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Popular travel destinations worldwide are often visited because they are historically significant. As such, many historic locations are promoted using historical imagery. While tourist attractions and travel destinations advertise based on their historical significance, few studies have looked at how the use of history impacts consumer perceptions of the aforementioned travel destinations. This paper examines how retro imagery in visual-based marketing appeals influences consumers' desire to travel to popular tourist locations. The study reported here utilizes two experiments with a travel destination with a known association with retro imagery and nostalgic advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis research delves into the adoption of Virtual Reality (VR) technology for travel intentions, with a specific emphasis on understanding generational disparities between Baby Boomers and Gen Z. This study focuses on two pivotal elements necessitating further examination: the role of virtual experiences and content quality in shaping travel intentions within the realm of virtual reality. Our investigation delves into the influence of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on virtual experiences and the impact of information access and novelty on content quality with travel intention for VR. Utilizing the Partial Least Squares Multigroup Analysis (PLS-MGA) and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) models, we scrutinize these factors. This study aims to illuminate the technological and generational dimensions of VR adoption within the context of travel intention. The study underscores generational distinctions, yielding an intriguing outcome: virtual experiences distinctly shape the travel intentions of Gen Z but do not find favor among Baby Boomers. Conversely, the influence of content quality is evident, decisively affirming the travel intentions of Baby Boomers while lacking substantiation in the case of Gen Z. This finding provides valuable insights into how different generations engage with and adopt VR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study extends the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by incorporating perceived knowledge of COVID-19 (PKC) and destination overall image (DOI) to explore the travel intentions of Taiwanese and Chinese tourists to Vietnam post-pandemic. Utilizing a consistent PLS multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA), it contrasts the decision-making processes between these groups. The augmented TPB framework explains 81.9% of the variance in travel intentions. Key findings indicate that PKC significantly influences TPB determinants, with a more pronounced effect on Attitude toward behavior among Chinese respondents. Attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and DOI positively affect destination visit intention. These insights are critical for tourism marketers and policymakers in devising strategies to attract Taiwanese and Chinese tourists to Vietnam, highlighting the enhanced TPB model’s relevance in examining tourist behavior with pandemic awareness. This study paves the way for future research to further extend TPB concerning COVID-19’s impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food vlogs are an important way to promote food tourism, but the effect of food vlogs on potential tourists' travel intentions is effectively discussed. This study discusses a new interactive method, namely, bullet comments, which is an important means of communication between audiences and vlog content with high real-time interaction. We analyzed the effect of food vlogs on audiences' travel intention expression. The main results were as follows. Firstly, we identified 126 highly engaging sessions. A typology analysis of highlight moments was carried out, mainly including food experience, fun, place, interaction, and production techniques. Secondly, by constructing five kinds of bullet comment themes, the flow relationship between vlog content and bullet comment content was established. Finally, we proposed three approach hypotheses to explain the process mechanism of travel intention expression. In the para-social interaction, the interactive participation of bullet comments effectively improves the audience's active perception of food and destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the shift of travel intentions among Chinese residents following the end of China's Zero‐COVID policy in December 2022. Focusing on the 2023 Spring Festival, the first major holiday after the pandemic, we examine the factors influencing travel intentions, including travel experiences during COVID‐19, sociodemographics, infection and vaccination experiences, travel planned behaviours, health beliefs, and resilience. Using a cohort study approach, we conducted online surveys in two phases. Initial findings from 1, 263 respondents pre‐holiday indicated a moderate intention to travel (average 3.3 out of 5). The results reveal diminishing effects of COVID‐19 vaccination, infection experiences and health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity and benefits) over time. Past travel experiences, planned behaviours (attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control), perceived barriers and resilience significantly elevate travel intentions in the post‐COVID period. Additionally, a post‐holiday survey found that 44.3% of 79 participants had travelled, providing insight into the evolving travel tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing literature on the intersection between tourism and politics has recognized that tourism planning and development can be a political process in which decisions are made in order to implement specific political policies and goals. However, there has been very little acknowledgment that political actions themselves can shape tourism. The current research seeks to address this gap. Using the COVID-19 pandemic as our context, we explore the potential implications of foreign aid on country image and tourists' travel intentions, we show that participants hold a more positive country image and thus are more likely to visit a country that provides aid to their own country compared to a country that is the recipient of aid provided by their own country. We also show that participants' patriotism in their own country can actually strengthen the country image and travel intentions they hold of the country that sends aid to them. The findings are among the first to show how political actions influence tourism and provide insights to managers and policy-makers in understanding how foreign aid may also influence tourism by improving their country's image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The post-pandemic period has seen large financial losses in the economy of the entire world, but particularly in the tourism industry. Covid-19 significantly influenced changes in the behaviour of tourists, including the increasing level of health risk perception. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of health risk perception on the intentions and travel decisions of Serbian tourists after the Covid-19 pandemic. The importance of the research lies in the intention to determine whether there is a difference in the perception of health risks based on demographic and economic variables. The results of the empirical research conducted on the territory of the Republic of Serbia indicate that age and the level of income are two significant predictors of fears and intentions to travel after the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on the results, it will be possible to predict future tourist movements in Serbia and abroad, taking into account the changes in the behaviour of tourists in the post-pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food vlogs are a new trend in destination marketing, but there is limited cognition of food tourism motivates potential consumers to travel. We used content analysis and natural language processing for the effect of food vlogs on awakening travel intentions. The results showed that life-oriented and mundane food vlogs could significantly awaken travel intentions. Meanwhile, unique food community prompted the transformation of viewers into potential foodies, triggering their travel intentions. Furthermore, food vlogs revealed that viewers expressed their opinions around six dimensions, with a sense of place and empathy at the core. Finally, the paper verified that food vlogs created a unique community circle and promoted positive destination image perceptions among viewers to awakening travel intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the impact of perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 on travel intentions of Pakistani outbound tourists by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). For the purpose of investigation, the data from 170 respondents were analysed to study the mediating effect of subjective norms, attitude towards behaviour and perceived behavioural control between perceived susceptibility of COVID and the travel intention of tourists for international vacation trip during the pandemic. It was found that the mediating effects of subjective norms and attitude towards behaviour were significant while the role of perceived behavioural control was insignificant. The analysis further reveals that the perceived susceptibility of COVID negatively influences the subjective norms and attitude while positively influences the behavioural control. On the other hand, all the proposed mediating factors in the model positively influence the travel intensions with varying strengths. Moreover, among the three endogenous variables influencing the intentions, subjective-norms came out to be the strongest predictor of travel intentions during pandemic. This outcome was significantly different from the commonly found results in existing literature hence highlighting the novelty of this study. Finally, study-implications for variety of stakeholders in hospitality industry were underscored, limitations were acknowledged and recommendations for future research endeavours were also discussed.

This study aims to fill the gap in the current influencer marketing literature by analyzing the impact of social media influencers (SMIs) credibility on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials.An online questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 581 Egyptian millennials to collect primary data. The results indicate that the three dimensions of a SMI’s credibility (trustworthiness, attractiveness, and expertise) have a positive impact on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials. Moreover, the findings point out that all of SMI’s credibility elements have a significant effect on domestic travel intentions except for SMI’s expertise, which is considered the credibility dimension least affecting the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials.The findings of this study enrich the influencer marketing field in the context of tourism as well as help the destination management organizations (DMOs) and travel agencies select the most persuasive SMIs that can positively influence millennials' travel intentions, specifically in light of the current emphasis on integrating SMIs as one of their marketing techniques.

The COVID-19 epidemic has had a profound impact on tourism in Thailand and worldwide. As one of the top-ranked global tourist destinations, Thailand has experienced significant effects on its economy and the well-being of its inhabitants. The objective of this study is to investigate the variations in tourists' behavior during and after the COVID-19 epidemic using the Health Belief Model and Travel planned behavior theories. Invariance analysis was tested across groups. The analysis revealed that attitude, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, government support, and perceived control had the most positive impact on travel intentions during the 2019 coronavirus epidemic. In contrast, perceived barriers, perceived severity, and health motivation had significant negative influences. Concerning behavioral intention after the outbreak, all the factors were significantly associated positively. The most influential factors were perceived susceptibility, attitude, health motivation, perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits, perceived severity, perceived control, and government support, respectively. Furthermore, the models of both groups during and after the epidemic were significantly different. Therefore, this study provides valuable insights for policymakers to develop strategies to stimulate the economy and sustainable tourism in the future.

Food is an indispensable part of destination tourism resources and attractions, playing a vital role in the marketing and promotion of the destination. Food can also be viewed as an important brand that the destination can develop. Yangzhou has been listed as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy since 2019, and the government aims to enhance the food brand for the city. This study attempts to assess the impact of a destination's food brand equity on tourist satisfaction and travel intentions, and to evaluate the potential of developing food tourism. Questionnaires were conducted with 481 tourists, followed by semi-structured interviews with 29 tourists. A structural equation modelling analysis addressed the positive relationships among destination food brand equity, tourist satisfaction and travel intentions. A qualitative analysis contributes to further clarifying the relationships of the model. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of tourist behaviour during and after the crisis is of great importance for understanding and coping with the harmful effects of the crisis. The study aims to discover the impact of perceived risks, health status, and travel experience on proximal travel intentions during the Covid-19 outbreak. Perceived risks that coronavirus brought reshaped the collective awareness and altered typical travel habits. The research involved 1109 respondents from four Balkan countries who participated in an online survey at the first peak of the pandemic (April 2020). According to the results, perceived risk negatively influenced travel intentions. The study presumed the positive influence of previous travel experience on travel intentions and indicated its negative impact on risk perception. Results showed that subjective health condition positively affected travel intention and had no significant effect on risk perception. The profound uncertainty that the tourism sector experienced is primarily reflected in an immense impact on the travel possibilities and changes in tourist preferences. This study offers an insight into peoples' travel intentions influenced by a global health crisis, reflecting specific risk negation when it comes to the timing of after-crisis travel plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 outbreak has the world gripped by fear and panic with its high velocity of infection. Based on the first three months of the global pandemic centred in Asia, this study investigates the relationship between the perception of COVID-19 on consumers' destination image towards Wuhan and China, and how risk perceptions and changes in destination image affect travel intention to the destinations. Findings illuminated that perceptions of COVID-19 do not have a direct effect on destination image. Instead, risk perception of travelling during the pandemic mediated its effects on the destination image of Wuhan and China. Theoretical and practical implications concerning the management of destination image for the recovery of tourism are discussed with future possibilities of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and tourist’s assessments of non-pharmaceutical public-health interventions (NPIs) in relation to their travel intentions. It uses a combined theoretical model that incorporates the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) in the recreational domain, the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A large-scale population study that is representative of Switzerland has been carried out to validate the model (N = 1683; 39% response rate). We use a regression model based on mean indices for our explanatory model. Health beliefs, namely perceived susceptibility and severity, are important predictors of travel intentions. The perceived benefits of and barriers to compliance with NPIs when travelling also have a substantial influence on travel intentions. The results demonstrated that the factors of the HBM tend to have a stronger influence than other significant factors, such as the perceived behavioural control of the TPB. As a situational context, the ability to work from home increases the intention to travel. The achievement of the present research is a validated empirical theory-based model that is suitable for practical and managerial implications. It can be used to create and evaluate measures and interventions that address the social psychological influencing factors.

This study aims to fill the gap in the current influencer marketing literature by analyzing the impact of social media influencers (SMIs) credibility on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials.An online questionnaire was distributed to a convenience sample of 581 Egyptian millennials to collect primary data. The results indicate that the three dimensions of a SMI's credibility (trustworthiness, attractiveness, and expertise) have a positive impact on the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials. Moreover, the findings point out that all of SMI's credibility elements have a significant effect on domestic travel intentions except for SMI's expertise, which is considered the credibility dimension least affecting the domestic travel intentions of Egyptian millennials. The findings of this study enrich the influencer marketing field in the context of tourism as well as help the destination management organizations (DMOs) and travel agencies select the most persuasive SMIs that can positively influence millennials' travel intentions, specifically in light of the current emphasis on integrating SMIs as one of their marketing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding tourist behavior during and after major tourism crises is essential to help destinations recover. The COVID-19 pandemic — a period of uncertainty and risk — makes it relevant to assess factors that influence travel intentions. There has been little research on tourist behavior during health crises and, in particular, on perceived health risk and uncertainty effects on travel intentions. This study was carried out at the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil and aims to investigate the role of health risk perception and intolerance of uncertainty on travel intentions for 2020 and 2021. We applied an online survey to 1150 Brazilian participants from April to May 2020. Our findings indicate that perceived COVID-19 severity, perceived probability of infection, and expected duration of the pandemic are significant predictors of travel intentions for both years. This paper contributes to a deeper understanding of crisis-resistant tourists' characteristics and provides insights for destinations' recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the risk perceptions and travel intentions of travelers who were segmented into groups based on their personality traits. In total, 684 useful questionnaires were obtained from Taiwan. A multivariate statistical analysis was performed for data analysis. Five clusters of travelers were identified via cluster analysis: sensitive travelers, cogitative travelers, temperate travelers, introverted travelers, and moderate travelers. These clusters exhibited significant differences in the personality traits, risk perceptions, and behavioral intentions of travelers. By introducing strategies for market segmentation that destination managers can use to develop better marketing strategies that target tourist personality traits during pandemic outbreaks, this study potentially contributes to the literature on travel risk, satisfaction, and behavioral intention, and applies marketing strategies from researchers in tourism studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the chaordic systems influencing holidaymakers' travel intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis, it examines the perceptions of 400 UK holidaymakers travelling to Cyprus. A complementary Necessary Condition Analysis evaluates the size effects of the examined conditions. Moreover, semi-structured interviews with Cypriot industry stakeholders shed light on the relationships that describe the generated configurations. Two solutions were generated: (i) cultural and destination attributes, and (ii) travel attitudes, whereas qualitative findings revealed that industry stakeholders agree that destination attributes, especially the cultural aspects of a place, and a combination of positive and negative travel attitudes are influential on travel intentions. The results showcase the complexity upon travel intentions during uncertainty, yielding significant theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: motorcycle tourism; journey experiences; flow state; travel intentions; intrinsic motivations EN motorcycle tourism journey experiences flow state travel intentions intrinsic motivations 263 282 20 11/23/22 20221201 NES 221201 1 Introduction Motorcycle tourism is a segment of drive tourism. Overall, there has been a shift away from cruiser-type motorcycles to sport-touring and adventure-touring motorcycles, which arguably, are better suited to motorcycle touring and tourism. The type of motorcycle (e. g., cruisers, touring, sport-touring, dual-sport or adventure-touring, and sportbikes (Motorcycle Industry Council, 2015)), and/or weather might moderate the relationship between flow and an MT's travel intentions. [Extracted from the article]

In pursuit of better travel decisions, potential tourists are not only exposed to online destination marketing content but are also exposed to user-generated content (UGC) which are based on the subjective evaluation of people's travel experiences. These user-generated contents have been observed to significantly influence tourist travel intentions, vlogs in particular. This paper aims to further our understanding of how tourists perceive user-generated videos and their influence on their travel intentions. A survey was conducted among tourists (n = 274) in Cape Coast Castle, Ghana and analysed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Results suggest that tourist's perception of user-generated videos in relation to their perceived credibility and perceived fairness influenced their travel intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information symmetry is a critical antecedent to tourists' consumptive decision-making and conative behaviour, especially in times of crisis and uncertainty. The present study is novel in its interrogation of whether COVID-19 induced perceived risk has an intervening effect in the destination media profile - travel intentions nexus of tourists. The quantitative study adopted a cross-sectional approach. Data was generated via an online survey of a purposive-convenient sample. The respondent-driven snowball sampling approach resulted in a final international sample of 323 potential tourists. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, linear regressions, and simple and parallel mediation analyses were employed. As it emerged from the study, a destination's media profile, directly and indirectly, influences the conative behaviour of tourists. At the same time, destination media profile has an apparent direct effect on perceived riskoriented information symmetry. A partial diminishing intervening effect of COVID-19 induced risk is also established in the indirect relationship between destination media profile and tourists' postcrisis travel intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant changes in all spheres of public life. Economically, as well as in terms of behavioural change, tourism has been one of the most affected sectors and nearly two years after the crisis began, the future is still unclear. This paper focuses on changes in tourist behaviour by tracking the shifts and persisting patterns within a one-year period. The study is based on two surveys conducted online in April 2020 and April 2021 and display the trends for a very specific and understudied context - a European country characterized by general distrust to the severity of the virus as well as towards imposed measures against the disease distribution at both national and international levels. Our findings question the wide-spread assumption that health-related concerns are the primary factor affecting tourist behaviour in the pandemic and identify travel restrictions and income as having major significance. Another important observation is the lack of significant changes within the study period, which examines two different situations: the onset of the pandemic that brought a great shock at all levels and a year later, when both objective circumstances and subjective perceptions were not expected to be the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced the tourism and hospitality industry, and it has also reshaped people's travel preferences and related behaviors. As a result, how prospective travelers perceive travel constraints and their effects on future travel behaviors may have changed to some extent. Besides, such perception arguably varies across gender. Therefore, this research examines the interplay between travel constraints, gender, and travel intentions for facilitating robust tourism recovery by revisiting the Leisure Constraints Model (LCM) from a gender perspective. Data were collected through a survey from 357 Malaysian prospective travelers. By conducting path analysis and multigroup analysis (MGA), it is found that structural and interpersonal constraints impose indirect effects on travel intentions (mediated by intrapersonal constraints), and gender moderating the effect of structural cost on intrapersonal constraints and effect of intrapersonal constraints on travel intentions. Based on these findings, this research provides theoretical and practical implications into how to adjust their marketing strategies and travel products during the era of "new normal" for tourism policy makers, destination marketers, and related businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discusses the impact of the perception of video images and online word of mouth on tourists' travel intentions. A survey of 390 users who watched travel videos on short-video platforms was conducted using structural equation modeling. The results are as follows. First, the perception of video images can significantly affect tourists' intention to visit the destinations. Second, as a mediating variable, online word of mouth can enhance the positive effects of the perception of video images on tourists' travel intentions. Third, gender had a positive moderating effect, which was particularly obvious in the relationship between the perception of video images and online word of mouth. This research provides a theoretical basis for the utility of tourism-related short videos, which can help stimulate tourists' intention to visit promoted destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Post COVID-19, a third of Scottish residents expect to use public transport less. • A random parameter bivariate probit model was estimated to analyse survey data. • Sociodemographic, perceptual and behaviour factors affected future bus & train use. • Perceived risk of COVID-19 infection significantly influenced future travel choices. • Frequent bus users in urban areas were less likely to abandon public transport. This paper examines the determinants of changes in future public transport use in Scotland after the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed to 994 Scottish residents in order to identify travel habits, attitudes and preferences during the different phases of the COVID-19 outbreak and travel intentions after the pandemic. Quota constraints were enforced for age, gender and household income to ensure the sample was representative of the Scottish population. The respondents indicated that they anticipated they would make less use of buses and trains at the end of the pandemic. Over a third expect to use buses (36%) and trains (34%) less, whilst a quarter expect to drive their cars more. As part of the analysis, a random parameter bivariate probit model with heterogeneity in the means of random parameters was estimated to provide insights into the socio-demographic, behavioural and perceptual factors which might affect future public transport usage. The inclusion of random parameters allows for the potential effects of unobserved heterogeneity within the independent variables to be captured, whilst making allowances for heterogeneity in the means of the random parameters. The model estimation showed that several factors, including pre-lockdown travel choices, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, household size and region significantly affected intended future use of public transport. In addition, several variables related to age, region, pre-lockdown travel choices and employment status resulted in random parameters. The current paper contributes to our understanding of the potential loss of demand for public transport and the consequences for future equitable and sustainable mobility. Our findings are highly relevant for transport policy when developing measures to strengthen the resilience of the public transport system during and after the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted the global economy. Since containment measures directly limit mobility and social interactions, the pandemic has substantially affected the tourism sector. This work explores the effect of COVID-19 exposure on people's travel intentions during the summer of 2020 use representative survey data for 3873 individuals collected in Spain, one of the countries with the highest infection and mortality rates. We define exposure to COVID-19 at two levels: (i) zonal, according to the degree of limitations imposed in the zone where the respondent lives, and (ii) individual, according to whether the individual has personally suffered from COVID-19 symptoms. We perform regression analysis and propensity score matching and also consider potential treatment heterogeneity. The results consistently show that those who were more severely affected by the pandemic exhibit a relatively higher willingness to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply influenced the tourism and hospitality industry, and it has also reshaped people’s travel preferences and related behaviors. As a result, how prospective travelers perceive travel constraints and their effects on future travel behaviors may have changed to some extent. Besides, such perception arguably varies across gender. Therefore, this research examines the interplay between travel constraints, gender, and travel intentions for facilitating robust tourism recovery by revisiting the Leisure Constraints Model (LCM) from a gender perspective. Data were collected through a survey from 357 Malaysian prospective travelers. By conducting path analysis and multigroup analysis (MGA), it is found that structural and interpersonal constraints impose indirect effects on travel intentions (mediated by intrapersonal constraints), and gender moderating the effect of structural cost on intrapersonal constraints and effect of intrapersonal constraints on travel intentions. Based on these findings, this research provides theoretical and practical implications into how to adjust their marketing strategies and travel products during the era of “new normal” for tourism policy makers, destination marketers, and related businesses.

Food is an indispensable part of destination tourism resources and attractions, playing a vital role in the marketing and promotion of the destination. Food can also be viewed as an important brand that the destination can develop. Yangzhou has been listed as a UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy since 2019, and the government aims to enhance the food brand for the city. This study attempts to assess the impact of a destination’s food brand equity on tourist satisfaction and travel intentions, and to evaluate the potential of developing food tourism. Questionnaires were conducted with 481 tourists, followed by semi-structured interviews with 29 tourists. A structural equation modelling analysis addressed the positive relationships among destination food brand equity, tourist satisfaction and travel intentions. A qualitative analysis contributes to further clarifying the relationships of the model. Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.

The aim of this study is to examine Chinese football fans' sense of belonging to the virtual communities of their favorite European teams and their intention to visit Europe and watch a live match. Drawing on a survey of 488 Chinese football fans, the findings reveal that ideal self-congruence, brand identification, and the ability of virtual communities affect fans' sense of belonging. Finally, sense of belonging influences fans' travel intentions, and a positive attitude toward the destination and city strengthens the positive relationship between sense of belonging and the intention to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to identify structural relationships between factors affecting domestic tourism intentions in Iran under COVID-19 conditions, taking into account the importance of behavioral intention in predicting behavior. Therefore, it adds to the emerging body of knowledge about travel intentions during the pandemic. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze 383 online questionnaires, which revealed a positive impact of “frequency of past travel” and a negative effect of “Covid-19 risk knowledge,” “perceived risk,” and “risk aversion attitudes” on “travel intentions.” Furthermore, “perceived risk” and “risk aversion attitudes” mediated the relationship between “frequency of past travel” and “Covid-19 risk knowledge” with “travel intentions.” Meanwhile, “socio-demographic variables” and “travel purposes” moderated the relationships between “risk aversion attitudes” and “travel intentions” and between “perceived risks” and “travel intentions.” The findings enable tourism policy-makers, marketers, and businesses to take purposeful measures to recover domestic tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism is sensitive to shocks, and the Covid pandemic has profoundly changed sector dynamics. Although wine tourism is primarily a form of proximity tourism, the pandemic may have affected wine travellers behaviour and intention to go on a wine holiday. This exploratory study proposes a comprehensive analysis of the impact of Covid-related fear and anxiety on wine tourism intentions after the first lockdown while jointly considering the effects of solidarity, situational and personal involvement with wine. An online survey was delivered to a sample of 553 wine tourists from Italy and France, two major wine tourism destinations. Results highlight changes in wine travel patterns after the pandemic, which boosted post-lockdown wine tourism intentions. Indeed, the latter are poorly impacted by fear of contagion while it is enhanced by dedicating time to wine in lockdown (i.e., situational involvement) and by willingness to support local wine producers. Implications for sectors stakeholders are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding relations between travel motivations and intentions is important, yet these relations may be complicated by the existence of destination-related factors, such as perceived image. The current study attempts to understand motivation–intention relations from an image formation perspective, in the context of Australian potential and repeat visitors to Indonesia. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results show that, for potential visitors, travel motivations influence travel intentions only indirectly through destination image and visitor image congruity, while for repeat visitors, travel motivations influence revisit intentions both directly and indirectly. Comparisons of motivation–image–intention relations between potential and repeat visitors show that the direct influence of interaction-seeking motivation, destination image, and visitor image congruity on intentions were stronger for repeat than potential visitors, whereas, the influence of novelty- and assurance-seeking motivations on destination image were stronger for potential than repeat visitors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to unpack the implications that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on the South African domestic tourism market. In particular, the study considers how, given the negative impacts that have been felt with international travel being largely restricted, many destinations who traditionally rely on tourism will approach domestic tourism post the restrictions. Given South Africa’s previous aggressive campaigns which sought to promote domestic tourism in the country, the value of this focus area cannot be overlooked. The need for empirical research that assesses the attitudes of people regarding travel and tourism beyond the pandemic in a country that has been one of the hardest-hit on the African continent is equally important in this respect. Data for the study was sourced from interviews with key informant personnel in the domain of tourism coupled with an online questionnaire survey that was collected from respondents through the Google Forms Application. The key findings from the study reveal that a majority of the respondents were generally satisfied with the management of the pandemic in the country and were willing to wait until all restrictions were lifted before travelling again. Moreover, many of the respondents felt that they would likely travel more domestically in order to assist the tourism industry recover post-COVID-19 and would actively help market the country to friends and relatives in assisting with the recovery marketing initiatives. However, major concerns were raised about the financial possibilities of the domestic tourists as well as the lack of effective communication and cooperation between the private sector and the government regarding tourism’s recovery plan.

This research examines the impact of COVID-19 mobility restrictions and vaccinations on people's behavioural intentions to travel and their actual travel patterns. The study was conducted in Israel using three-wave cross-sectional analysis: June 2020 (n=129), November 2020 (n=211) and April 2021 (n=208). The findings reveal that the main factor supporting tourism is the desire to resume travel and not vaccination. The study also shows that domestic travel is not a substitute for international travel, at least in the case of Israel. Attitudes towards tourism are significant predictors of domestic and international travel intentions and of actual domestic travel. Nevertheless, the belief that tourism is a source of recovery is related only to intentions to travel internationally. Non-clinical depression symptoms are negatively correlated with domestic tourism. Variables previously considered relevant to resuming tourism, e.g. vaccination, economic stress and health risk factors, have little or no influence on future demand, while attitudes regarding tourism emerge as the most important factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of travel motivation, Muslim-friendly amenities, destination image, and service quality on young adult Kuwaiti nationals' intention to travel to non-Muslim countries. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of multiple-item scales was distributed to a purposive sample of 343 Kuwaitis, ages 18–34 years. Controlling for socio-demographics, hierarchical regression analysis results revealed that destination cognitive image and the availability of Muslim-friendly amenities played a significant role in Kuwaiti travelers' intention to visit non-Muslim countries. The study has important implications for non-Muslim countries targeting the Kuwaiti lucrative travel market. Moreover, this study concludes with a series of theoretical propositions in an effort to guide future research to reveal not only a deeper understanding of the range of psychological motivations but the consequences of international travel on the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of symbolic and cultural elements have been included by designers in their photographing and creation of images for tourist destinations. However, the personal visual experiences of those with professional knowledge cannot fully recognize or evaluate ordinary tourists' identification with tourism rituals. Thus, in this article, potential Chinese tourists will be treated as the research subjects and New Zealand tourism photos as the ritual carriers. In this study, we explore the use of images representing tourism rituals recognized by tourists, and we investigate how the cognitive outcome of those rituals affects the tourists' intention to travel to the destination. By measuring the participants' visual parameters, the study shows that images can effectively transfer a solidified sense of ritual. Meanwhile, through a comprehensive classification, the study deepens the theory of ritual tourism. Ultimately, this work explores whether tourists' perception of rituals can effectively stimulate their motivation to travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major life events like COVID-19 have the potential to change how people think about and use transport systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has created an extended period of disruption in peoples’ lives and could result in long-term changes towards travel attitudes, and use of transport services. There has previously been little research available on changes towards travel attitudes and use of domestic travel as a result of pandemics. To investigate the changes in attitudes to travel resulting from COVID-19 we distributed a survey to 787 respondents in Australia and New Zealand asking about car use, car sharing, public transport, and air travel before, during, and after COVID-19 travel restrictions. The results showed attitudes towards travel were negatively affected, particularly attitudes towards public transport and international air travel. Further, although respondents indicated some recovery in attitudes when asked to consider when travel restrictions were removed, they did not recover to the levels of positivity seen pre-COVID. There were slight differences between the two countries in their post-COVID attitudes, possibly due to their different experience of travel restriction. Both countries, however, may be useful as a preview for the rest of the world given the early cessation of the COVID-19 pandemic at the time of the survey.

This study examines the relationship between perceived impacts of COVID-19, risk perceptions, emotions, and travel intentions within selected higher education institutions of the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR). The paper argues that hospitality and tourism recovery strategies should focus on specific internal market segments by understanding their cognitive appraisal of the current situation, their emotional state, and possible responses to future travel. Through an online survey, data were gathered using convenience sampling of 412 respondents comprising students and workers of three Macau Higher Educational Institutions – which form a segment of Macau's domestic tourism market. The results indicate that a high perceived risk of travelling during COVID-19 has increased negative emotions and reduced intentions to travel. Nonetheless, most students and workers of these institutions in Macau do not feel vulnerable to the virus due to the stringent health and policy measures in place. As government strict measures 'protect' internal customers within the city but 'paralyse' travel outside the city, promoting domestic travel becomes a practical way to reset tourism but would require understanding the perceptions and risk concerns of specific market segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backpacking is becoming a popular way to travel, and solo female backpackers are a particularly interesting group in this travel segment. This article focuses on solo female backpackers' experiences of precedent and in situ sociocultural, practical, personal and spatial constraints (Wilson & Little, 2005) in Southeast Asia. The study is based on qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews with 37 solo female backpackers who have visited the region. Results show how solo female backpackers develop strategies to address the various constraints they encounter. These results are in line with other similar studies and have useful implications for destination managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]