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Màster en Gestió de Continguts Digitals, Facultat d'Informació i Mitjans Audiovisuals, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2022-2023. Tutor: Dr. Cristóbal Urbano, En los últimos años, los casos de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), no han dejado de aumentar, especialmente después de la pandemia por COVID-19, lo cual ha supuesto un colapso en los centros especializados y hospitales, además de ser una preocupación para los familiares de pacientes que los sufren, pues cada vez las personas afectadas son más jóvenes. TCAssist es un proyecto de diseño de una aplicación móvil diseñada para brindar apoyo y herramientas a las familias de menores en tratamiento por TCA y para dar una solución a los terapeutas para que puedan gestionar mejor su trabajo. El objetivo principal de la app es facilitar la comunicación y el seguimiento del progreso del tratamiento entre las familias y los terapeutas a través de una misma app. De esta forma, se crea un entorno seguro y confiable y se fomenta la recuperación y el bienestar de los pacientes haciendo que las familias se involucren en el tratamiento.

Altres ajuts: Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (2021I031) Food addiction (FA) and substance use (SU) in eating disorders (ED) have been associated with a more dysfunctional clinical and psychopathological profile. However, their impact on treatment outcomes has been poorly explored. Therefore, this transdiagnostic study is aimed at examining whether the presence of FA and/or SU is associated with treatment outcomes in patients with different ED types. The results were not able to reveal significant differences in treatment outcomes between patients with and without FA and/or SU; however, the effect sizes suggest higher dropout rates in the group with both FA and SU. The predictive models of treatment outcomes showed different features associated with each group. High persistence (i.e., tendency to perseverance and inflexibility) was the personality trait most associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients without addictions. High harm avoidance and younger age at ED onset were the variables most related to poor outcomes in patients with FA or SU. Finally, in the group with both addictive behaviors (FA and SU), the younger patients presented the poorest outcomes. In conclusion, our results suggest that, regardless of presenting addictive behaviors, patients with ED may similarly benefit from treatment. However, it may be important to consider the differential predictors of each group that might guide certain treatment targets.

Imatge corporal; Educació alimentària; Aliments saludables Imagen corporal; Educación alimentaria; Alimentos saludables Body image; Food education; Healthy food Aquest document conté informació sobre la inflència d'Internet en la percepció dels infants sobre la imatge corporal i com les famílies poden conduir-ho.

Àpats en família; Educació alimentària; Aliments saludables Comidas en familia; Educación alimentaria; Alimentos saludables Family meals; Food education; Healthy food Aquest document conté informació i recursos sobre la promoció d'una alimentació saludable en família.

Menjars familiars; Educació alimentària; Menjar saludable Comidas familiares; Educación alimentaria; Comida sana Family meals; Food education; Healthy food Aquest document conté informació i pautes perquè les famílies eduquin perquè els fills/es mengin de forma saludable.

BackgroundFood addiction (FA) is characterised by symptoms such as loss of control over food consumption, inability to reduce consumption despite the desire to do so, and continued consumption despite negative consequences. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a widely used instrument to assess FA.ObjectivesTo validate the Spanish mYFAS 2.0; to analyse the relationships between FA with other eating behaviours, sociodemographic variables, and Body Mass Index (BMI); and to test the eating-related variables that account for the variance in FA.MethodsThe sample consisted of 400 university students (M-age = 24.16, SDage = 6.12; 51% female), who completed the mYFAS 2.0 and measures of eating-related constructs.ResultsA confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the mYFAS 2.0. The scale showed good internal consistency (alpha = .78), and good convergent validity with the mYFAS. FA was related to eating styles, binge eating, and bulimia. No differences in FA were observed between males and females, and there was no association between FA and BMI. In addition, younger participants scored higher on FA than older participants. The eating-related variables explain 54.7% of the variance in FA.ConclusionsThe mYFAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable scale to assess FA in the Spanish population. The positive and significant relationship of variables related to eating (eating styles, binge eating and bulimia) with FA was demonstrated. These variables were indicated by those at high risk of FA. Plain English summaryFood addiction (FA) is characterised by excessive and dysregulated intake of high-calorie foods. Loss of control over food consumption, inability to reduce consumption, and continued consumption despite negative consequences are some of its symptoms. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a brief instrument specifically developed to assess FA. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish mYFAS 2.0; (2) to analyse the relationships between FA with other eating behaviours, sociodemographic variables, and Body Mass Index (BMI); and (3) to test whether there are certain dietary variables that may be positively related to FA. We were able to provide evidence that the mYFAS 2.0 is a valid and reliable scale for assessing FA in the Spanish population. The positive and significant relationship of eating-related variables (eating styles, binge eating and bulimia) with FA was demonstrated. These variables can be considered to identify subgroups at high risk of FA.

Neuroendocrine mechanisms play a key role in the regulation of eating behavior. In individuals with binge eating disorder (BED), alterations in these mechanisms signaling hunger and satiety have been observed. It has been investigated that these alterations may underlie the development and maintenance of compulsive overeating in BED. The present narrative review examined the current literature related to the neurobiological processes involved in feeding dysregulation in BED with the aim of updating the most relevant aspects with special attention to neuroendocrine signaling. Studies have shown both central and peripheral endocrine dysfunctions in hormones participating in homeostatic and hedonic pathways in BED. Most studies have been especially focused on orexigenic signals, pointing out the existence of a hyperactivated mechanism promoting hunger. Fewer studies have explored anorexigenic pathways, but the findings so far seem to suggest an abnormal satiety threshold. Despite this, to date, it is unable to identify whether these alterations are typical of the BED patho-physiology or are related to an obesogenic pattern due to most studies included patients with BED and obesity. The identification of endophenotypes in BED may provide a new approach to aberrant eating behavior, favoring the implementation of biological therapeutic targets.

Background A first approach addressed to ascertain whether emotion regulation (ER) could be a transdiagnostic construct between eating disorders (EDs) and gambling disorder (GD) (through a joint clinical clustering analysis of both disorders) was performed by Munguía et al. (2021). Both conditions were represented by a severe, moderate, and low ER profile subgroups, according to the degree of ER difficulties. Results showed a linear relationship between the severity of ER difficulties and the severity of the disorder and the psychopathological state. Aims Based on the aforementioned cross-sectional study, the objective of this longitudinal research was to explore the treatment response of the different ER subgroups. Methods 459 adult patients (n = 277 ED; n = 182 GD) were included. Several clinical variables, as well as outcome indicators (after completing 16 weeks of cognitive-behavioral therapy), were evaluated. Results The three subgroups found in the previous cross-sectional study were taken for the performance of the present research. ED and GD distribution in each subgroup replicates the one exposed by Munguía et al. (2021), as well as their characterization, considering psychopathology, disorder severity and personality traits. The low ER subgroup reported a better response to treatment, whereas the severe group had the highest rates of non-remission and dropouts. Conclusions Our results suggest that greater difficulties in ER lead to poorer treatment outcomes. Therefore, tailored treatments for patients with poor ER abilities would be recommended to improve adherence and treatment outcomes.

Objective: The aims were to explore if bulimic spectrum disorders (BSD) patients, who also present comorbid compulsive buying (CB), could represent a specific subtype considering its neuropsychological performance; to present a descriptive analysis of different clinical features; and to explore how these variables could influence treatment outcome. It was hypothesised that the comorbid group will present worse neuropsychological performance that will lead to a worse treatment outcome. Method: The study has a longitudinal design. Women (N = 75) diagnosed with BSD, BSD + CB and Healthy Controls (HC); completed an evaluation of: cognitive flexibility, decision making, eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, psychopathological state and personality traits. Results: BSD + CB was the group with the most severe clinical profile, worst treatment outcome and higher neuropsychological impairment, than other groups. Path-analysis evidenced that deficits in decision making were associated with bad treatment outcome, while deficits in flexibility with the presence of the comorbidity. Self-directedness and novelty seeking were associated with the neuropsychological performance and the comorbidity. Conclusion: BSD + CB exhibit a worse clinical and neuropsychological profile that seems to be related with the treatment outcome, which should be taken into account for the establishment of specific treatment approaches.

BackgroundThe purpose of this paper was to explore maladaptive behaviors among physically active individuals, including exercise dependence and use of anabolic steroids. Both exercise addiction (EA) and use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) correlate to high amounts of exercise and EA have been linked to eating disorders and other mental health problems. MethodsAn internet survey was spread through fitness-related social media. Inclusion criteria were age >= 15 years and exercise frequency >= thrice weekly. Exercise addiction inventory identified those at-risk of EA (rEA). Characteristics of rEA were compared to those not at risk. In a separate analysis, AAS users were compared to AAS-naive individuals. ResultsIn total, 3,029 participants completed the questionnaire. Of these, 11% screened positive for being rEA, and 23% for ED. Factors associated with EA included daily exercise, social phobia, eating disorders and OCD. Risk consumption of alcohol was a negative predictor. Thirty seven participants had taken AAS the last year. These were mainly men, bodybuilders/powerlifters and more often used amphetamines and opioids. DiscussionThis exploratory study supports EA being strongly associated with eating disorders. Identified associations between EA and compulsive or anxiety disorders warrant further research to clarify if these associations arise prior to, together with, or secondary to EA.

Introduction Hepatic ones are some of the most described somatic complications in anorexia nervosa (AN) affected patients. They can be due to malnutrition, which is the more usual thing, or due to re-feeding. The first one can lead to more marked elevations of the hepatic enzymes, especially alanine-aminotransferase (ALT). It’s been also described the relation between a sharply decreased body mass index (BMI) and this kind of complications, but there are still to determine more predictors. Objectives Identifying clinical predictors of hepatic complications in AN. Methods We analysed data from 71 AN affected patients hospitalized at Bellvitge Hospital from January 2016 to October 2021. We used IBM SPSS Statistics 22 to do all the statistics in this work. Results The medium age of the sample was 27.66 years with 10.8 years of evolution of AN. The medium BMI was 13.88. 33.80% of them had some sort of hepatic enzymes elevation, two of them a several one. AST, ALT and ALP were significantly more elevated in those patients with lower BMI. GGT was significantly more elevated in patients with more years of disorder development. We didn’t identify correlation between any purgative method and hepatic alterations. Conclusions The elevation of ALT, AST and ALP seems to be related with the BMI of the patients, while the elevation of the GGT turns out to be related to the time of evolution of the eating disorder. Purgative methods don’t seem to be related to the development of hepatic alterations in AN. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son un problema grave de salud mental y física en nuestra sociedad actual. La falta de autoconocimiento, así como la falta de información que se proporciona en el ámbito escolar a cerca de los cambios que se dan en la adolescencia, comenzando en la preadolescencia, nos conducen a una insatisfacción corporal, fomentada por todas las áreas de nuestra sociedad, incluyendo el área de salud. Esto nos lleva a tener la firme creencia de que la delgadez es lo que todos debemos alcanzar. Es una situación en la que el fin justifica todos los medios, y cuando vemos una persona que está gorda, estamos seguros de que el estilo de vida que lleva no es saludable. Nos han hecho pensar que la forma en la que nos vemos físicamente determina nuestro estado de salud. Esta afirmación es rotunamente falsa, y para comenzar un cambio en nuestro pensamiento, debemos crear un buen autoconcepto, acompañado de una autoestima saludable, siendo conocedores de todo lo que implica tener una buena salud tanto mental como física, y sabiendo cómo proporcionar a uno mismo todos los alimentos esenciales en función de las necesidades de cada uno. Por todo ello, la prevención primaria en centros escolares es imprescindible y es el objetivo principal de la propuesta didáctica que se expone en el presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado. Els trastorns de la conducta alimentària són un problema greu de salut mental i física en la nostra societat actual. La falta d'autoconeixement, així com la falta d'informació que es proporciona en l'àmbit escolar a prop dels canvis que es donen en l'adolescència, començant en la preadolescència, ens condueixen a una insatisfacció corporal, fomentada per totes les àrees de la nostra societat, incloent l'àrea de salut. Això ens porta a tindre la ferma creença que la primesa és el que tots hem d'aconseguir. És una situació en la qual el fi justifica tots els mitjans, i quan veiem una persona que està grossa, estem segurs que l'estil de vida que porta no és saludable. Ens han fet pensar que la forma en la qual ens veiem físicament determina el nostre estat de salut. Aquesta afirmació és falsa, i per a començar un canvi en el nostre pensament, hem de crear un bon autoconcepte, acompanyat d'una autoestima saludable, sent coneixedors de tot el que implica tindre una bona salut tant mental com física, i sabent com proporcionar a un mateix tots els aliments essencials en funció de les necessitats de cadascun. Per tot això, la prevenció primària en centres escolars és imprescindible i és l’objectiu principal de la proposta didàctica que s’exposa en el present Treball de Fi de Grau. Eating disorders are a serious mental and physical health problem in our society today. The lack of self-knowledge, as well as the lack of information provided in the school environment about the changes that occur in adolescence, starting in pre-adolescence, lead us to body dissatisfaction, encouraged by all areas of our society, including the health area. This leads us to have the firm belief that thinness is what we all must achieve. It is a situation where the end justifies the means, and when we see a person who is fat, we are sure that the lifestyle they lead is unhealthy. We have been led to believe that the way we look physically determines our state of health. This statement is categorically false, and to begin a change in our thinking, we must create a good selfconcept, accompanied by a healthy self-esteem, being knowledgeable about all that is involved in having good health both mentally and physically, and knowing how to provide oneself with all the essential foods according to one's needs. For all these reasons, primary prevention in schools is essential and it’s the main objective of the didactic proposal presented in this Final Degree Project. Educación

Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by regular binge-eating episodes during which affected individuals ingest comparably large amounts of food and experience loss of control over their eating behavior. The current worldwide prevalence of BED is estimated to be at least 1.3%. BED is commonly associated with obesity and with somatic and mental health comorbidities. People suffering from BED experience considerable burden and impairments in quality of life, at the same time, BED often goes undetected and untreated. The aetiology of BED is complex, including genetic and environmental factors as well as neuroendocrinological and neurobiological contributions. Neurobiological findings highlight impairments in the domains of reward processing, inhibitory control and emotion regulation in people affected by BED, and these neurobiological domains are currently targets for emerging treatment approaches. Psychotherapy is currently the first-line treatment for people with BED. Recognition and research on BED has increased since its inclusion into DSM-5, however, continuing efforts are needed to understand underlying mechanisms of BED and to improve prevention and treatment outcomes for this disorder. These efforts should also include screening, identification, and implementation of evidence-based interventions in routine clinical practice settings like primary care and mental health outpatient clinics.

Background: A first approach of a phenotypic characterization of food addiction (FA) found three clusters (dysfunctional, moderate and functional). Based on this previous classification, the aim of the present study is to explore treatment responses in the sample diagnosed with Eating Disorder(ED) of different FA profiles. Methods: The sample was composed of 157 ED patients with FA positive, 90 with bulimia nervosa (BN), 36 with binge eating disorder (BED), and 31 with other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED). Different clinical variables and outcome indicators were evaluated. Results: The clinical profile of the clusters present similar characteristics with the prior study, having the dysfunctional cluster the highest ED symptom levels, the worse psychopathology global state, and dysfunctional personality traits, while the functional one the lowest ED severity level, best psychological state, and more functional personality traits. The dysfunctional cluster was the one with lowest rates of full remission, the moderate one the higher rates of dropouts, and the functional one the highest of full remission. Conclusions: The results concerning treatment outcome were concordant with the severity of the FA clusters, being that the dysfunctional and moderate ones had worst treatment responses than the functional one.

Objective The primary aim was to assess the feasibility of undertaking a study evaluating the novel Motivational and Psycho-Educational Self-Help Programme for Athletes with Mild Eating Disorder Symptoms (MOPED-A). A mixed-methods approach was adopted to explore the feasibility of recruiting and retaining participants, and to evaluate the acceptability of measures, procedures and the intervention. A secondary aim was to explore the potential efficacy of MOPED-A in reducing athletes' eating disorder symptoms. Method Thirty-five athletes were recruited. Participation involved completing MOPED-A over a 6-week period and completing self-report measures at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2) and 4-week follow-up (T3). A subsample (n = 15) completed an interview at T2. Results Retention was good throughout the study (n = 28; 80%). Quantitative and qualitative feedback suggested the format, delivery, content and dosage of MOPED-A were acceptable. Athletes valued that the intervention was tailored to them, and this facilitated both participation and completion. Over a third of participants reported disclosing their eating difficulties and deciding to seek further support. Large reductions in eating disorder symptoms were detected at T2 and sustained at T3. Conclusions The MOPED-A intervention can be feasibly implemented, is acceptable to participants, and demonstrates potential for reducing symptoms in athletes. A larger, controlled trial is warranted.

Food addiction is characterized by a loss of behavioral control over food intake and is associated with obesity and other eating disorders. The mechanisms underlying this behavioral disorder are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes in miRNA expression promoted by food addiction in animals and humans and their involvement in the mechanisms underlying the behavioral hallmarks of this disorder. We found sharp similitudes between miRNA signatures in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of our animal cohort and circulating miRNA levels in our human cohort, which allowed us to identify several miRNAs of potential interest in the development of this disorder. Tough decoy (TuD) inhibition of miRNA-29c-3p in the mouse mPFC promoted persistence of the response and enhanced vulnerability to developing food addiction, whereas miRNA-665-3p inhibition promoted compulsion-like behavior and also enhanced food addiction vulnerability. In contrast, we found that miRNA-137-3p inhibition in the mPFC did not lead to the development of food addiction. Therefore, miRNA-29c-3p and miRNA-665-3p could be acting as protective factors with regard to food addiction. We believe the elucidation of these epigenetic mechanisms will lead to advances toward identifying innovative biomarkers and possible future interventions for food addiction and related disorders based on the strategies now available to modify miRNA activity and expression. This work was supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)” (PID2020-120029GB-I00/MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, RD21/0009/0019, to RM; SAF2015-68341-R, RTI2018-100968-B-100, and PID2021-1277760B-100, to BC; and SAF2017-84060-R-AEI/FEDER-UE, to LD); the “Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR” (2017 SGR-669, to RM; 2017 SGR-734, to JMFR; 2017-SGR-738, to BC); the “ICREA-Acadèmia” (2020, to RM, 2021, to BC, and 2022, to JMFR); the “European Commission-DG Research” (PainFact, H2020-SC1-2019-2-RTD-848099, QSPain Relief, H2020-SC1-2019-2-RTD-848068, to RM; CoCA, H2020-667302, and Eat2beNICE, H2020-728018, to BC); the Spanish “Instituto de Salud Carlos III, RETICS-RTA” (RD16/0017/0020, to RM; FIS PI15/01934, PI18/01022, PI21/01361, to JMFR); the Spanish “Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas” (PNSD- 2021I076, to RM; PNSD-2019I006, to EMG; PNSD-2017I050, to BC; PNSD-2020I042, to NFC); the “Fundació La Marató-TV3” (2016/20-30, to EMG); the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0099) under a grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT), to AB; and the Project ThinkGut (EFA345/19), 65% co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-France-Andorra programme (POCTEFA 2014-2020)

Objectives: To assess the clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder (PD) from other eating disorder (ED) diagnoses. Method: Participants included 3127 women consecutively admitted to an ED treatment centre (246 PD, 465 anorexia nervosa restrictive [AN‐R], 327 AN‐binge purging [AN‐BP], 1436 bulimia nervosa [BN], 360 binge eating disorder [BED], 177 atypical AN and 116 unspecified feeding or eating disorder [UFED]) who were diagnosed according to DSM‐5 criteria. Additionally, 822 control participants were recruited from the community. All participants completed measures assessing ED symptoms (EDI‐2), general psychopathology (SCL‐90‐R) and personality (TCI‐R). Results: Patients with PD, when compared to controls, scored significantly higher on the EDI‐2 and SCL‐90‐R, and most TCI‐R dimensions. Most of the significant differences between PD and the other ED diagnoses emerged between PD and AN‐R, followed by Atypical‐AN, UFED, AN‐BP and BED, with patients with PD typically reporting higher scores on the EDI‐2 and SCL‐90‐R subscales. Significant differences between PD and BN were also present, but to a lesser extent. The findings for personality varied amongst the different ED diagnoses. Conclusions: PD is a clinically significant disorder, which seems to be more similar to BN than it is to AN and the other ED subtypes.

Impulsivity, as a multidimensional construct, has been linked to eating disorders (EDs) and may negatively impact treatment response. The study aimed to identify the dimensions of impulsivity predicting poor remission of ED symptoms. A total of 37 ED patients underwent a baseline assessment of impulsive personality traits and inhibitory control, including the Stroop task and the emotional go/no-go task with event-related potentials (ERPs) analysis. The remission of EDs symptomatology was evaluated after 3 months of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and at a 2-year follow-up. Poor remission after CBT was predicted by poor inhibitory control, as measured by the Stroop task. At 2 years, the risk of poor remission was higher in patients with higher novelty seeking, lower inhibitory control in the Stroop and in ERPs indices (N2 amplitudes) during the emotional go/no-go task. The present results highlight inhibitory control negatively impacting both short- and long-term symptomatology remission in ED patients. On the other hand, high novelty seeking and ERPs indices of poor inhibition seem to be more specifically related to long-term remission. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the impulsivity dimension in patients with ED is recommended to tailor treatments and improve their efficacy.

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Infermeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2021-2022, Tutor: Montserrat Solà Pola, Introducció: Aquest treball final de grau consisteix en el procés de creació i aplicació d’una intervenció infermera en dos Instituts d’Educació Secundària Obligatòria (ESO) d’Esplugues de Llobregat. Ha estat dissenyat d’acord amb les necessitats detectades per part dels professionals de salut i adaptat a les diferents característiques dels adolescents de la zona. Els dos grans eixos de la intervenció han estat l’alimentació saludable i els Trastorns de Conducta Alimentària (TCA). S’ha dut a terme mitjançant la modalitat d’Aprenentatge i Servei (ApS) dins del marc del Programa Salut i Escola (PSiE). Objectiu: Dissenyar i aplicar una intervenció educativa adreçada als adolescents de 3r i 4t d’ESO de l’Escola Utmar i l’Institut Joanot Martorell d’Esplugues de Llobregat, basada en la promoció d’hàbits d’alimentació saludable i en el desenvolupament de capacitats i recursos personals en referència als TCA. Metodologia: S’elabora una intervenció educativa seguint el model de planificació d’Educació per la Salut (EpS), el qual s’aplicarà en l’àmbit escolar i en horari lectiu, a través d’una sessió de dues hores per cada grup classe. Avaluació: Es detecta una manca d’instruments per avaluar la intervenció, però, tot i aquest dèficit, s’assoleixen, en gran mesura, els objectius específics plantejats.

After the COVID-19 lockdown, a ‘new normal’ was established, involving a hybrid lifestyle that combined face-to-face with virtual activity. We investigated, in a case-control study, the impact of the ‘new normal’ on daily sleep and eating routines, compared with pre-pandemic conditions. To do this, we propose using social and eating jet lag as markers of the regularity in daily routines. Additionally, we studied whether the ‘new normal’ had an impact on the body mass index (BMI), diet quality, and other health-related variables. This study included 71 subjects in the pre-pandemic group, and 68 in the ‘new normal’ group (20–30 years). For all participants, we evaluated social and eating jet lag, BMI, diet and sleep quality, eating behaviors, physical activity, and well-being. General linear models were used to compare outcome variables between pre-pandemic and ‘new normal’ groups. The results revealed that the ‘new normal’ was associated with greater regularity in daily sleep and eating routines (−0.7 h of social jet lag (95% CI: −1.0, −0.4), and −0.3 h of eating jet lag (95% CI: −0.5, −0.1)), longer sleep duration on weekdays (1.8 h (95% CI: 1.5, 2.2)), and lower sleep debt (−1.3 h (95% CI: −1.7, −0.9)). Regarding BMI and other health-related variables, we observed that these variables were similar between ‘new normal’ and pre-pandemic groups. These findings indicate that the ‘new normal’ had a positive impact on daily sleep and eating routines. Additionally, our results indicated that the ‘new normal’ offered college students a more sustainable lifestyle, which was associated with more hours of sleep during the week and lower sleep debt. This, in the long run, could have a positive impact on BMI and overall health.

This Final Degree Project is about setting up an association, called Associació E5ence, related to assistance to mental illnesses (such as anorexia and other diseases) with minimum cost to the client. Today's society, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many cases of mental and food diseases have arisen due to the different consequences of lockdown. This Final Degree Project is an idea of the business model: to provide the service of nutritionists, nurses, specialized doctors, psychologists, psychiatrists and personal trainers to all those citizens who need to get out of this problem, for a minimum payment at the beginning of the treatment. In addition, it will deliver several talks and conferences in Girona, Baix Empordà and Alt Empordà, which will give voice to this problem.

Disordered eating, unhealthy weight-control behaviours and body dissatisfaction are associated with diminished mental health. A key aspect that has been identified for the development of disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction is to be teased. Additionally, the literature suggests that weight may affect the relationship between weight-teasing and disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, although this pattern is unclear. This study presents two cross-sectional studies with an adult and an adolescent sample. The adolescent sample comprised 15,224 participants, and the adult sample comprised 321 participants, all from Spain. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Aims: to assess the relations among disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, weight, and weight-teasing among adolescents and adults; and to examine whether weight-teasing, weight, age, and gender predict disordered eating and body dissatisfaction in adults and adolescents. The results showed that adolescent girls presented greater effects, and all interactions were significant between weight-teasing and eating disorders. Adults also showed greater effects for women, and only eating disorder interactions were significant. Weight-control behaviours did not show any relationship with weight-teasing. Conclusion: Different approaches may be used in the prevention of eating disorders. Our results show that weight-teasing affects adults differently from adolescents.

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) deterioran considerablemente la salud física a la vez que alteran el ámbito psicosocial por lo que producen efectos devastadores en el rendimiento deportivo. Esta enfermedad posee una mayor prevalencia entre mujeres y deportistas. En la danza, al tratarse de una disciplina en la que la imagen corporal es fundamental, la incidencia de TCA es algo que sucede con mucha frecuencia. Els Trastorns de la Conducta Alimentària (TCA) deterioren considerablement la salut física alhora que alteren l'àmbit psicosocial pel que produeixen efectes devastadors en el rendiment esportiu. Aquesta malaltia posseeix una major prevalença entre dones i esportistes. En la dansa, en tractar-se d'una disciplina en la qual la imatge corporal és fonamental, la incidència de TCA és una cosa que succeeix amb molta freqüència. Eating Disorders (ED) considerably deteriorate physical health while altering the psychosocial environment, thus producing devastating effects on sports performance. This disease is more prevalent among women and athletes. In dance, being a discipline in which body image is fundamental, the incidence of ED is something that happens very often.

Data Availability Statement: Individuals may inquire with Fernández-Aranda regarding availability of the data as there is ongoing studies using the data. To avoid overlapping research efforts, Fernández-Aranda will consider a request on a case-by-case basis., Background. The COVID-19 lockdown has had a significant impact on mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) have been particularly vulnerable. Aims. (1) To explore changes in eating-related symptoms and general psychopathology during lockdown in patients with an ED from various European and Asian countries; and (2) to assess differences related to diagnostic ED subtypes, age, and geography. Methods. The sample comprised 829 participants, diagnosed with an ED according to DSM-5 criteria from specialized ED units in Europe and Asia. Participants were assessed using the COVID-19 Isolation Scale (CIES). Results. Patients with binge eating disorder (BED) experienced the highest impact on weight and ED symptoms in comparison with other ED subtypes during lockdown, whereas individuals with other specified feeding and eating disorders (OFSED) had greater deterioration in general psychological functioning than subjects with other ED subtypes. Finally, Asian and younger individuals appeared to be more resilient. Conclusions. The psychopathological changes in ED patients during the COVID-19 lockdown varied by cultural context and individual variation in age and ED diagnosis. Clinical services may need to target preventive measures and adapt therapeutic approaches for the most vulnerable patients., Fondo Investigacion Sanitario-FIS, Grant/Award Numbers: FIS, INT19/00046, PI17/01167; Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Grant/Award Number: PSI2015-68701-R; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant, Grant/Award Number: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Generalitat de Catalunya; European Regional Development Fund., We thank CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for institutional support. This manuscript and research was supported by grants from the Department of Health of the Generalitat de Catalunya by the call Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS, SLT006/17/00077), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PSI201568701R), Fondo de Investigación Sanitario (FIS) (INT19/00046, PI17/01167, PI20/132), CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00009) and co-funded by FEDER funds /European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), a way to build Europe (Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879). CIBEROBN, CIBERSAM, CIBERINFEC and CIBERDEM are all initiatives of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). GMB is supported by a postdoctoral grant from FUNCIVA. PPM was supported, in part, by a Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology grant (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028145). IB was partially supported by a Post-Residency Grant from the Research Committee of the University Hospital of Bellvitge (HUB; Barcelona, Spain) 2020–2021. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Background and aims: theoretical background and previous data provide some similarities between problematic gambling and eating behaviors, and a theoretically increased clinical severity in individuals suffering from both conditions. However, large datasets are lacking, and therefore, the present study aimed to study, in a nationwide register material, psychiatric comorbidity, age and gender in gambling disorder (GD) patients with or without eating disorder (ED). Methods: diagnostic data from a nationwide register were used, including all individuals with a GD diagnosis in specialized health care in Sweden, in the years 2005-2016 (N = 2,099). Patients with GD and an ED diagnosis (n = 57) were compared to GD patients without ED. Results: patients with GD+ED were significantly more likely than other GD patients to also have a diagnosis of drug use disorder, depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, other mood disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and neuropsychiatric disorders, when controlling for gender. In logistic regression, a comorbid ED in GD was associated with female gender, younger age, depressive disorder and personality disorders. Discussion and conclusion: in nationwide register data, despite the low number of GD+ED patients, GD patients with ED appear to have a more severe psychiatric comorbidity than GD patients without ED. The combined GD+ED conditions may require particular screening and clinical attention, as well as further research in larger and longitudinal studies.

Some eating patterns, such as restrained eating and uncontrolled eating, are risk factors for eating disorders. However, it is not yet clear whether they are associated with neurocognitive differences. In the current study, we analyzed whether eating patterns can be used to classify participants into meaningful clusters, and we examined whether there are neurocognitive differences between the clusters. Adolescents (n = 108, 12 to 17 years old) and adults (n = 175, 18 to 40 years old) completed the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, which was used to classify participants according to their eating profile using k means clustering. Participants also completed personality questionnaires and a neuropsychological examination. A subsample of participants underwent a brain MRI acquisition. In both samples, we obtained a cluster characterized by high uncontrolled eating patterns, a cluster with high scores in restrictive eating, and a cluster with low scores in problematic eating behaviors. The clusters were equivalent with regards to personality and performance in executive functions. In adolescents, the cluster with high restrictive eating showed lower cortical thickness in the inferior frontal gyrus compared to the other two clusters. We hypothesize that this difference in cortical thickness represents an adaptive neural mechanism that facilitates inhibition processes.

Background and aims Food addiction (FA) and substance use (SU) have frequently been reported in patients with eating disorders (EDs). Our study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of FA and/or lifetime problematic alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with specific ED, such as: bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED). We sought to identify clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles involved in these addictive behavior-based phenotypes. Methods The total sample was 527 patients (176 BN, 115 BED, and 236 OSFED). FA was assessed through the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. To determine lifetime SU, a semi-structured clinical interview was carried out. Results Patients with BN had the highest rates of FA both with and without SU. No gender differences were obtained for the prevalence of current FA and/or lifetime SU. Patients reporting at least one addictive-related behavior exhibited increased clinical severity compared to those who reported none. Increased impulsivity (such as high lack of premeditation, sensation seeking, and positive urgency) and low self-directedness were differentiating factors for presenting one or two addictive behaviors. Discussion and Conclusions Overall, patients presenting with at least one addictive-like behavior reported a poorer clinical status than those without. Also, patients with FA and SU exhibited a more dysfunctional profile characterized by high impulsivity and low self-directedness. These findings would support the need for targeted treatments to reduce impulsivity and increase self-directedness, especially in patients with any addictive-related behavior, as a step towards improving their treatment outcome.

Previous studies indicated that meaning in life was inversely associated with eating behaviors and a negative attitude toward food, body satisfaction, and borderline symptoms. However, research on the association between meaning in life and eating disorder psychopathology is scarce, and there are no studies on the association between meaning in life and the eating disorder psychopathology depending on the diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to verify whether meaning in life is differentially associated with a broad range of psychopathology symptoms commonly observed in people with ED, depending on the diagnosis, in a sample of 240 ED patients. We found that meaning in life was negatively associated with eating behaviors and a negative attitude toward food, body satisfaction, borderline symptoms, and hopelessness in all types of eating disorders, regardless of the specific diagnosis. Moreover, the association with meaning in life was different depending on the type of eating disorders. Specifically in the participants with Anorexia Nervosa Restrictive, meaning in life had a higher percentage of explained variance in the eating disorders psychopathology (between 30% and 65%). Therefore, these results seem to indicate that, although meaning in life is an important variable in all the eating disorders subtypes, it is especially relevant in participants with the Anorexia Nervosa Restrictive subtype.

La insatisfacción corporal es uno de los factores predisponentes de los trastornos de conducta alimentaria (TCA) y las distorsiones perceptivas del tamaño corporal es un criterio diagnóstico de estos. Actualmente, se han desarrollado intervenciones online para reducir los factores de riesgo de los TCA. El objetivo de este trabajo es llevar a cabo una revisión de la literatura científica sobre el tratamiento de la imagen corporal en los TCA desde la terapia online y poner de manifiesto los avances generados. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos PsycNET, Scopus y Web of Science. La búsqueda se centró en revisar los programas de intervención para TCA con TIC en el tratamiento de la imagen corporal en TCA. Se encontraron 9 artículos cuyos resultados indican la existencia de diversos programas online como eBody Project, Student Bodies, Set Your Body Free y Healthy Body Image sobre imagen corporal. Los resultados indican, por un lado, que eBody Project y Student Bodies se asocian a una reducción significativa de síntomas de TCA y, por otro lado, Healthy Body Image y Set Your Body Free mostraron mejoras ligeramente significativas en el tratamiento de la imagen corporal para bulimia y trastorno por atracón. La investigación es escasa y presenta muchas limitaciones. Es necesario continuar investigando sobre programas de tratamiento online para la imagen corporal y los TCA ya que el uso de Internet cuenta con múltiples ventajas. Body dissatisfaction is one of the predisposing factors of eating disorders (ED) and perceptual distortions of body size are a diagnostic criterion of these. Currently, online interventions have been developed to reduce the risk factors of ED. The aim of the work is to carry out a review of the scientific literature on the treatment of body image in ED from online therapy and to show the progress made. A search was made in PsycNET, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The search focused on reviewing intervention programs for ED with ICTs for the treatment of the body image in ED. We found 9 articles whose results indicate the existence of several online programs such as eBody Project, Student Bodies, Set Your Body Free and Healthy Body Image about body image. The results indicate, on the one hand, that the eBody Project and the Student Bodies are associated with a reduction in symptoms of eating disorders and, on the other hand, Healthy Body Image and Set Your Body Free showed slightly significant improvements in the treatment of body image for bulimia and binge eating disorder. Research is scarce and has limitations. It is necessary to continue investigating online treatment programs for body image and ED since the use of the Internet has many advantages.

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, forcing countries around the world to confine their population to halt the rapid spread of the virus. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in dietary habits and lifestyle during the COVID-19 lockdown a specific population with academic and professional knowledge in food sciences from Spain. An online questionnaire, based on 41 items, including sociodemographic data, dietary habits, food-related behaviors, and lifestyle were distributed using academic and institutional mailing lists and social media. Results showed a higher intake of fruit and vegetables, legumes, eggs, fish, and yogurt together with a decrease in consumption of alcoholic beverages between before and during the lockdown period. Nevertheless, an increase in consumption of some fruitive foods and an increase in self-reported weight were also observed, although in lower percentages than in other populations. A worse sleep quality and an increase in working hours and sitting time were also reported. Overall, trends towards healthier dietary habits were observed within the study sample during COVID-19 confinement period. Keywords: COVID-19; college students; coronavirus; dietary habits; e-survey; food sciences; lifestyle; lockdown.

Se ha detectado una sobre información respecto a los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria vinculados a la población adolescente que enmascara los riesgos y problemas reales que puedan tener personas adultas con este tipo de enfermedades. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo la creación de un vídeo educacional, basado en los hábitos de salud sobre todo alimenticios que tienen las mujeres de edad media, el cual provoque un cambio en sus comportamientos de manera física y mental. La metodología se ha centrado en la búsqueda bibliográfica a través de bases de datos, principalmente Medline y Scielo, de las cuales se ha extraído escasa información debido a la poca investigación respecto a las personas adultas y sus conductas alimentarias en relación con los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria. Para completar y contrastar la información obtenida se ha diseñado una encuesta que nos permite observar y detectar los patrones que más se repiten en la población diana respecto a unos hábitos no saludables, que pueden desencadenar factores de riesgo para los TCA. Por último, gracias a la metodología se ha llegado a la conclusión de que es necesaria la implementación de la herramienta creada para la educación de la población diana respecto a las conductas alimentarias y enseñar y dar visibilidad a los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y sus consecuencias. PALABRAS CLAVE: trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), hábitos alimenticios, mujeres. An over-information has been detected regarding Eating Disorders linked to the adolescent population that masks the risks and real problems thar adults with this type of disease may have. The purpose of this Final Degree Project is the creation of an educational video based on health habits, in detail dietary habits, of middle-aged women that it makes a change in their mental and physical behavior. The methodology has focused on the bibliographic search through databases, mainly Medline and Scielo, from which little information has been extracted due to the little research regarding adults and their eating behaviors in relation to Disorders of the Eating behavior. To complete and contrast the information obtained, a survey has been designed that allows us to observe and detect the patterns that are most repeated in the target population regarding unhealthy habits, which can trigger risk factors for eating disorders. Finally, thanks to the methodology, it has been concluded that it is necessary to implement the tool created for the education of the target population regarding eating behaviors and to teach and give visibility to eating disorders and their consequences. KEY WORDS: eating disorders, dietary habits, women Grau en Infermeria

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a global pandemic, the number of cases and deaths has risen rapidly, forcing countries around the world to confine their population in order to control the virus's spread. In this study, changes in dietary habits and lifestyle during the Covid-19 lockdown from March to June 2020 have been evaluated in a specific Spanish population with an academic knowledge of food sciences. An online questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic data, dietary habits, food-related behaviours and lifestyle was distributed among professionals and students in the field of food sciences. During the lockdown, this population reported a significant increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, eggs, fish, and yogurt, along with a decrease in the intake of alcoholic beverages. Nevertheless, there was also an increase in the consumption of salty snacks, chocolate and homemade pastries. Poor sleep quality and increased working hours and sitting time were also reported. Overall, the studied population showed trends towards healthier dietary habits during the Covid-19 lockdown in comparison with the general population.

Las tecnologías y los medios de comunicación (MC) está en constante crecimiento, al igual que los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), y estos son un problema de salud pública, principalmente en adolescentes. Este estudio pretende analizar la influencia de los MC en el desarrollo de TCA en adolescentes. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal con 134 adolescentes (61 chicos y 73 chicas) de 12-19 años del IES de Monterroso (Lugo). Se midió el riesgo de TCA con el Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (>20 puntos) y la influencia de los MC en la insatisfacción corporal con el Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Se incluyeron también diez preguntas de creación propia. Encontramos que un 11,1% de la muestra está en riesgo de desarrollar un TCA (6,6% de los hombres y el 15,1% de las mujeres). No se encontraron diferencias significas en función del género, la edad o el lugar de residencia. Principalmente utilizan Instagram y TikTok como MC. Por otro lado, cuanto mayor es la influencia de los MC sobre la apariencia física, mayor es la probabilidad de desarrollar un TCA, teniendo las mujeres una mayor influencia de estos. Además, a mayor edad, mayor es la influencia de los MC sobre la insatisfacción corporal. No se ha podido demostrar qué MC influyen más en el desarrollo de TCA. Se encontró un mayor riesgo en el uso de TikTok e Instagram, y los/as adolescentes consideran que ambas son las que más influyen en cómo se sienten con su cuerpo. Technologies and media are constantly growing, as are eating disorders, and these are a public health problem, mainly in adolescents. This study aims to analyze the influence of media in the development of eating disorders in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 134 adolescents (61 boys and 73 girls) aged 12-19 from the IES of Monterroso (Lugo). The risk of eating disorder was measured with the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (>20 points) and the influence of media on body dissatisfaction with the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Ten self-created questions were also included. We found that 11.1% of the sample is at risk of developing an eating disorder (6.6% of men and 15.1% of women). No significant differences were found according to gender, age or place of residence. They mainly use Instagram and TikTok as media. On the other hand, the greater the influence of media on physical appearance, the greater the likelihood of developing an eating disorder, with women having a greater influence from them. In addition, the older, the greater the influence of media on body dissatisfaction. It has not been possible to demonstrate which media has the most influence on the development of eating disorder. A greater risk was found in the use of TikTok and Instagram, and the teenagers/s consider that both are the most influential in how they feel with their body. Les tecnologies i els mitjans de comunicació (MC) està en constant creixement, igual que els trastorns de la conducta alimentària (TCA), i aquests són un problema de salut pública, principalment en adolescents. Aquest estudi pretén analitzar la influència dels MC en el desenvolupament de TCA en adolescents. S'ha realitzat un estudi transversal amb 134 adolescents (61 nois i 73 noies) de 12-19 anys de l'IES de Monterroso (Lugo). Es va mesurar el risc de TCA amb el Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (>20 punts) i la influència dels MC en la insatisfacció corporal amb el Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4). Es van incloure també deu preguntes de creació pròpia. Trobem que un 11,1% de la mostra està en risc de desenvolupar un TCA (6,6% dels homes i el 15,1% de les dones). No es van trobar diferències signifiques en funció del gènere, l'edat o el lloc de residència. Principalment utilitzen Instagram i TikTok com MC. D'altra banda, com més gran és la influència dels MC sobre l'aparença física, major és la probabilitat de desenvolupar un TCA, tenint les dones una major influència d'aquests. A més, a major edat, major és la influència dels MC sobre la insatisfacció corporal. No s'ha pogut demostrar què MC influeixen més en el desenvolupament de TCA. Es va trobar un major risc en l'ús de TikTok i Instagram, i els/as adolescents consideren que ambdues són les que més influeixen en com se senten amb el seu cos.

Treballs Finals de Grau de Nutrició Humana i Dietètica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Campus de l'Alimentació de Torribera, Universitat de Barcelona. Curs: 2020-2021. Tutor: Maria Clara Prata Gaspar, [cat] Els mitjans de comunicació són fonts d’imatges idealitzades i representacions del cos femení de manera sexualitzada i cosificada. La pressió social que pateixen les dones per encaixar als estàndards de bellesa s’ha inscrit en els discursos mèdics, que articulen el cos prim com a ideal però també com a sa. De manera simultània, les societats occidentals es troben amb una epidèmia d’obesitat mentre que els trastorns de conducta alimentària van en augment. El conglomerat de discursos sobre el cos crea missatges confusos i contradictoris que generen malestars corporals, traduint-se en una mala relació amb el menjar i en trastorns. En aquest estudi, es fa una anàlisi qualitativa i quantitativa del contingut dels anuncis de televisió a partir de la perspectiva de la semiòtica, destacant els discursos que es generen sobre el cos femení. S’ha vist com els anuncis promocionen el cos prim i l’autovigilància, però també perpetuen els estereotips i rols de gènere i la norma de la cisheterosexualitat. Cal una perspectiva de gènere i interseccional en l’estudi de les patologies relacionades amb l’alimentació, a més d’una contextualització socioeconòmica i cultural., [eng] The media is a great source of idealized images and sexualized and objectified depictions of the female body. The social pressure women suffer to fit beauty standards has been inscribed in medical discourses, which articulates the thin body as ideal but also as healthy. At the same time, Western societies are facing an obesity epidemic while food behaviour disorders are on the increase. The conglomerate of body discourses creates confused and contradictory messages that generate body anxiety, resulting in a bad relationship with food and eating disorders, mostly suffered by women. In this study, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of 153 television commercials is carried out, 4 of which have been analyzed from the perspective of semiotics, highlighting the speeches generated around the female body. The results show how advertising promotes the thin body and self-surveillance, but it also perpetuates stereotypes and gender roles and the cisheterosexuality norm. A gender and intersection perspective is required in the study of food-related pathologies, as well as a socioeconomic and cultural contextualization.

The association between lifetime weight fluctuations and clinical characteristics has been widely studied in populations with eating disorders (ED). However, there is a lack of literature examining the potential role of weight course as a transdiagnostic factor in ED so far. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare ED severity and treatment outcomes among four specific BMI profiles based on BMI-trajectories across the lifespan: (a) persistent obesity (OB-OB, (n = 74)), (b) obesity in the past but currently in a normal weight range (OB-NW, n = 156), (c) normal weight throughout the lifespan (NW-NW, n = 756), and (d) current obesity but previously at normal weight (NW-OB, n = 314). Lifetime obesity is associated with greater general psychopathology and personality traits such as low persistence and self-directedness, and high reward dependence. Additionally, greater extreme weight changes (NW-OB and OB-NW) were associated with higher psychopathology but not with greater ED severity. Higher dropout rates were found in the OB-OB group. These results shed new light on the BMI trajectory as a transdiagnostic feature playing a pivotal role in the severity and treatment outcome in patients with ED.

Eating disorders and substance use disorders frequently co-occur. Twin studies reveal shared genetic variance between liabilities to eating disorders and substance use, with the strongest associations between symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and problem alcohol use (genetic correlation [rg], twin-based=0.23-0.53). We estimated the genetic correlation between eating disorder and substance use and disorder phenotypes using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Four eating disorder phenotypes (anorexia nervosa [AN], AN with binge-eating, AN without binge-eating, and a BN factor score), and eight substance-use-related phenotypes (drinks per week, alcohol use disorder [AUD], smoking initiation, current smoking, cigarettes per day, nicotine dependence, cannabis initiation, and cannabis use disorder) from eight studies were included. Significant genetic correlations were adjusted for variants associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). Total sample sizes per phenotype ranged from ~2,400 to ~537,000 individuals. We used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic correlations between eating disorder and substance-use-related phenotypes. Significant positive genetic associations emerged between AUD and AN (rg=0.18; false discovery rate q=0.0006), cannabis initiation and AN (rg=0.23; qwith binge-eating (rg=0.27; q=0.0016). Conversely, significant negative genetic correlations were observed between three non-diagnostic smoking phenotypes (smoking initiation, current smoking, and cigarettes per day) and AN without binge-eating (rgs=-0.19 to −0.23; qs

Background and aims Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (ER) are related to the etiology and maintenance of several psychological disorders, including Eating Disorders (ED) and Gambling Disorder (GD). This study explored the existence of latent empirical groups between both disorders, based on ER difficulties and considering a set of indicators of personality traits, the severity of the disorder, and psychopathological distress. Methods The sample included 1,288 female and male participants, diagnosed with ED (n = 906) and GD (n = 382). Two-step clustering was used for the empirical classification, while analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for the comparison between the latent groups. Results Three empirical groups were identified, from the most disturbed ER profile (Subgroup 1) to the most functional (Subgroup 3). The ER state showed a linear relationship with the severity of each disorder and the psychopathological state. Different personality traits were found to be related to the level of emotion dysregulation. Discussion and conclusion In this study, three distinct empirical groups based on ER were identified across ED and GD, suggesting that ER is a transdiagnostic construct. These findings may lead to the development of common treatment strategies and more tailored approaches.

This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites (SNS) use and to explore whether SNS use is associated with body image disturbances and low self-esteem. A total of 2601 women living in Spain aged 14-35 years completed questionnaire measures of SNS use, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. In the survey, participants were asked about their use of SNS at the moment of answering the survey and before lockdown. A statistically significant increase was found in the frequency of use of all studied SNS (Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Twitter and Facebook) during lockdown, as well as in the number of women following appearance-focused Instagram accounts. Moreover, significant relationships were found between the frequency of Instagram use and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and low self-esteem in the younger age group (14-24), and between the frequency of Instagram use and drive for thinness in the older age group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram was related to body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in the younger group, and only to drive for thinness in the older group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram and a higher frequency of use of Instagram significantly predicted higher levels of drive for thinness. These results suggest that lockdown has had an impact on SNS use, and this might be linked to increased drive for thinness and eating disorder risk among adolescents and young women.

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) have increased globally in women of childbearing age, related to the concern for body shape promoted in industrialized countries. Pregnancy may exacerbate a previous ED or conversely may be a chance for improving eating patterns due to the mother's concern for the unborn baby. EDs may impact pregnancy evolution and increase the risk of adverse outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm delivery, poor fetal growth, or malformations, but the knowledge on this topic is limited. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies on humans in order to clarify the mechanisms underpinning the adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with EDs. Results: Although unfavorable fetal development could be multifactorial, maternal malnutrition, altered hormonal pathways, low pre-pregnancy body mass index, and poor gestational weight gain, combined with maternal psychopathology and stress, may impair the evolution of pregnancy. Environmental factors such as malnutrition or substance of abuse may also induce epigenetic changes in the fetal epigenome, which mark lifelong health concerns in offspring. Conclusions: The precocious detection of dysfunctional eating behaviors in the pre-pregnancy period and an early multidisciplinary approach comprised of nutritional support, psychotherapeutic techniques, and the use of psychotropics if necessary, would prevent lifelong morbidity for both mother and fetus. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed in order to design a structured intervention during every stage of pregnancy and in the postpartum period.

Introduction Binge eating disorder (BED) is a common psychiatric diagnosis characterized by the presence of episodes of loss of control over food consumption. Understanding the neurocognitive factors associated with binge eating pathology might help to design clinical strategies aimed at preventing or treating BED. However, results in the field are notably heterogeneous. In the current study, we aimed to establish whether binge eating behaviors (both at a clinical and at a non-clinical level) are associated with executive functions. Methods We performed a pre-registered meta-analysis to examine the link between executive functions, BED, and uncontrolled eating, a psychobiological construct closely associated with binge eating behaviors. Articles were searched on PubMed and the main exclusion criteria were lack of information about participants’ age or sex distribution or adiposity measurements, studies performed in older populations (age > 65 years old) or studies including participants with purging symptoms. Results Relative to healthy controls, patients with BED showed lower performance in executive functions, with a small effect size. At the same time, uncontrolled eating patterns were not associated with differences in executive functions. Neither age nor body mass index (BMI) influenced these results. Conclusions Our findings suggest that there is no association between performance in executive functions and variations along the non-clinical spectrum of binge eating behaviors. Small deficits in executive functions, however, seem to appear in individuals showing severe binge eating symptoms, that is, individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for BED. We speculate that the close links between BED and emotional distress could partly explain these results.

Objective: The current multicentre randomized controlled trial assessed the clinicalefficacy of a combined mHealth intervention for eating disorders (EDs) based on cog-nitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Method: A total of 106 ED patients from eight different public and private mentalhealth services in Spain were randomly assigned to two parallel groups. Patients ofthe experimental group (N = 53) received standard face-to-face CBT plus a mobileintervention through an application called “TCApp,” which provides self-monitoringand an online chat with the therapist. The control group (N = 53) received standard face-to-face CBT only. Patients completed self-report questionnaires on ED symp-tomatology, anxiety, depression, and quality of life, before and after treatment.Results: Significant reductions in primary and secondary outcomes were observedfor participants of both groups, with no differences between groups. Results alsosuggested that the frequency with which patients attended their referral mentalhealth institution after the intervention was lower for patients in the experimentalgroup than for those in the control group.Discussion: The current study showed that CBT can help to reduce symptoms relat-ing to ED, regardless of whether its delivery includes online components in additionto traditional face-to-face treatment. Besides, the additional component offered bythe TCApp does not appear to be promising from a purely therapeutic perspectivebut perhaps as a cost-effective tool, reducing thus the costs and time burden associ-ated with weekly visits to health professionals. The current study is part of a broader project titled “mHealth: Chal-lenges and opportunities for health systems” which receives funding from RecerCaixa of “La Caixa” Foundation.

In a feasibility trial comparing two forms of combined inhibitory control training and goal planning (i.e., food-specific and general) among patients with bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED), we found evidence of symptomatic benefit, with stronger effects among participants receiving a food-specific intervention. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in behavioral outcomes and event-related potentials (ERPs; N2 and P3 amplitudes) from baseline to post-intervention that might suggest the mechanisms underpinning these effects. Fifty-five participants completed go/no-go tasks during two electroencephalography (EEG) sessions, at baseline and post-intervention. The go/no-go task included “go” cues to low energy-dense foods and non-foods, and “no-go” cues to high energy-dense foods and non-foods. Datasets with poor signal quality and/or outliers were excluded, leaving 48 participants (N= 24 BN;N= 24 BED) in the analyses. Participants allocated to the food-specific, compared to the general intervention group, showed significantly greater reductions in reaction time to low energy-dense foods, compared to non-foods, by post-intervention. Commission errors significantly increased from baseline to post-intervention, regardless of stimulus type (food vs. non-food) and intervention group (food-specific vs. general). There were no significant changes in omission errors. P3 amplitudes to “no-go” cues marginally, but non-significantly, decreased by post-intervention, but there was no significant interaction with stimulus type (high energy-dense food vs. non-food) or intervention group (food-specific vs. general). There were no significant changes in N2 amplitudes to “no-go” cues, N2 amplitudes to “go” cues, or P3 amplitudes to “go” cues from baseline to post-intervention. Training effects were only marginally captured by these event-related potentials. We discuss limitations to the task paradigm, including its two-choice nature, ease of completion, and validity, and give recommendations for future research exploring ERPs using inhibitory control paradigms.

Introducció: Els adolescents són la població vulnerable quan parlem de Trastorns de Conducta Alimentària (TCA), una malaltia mental de difícil diagnòstic i tractament freqüent a l’actualitat, regida i alimentada pels estrictes cànons de bellesa de la societat i basada en la falta de coneixements d’estil de vida saludable. Marc teòric: Entre els tipus de TCA trobem l’Anorèxia Nerviosa (AN) i Bulímia Nerviosa (BN) com els més freqüents i practicats, però qualsevol TCA pot provocar alteracions orgàniques, des d’aparició de borrissol pel cos fins la mort. És competència dels professionals sanitaris formar als joves per prevenir i detectar precoçment la incidència d’aquesta patologia. D’aquesta manera s’ha desenvolupat un programa d’Educació Per a la Salut (EpS) destinat a sanitaris, per dotar-los de coneixements i facilitant-los eines per a garantir la seva tasca a les escoles i instituts. Metodologia: Per a la creació d’aquest treball s’ha realitzat una cerca acurada sobre prevenció i detecció de TCA en diferents bases de dades. A nivell estructural s’ha utilitzat com a model el llibre “Educación para la Salud: Elabora un programa en 8 etapas”. Disseny del programa: Aquest treball permet la realització d’un projecte, amb activitats teòriques i pràctiques, que fomenta la creativitat i anima a la creació de tallers per dur-los a terme en un futur amb l’objectiu de crear consciència a la població i en conseqüència, reduir els casos de TCA a Igualada, Catalunya, en un període de 5 anys. Conclusions: “Talla’l” permet en la població que el llegeixi iniciar tallers per a prevenir i educar sobre la patologia malgrat cal realitzar més estudis per obtenir informació més acurada, és necessari tenir en compte les limitacions que s’han presentat. Introducción: Los adolescentes son la población vulnerable cuando hablamos de Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA), una enfermedad mental de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento frecuente en la actualidad, regida y alimentada por los estrictos cánones de belleza de la sociedad y basada en la falta de conocimientos de estilo de vida saludable. Marco teórico: Entre los tipos de TCA encontramos la Anorexia Nerviosa (AN) y Bulimia Nerviosa (BN) como los más frecuentes y practicados, pero cualquier TCA puede provocar alteraciones orgánicas, desde aparición de vello por el cuerpo hasta la muerte. Es competencia de los profesionales sanitarios formar a los jóvenes para prevenir y detectar precozmente la incidencia de esta patología. De esta manera se ha desarrollado un programa de Educación Para la Salud (EpS) destinado a sanitarios, para dotarlos de conocimientos y facilitándoles herramientas para garantizar su labor en las escuelas e institutos. Metodología: Para la creación de este trabajo se ha realizado una búsqueda precisa sobre prevención y detección de TCA en diferentes bases de datos. A nivel estructural se ha utilizado como modelo el libro "Educación para la Salud: Elabora un programa en 8 etapas". Diseño del programa: Este trabajo permite la realización de un proyecto, con actividades teóricas y prácticas, que fomenta la creatividad y anima a la creación de talleres para llevarlos a cabo en un futuro con el objetivo de crear conciencia en la población y, en consecuencia, reducir los casos de TCA en Igualada, Cataluña, en un período de 5 años. Conclusiones: “Talla’l” permite en la población que lo lea iniciar talleres para prevenir y educar sobre la patología, pero hay que realizar más estudios para obtener información más detallada y cabe tener en cuenta las limitaciones que se han presentado. Introduction: Teenagers are the most affected group of people when we talk about Eating Disorders (ED), this is a mental illness with a difficult diagnostic and treatment, in addition is really common nowadays, fed by strict cannons of beauty from society and based on lack of knowledge about healthy lifestyle. Context: Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, are the most frequent and practiced types of ED, but any of them can provoke organic pathologies sometimes even death. Health professionals have the responsibility to teach them to prevent and detect early incidence of the pathology. For this reason, it has been developed a Health Education Program aim to health professionals, to equip them with knowledge and facilitate strategies to ensure their work in middle school and high school. Methodology: To create this project it is been used an accurate research about prevention and detection of ED in different databases. Structurally the model has been “Educación para la Salud: Elabora un programa en 8 etapas”. Program design: This work allows the realization of a project, with theoretical and practical activities, that promotes creativity and encourages the creation of workshops to implement in the future with the aim of creating awareness in the population, otherwise reducing cases of ED in the region of Igualada, Catalonia, in a period of 5 years. Conclusions: Talla’l allows people to start education and prevention activities about the pathology, but more studies are needed to obtain more accurate information and it is necessary to consider the limitations of the study.

BackgroundAlthough deficits in affective processing are a core component of anorexia nervosa (AN), we lack a detailed characterization of the neurobiological underpinnings of emotion regulation impairment in AN. Moreover, it remains unclear whether these neural correlates scale with clinical outcomes.MethodsWe investigated the neural correlates of negative emotion regulation in a sample of young women receiving day-hospital treatment for AN (n = 21) and healthy controls (n = 21). We aimed to determine whether aberrant brain activation patterns during emotion regulation predicted weight gain following treatment in AN patients and were linked to AN severity. To achieve this, participants completed a cognitive reappraisal paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skin conductance response, as well as subjective distress ratings, were recorded to corroborate task engagement.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with AN showed reduced activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during cognitive reappraisal [pFWEr = −0.511, p = 0.018) and eating disorder severity (r = −0.565, p = .008) in the AN group. Finally, dlPFC activity positively correlated with increases in body mass index (r = 0.471, p = 0.042) and in body fat mass percentage (r = 0.605, p = 0.008) following 12 weeks of treatment.ConclusionsTaken together, our findings indicate that individuals with AN present altered fronto-amygdalar response during cognitive reappraisal and that this response may serve as a predictor of response to treatment and be linked to clinical severity.

Les relacions afectivo-sexuals es poden veure afectades per un Trastorn de la Conducta Alimentària (TCA), tot i això, rarament es tenen en compte en els tractaments psicològics. L’objectiu principal de l’estudi és aprofundir en les relacions afectivo-sexuals d’una mostra de dones de la Unitat de Patologies Alimentàries de la Clínica Bofill. S’ha dut a terme a través d’ entrevistes individuals, de les quals se n’obtenen resultats que indiquen que diversos aspectes, com la imatge corporal o l’autoestima, entre d’altres, poden modular l’experiència sexoafectiva de les participants. Com a conclusió, s’evidencia la rellevància de les relacions afectivo-sexuals en TCA i la importància de la seva consideració en el tractament d’aquests trastorns. Aquest estudi ha mostrat la necessitat de promocionar l’educació afectivo-sexual per a tractar amb normalitat i sense tabús la sexoafectivitat, que probablement, aporti una millora a la qualitat de vida de les persones afectades.