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Some autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are preceded by a critical subclinical phase of disease activity. Proactive clinical management is hampered by a lack of biological understanding of this subclinical 'at-risk' state and the changes underlying disease development. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal multi-omics study of peripheral immunity in the autoantibody-positive at-risk for RA period, we identified systemic inflammation, proinflammatory-skewed B cells, expanded Tfh17-like cells, epigenetic bias in naive T cells, TNF+IL1B+ monocytes resembling a synovial macrophage population, and CD4 T cell transcriptional features resembling those suppressed by abatacept (CTLA4-Ig) in RA patients. Our findings characterize pathogenesis prior to clinical diagnosis and suggest the at-risk state exhibits substantial immune alterations that could potentially be targeted for early intervention to delay or prevent autoimmunity. We provide a suite of tools at https://apps.allenimmunology.org/aifi/insights/ra-progression/ to facilitate exploration and enhance accessibility of this extensive dataset.

Here, the novel technique of extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection (XR-HERFD) has successfully observed the n = 2 satellite in manganese to a high accuracy. The significance of the satellite signature presented is many hundreds of standard errors and well beyond typical discovery levels of three to six standard errors. This satellite is a sensitive indicator for all manganese-containing materials in condensed matter. The uncertainty in the measurements has been defined, which clearly observes multiple peaks and structure indicative of complex physical quantum-mechanical processes. Theoretical calculations of energy eigenvalues, shake-off probability and Auger rates are also presented, which explain the origin of the satellite from physical n = 2 shake-off processes. The evolution in the intensity of this satellite is measured relative to the full Kα spectrum of manganese to investigate satellite structure, and therefore many-body processes, as a function of incident energy. Results demonstrate that the many-body reduction factor S 0 2 should not be modelled with a constant value as is currently done. This work makes a significant contribution to the challenge of understanding many-body processes and interpreting HERFD or resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra in a quantitative manner., (open access.)

Along with the inherent remarkable properties of graphene, adatom-intercalated graphene-related systems are expected to exhibit tunable electronic properties. The metal-based atoms could facilitate multi-orbital hybridizations with the out-of-plane π-bondings on the carbon honeycomb lattice, which dominate the fundamental properties of chemisorption systems. In this work, using first-principles calculations, the feature-rich properties of alkali-metal intercalated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are investigated, including edge passivation, stacking configurations, intercalation sites, stability, charge density distribution, magnetic configuration, and electronic properties. There exists a transformation from finite gap semiconducting to metallic behaviors, indicating enhanced electrical conductivity. It arises from the cooperative or competitive relations among the significant chemical bonds, finite-size quantum confinement, edge structure, and stacking order. Moreover, the decoration of edge structures with hydrogen and oxygen atoms is considered to provide more information about the stability and magnetization due to the ribbons' effect. These findings will be helpful for experimental fabrication and measurements for further investigation of GNR-based materials.

Low-cost adsorbents derived from agricultural by-products incorporated magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising for wastewater treatment. They are always preferred due to their great performance and easy separation. This study reports cobalt superparamagnetic (CoFe 2 O 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated with triethanolamine (TEA) based surfactants from cashew nut shell liquid, namely TEA-CoFe 2 O 4 , for the removal of chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions. To have detailed characteristics of the morphology and structural properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were employed. The fabricated TEA-CoFe 2 O 4 particles exhibit soft and superparamagnetic properties, which make the nanoparticles easily recycled by using a magnet. Chromate adsorption on the TEA-CoFe 2 O 4 nanomaterials reached an optimal efficiency of 84.3% at pH = 3 with the initial adsorbent dose of 10 g/L and chromium (VI) concentration of 40 mg/L. The TEA-CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles can maintain the effective adsorption of chromium (VI) ion (by 29% of efficiency loss) and retain the magnetic separation using a magnet up to three cycles of the regeneration, which promise a high potential of this low-cost adsorbent for long-term treatment of heavy metal ions from polluted waters., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The discovery of a new physical process in manganese metal is reported. This process will also be present for all manganese-containing materials in condensed matter. The process was discovered by applying our new technique of XR-HERFD (extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection), which was developed from the popular high-resolution RIXS (resonant inelastic X-ray scattering) and HERFD approaches. The acquired data are accurate to many hundreds of standard deviations beyond what is regarded as the criterion for `discovery'. Identification and characterization of many-body processes can shed light on the X-ray absorption fine-structure spectra and inform the scientist on how to interpret them, hence leading to the ability to measure the dynamical nanostructures which are observable using the XR-HERFD method. Although the many-body reduction factor has been used universally in X-ray absorption spectroscopy in analysis over the past 30 years (thousands of papers per year), this experimental result proves that many-body effects are not representable by any constant reduction factor parameter. This paradigm change will provide the foundation for many future studies and X-ray spectroscopy., (open access.)

Nanosilica is a versatile nanomaterial suitable as, e.g., drug carriers in medicine, fillers in polymers, and fertilizer/pesticide carriers and potentially a bioavailable source of silicon in agriculture. The enhanced biological activity of nanosilica over quartz sand has been noted before; it is directly related to the altered physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles compared to those of the bulk material. Therefore, it is feasible to use nanosilica as a form of plant stimulant. Nanosilica synthesis is a relatively cheap routine process on the laboratory scale; however, it is not easily scalable. Largely for this reason, studies of nanosilica fertilizers are scarce. This study will focus on industrial-scale silica nanoparticle production and the application of nanosilica as a plant stimulant in maize. A variant of the sol-gel method is used to successfully synthesize nanosilica particles starting from silica sand. The resulting particles are in the size range of 16-37 nm with great purity. The potential of nanosilica as a plant stimulant is demonstrated with the increased quantity and quality of maize crops., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Macrophages are essential for tissue repair and regeneration. Yet, the molecular programs, as well as the timing of their activation during and after tissue injury are poorly defined. Using a high spatio-temporal resolution single cell analysis of macrophages coupled with live imaging after sensory hair cell death in zebrafish, we find that the same population of macrophages transitions through a sequence of three major anti-inflammatory activation states. Macrophages first show a signature of glucocorticoid activation, then IL-10 signaling and finally the induction of oxidative phosphorylation by IL-4/Polyamine signaling. Importantly, loss-of-function of glucocorticoid and IL-10 signaling shows that each step of the sequence is independently activated. Lastly, we show that IL-10 and IL-4 signaling act synergistically to promote synaptogenesis between hair cells and efferent neurons during regeneration. Our results show that macrophages, in addition to a switch from M1 to M2, sequentially and independently transition though three anti-inflammatory pathways in vivo during tissue injury in a regenerating organ., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) in the mammalian inner ear leads to permanent hearing and vestibular defects, whereas loss of HCs in zebrafish results in their regeneration. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of HC regeneration in zebrafish at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We uncovered three sequentially activated modules: first, an injury/inflammatory response and downregulation of progenitor cell maintenance genes within minutes after HC loss; second, the transient activation of regeneration-specific genes; and third, a robust re-activation of developmental gene programs, including HC specification, cell-cycle activation, ribosome biogenesis, and a metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation. The results are relevant not only for our understanding of HC regeneration and how we might be able to trigger it in mammals but also for regenerative processes in general. The data are searchable and publicly accessible via a web-based interface., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine for adolescents was recommended as an effective prevention strategy of HPV-related cancers. In Vietnam, HPV vaccination has not been introduced to male adolescent. This study was conducted to examine the acceptance of having boys vaccinated against HPV and its underlying reasoning, and to identify their parent's willingness to pay (WTP) for HPV vaccination in central Vietnam. 785 parents of boys were directly interviewed based on a structured questionnaire. Parent's acceptability of HPV vaccine for their sons was identified by one question with response on 3-point scale (agree, don't know, and disagree). Multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine contributing factors to participant's acceptance. Bidding game method was applied to elicit WTP values for HPV vaccination with initial bid of 161.2 USD. The results showed that 49.2% of parents agreed to have their sons vaccinated against HPV. Factors that influenced parent's acceptance including son's age older than 12 years ( OR = 1.5; 95% CI : 1.08-1.98); being eldest son ( OR = 1.6; 95% CI : 1.13-2.19), being mother ( OR = 1.4; 95% CI : 1.01-1.91), parents with high educational level ( OR = 1.7; 95% CI : 1.11-2.47) and their knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine ( OR = 1.8; 95% CI : 1.23-2.65). Average WTP value for full doses of HPV vaccine was 137.5 USD, ranging between 9 USD and 188.3 USD. Parents' knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine was the only factor affecting WTP value (Rho: 0.11; p -value: 0.030). The findings suggest a strategy be introduced for HPV vaccination to male adolescents in Vietnam., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Nguyen, Le, Le and Tran.)

The garnet-type Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO) ceramic solid electrolyte combines high Li-ion conductivity at room temperature with high chemical stability. Several all-solid-state Li batteries featuring the LLZO electrolyte and the LiCoO 2 (LCO) or LiCoO 2 -LLZO composite cathode were demonstrated. However, all batteries exhibit rapid capacity fading during cycling, which is often attributed to the formation of cracks due to volume expansion and the contraction of LCO. Excluding the possibility of mechanical failure due to crack formation between the LiCoO 2 /LLZO interface, a detailed investigation of the LiCoO 2 /LLZO interface before and after cycling clearly demonstrated cation diffusion between LiCoO 2 and the LLZO. This electrochemically driven cation diffusion during cycling causes the formation of an amorphous secondary phase interlayer with high impedance, leading to the observed capacity fading. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis using density functional theory confirms the possibility of low- or non-conducting secondary phases forming during cycling and offers an additional explanation for the observed capacity fading. Understanding the presented degradation paves the way to increase the cycling stability of garnet-based all-solid-state Li batteries.

Background: While internal migrants in Vietnam have been a key driving force in the country's rapid economic development, they also face many vulnerabilities. Our study seeks to explore possible inequalities in housing and working conditions between local and internal migrant industrial workers in Vietnam., Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with 1200 industrial workers in four regions of Vietnam. Dependent variables included housing conditions (satisfaction with convenience of accommodation, sanitation and water of accommodation, and accommodation in general) and working conditions (satisfaction with income, monthly income, number of hazardous working conditions, and work-related stress measured through the modified Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire). The primary independent variable is migrant status. Covariates included region, gender, education, marital status, accommodation status, living arrangements, industry, age, monthly income, experience, and working hours., Results: Of the sample, 24.7% (n=296) were migrants. Overall, no differences were found regarding housing conditions by migrant status. In adjusted regression models, migrants reported higher numbers of hazardous working conditions (β=0.07, 95%CI=0.01-0.13, p=.01) and higher monthly income (β=0.05, 95%CI=0.01-0.09, p=.02)., Discussion: Recent state-level changes in the Vietnamese household registration system may explain the lack of differences in housing conditions by migrant status. Future research should utilize longitudinal designs to examine impacts over time of state policy on migrants' housing conditions as well as well-being. Regarding working conditions, findings highlight the need for stronger social protection policy and better information channels on occupational health and safety for migrants. Further research, including qualitative studies, is needed to explore why migrants face more hazardous working conditions.

Background: The mid-life emergence of higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) for women than for men has been observed in different Western and Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is evidence of this in Vietnam and, if so, whether it can be explained by ageing, by body size and fatness, or by socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural factors., Methods: Participants (n = 14706, 50.9% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Linear regression was used to assess the independent contributions of potential explanatory factors to mean levels of TC. Data were analysed using complex survey methods., Results: Men and women had similar mean levels of body mass index (BMI), and men had modestly higher mean levels of waist circumference (WC), in each 5-year age category. The mean TC of women increased more or less continuously across the age range but with a step-up at age 50 years to reach higher concentrations on average than those of their male counterparts. The estimated step-up was not eliminated by adjustment for anthropometric indices including BMI or WC, or by adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors. The estimated step-up was least for women with the greatest weight., Conclusion: There is a marked step-up in TC at age 50 years for Vietnamese women that cannot be explained by their age, or by their body fatness or its distribution, or by their socio-demographic characteristics or behavioural factors, and which results in greater mean levels of TC for middle-aged women than for their male counterparts in Vietnam., Competing Interests: The data are the property of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Persons wishing to have access to the data should contact Dr. Luong Ngoc Khue, Director, Medical Services Administration, Ministry of Health, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, No.138A Giang Vo Street, Ba Dinh District, Ha Noi City, email: khuebyt@yahoo.com. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

An effective adsorbent of methylene blue was synthesized from coal fly ash (FA; waste material from a coal power plant) by a denaturing process with an alkaline solution at 90 °C. The denatured fly ash (D-FA) has a surface area and pore volume of 66.39 m 2 g -1 and 15.33 cm 3 g -1 , respectively, whereas the values of the original FA are negligible, i.e. , 3.55 m 2 g -1 and 0.02 cm 3 g -1 . The removal of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution by D-FA was increased in the range of initial MB concentration (10-20 mg L -1 ); contact time (0-120 min); pH (2-8); D-FA dosage (1-4 g L -1 ). However, a larger value of those operational parameters would not improve the removal activity. Furthermore, the methylene blue adsorption on the denatured FA was fitted with the Langmuir model with R 2 = 0.9991; the maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 28.65 mg g -1 from the model. Overall, the highest removal efficiency of MB using D-FA with the dosage of 4 g L -1 was 97.1% in 30 mg L -1 solution of methylene blue at pH = 7. The alkaline hydrothermal denaturation of waste FA is a promising approach to produce an adsorbent with beneficial environmental engineering applications., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The aim of the study was to assess the presence of genes in ESBL-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec) isolated from retail raw food in Nha Trang, Vietnam. A total of 452 food samples comprising chicken (n = 116), pork (n = 112), fish (n = 112) and shrimp (n = 112) collected between 2015 and 2017 were examined for the prevalence of ESBL-Ec. ESBL-Ec were detected in 46.0% (208/452) of retail food samples, particularly in 66.4% (77/116), 55.4% (62/112), 42.0% (47/112) 19.6% (22/112) of chicken, pork, fish and shrimp, respectively. Sixty-five out of the 208 (31.3%) ESBL-Ec isolates were positive for mcr genes including mcr-1, mcr-3 and both mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes in 56/208 (26.9%), 1/208 (0.5%) and 8/208 (3.9%) isolates, respectively. Particularly, there was higher prevalence of mcr-1 in ESBL-Ec isolates from chicken (53.2%, 41/77) in comparison to shrimp (22.7%, 5/22), pork (11.3%, 7/62) and fish (6.4%, 3/47). mcr-3 gene was detected in co-existence with mcr-1 in ESBL-Ec isolates from shrimp (9.1%, 2/22), pork (8.1%, 5/62) and fish (2.1%, 1/47) but not chicken. The 65 mcr-positive ESBL-Ec (mcr-ESBL-Ec) were colistin-resistant with the MICs of 4-8 μg/mL. All mcr-3 gene-positive isolates belonged to group A, whereas phylogenetic group distribution of isolates harboring only mcr-1 was B1 (44.6%), A (28.6%) and D (26.8%). PFGE analysis showed diverse genotypes, although some isolates demonstrated nearly clonal relationships. S1-PFGE and Southern hybridization illustrated that the mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes were located either on chromosomes or on plasmids. However, the types of mcr genes were harbored on different plasmids with varied sizes of 30-390 kb. Besides, the ESBL genes of CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9 were also detected to be located on plasmids. Noteworthy, co-location of CTX-M-1 with mcr-1 or mcr-3 genes on the same plasmid was identified. The conjugation experiment indicated that the mcr-1 or mcr-3 was horizontally transferable. All mcr-ESBL-Ec isolates were multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes). Moreover, β-Lactamase-encoding genes of the CTX-M-1 (78.5%), CTX-M-9 (21.5%), TEM (61.5%) groups were found in mcr-ESBL-Ec. The astA gene was detected in 27 (41.5%) mcr-ESBL-Ec isolates demonstrating their potential virulence. In conclusion, mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes existed individually or concurrently in ESBL-Ec isolates recovered from retail raw food in Nha Trang city, which might further complicate the antimicrobial-resistant situation in Vietnam, and is a possible health risk for human., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Adatom-adsorbed graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have gained much attention owing to the tunable electronic and magnetic properties. The metal (Bi, Al)/transition metal (Ti, Fe, Co, Ni) atoms could provide various outermost orbitals for the multi-orbital hybridizations with the out-of-plane π bondings on the carbon honeycomb lattice, which dominate the fundamental properties of chemisorption systems. In this study, the significant similarities and differences among Bi-/Al-/Ti-/Fe-/Co-/Ni-adsorbed GNRs are thoroughly investigated by using the first-principles calculations. The main characterizations include the adsorption sites, bond lengths, stability, band structures, charge density distributions, spin- and orbital-projected density of states, and magnetic configurations. Furthermore, there exists a transformation from finite gap semiconducting to metallic behaviors, accompanied by the nonmagnetism, antiferromagnetism, or ferromagnetism. They arise from the cooperative or competitive relations among the significant chemical bonds, finite-size quantum confinement, edge structure, and spin-dependent many-body effects. The proposed theoretical framework could be further improved and generalized to explore other emergent 1D and 2D materials.

The three-dimensional ternary Li 2 GeO 3 compound presents various unusual essential properties. The main features are thoroughly explored from the first-principles calculations. The concise pictures, the critical orbital hybridizations in Li-O and Ge-O bonds, are clearly examined through the optimal geometric structure, the atom-dominated electronic energy spectrum, the spatial charge densities, the atom and orbital-decomposed van Hove singularities, and the strong optical responses. The unusual optical transitions cover the red-shift optical gap, various frequency-dependent absorption structures and the most prominent plasmon mode in terms of the dielectric functions, energy loss functions, reflectance spectra, and absorption coefficients. Optical excitations, depending on the directions of electric polarization, are strongly affected by excitonic effects. The close combinations of electronic and optical properties can identify a significant orbital hybridization for each available excitation channel. The developed theoretical framework will be very useful in fully understanding the diverse phenomena of other emergent materials.

Dietary lipids could modify fatty acid (FA) composition in fish tissues. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaneoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are able to modulate the immune status in fish through an inflammatory process but their availability may be limited when fish are exclusively fed plant oils. This study was conducted to evaluate how to maximise the utilisation of dietary plant oil for an efficient inflammatory response in common carp head kidney leukocytes (HKLs) exposed to a gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS). HKLs were isolated from fish fed cod liver oil (CLO), linseed oil (LO), sesame oil (SO) a blend of SO and LO (SLO, v:v 1:1), and these plant oil diets supplemented with DHA (SO + DHA, SOD) or ARA (LO + ARA, LOA) for 6 weeks. Cells were then exposed to LPS at a dose of 10 μg/mL for 4 and 24 h. Peroxidase activity, total Ig, and NO levels were measured in the culture medium, while cells were used for expression analyses of candidate genes in pattern recognition (tlr-4), eicosanoid metabolism (pge2, 5-lox), pro-inflammatory (il-1, il-6, il-8, tnf-α, nf-kb, inos, cxc), anti-inflammatory (il-10, nf-kbi, tgf-β1) responses, and cytoprotective (gpx-1, prdx-3) processes. Results showed that LPS induced significantly inflammatory responses, evidenced by a high level of almost all the targeted humoral immune parameters and/or gene expression. Expression of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators was upregulated after 4 h-LPS exposure and reverted to basal levels after 24 h. HKLs from fish fed SLO, LOA, or SOD diet exhibited a more efficient regulation of acute inflammatory processes than those fed CLO diet. The results indicate that the immune competence of fish fed plant oil mixture was comparable to the one of fish fed fish oil diet. Moreover, the supplementation of ARA or DHA induced similar immunomodulation in common carp., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The essential properties of monolayer silicene greatly enriched by boron substitutions are thoroughly explored through first-principles calculations. Delicate analyses are conducted on the highly non-uniform Moire superlattices, atom-dominated band structures, charge density distributions and atom- and orbital-decomposed van Hove singularities. The hybridized 2 p z -3 p z and [2s, 2 p x , 2 p y ]-[3s, 3 p x , 3 p y ] bondings, with orthogonal relations, are obtained from the developed theoretical framework. The red-shifted Fermi level and the modified Dirac cones/ π bands/ σ bands are clearly identified under various concentrations and configurations of boron-guest atoms. Our results demonstrate that the charge transfer leads to the non-uniform chemical environment that creates diverse electronic properties., Competing Interests: We declare we have no competing interests., (© 2020 The Authors.)

The diverse structural and electronic properties of the Si-adsorbed and -substituted monolayer graphene systems are studied by a complete theoretical framework under the first-principles calculations, including the adatom-diversified geometric structures, the Si- and C-dominated energy bands, the spatial charge densities, variations in the spatial charge densities and the atom- and orbital-projected density of states (DOSs). These critical physical quantities are unified together to display a distinct physical and chemical picture in the studying systems. Under the Si-adsorption and Si-substitution effects, the planar geometric structures are still remained mainly owing to the very strong C-C and Si-C bonds on the honeycomb lattices, respectively. The Si-adsorption cases can create free carriers, while the finite- or zero-gap semiconducting behaviors are revealed in various Si-substitution configurations. The developed theoretical framework can be fully generalized to other emergent layered materials. The Si-doped graphene systems might be a highly promising anode material in the lithium-ion battery owing to its rich potential properties.

The rich and unique properties of the stage- n graphite alkali-metal-intercalation compounds are fully investigated by first-principles calculations. According to the main features, the lithium and non-lithium (Na, K, Rb, Cs) systems are quite different from each other in stacking configurations, intercalant alkali-metal-atom concentrations, free conduction electron densities, atom-dominated and (carbon, alkali metal)-co-dominated energy bands, and interlayer charge density distributions. The close relations between the alkali-metal-doped metallic behaviors and the geometric symmetries are clarified through the interlayer atomic interactions. The stage-1 graphite alkali-metal-intercalation compounds possess the highest charge distribution for all stage- n types; moreover, those of the lithium systems are greater than those of the non-lithium systems. The lithium systems also have the largest blue shift of the Fermi level among all alkali metal systems., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Sodium, magnesium, and aluminum adatoms, which possess one, two, and three valence electrons, respectively, in terms of 3s, 3s 2 , and (3s 2 , 3p) orbitals, are very suitable for helping us understand adsorption-induced diverse phenomena. In this work, the revealing properties of metal (Na/Mg/Al)-adsorbed graphene systems are investigated by means of the first-principles method. The single- and double-sided chemisorption cases, the various adatom concentrations, the hollow/top/valley/bridge sites, and the buckled structures are taken into account. The hollow and valley adsorptions that correspond to the Na/Mg and Al cases, respectively, create extremely nonuniform environments. This leads to diverse orbital hybridizations in Na/Mg/Al-Si bonds, as indicated by the Na/Mg/Al-dominated bands, as well as the spatial charge density distributions and the orbital-projected density of states (DOS). Out of three types of metal-adatom adsorptions, the Al-adsorption configurations produce the strongest chemical modifications. The ferromagnetic configurations have been shown to survive only in specific Mg and Al adsorptions, but not in the Na cases. The presented theoretical predictions could be verified experimentally, and potential applications are discussed. Additionally, important similarities and differences with graphene-related systems are examined., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.)

Density functional theory is applied to investigate the reductive reactions of reductive-type additive, 1,3-propane sultone (PS), on the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) near the lithium-ion battery anode surface. Different from the studies that mostly focus on the reduction dissociation of a specific molecule, we adopt an iterative method that systematically considered most possible reactants from the environment in every round of the reaction. The thermodynamically favorable reaction in each round was chosen. Its products then proceed to the following step. At least four iterations of reactions were calculated. The favorable products in each round were then analyzed to understand the trend of the series reactions. With the iterative method, the compounds in every reaction round can be inspected in detail. The method not only predicted the compounds that are consistent with those observed in the experiments but also provide insights into how PS forms an effective SEI. In the solvent state, the most stable reduction states of PS and electrolyte ethylene carbonate (EC) are confirmed as the initial reactants further interact with the environment supplies. First, with the addition of PS, the reduction of PS is prior to EC, which would suppress the reduction of EC and decrease the generation of ethene gas. Second, the compounds from the initial reaction round of PS are lithiated ones and show higher reduction ability than that of EC, while the latter show lower reduction ability than that of the EC, which terminated the reactions. This would be the critical properties for reductive-type additive to form an effective SEI film., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.)

Background : Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation substantially reduce industrial workers' productivity and performance. This study was performed to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation and identify associated factors among industrial workers in different provinces of Vietnam. Materials and Methods : We performed a cross-sectional study in industrial zones of four provinces of Vietnam. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was employed to screen depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine factors related to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Results : Of 1200 industrial workers, 30.5% and 33.6% industrial workers had positive depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the last two weeks, respectively. There were 38.3% ever using mental health services in the last 12 months. High school education (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.44-0.95); living in dormitory (OR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.51-6.24), living with siblings (OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.32-6.75), having two children or more (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.03-2.03), high years of experience (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.89-0.98), suffering from burnout, alcohol use disorder (OR = 2.38; 95% CI = 1.72-3.28), and smoking status (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.23-0.61) were associated with positive depressive symptoms. Living with children, working in mechanical/metallurgy/electronics factories, completely exhausted and often thinking of quitting, and alcohol use disorder were positively related to suicidal ideation. Conclusions : This study found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among industrial workers in Vietnam. Regular screening and detecting high-risk groups, along with interventions to reduce health risk behaviors, burnout and on-site medical service quality improvement, are recommended to alleviate the burden of depression in industrial workers.

The revealing properties of transition metal (T)-doped graphene systems are investigated with the use of the first-principles method. The detailed calculations cover the bond length, position and height of adatoms, binding energy, atom-dominated band structure, adatom-induced free carrier density as well as energy gap, spin-density distributions, spatial charge distribution, and atom-, orbital- and spin-projected density-of-states (DOS). The magnetic configurations are clearly identified from the total magnetic moments, spin-split energy bands, spin-density distributions and spin-decomposed DOS. Moreover, the single- or multi-orbital hybridizations in T-C, T-T, and C-C bonds can be accurately deduced from the careful analyses of the above-mentioned physical quantities. They are responsible for the optimal geometric structure, the unusual electronic properties, as well as the diverse magnetic properties. All the doped systems are metals except for the low-concentration Ni-doped ones with semiconducting behavior. In contrast, ferromagnetism is exhibited in various Fe/Co-concentrations but only under high Ni-concentrations. Our theoretical predictions are compared with available experimental data, and potential applications are also discussed., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Diverse magnetic and electronic properties of halogen-adsorbed silicene are investigated by the first-principle theoretical framework, including the adatom-diversified geometric structures, atom-dominated energy bands, spatial spin density distributions, spatial charge density distributions and its variations, and orbital-projected density of states. Also, such physical quantities are sufficient to identify similar and different features in the double-side and single-side adsorptions. The former belongs to the concentration-depended finite gap semiconductors or p-type metals, while the latter display the valence energy bands with/without spin-splitting intersecting with the Fermi level. Both adsorption types show the halogen-related weakly dispersed bands at deep energies, the adatom-modified middle-energy σ bands, and the recovery of low-energy π bands during the decrease of the halogen concentrations. Such feature-rich band structures can be verified by the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiment.

The dramatic changes in electronic and magnetic properties are investigated using the first-principles calculations for halogen(X: Cl, Br, I, At)-adsorbed graphene nanoribbons. The rich and unique features are clearly revealed in the atoms-dominated electronic band structures, spin arrangement/magnetic moment, spatial charge distribution, and orbital- and spin-projected density of states. Halogen adsorptions can create the non-magnetic, ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic metals, being mainly determined by concentrations and edge structures. The number of holes per unit cell increases with the adatom concentrations. Furthermore, magnetism becomes nonmagnetic when the adatom concentration is beyond 60% adsorption. There are many low-lying spin-dependent van Hove singularities. The diversified properties are attributed to the significant X-C bonds, the strong X-X bonds, and the adatom- and edge-carbon-induced spin states.

A single clinic measurement of blood pressure (BP) may be common in low- and middle-income countries because of limited medical resources. This study aimed to examine the potential misclassification error when only one BP measurement is used. Participants (n = 14,706, 53.5% females) aged 25-64 years were selected by multistage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces, each representing one of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. Measurements were made using the World Health Organization STEPS protocols. Data were analyzed using complex survey methods. For systolic BP, 62.7% had a higher first reading whereas 30.0% had a lower first reading, and 27.3% had a reduction of at least 5 mmHg whereas 9.6% had an increase of at least 5 mmHg. Irrespective of direction of change, increased variability in BP was associated with greater age, urban living, greater body size and fatness, reduced physical activity levels, elevated glucose, and raised total cholesterol. These measurement variations would lead to substantial misclassification in diagnosis of hypertension based on a single reading because almost 20% of subjects would receive a different diagnosis based on the mean of two readings., (Copyright © 2018 American Heart Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Waist circumference (WC) is an indicator of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, high levels of which confer an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. Population data on WC should be more informative than data on body mass index (BMI), which is a general indicator of body size. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of WC relative to BMI in cross-sectional relationships with blood pressure (BP), glucose, and total cholesterol (TC) in the adult population of Vietnam., Methods: The data were collected in a population-based survey conducted during 2009-10 using the "WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable disease" (STEPS) methodology. The survey participants (n = 14 706 aged 25 to 64 years) were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from eight provinces representative of the eight geographical regions of Vietnam. All measurements were performed in accordance with the STEPS protocols. All analyses were performed using complex survey methods., Results: The measurements of WC and BMI were highly correlated (men r = 0.80, women r = 0.77). For men, the strongest and predominant associations with BP, glucose, and TC were for WC or an index based on WC. For women, this was true for glucose but BMI was more important for BP and TC. WC or an index based on WC provided better discrimination than BMI of hypertension and elevated glucose, and of raised TC for men. Information on four new anthropometric indices did not improve model fit or subject discrimination., Conclusion: For BP/hypertension, glucose/elevated glucose, and TC/raised TC, WC was more informative than BMI for Vietnamese men, but both WC and BMI were important for Vietnamese women. Both WC and BMI need to be assessed for estimation of CVD risk in Vietnam., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

The significant halogenation effects on the essential properties of graphene are investigated by the first-principles method. The geometric structures, electronic properties, and magnetic configurations are greatly diversified under the various halogen adsorptions. Fluorination, with the strong multi-orbital chemical bondings, can create the buckled graphene structure, while the other halogenations do not change the planar s bonding in the presence of single-orbital hybridization. Electronic structures consist of the carbon-, adatom- and (carbon, adatom)-dominated energy bands. All halogenated graphenes belong to holedoped metals except that fluorinated systems are middle-gap semiconductors at sufficiently high concentration. Moreover, the metallic ferromagnetism is revealed in certain adatom distributions. The unusual hybridization-induced features are clearly evidenced in many van Hove singularities of density of states. The structure- and adatom-enriched essential properties are compared with the measured results, and potential applications are also discussed.

The feature-rich electronic and magnetic properties of fluorine-doped graphene nanoribbons are investigated by the first-principles calculations. They arise from the cooperative or competitive relations among the significant chemical bonds, finite-size quantum confinement and edge structure. There exist C-C, C-F, and F-F bonds with multi-orbital hybridizations. Fluorine adatoms can create p-type metals or concentration- and distribution-dependent semiconductors, depending on whether the π bonding is seriously suppressed by the top-site chemical bonding. Furthermore, five kinds of spin-dependent electronic and magnetic properties cover the non-magnetic and ferromagnetic metals, non-magnetic semiconductors, and anti-ferromagnetic semiconductors with/without spin splitting. The diverse essential properties are clearly revealed in the spatial charge distribution, spin density, and orbital-projected density of states.

Background: Dengue endangers billions of people in the tropical world, yet no therapeutic is currently available. In part, the severe manifestations of dengue reflect inflammatory processes affecting the vascular endothelium. In addition to lipid lowering, statins have pleiotropic effects that improve endothelial function, and epidemiological studies suggest that outcomes from a range of acute inflammatory syndromes are improved in patients already on statin therapy., Methods: Following satisfactory review of a short pilot phase (40 mg lovastatin vs placebo in 30 cases), we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 5 days of 80 mg lovastatin vs placebo in 300 Vietnamese adults with a positive dengue NS1 rapid test presenting within 72 hours of fever onset. The primary outcome was safety. Secondary outcomes included comparisons of disease progression rates, fever clearance times, and measures of plasma viremia and quality of life between the treatment arms., Results: Adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both groups (97/151 [64%] placebo vs 82/149 [55%] lovastatin; P = .13), and were in keeping with the characteristic clinical and laboratory features of acute dengue. We also observed no difference in serious adverse events or any of the secondary outcome measures., Conclusions: We found lovastatin to be safe and well tolerated in adults with dengue. However, although the study was not powered to address efficacy, we found no evidence of a beneficial effect on any of the clinical manifestations or on dengue viremia. Continuing established statin therapy in patients who develop dengue is safe.Chinese Clinical Trials Registration. ISRCTN03147572., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.)