Search

Tu HK Trinh,1 Chi N Duong,2 Tu HT Pham,3 Hao DT Au,3 Loc T Tran,3 Cuong V Nguyen,3 Han BG Nguyen,3 Nguyen M Tran,3 Quy Q Phan,3 Thu NA Le,3 Nga Nguyen4 1Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 2University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; 4Hasaki Clinic, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamCorrespondence: Tu HK Trinh, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 217 Hong Bang Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Tel +84-906 927 123, Email kim.tu.vn@ump.edu.vnPurpose: Increasing seafood consumption is associated with more frequent reports of food allergy. Little is known about seafood allergy (SFA) among adults in Vietnam. We investigated the characteristics of individuals with SFA and the risk factors for severe SFA.Patients and methods: A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted among individuals aged ≥ 18 years from universities in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) between December 2021 and July 2022. The survey was based on a structured, validated questionnaire related to FA. Strict definitions of “convincing allergy” were used. Multivariate analysis was used to estimate the risk factors for severe SFA after adjusting for covariates. Data were analyzed using JASP (v.0.16.3) and SPSS (v.22.0).Results: Totally, 1038 out of 2137 (48.57%) individuals completed the questionnaire, of whom 285 (27.46%) had reported SFA. Convincing SFA accounted for 20.13% (209/1038) of the cases, with convincing shellfish allergy being more common than fish allergy. Participants with comorbid shellfish and fish allergy had higher prevalence of atopic dermatitis, peanut/nut allergy, other food allergy, and cutaneous and upper airway symptoms compared to participants with shellfish allergy (p < 0.05). The spectrum of reactive seafood was diverse and characterized by local species. The age of symptom onset was most commonly during late childhood and adolescence, with most reactions persisting into adulthood. A history of anaphylaxis, comorbid peanut, and tree nut allergy, and ≥ 3 allergens were associated with severe SFA.Conclusion: Features of causative, coexisting seafood allergy, and risk factors for severe SFA were demonstrated, which can provide a reference for future studies.Keywords: seafood allergy, shellfish allergy, fish allergy, Vietnam

This phase 3 trial compared safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of the self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, ARCT-154, with ChAdOx1-S adenovirus-vector vaccine. In four centers in Vietnam adult participants aged 18‒85 years were randomly assigned to receive two doses, 28 days apart, of either ARCT-154 (n = 1186) or ChAdOx1-S (n = 1180). Both vaccines were well tolerated with similar safety and reactogenicity profiles consisting of mainly mild-to-moderate solicited adverse events and few related serious adverse events. Higher neutralizing antibody responses persisting to one-year post-vaccination after ARCT-154 compared with ChAdOx1-S were associated with a generally higher efficacy against COVID-19. In an exploratory analysis relative vaccine efficacy of ARCT-154 vs. ChAdOx1-S against any COVID-19 from Day 36 to Day 394 was 19.8% (95% CI: 4.0-33.0). Self-amplifying mRNA vaccine offers potential immunological advantages in terms of immunogenicity and efficacy over adenovirus-vector vaccine without compromising safety., Competing Interests: Competing interests: S.G.H., R.B., X.L., C.V., R.S., D.B.., and I.S. are or were all full-time employees of the vaccine manufacturer and study sponsor, Arcturus Therapeutics, Inc. T.T.L.L. and N.T.V. are employees of the vaccine licensee, Vietnam Biocare Biotechnology Jointstock Company. The remaining authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: We conducted a study titled for Investigation on the characteristics of 24-hour blood pressure (BP) dipping patterns in hypertensive stroke patients., Methods: Descriptive research, analysis, and comparison, the research was conducted from July 2019 to September 2020 at the Vietnam Heart Institute - Bach Mai Hospital. There are 100 patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypertension who were divided into two groups (without stroke complications and another group with chronic stroke complications > 6 weeks), both groups were similar in age (45-64 years old)., Results: The daytime systolic BP (SBP) indices, 24-hour BP including SBP, diastolic BP (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and particularly night-time BP indices were elevated in the stroke group compared with those without stroke complications (p < 0.05); there were no significant differences observed in daytime DBP and MAP between the two groups. SBP indices were higher in those with hemorrhage stroke compared with those with ischemic stroke, albeit without statistical significance. The prevalence of non-dipper was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with the non-stroke group (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: The daytime SBP indices, 24-hour BP (SBP, DBP, MAP), and particularly night-time BP indices were elevated in the stroke group compared with those without stroke complications. The prevalence of non-dipper was significantly higher in the stroke group compared with the non-stroke group., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Pham et al.)

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved for people living with HIV (PLWH), however there is limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults with clinical TB. We conducted a clinical study of adults presenting with clinical TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam. The uLAM concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunoassays and compared to a microbiological reference standard (MRS) using GeneXpert Ultra and TB culture testing. Estimated uLAM concentrations above plate specific calculated limit of detection (LOD) were considered uLAM positive. Additional microbiological testing was conducted for possible extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Among 745 participants enrolled, 335 (44.9%) participants with presumptive pulmonary TB (PTB) and 6 (11.3%) participants with presumptive EPTB had confirmed TB disease. Overall, the S/A antibody pair had a sensitivity of 39% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.33, 0.44) and a specificity of 97% (95% CI 0.96, 0.99) compared to the MRS. The F/A antibody pair had a sensitivity of 41% (95% CI 0.35, 0.47) and a specificity of 79% (95% CI 0.75, 0.84). S/A provided greater discriminatory ability compared to F/A for both individuals with presumptive PTB (AUROC: 0.74 vs 0.63, p<0.0001) and presumptive EPTB (0.76 vs 0.54, p = 0.045) when using the MRS. Among HIV-ve participants in an adult cohort in Vietnam, the concentrations of uLAM remained relatively low for people with clinical TB, which may present challenges for improving RDT sensitivity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Hoa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The silver nanoparticles-sodium alginate-chitosan (AgNPs-Alg-Chi) nanocomposite film is a compelling material with demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against various pure bacterial strains. However, its potential cytotoxicity at elevated Ag doses warrants investigation. There is a notable dearth of studies assessing its antibacterial effectiveness against clinically relevant bacterial strains, notably Cutibacterium acnes . This study aims to assess the antibacterial efficacy of the low-dose AgNPs-Alg-Chi nanocomposite films on both pure bacterial strains and strains isolated from clinical samples obtained from 65 acne patients. The films were synthesized using green methods, incorporating kumquat ( Citrus japonica ) extract as a silver ion-reducing agent. The material characterization methods include UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, SEM-EDS, XPS, cell culture, and MTT assay. We successfully fabricated the AgNPs-Alg-Chi nanocomposite films with a low-loading dose of Ag NPs (≤11 μg mL -1 , and 37.8 ± 11.5 nm in size). The AgNPs-Alg-Chi nanocomposite film demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to the AgNPs-Chi solution, with MIC values ranging from 3.67 to 5.50 μg mL -1 ( p > 0.05) across all strains. Importantly, the AgNPs-Alg-Chi films demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), maintaining cell viability above 70%. The present AgNPs-Alg-Chi nanocomposite films synthesized by a green approach demonstrated potent antibacterial activity, making them promising for further development into suitable products for human use., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Competing Interests: Declaration of interests In the past 5 years, HW received grant funding for gambling-related research by the Economic and Social Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, the Gambling Commission (including their regulatory settlement fund), Office of Health Disparities and Improvements–Public Health England, Greater London Authority, Greater Manchester Combined Authority, Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority, and the Department of Digital Culture Media and Sport; received funding from GambleAware for a project on gambling and suicide in 2018–19; received consulting fees from the Institute of Public Health, Ireland, and the National Institute for Economic and Social Research; received payment for delivery of seminars from McGill University, the University of Birmingham, Johns Hopkins University, and from the British Broadcasting Corporation; has been paid as an expert witness by Lambeth and Middlesborough Borough Councils; received travel costs paid by Gambling Regulators European Forum, the Turkish Green Crescent Society, Alberta Gambling Research Institute, the REITOX Academy (administered through the Austrian National Public Health Institute), and the University of Helsinki; served as Deputy Chair of the Advisory Board for Safer Gambling between 2015 and 2020, remunerated by the Gambling Commission; is a Member of the WHO panel on gambling (ongoing) and provided unpaid advice on research to GamCare for their Safer Gambling Standard (from 2019 until mid-2021); runs a research consultancy for public and third-sector bodies only; has not, and does not, provide consultancy services to gambling industry actors; in researching the gambling industry and their practices, HW declares occasional attendance at events where gambling industry actors are present (including industry-sponsored conferences); as part of her work on the Gambling Survey for Great Britain, HW is required by the Gambling Commission (the funder) to participate in events disseminating research findings to their stakeholders, which includes the industry; her attendance at events where industry is present is independently funded and does not involve collaborations or partnerships with industry. AR discloses grant funding for gambling-related projects from Suicide Prevention Australia, The Winston Churchill Memorial Trust, Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety, Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation, Federation University Australia, and membership of the WHO panel on gambling; received funding for travel for the 2019 WHO meeting by the Turkish Green Crescent Society; received consultancy funding from WHO to prepare a factsheet on Gambling and conducted a paid peer reviews for Auckland University of Technology and the British Academic Forum for the Study of Gambling, administered via Gambling Research Exchange Ontario and funded through regulatory settlements. VM discloses grant funding for gambling-related projects from the Academy of Finland (projects 349589, 31834), the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, and the Finnish Ministry of Justice; as a member of the Gambling Harms Evaluation Committee (2021–ongoing) and the Indicators for Gambling Harms work group (2019–21) under the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, she interacts with the Finnish gambling monopoly to evaluate company products and practices and to analyse company data; discloses a fee for delivering a webinar from Bochum University, paid peer review from Routledge, and funding for travel from the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, University of Bergen, and the Council of Europe; provides consultation for public and third-sector actors, but not the gambling industry. CL discloses funding in the past 5 years for gambling-related research from the Royal Society for Public Health, Australian Research Council, Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, and Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation; provided a paid consultancy report on electronic gambling machines gambling for a 2023 appeal against a decision of the Northern Territory (Australia) Licensing Commission to expand electronic gambling machine availability in venues in Alice Springs; received travel support from the Turkish Green Crescent Society to attend a WHO meeting in 2019 and travel support from Monash University to attend the Fourth WHO Forum on Alcohol, Drugs and Addictive Behaviours and to attend a Commission meeting in London; is a member of the WHO panel on gambling and was engaged as a consultant in 2023 to prepare a WHO Technical Brief on gambling and gambling disorder; is an Editorial Board Member of Critical Gambling studies; provided submissions to Royal Commissions and Inquiries into casinos and electronic gambling machine venues in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales, and Western Australia, and has been consulted by Ministers and Ministerial staff for the governments of New South Wales, Victoria, and the Australian Government in relation to reform of gambling regulation, in an unpaid capacity; provides policy advice to local governments and non-governmental organisations in relation to reform of gambling regulation (unpaid); does not provide advice to the gambling industry or members of its ecosystem. GR discloses funding for gambling-related projects from The British Academy, the Economic and Social Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, The Medical Research Council, the Glasgow Centre for International Development, the Department of Culture Media and Sport; acted as an advisor for a project on gambling advertising carried out by the Institute of Social Marketing at the University of Stirling in 2018, funded by GambleAware; was a Commissioner on the Howard League for Penal Reform's Commission on Crime and Gambling Related Harms 2019–22; is currently a member of the WHO panel on gambling and an Associate Editor of the journal Critical Gambling Studies; and received travel and accommodation expenses paid by the Turkish Green Crescent Society, the University of Helsinki Centre for Research on Addiction, Control and Governance–Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, the University of Sydney (via the Australian Research Council), the University of Bremen, the Ruhr Universität, Bochum, Scottish Parliament, the UK Society for the Study of Addiction, and the Howard League for Crime and Penal Reform's Commission on Crime and Gambling Related Harms (via the Gambling Commission). CB discloses grant funding for gambling-related projects from The British Academy, The Economic and Social Research Council, the National Institute of Health Research, Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority, and the Department of Culture Media and Sport. KS discloses grant funding for gambling-related projects from the Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology and the University of Indonesia; and is a member of the WHO panel on gambling. RV discloses grant funding for gambling-related projects from Massachusetts Gaming Commission, Connecticut Dept of Mental Health & Addiction Services, the Evergreen Council for Problem Gambling, The University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute, Gambling Research Exchange Ontario, NORC Boston, North Dakota Department of Health & Human Services, British Gambling Commission, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and the Center for Gambling Studies, and Rutgers University; received consultancy fees from for gambling-related research from the National Centre for Social Research (UK), Gambling Research Exchange Ontario, and the Karolinska Institute; received honorarium from McGill University for delivery of a webinar, from the Evergreen Council on Problem Gambling, the Institut fur Glucksspiel und Gesellschaft, and New York State Council on Problem Gambling; and received travel costs from the Alberta Gambling Research Institute in 2022 and 2023 and from the Nigerian National Lotteries Regulatory Commission in 2023. DU discloses funding for gambling-related projects from the Wellcome Trust (via a fellowship award to HW) and Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority. BB discloses funding for gambling-related projects from the Wellcome Trust (via a fellowship award to HW), the National Institute for Health Research, and Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority; and is a member of the Academic Forum for Gambling Research, with remuneration provided by the Gambling Commission, via Gambling Research Exchange Ontario. VK discloses funding for gambling-related projects from the Wellcome Trust (via a fellowship award to HW), the Gambling Commission, and Gambling Research Exchange Ontario; and has received funding for travel from the RANGES network, funded by the Canadian government. JR discloses funding from Canadian Institutes of Health Research, US National Institutes of Health, EU, and WHO; and has received funding for travel from WHO. LD received untied educational grant funding from Indivior and Seqirus for the study of new opioid medications in Australia, in the past 5 years. SS has been a senior advisor to McKinsey Health Institute since 2023 for issues on mental health. JQ is employed by the School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong; the School of Public Health receives funding from the Hong Kong Jockey Club Charities Trust outside of this project. JSY received funding for gambling-related research by the British Academy in 2020. VP was a staff member of WHO until 2024. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Background: Mortality, suicide, self-harm, and substance use are elevated among people who are incarcerated. There is a wide range of heterogeneous interventions aimed at reducing these harms in this population. Previous reviews have focused on specific interventions or limited their findings to drug use and recidivism and have not explored interventions delivered after release from prison. Our aim is to examine the effect of interventions delivered to people who use drugs during incarceration or after release from incarceration, on a wide range of outcomes., Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases up until Sept 12, 2023 for studies published from Jan 1, 1980 onwards. All studies evaluating the effectiveness of any intervention on drug use, recidivism outcomes, sexual or injecting risk behaviours, or mortality among people who use psychoactive drugs and who were currently or recently incarcerated were included. Studies without a comparator or measuring only alcohol use were excluded. Data extracted from each study included demographic characteristics, interventions, and comparisons. Pooled odds ratios and risk ratios were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses., Findings: We identified 126 eligible studies (47 randomised controlled trials and 79 observational studies) encompassing 18 interventions; receiving opioid-agonist treatment (OAT) in prison reduced the risk of death in prison (one study; hazard ratio 0·25; 95% CI 0·13-0·48), whereas receiving OAT in the first 4 weeks following release reduced risk of death in the community (two studies; relative risk 0·24; 95% CI 0·15-0·37). Therapeutic community interventions reduced re-arrest at 6-12 months (six studies; odds ratio [OR] 0·72; 95% CI 0·55-0·95) and reincarceration at 24 months (two studies; OR 0·66; 95% CI 0·48-0·96). There was scarce evidence that OAT and syringe service provision are effective in reducing injecting risk behaviours and needle and syringe sharing., Interpretation: There are effective interventions to reduce mortality and recidivism for people who use drugs who have been incarcerated. Nonetheless, there are also substantial gaps in the research examining the effect of interventions on risk behaviours and mortality during incarceration and a need for randomised designs examining outcomes for people who use drugs after release., Funding: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests In the past 3 years, LD and MF have received investigator-initiated untied educational grants for studies of opioid medications in Australia from Indivior and Seqirus. FLA has had grants from the US National Institutes of Health, Gilead Sciences, and MSD over the past 3 years. JG is a consultant or advisor and has received research grants from AbbVie, bioLytical, Camurus, Cepheid, Gilead Sciences, Hologic, Indivior, and Merck or MSD. These companies and organisations had no knowledge of or role in the design, conduct, interpretation, or publication of these findings. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Thrombotic complications during and after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are commonly observed clinically. The incidences of cannula-associated deep vein thrombosis (CaDVT) post-ECMO support have predominantly focused on Caucasian demographics. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors for CaDVT in Vietnamese patients following ECMO decannulation. The retrospective study from January 2019 to February 2020 observed ECMO weaning patients and screened for CaDVT using Doppler ultrasonography. Data were collected on patient demographics, ECMO parameters, and transfusion and coagulation profiles during ECMO support. Of the 82 patients successfully weaned ECMO, 89% were assessed for CaDVT. We observed a CaDVT incidence of 24.7%, and only one patient (5.6%) had a pulmonary embolism in the CaDVT group. Noteworthy is that the anticoagulation goals, transfusion during ECMO, and hospital mortality showed no significant difference between the CaDVT and non-CaDVT groups. The findings showed that the duration of ECMO support is a risk factor for CaDVT. The incidence of CaDVT following ECMO decannulation was 24.7%, and the diagnosis of CaDVT can be underestimated. Therefore, we suggest routine screening for CaDVT after cannula removal., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © ASAIO 2024.)

Background: Gambling behaviours have become of increased public health interest, but data on prevalence remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to estimate for adults and adolescents the prevalence of any gambling activity, the prevalence of engaging in specific gambling activities, the prevalence of any risk gambling and problematic gambling, and the prevalence of any risk and problematic gambling by gambling activity., Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature (on MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycInfo) and grey literature to identify papers published between Jan 1, 2010, and March 4, 2024. We searched for any gambling, including engagement with individual gambling activities, and problematic gambling data among adults and adolescents. We included papers that reported the prevalence or proportion of a gambling outcome of interest. We excluded papers of non-original data or based on a biased sample. Data were extracted into a bespoke Microsoft Access database, with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool used to identify the risk of bias for each sample. Representative population survey estimates were firstly meta-analysed into country-level prevalence estimates, using metaprop, of any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and by gambling activity. Secondly, population-weighted regional-level and global estimates were generated for any gambling, any risk gambling, problematic gambling, and specific gambling activity. This review is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021251835)., Findings: We screened 3692 reports, with 380 representative unique samples, in 68 countries and territories. Overall, the included samples consisted of slightly more men or male individuals, with a mean age of 29·72 years, and most samples identified were from high-income countries. Of these samples, 366 were included in the meta-analysis. Globally, 46·2% (95% CI 41·7-50·8) of adults and 17·9% (14·8-21·2) of adolescents had gambled in the past 12 months. Rates of gambling were higher among men (49·1%; 45·5-52·6) than women (37·4%; 32·0-42·5). Among adults, 8·7% (6·6-11·3) were classified as engaging in any risk gambling, and 1·41% (1·06-1·84) were engaging in problematic gambling. Among adults, rates of problematic gambling were greatest among online casino or slots gambling (15·8%; 10·7-21·6). There were few data reported on any risk and problematic gambling among adolescent samples., Interpretation: Existing evidence suggests that gambling is prevalent globally, that a substantial proportion of the population engage in problematic gambling, and that rates of problematic gambling are greatest among those gambling on online formats. Given the growth of the online gambling industry and the association between gambling and a range of public health harms, governments need to give greater attention to the strict regulation and monitoring of gambling globally., Funding: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests In the last 5 years, HW has received grant funding for gambling-related research from The Economic and Social Research Council, National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Trust, the Gambling Commission (including their regulatory settlement fund), Office of Health Disparities and Improvements and Public Health England, Greater London Authority, Greater Manchester Combined Authority, Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority, and the Department of Digital Culture Media and Sport; received funding from GambleAware in 2018–19 for a project on gambling and suicide; received consulting fees from the Institute of Public Health, Ireland, and the National Institute for Economic and Social Research; received payment for the delivery of seminars from McGill University, the University of Birmingham, Johns Hopkins University, and from the British Broadcasting Corporation; has been paid as an expert witness by Lambeth and Middlesbrough Borough Councils; has received travel costs paid by Gambling Regulators European Forum, the Turkish Green Crescent Society, Alberta Gambling Research Institute, the REITOX Academy (administered through the Austrian National Public Health Institute), and the University of Helsinki; served as the Deputy Chair of the Advisory Board for Safer Gambling between 2015 and 2020, remunerated by the Gambling Commission; is a member of the WHO panel on gambling (ongoing); provided unpaid advice on research to GamCare for their Safer Gambling Standard (until mid-2021); runs a research consultancy for public and third sector bodies only, but has not, and does not, provide consultancy services to gambling industry actors; in researching the gambling industry and their practices, has occasionally attended events where gambling industry actors are present (including industry-sponsored conferences); and as part of her work on the Gambling Survey for Great Britain, is required by the Gambling Commission (the funder) to participate in events disseminating research findings to their stakeholders, which includes the industry, but is independently funded and does not involve collaborations or partnerships with industry. VM has received grant funding for gambling-related projects from the Academy of Finland (project numbers 349589 and 31834), the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, and the Finnish Ministry of Justice; as a member of the Gambling Harms Evaluation Committee (2021 onwards) and the Indicators for Gambling Harms work group (2019–21) under the Finnish Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, she interacts with the Finnish gambling monopoly to evaluate company products and practices and to analyse company data; has received a fee for delivering a webinar from Bochum University; did a paid peer review for Routledge; received funding for travel from the Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, University of Bergen, and the Council of Europe; and provides consultation for public and third sector actors, but not the gambling industry. CB has received grant funding for gambling-related projects from The British Academy, The Economic and Social Research Council, the National Institute of Health Research, Blackburn with Darwen Local Authority, and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. RV has received grant funding for gambling-related projects from the Massachusetts Gaming Commission, the Connecticut Department of Mental Health & Addiction Services, the Evergreen Council for Problem Gambling, The University of Massachusetts Donahue Institute, Gambling Research Exchange Ontario, NORC Boston, North Dakota Department of Health & Human Services, British Gambling Commission, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, and the Center for Gambling Studies, Rutgers University; has received consultancy fees for gambling-related research from the National Centre for Social Research UK, Gambling Research Exchange Ontario, and the Karolinska Institute; has received honorarium from McGill University for the delivery of a webinar, from the Evergreen Council on Problem Gambling, the Institut für Glücksspiel und Gesellschaft, and the New York State Council on Problem Gambling; and has received travel costs from the Alberta Gambling Research Institute in 2022 and 2023 and from the Nigerian National Lotteries Regulatory Commission in 2023. JR has received funding from various national and international public funding agencies (the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, US National Institutes of Health, the EU, and WHO); and funding for travel from WHO. In the past 5 years, LD and MF have received untied educational grant funding from Indivior and Seqirus for the study of new opioid medications in Australia. SS has been a senior advisor to the McKinsey Health Institute since 2023 for issues on mental health. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Study on the role of electrocardiographic (ECG) exercise testing for the possibility of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) in patients with sinus bradycardia (SB)., Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive, prospective study. The study on 60 patients with SB below 50 beats/minute on 12-lead electrocardiogram at rest, with or without symptoms of SB, conducted at the Vietnam National Heart Institute and Hanoi Heart Hospital from January 2020 to September 2021., Results: Sixty patients with SB were studied, 36 male (60%) and 24 female patients (40%), p > 0.05. The average age was 55.12 ± 13.89 years old. Maximum exercise capacity (MEC) is low and only reaches 7.78 ± 3.59 metabolic equivalents (METs); Not reaching 85% of predicted MEC accounts for 53.5%; Maximum exercise time is 10.53 ± 0.46 minutes; Impaired heart rate (HR) variability in patients with SB is high: Chronotropic Index <0.8 accounts for 53.5%, not reaching 85% of predicted HR max accounts for 45%. The average HR max was 129.90 ± 29.22 beats per minute (BPM). The average maximum workload systolic blood pressure was 155.23 ± 20.59 mmHg. The average value of maximum exercise diastolic blood pressure was 88.10 ± 9.11 mmHg. The HR decreased by 27.87 ± 16.82 BPM in the first minute. Not achieving 85% of predicted MEC (p = 0.062), so it is not an independent factor predicting the ability for PPI. Only the HR variability index <0.8 is an independent predictor for PPI in bradycardic patients, which has OR = 21.521 (95% CI: 2.27-04.34, p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Results can be seen that Chronotropic Index <0.8 is an important marker for physicians to decide on PPI in ECG during exercise testing in SB patients and is a potential prognostic factor for the need for PPI., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work., (© 2024 Pham et al.)

Purpose: A first of its kind experimental verification of dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LET d ) optimized treatment plans for proton therapy has been carried out using a silicon-on-insulator microdosimeter at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, USA., Methods and Materials: Three clinical treatment plans of a typical ependymoma structure set were designed using the standard clinical approach, the proposed protocol approach, and a one-field approach. The plans were then reoptimized to reduce the LET d -weighted dose in the brain stem. All six plans were delivered in a solid water phantom and the experimental y D ‾ measured., Results: After LET d optimization, a reduction in y D ‾ was found within the brain stem by an average of 12%, 19%, and 4% for the clinical, protocol, and one-field plans, respectively, while maintaining adequate coverage of the tumor structure. The experimental LET d -weighted doses were in agreement with the treatment planning system calculations and Monte Carlo simulations and reinforced the improvement of the optimization., Conclusions: This work demonstrates the first experimental verification of the clinical implementation of LET d optimization for patient treatment with proton therapy., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

BACKGROUND The Over-the-Scope-Clip (OTSC) System is a class of endoscopic clips intended to provide improved strength and tissue capture compared to conventional through-the-scope clips. These clips are generally safe and effective in managing many gastrointestinal conditions, with a low overall adverse event rate. Although the OTSC has been used to treat gastrointestinal bleeding and bowel perforations for many years, it often is relegated to second-line therapy and has only recently become a first-line hemostatic therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding. CASE REPORT Here, we present a unique adverse event of the OTSC causing iatrogenic ligation of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA). A 71-year-old man presented with 6 months of epigastric abdominal pain and 2 weeks of hematemesis, and was ultimately diagnosed with a bleeding duodenal ulcer. He underwent multiple endoscopic interventions to attempt to control the duodenal ulcer bleeding, including placement of the OTSC on a visible vessel. Soon after OTSC placement, he became hypotensive with recurrent hematochezia, and Interventional Radiology was consulted for endovascular management of the bleeding. Angiography showed the OTSC had been deployed across the midportion of the GDA from the duodenal lumen, effectively ligating the GDA, causing bleeding due to direct vascular injury. This bleeding was ultimately controlled with coil embolization. However, this iatrogenic ligation of the midportion of the GDA by the OTSC significantly complicated endovascular intervention to control the bleeding. CONCLUSIONS As the OTSC device becomes more commonly used in the endoscopy suite, it is important to share potential pitfalls that may be encountered in the clinical setting that impact not only endoscopists and patients, but other specialties as well.

Organized chronic subdural hematoma is a rare form of chronic subdural hematoma. The optimal treatment method is still controversial. Preoperative middle meningeal artery embolization and craniotomy are effective methods for chronic subdural hematoma. However, there are not many reports investigating the effectiveness of these methods in treating organized chronic subdural hematoma. We report the case of a 61-year-old male patient who had a twist-drill craniostomy to treat a left hemisphere subdural hematoma. After surgery, there was a recurrence on the same side in the form of an organized subdural hematoma. The patient received preoperative left middle meningeal artery embolization. After 3 months of follow-up, a small portion of the hematoma remained, causing pressure and slightly shifting the midline to the right by 6.5 mm, and the patient no longer had clinical symptoms., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: Comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) among people with opioid use disorder (OUD) contribute to poor clinical outcomes, including overdose and mortality. We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of specific non-opioid SUDs among people with OUD., Methods: We searched Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE from 1990 to 2022 for studies that used Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria to assess the prevalence of non-opioid SUDs among individuals with OUD. We used random-effects meta-analyses with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) to pool current and lifetime prevalence estimates separately. Meta-regressions and stratified meta-analyses were used to examine differences in prevalence estimates by sample characteristics and methodological factors., Results: Of the 36,971 publications identified, we included data from 194 studies and 77,212 participants with OUD. The prevalence of any comorbid SUD among people with OUD was 59.5% (95%CI 49.1-69.5%) for current non-opioid SUDs, with 72.0% (95%CI 52.5-87.9%) experiencing a comorbid SUD in their lifetime. Of the studies that examined current comorbid SUDs, cocaine use disorder (30.5%, 95%CI 23.0-38.7%) was most common, followed by alcohol (27.1%, 95%CI 24.4- 30.0%), cannabis (22.7%, 95%CI 19.0-26.6%), sedative (16.1%, 95%CI 13.1-19.3%), and methamphetamine (11.4%, 95%CI 6.8-17.1%) use disorders. Substantial heterogeneity (I 2 >90%) across estimates was observed. Substantial heterogeneity (I2>90%) was observed across estimates, with significant variations in prevalence identified across geographic locations, recruitment settings, and other study-level factors., Conclusion: Findings from this study emphasize the importance of comorbid SUD treatment access for people with OUD. Our estimates can inform the provision of treatment and harm reduction strategies for people with OUD and specific subpopulations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest LD has received investigator-initiated untied educational grants for studies of opioid medications in Australia from Indivior and Seqirus. GC has received investigator-initiated untied educational grants for studies of opioid medications in Australia from Indivior., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Research suggests that many international students experience intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual violence (SV) whilst attending tertiary institutions. Yet, little is known about how they engage in help-seeking and what types of support they need following IPV/SV. In this paper, we present findings from a qualitative analysis of 30 in-depth interviews with international student women who experienced SV/IPV while studying in Australia. The findings highlight how isolation and structural factors can create significant barriers to help-seeking for international student women. Yet, the findings also highlight the agency and resourcefulness of international student women in overcoming challenges. The provision of culturally and linguistically appropriate and tailored support for international students is crucial in order to help reduce the harms of SV/IPV.

In this study, a series of secondary metabolites from Ganoderma sp. were screened against Staphylococcus aureus protein targets, including as phosphotransacetylase, clumping factor A, and dihydrofolate reductase, using molecular docking simulations. The chemicals that showed the strongest binding energy with the targeted proteins were ganodermanontriol, lucidumol B, ganoderic acid J, ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, 7-oxoganoderic acid Z, ganoderic acid AM1, ganosinoside A, ganoderic acid D, and 24 R -ergosta-7,2 E -diene-3 β ,5 α ,6 β -triol. Interestingly, ganosinoside A showed the greatest affinity for the protein clumping factor A, a result validated by molecular dynamic simulation. Additionally, three natural Ganoderma sp. Strains as Ganoderma lingzhi VNKKK1903 , Ganoderma lingzhi VNKK1905A2, and Amauroderma subresinosum VNKKK1904 were collected from Kon Ka Kinh National Park in central land of Vietnam and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using an agar well diffusion technique. These results suggest that the fungal extracts and secondary metabolites may serve as valuable sources of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus . These findings provided an important scientific groundwork for further exploration of the antibacterial mechanisms of compounds derived from Ganoderma sp. in future research., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Trang Thi Thu Nguyen reports financial support was provided by PhD Scholarship Programme of the Vingroup Innovation Foundation (VINIF), Vingroup Big Data Institute (VINBIGDATA), code VINIF.2020.TS.68 (TTTN). Trang Thi Thu Nguyen reports financial support was provided by Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) under grant number C2021-18-12., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Membrane-enclosed organelles are defining features of eukaryotes in distinguishing these organisms from prokaryotes. Specification of distinct membranes is critical to assemble and maintain discrete compartments. Small GTPases and their regulators are the signaling molecules that drive membrane-modifying machineries to the desired location. These signaling molecules include Rab and Rag GTPases, roadblock and longin domain proteins, and TRAPPC3-like proteins. Here, we take a structural approach to assess the relatedness of these eukaryotic-like proteins in Asgard archaea, the closest known prokaryotic relatives to eukaryotes. We find that the Asgard archaea GTPase core domains closely resemble eukaryotic Rabs and Rags. Asgard archaea roadblock, longin and TRAPPC3 domain-containing proteins form dimers similar to those found in the eukaryotic TRAPP and Ragulator complexes. We conclude that the emergence of these protein architectures predated eukaryogenesis, however further adaptations occurred in proto-eukaryotes to allow these proteins to regulate distinct internal membranes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

A new compound, conamonin A ( 1 ), was isolated from the whole plants of Conamomum rubidum with eight known dihydrochalcones ( 2 - 9 ). Their structures were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic methods as well as by comparison with previously reported data. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by TDDFT-ECD method. Compounds 1 and 8 showed inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production in the RAW 264.7 cells, with IC 50 values of 58.29 ± 2.88 and 81.77 ± 5.99 μM, respectively. Compounds 3/4 and 5/6 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC 50 values of 28.76 ± 1.16 and 29.89 ± 1.79 μg/mL, respectively. Compounds 2 , 7 - 9 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against human lung carcinoma (the SK-LU-1 cell line) with IC 50 values ranging from 9.87 to 17.99 µM. This study offers valuable insights into the chemical constituents and biological activities of Conamomum rubidum , highlighting its potential as a source for discovering new anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.

Background and Purpose: Patients with mild-to-moderate hip OA can present with pain, a decline in function, altered gait mechanics, and pain with ambulation. Body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) has been utilized for patients with total hip arthroplasty, hip fracture, and lumbar spinal stenosis. The purpose of this case series was to report the outcomes of patients with hip OA that received guideline adherent physical therapy care with the addition of BWSTT. Our aim was to assess changes in pain, disability, and physical performance., Case Descriptions: Seven patients participated in eight 1-h treatment sessions consisting of: manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, and BWSTT. Pre- and post-treatment outcome measures included: average pain rating via the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and the Global Rate of Change (GROC). Physical performance measures included: 6-minute walk test (6MWT), stair climbing test, and 5 time sit-stand., Outcomes: The mean improvement in NPRS score for all subjects was 2.9 points. Mean improvement on the WOMAC was 18.5 + 24.8 pts, and the mean GROC score was +5.0 indicating a rating of "quite a bit better." The mean increase in 6MWT distance was 60.5 + 80.1 meters (median 39 m, range -3 to 230)., Conclusions: Though patients participating in a multimodal rehabilitation approach including manual therapy, exercise, and BWSTT demonstrated clinically important improvements in pain and function, these changes may not correspond with gait endurance improvements in the short term.

Background: Rosuvastatin, most commonly used in the form of calcium salt, belongs to the statin groups of synthetic antihyperlipidemic agents. Rosuvastatin possesses high permeability, however, its aqueous solubility is poor, causing a slow dissolution rate in water. Consequently, this dissolution rate has a decisive role in the release and absorption of rosuvastatin in the gastrointestinal tube., Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate the absorption of the drug from the self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system of rosuvastatin (Ros SNEDDS) compared to rosuvastatin substance and to develop a level-A in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) for Ros SNEDDS., Methods: An in-house developed LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the concentrations of rosuvastatin in dog plasma. Six beagle dogs received an intravenous dose, Ros SNEDDS, rosuvastatin substance. In vitro dissolution of the Ros SNEDDS was carried out with different conditions. Correlation models were developed from the dissolution and absorption results of Ros SNEDDS., Results: The results showed a 1.7-fold enhanced oral bioavailability and 2.1-time increase of rosuvastatin C max in Ros SNEDDS form, compared to the rosuvastatin substance. A 900 ml dissolution medium of pH of 6.6 has demonstrated its suitability, the in vitro dissolution model was studied and supported by the Weibull equation with a weighting factor of 1/y 2 as it presented the lowest values of AIC., Conclusion: Ros SNEDDS demonstrated higher bioavailability of rosuvastatin in comparison to rosuvastatin substance and established a level A IVIVC used in future bioequivalence trials., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

It has become increasingly common to utilize RNA treatment to treat respiratory illnesses. Experimental research on both people and animals has advanced quickly since the turn of the twenty-first century in an effort to discover a treatment for respiratory ailments that could not be accomplished with earlier techniques, specifically in treating prevalent respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections caused by viruses, and asthma. This chapter has provided a comprehensive overview of the scientific evidence in applying RNA therapy to treat respiratory diseases. The chapter describes the development of this therapy for respiratory diseases. At the same time, the types of RNA therapy for respiratory diseases have been highlighted. In addition, the mechanism of this therapy for respiratory diseases has also been covered. These insights are indispensable if this therapy is to be developed widely., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Part 1 of this review provided an overview of AF in Vietnam, with a particular focus on primary and secondary stroke prevention. Part 2 explores the management of AF in special, high-risk and clinically common patient populations, including those with renal impairment, diabetes, the elderly, and those with coronary artery disease. Furthermore, Part 2 addresses the challenges posed by patients with AF who have a bioprosthetic valve, a group situated in a grey area of consideration. Managing AF in these patient groups presents unique clinical challenges that require careful consideration. Physicians are tasked with addressing specific clinical questions to identify the optimal anticoagulation strategy for each individual. To inform these decisions, subgroup analyses from pivotal studies are presented alongside real-world data derived from clinical practice. By synthesising available information and considering the nuanced clinical context, the aim is to provide informed perspectives that align with current medical knowledge and contribute to the enhancement of patient care in these challenging scenarios., Competing Interests: Disclosure: THQH has received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer and Pfizer. MTT, VLN and HMP have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Daiichi Sankyo. SVH, NTV and TNH have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim. TQN and LTP have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim. TDM has received grants from Bayer for research and honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim. Funding: The medical writing fee and the article processing charge were funded by Bayer Vietnam. The funder had no role in the design, execution, interpretation or writing of the study., (Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Radcliffe Group Ltd.)

In Asia, especially Vietnam, AF is a common arrhythmia and is linked to a higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in AF patients can result in bleeding complications. To effectively manage AF, adopting appropriate anticoagulation and addressing modifiable risk factors are crucial. Vietnamese clinicians are particularly interested in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), a recent development in AF treatment. However, the lack of head-to-head trials comparing NOACs makes selecting a specific NOAC challenging. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available clinical evidence on NOACs for stroke prevention in AF to assist clinicians in making informed decisions and improving treatment outcomes in patients with AF. The first part of this review will present the current landscape of AF in Vietnam, focusing on AF prevalence and highlighting gaps in clinical practice. Furthermore, this part extensively discusses the anticoagulation strategy for both primary and secondary stroke prevention in AF., Competing Interests: Disclosure: THQH has received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer. MTT, VLN and HMP have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Daiichi Sankyo. SVH, NTV and TNH have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim. TQN and LTP have received honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer and Boehringer Ingelheim. TDM has received grants from Bayer for research and honoraria for scientific presentations from Bayer, Pfizer and Boehringer Ingelheim. Funding: The medical writing fee and article processing charge were funded by Bayer Vietnam. The funder had no role in the design, execution, interpretation or writing of the study., (Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Radcliffe Group Ltd.)

The alkylamination of alkenes using pristine carboxylic acids was achieved by the photoexcitation of (diarylmethylene)amino benziodoxolones (DABXs), which serve as both an oxidant and an aminating reagent (an iminyl radical precursor). The developed method is a simple photochemical reaction without the need for external photosensitizers and shows a broad substrate scope for aliphatic carboxylic acids leading to the formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals, thus enabling the facile synthesis of various structurally complex amines. Mechanistic investigations including transient absorption spectroscopy measurements using a laser flash photolysis (LFP) method disclosed the unique photochemical reactivity of DABXs, which undergoes homolysis of their I-N bonds to give an iminyl radical and ortho -iodobenzoyloxy radical, the latter of which participates in the single-electron oxidation of carboxylates., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Background: People who inject drugs are disproportionately affected by HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, while there is little global data on HIV and HCV testing and treatment coverage of this population. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate country-level, regional, and global coverage of HIV and HCV testing and treatment among people who inject drugs., Methods: We did a systematic review, and searched bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO) and grey literature for studies published between Jan 1, 2017, and April 30, 2022, that evaluated the proportion of people who inject drugs who received testing or treatment for HIV or HCV. For each country, we estimated the proportion of people who inject drugs tested for HIV antibodies in the past 12 months (recent), people who inject drugs ever tested for HCV antibodies and HCV RNA, people who inject drugs with HIV currently receiving antiretroviral therapy, and people who inject drugs with HCV ever receiving HCV antiviral treatment. Regional and global estimates, weighted by the population size of people who inject drugs, were generated where sufficient data were available. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020173974)., Findings: 512 documents reported data eligible for analyses, including 337 peer-reviewed articles, 27 conference abstracts or presentations, and 148 documents from grey literature or supplementary searches. Data of recent HIV antibody testing were available for 67 countries and ever having had HCV antibody testing were available for 49 countries. Globally, an estimated 48·8% of people who inject drugs were recently tested for HIV antibodies (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 43·3-54·2%; range 0·9-86·0%), and 47·1% had ever been tested for HCV antibodies (95% UI 43·4-51·0%; range 0·0-93·3%). HCV RNA testing data were available from three countries. Coverage of HIV antibody testing was high (>75%) in four countries and for HCV antibody testing in 15 countries. The estimated uptake of current HIV treatment (18 countries) ranged from 2·6% to 81·9%, and the estimated uptake of ever having HCV treatment (23 countries) ranged from 1·8% to 88·6% across countries. Uptake of HIV treatment was high in two countries, and of HCV treatment in one country., Interpretation: HIV and HCV testing and treatment uptake among people who inject drugs was highly variable, and suboptimal in most countries. Strategies to improve access to HIV and HCV care among people who inject drugs and the availability of public health surveillance are urgently required., Funding: Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and UK National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests In the past 3 years, LD and MF have received investigator-initiated untied educational grants for studies of opioid medications in Australia from Indivior and Seqirus. JG is a consultant or adviser for and has received research grants from AbbVie, Camurus, Cepheid, Gilead Sciences, Hologic, Indivior, and Merck/MSD. GJD has received research grants from AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, and Merck/MSD. EC has received funding from the Canadian Network on Hepatitis C. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is expressed ubiquitously throughout the central nervous system, including in astrocytes, the most prevalent glial cell type in the brain. While the role of FoxO1 in hypothalamic neurons in controlling food intake and energy balance is well-established, the contribution of astrocytic FoxO1 in regulating energy homeostasis has not yet been determined. In the current study, we demonstrate the essential role of hypothalamic astrocytic FoxO1 in maintaining normal neuronal activity in the hypothalamus and whole-body glucose metabolism. Inhibition of FoxO1 function in hypothalamic astrocytes shifts the cellular metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, enhancing astrocyte ATP production and release meanwhile decreasing astrocytic export of lactate. As a result, specific deletion of astrocytic FoxO1, particularly in the hypothalamus, causes a hyperactivation of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y neurons, which leads to an increase in acute feeding and impaired glucose regulation and ultimately results in diet-induced obesity and systemic glucose dyshomeostasis., (© 2023 The Authors. GLIA published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformation is an unusual cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, particularly in the pancreas. A definitive treatment strategy is not yet established. CASE REPORT We present the case of a 37-year-old man with underlying hypertension and no significant family history who presented with a 3-month history of intermittent epigastric pains and unintentional weight loss of 5 kg in 2 months. The upper endoscopy showed a large duodenal ulcer, which was uncontrolled with a standard dose of proton pump inhibitors. An abdominal computed tomography scan with contrast was indicated and revealed an enhanced mass of 2.5×3.5×4 cm in size, located on the second and third parts of the duodenum and head of the pancreas, indicating an arteriovenous malformation. On day 10 of hospitalization, the patient suddenly had melena and a drop of hemoglobin level to 5.6 g/dL; angiography intervention was successful to control the bleeding. However, gastrointestinal bleeding recurred after 2 weeks, and the patient successfully underwent a Whipple procedure. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis and therapeutic management of arteriovenous malformations are uniquely challenging; therefore, pancreatic arteriovenous malformations should be listed on the differential diagnosis, particularly in those cases with non-healing and large duodenal ulcers. Otherwise, early imaging modalities should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. In particular, angiography can temporarily control bleeding before proceeding with more definitive therapy.

Background: Biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC17A5 cause three forms of free sialic acid storage disease categorized based on severity from least to most severe: Salla disease, intermediate-severe Salla disease, and infantile free sialic acid storage disease. Intermediate-severe Salla disease is the most recently described form. Here, we report a longitudinal characterization of intermediate-severe Salla disease progression in two sisters carrying the following biallelic variants in SLC17A5: c.406A>G (p.Lys136Glu) and c.819+1G>A., Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed. A developmental questionnaire was completed to obtain further clinical information. For functional characterization of the predicted splice site variant, RNA was extracted from patient blood samples and sequenced., Results: Disease onset occurred within the first six months of life in both patients. Early childhood development was delayed with achievement of some milestones followed by a developmental plateau in late childhood. After this, both patients began a slow and progressive neurological regression in adolescence. Functional studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the c.819+1G>A variant, resulting in a frameshift and deletion of exon 6., Conclusions: We present a detailed study describing the clinical course of intermediate-severe Salla disease with over 15 to 20 years of evolution and demonstrate the pathogenicity of the c.819+1G>A splice site variant., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest. Dr. Bernard is/was a consultant for Passage Bio Inc (2020-2021) and Ionis (2019). She is/was a site investigator for the Alexander's disease trial of Ionis (2021-present), Metachromatic leukodystrophy of Shire/Takeda (2020-2021), Krabbe and GM1 gene therapy trials of Passage Bio (2021-present), GM1 natural history study of Passage Bio (2021-present), and adrenoleukodystrophy/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation natural history study of Bluebird Bio (2019) and a site subinvestigator for the MPS II gene therapy trial of Regenxbio (2021-present) and the MPS II clinical trial of Denali (2022-present). She has received unrestricted educational grants from Takeda (2021-2022)., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

To determine the rate of parental stress within a pediatric ophthalmology population, parents in an urban or suburban community pediatric ophthalmology clinic were administered the Parental Stress Index Short Form survey. Demographic information and parental depression or anxiety data were collected and analyzed using an independent sample t -test and chi-squared analysis. Stress measures were recorded as percentiles. One hundred and twenty-one surveys revealed the following mean percentiles: Total Stress, 45.9 ± 22.4; Parental Distress (PD), 49.7 ± 19.8; and Parent Child Dysfunctional Interaction (P-CDI), 45.1 ± 23.6. The PD percentiles of the non-married parents, those with positive parental depression or anxiety scores, and those with a high school diploma or less were 55.9 ± 18.5 versus 45.2 ± 19.6, p < 0.01; 55.2 ± 18.6 versus 46.7 ± 19.9, p < 0.05; and 56.8 ± 18.2 versus 47.0 ± 19.8, p < 0.01, respectively. The parents with a high school diploma or less in a suburban environment demonstrated higher PD/P-CDI scores versus those of an urban population. Those with median household incomes (MHI) below USD 60,000 in both the total and suburban populations showed higher PD scores. There is no significant difference in parental stress between the pediatric ophthalmology patients and the general population. The parents who are unmarried, depressed, have a high school degree or less, or an MHI below USD 60,000 experience significantly higher stress levels.

This paper reviews the current literature to examine what elements of osteopathic medicine can be used in psychiatry. The aim of this study was to use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to conduct a systematic review of studies describing the efficacy of osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in treating psychiatric problems directly and indirectly. The authors searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), reviewing peer-reviewed articles from 1980 to April 2023. The literature demonstrates that OMM has a positive effect on psychiatric symptoms indirectly when treating certain medical conditions, such as chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome; however, there are many limitations on these studies, and further research is required prior to making firm recommendations. The evidence is lacking for osteopathic manual medicine being used directly to treat psychiatric conditions. This review demonstrates that in some populations, such as individuals with chronic pain, fibromyalgia, and irritable bowel syndrome, OMM could be considered by an osteopathic psychiatrist as an adjunct treatment. More research should be conducted in this area due to the many limitations in the available studies but current research suggests that the use of OMM by osteopathic psychiatrists could be beneficial for some patient populations., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Bowes et al.)