Search

This article proposes a first step in analyzing the integration of the triple bottom line approach to event evaluation and the Big Data produced by event participants to create a circular and participatory monitoring process that utilizes technology to engage all stakeholders (citizens; visitors; producers; tourism organizations; policymakers; associations; and economic, social, and environmental scientists). Using a case study of Slow Food's Terra Madre Salone del Gusto (TMSG) 2016 event, this article examines systemization of a control panel for local decision makers that encourages knowledge management and sharing for learning and sustainable entrepreneurship to create virtuous cycles and solve—through a democratic process—the typical risk of political (mis)interpretation of socioeconomic event impact measurement.

V okviru diplomske naloge smo predstavili razvoj mobilne aplikacije za operacijski sistem Android. Namen naše aplikacije je prikaz turističnih prireditev na zemljevidu in v seznamu. Aplikacija je namenjena širokemu krogu uporabnikov (ne samo turistom), ki radi obiskujejo različne prireditve in nimajo o teh dovolj informacij. Aplikacija iskanje in pridobivanje informacij o prireditvah zelo olajša, saj lahko uporabnik najde vse prireditve na zemljevidu in v seznamu, pri čemer lahko določi tudi razne nastavitve, kot so način razvrščanja, kraj in časovno obdobje prireditve, s katerimi si olajša iskanje. Within the thesis, we presented the development of mobile application for operating system Android. The purpose of our application is to display tourist events on the map and in the list. The application is intended for a wide range of users (not just tourists) who like to attend various events and do not have enough information about it. This application makes it very easy to find and retrieve information about events, as the user can find all the events on the map and in the list, and he can also specify various settings, such as sorting, location and time period of events to make the search even easier.

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the possibilities for improvement of the existing tourist offer of Varaždin on the example of Špancirfest as one of the fastest growing tourist events in Croatia through stronger inclusion of the elements of material and non-material heritage. Methodology – The empirical research was conducted during the Špancirfest in 2016 by using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with the use of SPSS 21 statistical package. Mann-Whitney U Test and Pearson Coefficient of Correlation, Kruskal- Wallis Test were used in order to determine the influence of observed parametres of the analysis on the value of the observed categories. Other scientific methods that were used are historical method, method of induction and deduction, method of conclusion, desk- research and others. Findings – In order to improve the existing offer of Špancirfest, it is necessary to determine the habits, desires and satisfaction of visitors of Špancirfest, and based on them to form a new developmental and marketing strategy of Varaždin and North-West Croatia. Contribution – Based on studying the relevant scientific literature, secondary statistical indicators and conducted empirical research, the developmental guidelines were created with a goal of further improvement of event intended to all destination stakeholders with a particular accent on the need of stronger inclusion of heritage elements into the current tourist product with a goal of its preservation and strengthening recognizability and uniqueness of event on the tourist market.

Baština predstavlja važan element identiteta svake zajednice, a njeno očuvanje predstavlja jamstvo za opstojnost naroda u suvremenom globaliziranom svijetu. Očuvanje baštine predstavlja nužan element za jačanje samosvijesti pojedinca i stvaranja osjećaja pripadnosti određenom narodu i kulturi s ciljem jačanja osobnoga identiteta. Zbog svoje važnosti baština predstavlja važan element doktorske disertacije te je u cilju njenoga očuvanja i unapređenja postojala potreba istražiti modele uključivanja baštine u turistički proizvod na način da se elementi baštine sačuvaju od zaborava (nematerijalna baština) ili od propadanja (materijalna baština) uz primjenu principa održivoga razvoja. Uspješna sinergija turizma i baštine moguća je putem osmišljavanja modela turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini koji će svojim osobitostima pridonijeti stvaranju veće konkurentske snage destinacije u kojoj se nalazi baština, što izravno pridonosi jačanju ekonomskih performansi, jačanju identiteta i samosvijesti lokalne zajednice. U svrhu prikupljanja primarnih podataka te testiranja hipoteza, provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje na modelu četiri turistička događaja u različitim turističkim destinacijama Republike Hrvatske, tijekom kojeg su ispitani stavovi posjetitelja turističkih događaja temeljenih na baštini. Jedan od ciljeva istraživanja bio je utvrditi koja struktura posjetitelja posjećuje navedene turističke događaje, kolika je njihova razina zadovoljstva posjetom i ponudom na lokalitetu događaja, te koliki utjecaj na njihovu odluku za posjetom događaju ima motiv upoznavanja baštine. Nadalje, cilj je bio utvrditi mogućnosti održivoga uključivanja baštine u turistički proizvod uz očuvanje njene izvornosti te određivanje prednosti i nedostataka koje ima sinergija između kulture i turizma na očuvanje baštine. Osim navedenog cilj je bio utvrditi koji je najoptimalniji model financiranja obnove baštine i turističkih događaja te na koji način primjena suvremenih IT tehnologija utječe na povećanje zadovoljstva posjetitelja, očuvanje i promociju baštine, i na povećanje konkurentnosti turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini. Fokus rada je bio usmjeren na sistematizaciju svih dobivenih rezultata istraživanja u svrhu iznalaženja optimalnoga modela turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini. U cilju povećanja kvalitete i konkurentnosti turističke ponude i prepoznatljivosti događaja temeljenih na baštini u radu je prezentiran model turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini i proces certificiranja CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA)., Contemporary tourism demand is more and more heterogeneous, and the diversity of offers on the tourist market stimulates destination management to continuously create new and innovative products in the form of tourist events, which will result in creating new experiences and motivations for tourist arrival in a destination. The goal of creating tourist events is to improve a competitive position of tourist offers on the tourist market. Formation of tourist events based on heritage will contribute to this by contributing to quality and diversity of a tourist product, creating additional economic value and strengthening the identity and sense of belonging, and building trust among visitors and destination inhabitants. National heritage represents an important element of identity for every community, and its preservation represents a foundation for survival of a nation in the contemporary globalized world. National heritage preservation represents an important element for strengthening self-consciousness of an individual and creating a sense of belonging for a certain people and culture with a goal of strengthening personal identity. Today, national heritage represents a much broader term than a mere witness to a historical period. It is a witness of a material and non-material legacy of our ancestors, and it’s a testament to the way of life, beliefs, customs, and other elements of human identity, as well as the development of human thought through the turbulent centuries and historical periods. In numerous cases over time, heritage has been exposed to numerous risks which can cause its permanent damage or disappearance, through pollution, acid rain, erosion, inadequate conservation, change of developmental guidelines by the owner or manager of the material heritage, emigration and immigration of people, high mortality, or lack of interest of the contemporary population for tradition of their non-material heritage. Due to its importance and previously mentioned, heritage represents an important element of research of a Doctoral Dissertation with a goal of ensuring its sustainable development, renewal and conservation through value-added tourism. Synergy of tourism and heritage provides exceptional developmental possibilities for the tourism offer carriers, but also preserves the nature of the heritage itself, as an exceptionally sensitive resource. With a goal of its preservation and improvement, and while noticing lack of any similar analysis, there was a necessity to explore and offer in a scientific and professional way, sustainable models of inclusion of heritage in a tourist product in a way that the elements of heritage are preserved from oblivion (non-material heritage) or waste (material heritage) while applying the principles of sustainable development. As previously mentioned, it is possible to achieve by applying, in the dissertation presented international system of quality ISO, such as managing sustainability of events ISO20121, to create new models of certification such as CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA) as an exceptionally important element for creating recognisability and branding of the tourist offer or introducing green events into the tourist offer of a destination. Tourism and by its conditioned offers of products and services present a developmental opportunity for a destination, especially if the developmental guidelines in tourism are harmonized with the desires and needs of the local community, but also all the interested stakeholders in the destination, managed by the state of the offer and demand, and the contemporary demands of tourists on the market. Through application of contemporary knowledge and skills, as well as contemporary technological solutions, the destination management creates a new tourist product of additional value, and gives particular attention towards preservation of resources as a foundation and comparative advantage of a destination for achieving competitiveness of a tourist offer. Successful synergy of tourism and heritage is possible through the creation of a model of a tourist event based on heritage which will, through its particularities, contribute to the creation of a greater competitive strength of a destination in which the heritage is situated, which directly contributes to the strengthening of economic performances, and strengthening of identity and self-consciousness of the local community. An empirical research was conducted, with a purpose of gathering primary data, and testing the hypothesis, on a model of four top tourist events according to the criteria of the Croatian Tourist Board, which are related on the estimate of visitors, and needs to be above 10,000 in different tourist destinations of the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted with the goal of determining the influence of tourist events on satisfaction of guests with the offer of tourist events based on heritage. Considering the fact that neither tourist boards, nor organizers of events don´t have precise data about the number of visitors of events, but have expressed interest during the contact merely an estimate of the number of visitors, for the calculation of the sample in the dissertation the author used the number of accommodation units (bearing in mind basic and additional accommodation units), and methods used in similar previous researches were applied. V A research was conducted for the purpose of the Dissertation on the sample of guests situated in the accommodation units in the cities of Rijeka, Varaždin, Koprivnica and Đakovo, in a way that an opinion of visitors of events was acquired personally by interview, or by filling out a questionnaire. Visitors who stayed in the destinations during the selected events were questioned. Empirical research based on gathering primary data was conducted in the field by using the survey method by which the basic instrument of acquiring the data was the questionnaire printed in Croatian and English languages. In the mentioned research, there was some words about value-adding of tourist events from the aspect of visitor´s satisfaction, their motives for their visits, the way of informing potential visitors about the events and similar. The survey was conducted during the tourist events based on heritage, and the respondents were selected randomly. During the collection of data, the technique of personal interview was used mostly, while the survey method was used less. The author conducted data gathering along with the help of specially prepared interviewers to whom the research goals were explained previously, the elements of the questionnaire and the ways of conduct in the field. Following, a questionnaire made up of six questions was presented and explained to every respondent, and the questions were related to the socio-demographic profile of respondents, information related about the motive of their visit to the destination, way of being informed about the destination´s offer, level of satisfaction of the destination´s offer and tourist event based on heritage which they visited, and achieved tourist consumption. One of the research goals was to determine how high influence has the motive of getting acquainted with the heritage on their decision for visiting the event and a destination, as well as getting to know their habits and consumption during the tourist event. Managing models of tourist events based on heritage were made based on the gathered results of the primary research, weaknesses and flaws of the existing offer were presented, as well as opportunities and threats that can be brought by further development of the offer to the tourist event. In the remaining chapters of the Doctoral Dissertation, and based on the conducted primary and secondary research, in which contemporary scientific literature and findings about the characteristics about the tourist offer and demand were taken into consideration, the goal was to determine possibilities of inclusion of heritage in a tourist product while preserving its originality and determining advantages and disadvantages that synergy between culture and tourism has on heritage preservation. Besides the already mentioned, the goal was to determine the most optimal model of financing the heritage renewal and tourist events, and in which way application of modern Information Technologies influences the increasing satisfaction of visitors, preservation and promotion of heritage, and increasing competitiveness of a tourist event based on heritage, especially if taken into consideration contemporary habits of visitors regarding informing themselves through websites and social networks, and applicative solutions created by the offer carriers. The focus of the Dissertation was focused on systematization of all gathered results of research with a purpose of finding the most optimal model of a tourist event based on heritage as a product which will result in achieving synergy between heritage and tourism, in a way that heritage is preserved and improved according to the principles of sustainable development. A model of certification CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA) and model of organization of tourist events based on heritage were presented in the Dissertation, with a goal of increasing quality and recognisability of the events based on heritage. Before conducting the empirical research, all available domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature was consulted, and the result of the research represents systematization of previous researches of influence of tourist events on a tourist destination, heritage, identity and life habits of local communities and all stakeholders in a destination. Based on the analysis of results obtained by primary research, and interpretation of secondary data obtained by secondary literature with the application of scientific methods of induction, deduction, historical method, method of definition, method of analysis and synthesis, and application of statistical methods, all the given goals in the Dissertation were achieved, and all the set hypothesis were tested.

Baština predstavlja važan element identiteta svake zajednice, a njeno očuvanje predstavlja jamstvo za opstojnost naroda u suvremenom globaliziranom svijetu. Očuvanje baštine predstavlja nužan element za jačanje samosvijesti pojedinca i stvaranja osjećaja pripadnosti određenom narodu i kulturi s ciljem jačanja osobnoga identiteta. Zbog svoje važnosti baština predstavlja važan element doktorske disertacije te je u cilju njenoga očuvanja i unapređenja postojala potreba istražiti modele uključivanja baštine u turistički proizvod na način da se elementi baštine sačuvaju od zaborava (nematerijalna baština) ili od propadanja (materijalna baština) uz primjenu principa održivoga razvoja. Uspješna sinergija turizma i baštine moguća je putem osmišljavanja modela turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini koji će svojim osobitostima pridonijeti stvaranju veće konkurentske snage destinacije u kojoj se nalazi baština, što izravno pridonosi jačanju ekonomskih performansi, jačanju identiteta i samosvijesti lokalne zajednice. U svrhu prikupljanja primarnih podataka te testiranja hipoteza, provedeno je empirijsko istraživanje na modelu četiri turistička događaja u različitim turističkim destinacijama Republike Hrvatske, tijekom kojeg su ispitani stavovi posjetitelja turističkih događaja temeljenih na baštini. Jedan od ciljeva istraživanja bio je utvrditi koja struktura posjetitelja posjećuje navedene turističke događaje, kolika je njihova razina zadovoljstva posjetom i ponudom na lokalitetu događaja, te koliki utjecaj na njihovu odluku za posjetom događaju ima motiv upoznavanja baštine. Nadalje, cilj je bio utvrditi mogućnosti održivoga uključivanja baštine u turistički proizvod uz očuvanje njene izvornosti te određivanje prednosti i nedostataka koje ima sinergija između kulture i turizma na očuvanje baštine. Osim navedenog cilj je bio utvrditi koji je najoptimalniji model financiranja obnove baštine i turističkih događaja te na koji način primjena suvremenih IT tehnologija utječe na povećanje zadovoljstva posjetitelja, očuvanje i promociju baštine, i na povećanje konkurentnosti turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini. Fokus rada je bio usmjeren na sistematizaciju svih dobivenih rezultata istraživanja u svrhu iznalaženja optimalnoga modela turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini. U cilju povećanja kvalitete i konkurentnosti turističke ponude i prepoznatljivosti događaja temeljenih na baštini u radu je prezentiran model turističkoga događaja temeljenoga na baštini i proces certificiranja CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA)., Contemporary tourism demand is more and more heterogeneous, and the diversity of offers on the tourist market stimulates destination management to continuously create new and innovative products in the form of tourist events, which will result in creating new experiences and motivations for tourist arrival in a destination. The goal of creating tourist events is to improve a competitive position of tourist offers on the tourist market. Formation of tourist events based on heritage will contribute to this by contributing to quality and diversity of a tourist product, creating additional economic value and strengthening the identity and sense of belonging, and building trust among visitors and destination inhabitants. National heritage represents an important element of identity for every community, and its preservation represents a foundation for survival of a nation in the contemporary globalized world. National heritage preservation represents an important element for strengthening self-consciousness of an individual and creating a sense of belonging for a certain people and culture with a goal of strengthening personal identity. Today, national heritage represents a much broader term than a mere witness to a historical period. It is a witness of a material and non-material legacy of our ancestors, and it’s a testament to the way of life, beliefs, customs, and other elements of human identity, as well as the development of human thought through the turbulent centuries and historical periods. In numerous cases over time, heritage has been exposed to numerous risks which can cause its permanent damage or disappearance, through pollution, acid rain, erosion, inadequate conservation, change of developmental guidelines by the owner or manager of the material heritage, emigration and immigration of people, high mortality, or lack of interest of the contemporary population for tradition of their non-material heritage. Due to its importance and previously mentioned, heritage represents an important element of research of a Doctoral Dissertation with a goal of ensuring its sustainable development, renewal and conservation through value-added tourism. Synergy of tourism and heritage provides exceptional developmental possibilities for the tourism offer carriers, but also preserves the nature of the heritage itself, as an exceptionally sensitive resource. With a goal of its preservation and improvement, and while noticing lack of any similar analysis, there was a necessity to explore and offer in a scientific and professional way, sustainable models of inclusion of heritage in a tourist product in a way that the elements of heritage are preserved from oblivion (non-material heritage) or waste (material heritage) while applying the principles of sustainable development. As previously mentioned, it is possible to achieve by applying, in the dissertation presented international system of quality ISO, such as managing sustainability of events ISO20121, to create new models of certification such as CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA) as an exceptionally important element for creating recognisability and branding of the tourist offer or introducing green events into the tourist offer of a destination. Tourism and by its conditioned offers of products and services present a developmental opportunity for a destination, especially if the developmental guidelines in tourism are harmonized with the desires and needs of the local community, but also all the interested stakeholders in the destination, managed by the state of the offer and demand, and the contemporary demands of tourists on the market. Through application of contemporary knowledge and skills, as well as contemporary technological solutions, the destination management creates a new tourist product of additional value, and gives particular attention towards preservation of resources as a foundation and comparative advantage of a destination for achieving competitiveness of a tourist offer. Successful synergy of tourism and heritage is possible through the creation of a model of a tourist event based on heritage which will, through its particularities, contribute to the creation of a greater competitive strength of a destination in which the heritage is situated, which directly contributes to the strengthening of economic performances, and strengthening of identity and self-consciousness of the local community. An empirical research was conducted, with a purpose of gathering primary data, and testing the hypothesis, on a model of four top tourist events according to the criteria of the Croatian Tourist Board, which are related on the estimate of visitors, and needs to be above 10,000 in different tourist destinations of the Republic of Croatia. The research was conducted with the goal of determining the influence of tourist events on satisfaction of guests with the offer of tourist events based on heritage. Considering the fact that neither tourist boards, nor organizers of events don´t have precise data about the number of visitors of events, but have expressed interest during the contact merely an estimate of the number of visitors, for the calculation of the sample in the dissertation the author used the number of accommodation units (bearing in mind basic and additional accommodation units), and methods used in similar previous researches were applied. V A research was conducted for the purpose of the Dissertation on the sample of guests situated in the accommodation units in the cities of Rijeka, Varaždin, Koprivnica and Đakovo, in a way that an opinion of visitors of events was acquired personally by interview, or by filling out a questionnaire. Visitors who stayed in the destinations during the selected events were questioned. Empirical research based on gathering primary data was conducted in the field by using the survey method by which the basic instrument of acquiring the data was the questionnaire printed in Croatian and English languages. In the mentioned research, there was some words about value-adding of tourist events from the aspect of visitor´s satisfaction, their motives for their visits, the way of informing potential visitors about the events and similar. The survey was conducted during the tourist events based on heritage, and the respondents were selected randomly. During the collection of data, the technique of personal interview was used mostly, while the survey method was used less. The author conducted data gathering along with the help of specially prepared interviewers to whom the research goals were explained previously, the elements of the questionnaire and the ways of conduct in the field. Following, a questionnaire made up of six questions was presented and explained to every respondent, and the questions were related to the socio-demographic profile of respondents, information related about the motive of their visit to the destination, way of being informed about the destination´s offer, level of satisfaction of the destination´s offer and tourist event based on heritage which they visited, and achieved tourist consumption. One of the research goals was to determine how high influence has the motive of getting acquainted with the heritage on their decision for visiting the event and a destination, as well as getting to know their habits and consumption during the tourist event. Managing models of tourist events based on heritage were made based on the gathered results of the primary research, weaknesses and flaws of the existing offer were presented, as well as opportunities and threats that can be brought by further development of the offer to the tourist event. In the remaining chapters of the Doctoral Dissertation, and based on the conducted primary and secondary research, in which contemporary scientific literature and findings about the characteristics about the tourist offer and demand were taken into consideration, the goal was to determine possibilities of inclusion of heritage in a tourist product while preserving its originality and determining advantages and disadvantages that synergy between culture and tourism has on heritage preservation. Besides the already mentioned, the goal was to determine the most optimal model of financing the heritage renewal and tourist events, and in which way application of modern Information Technologies influences the increasing satisfaction of visitors, preservation and promotion of heritage, and increasing competitiveness of a tourist event based on heritage, especially if taken into consideration contemporary habits of visitors regarding informing themselves through websites and social networks, and applicative solutions created by the offer carriers. The focus of the Dissertation was focused on systematization of all gathered results of research with a purpose of finding the most optimal model of a tourist event based on heritage as a product which will result in achieving synergy between heritage and tourism, in a way that heritage is preserved and improved according to the principles of sustainable development. A model of certification CroHeritage Festival Awards (CFA) and model of organization of tourist events based on heritage were presented in the Dissertation, with a goal of increasing quality and recognisability of the events based on heritage. Before conducting the empirical research, all available domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature was consulted, and the result of the research represents systematization of previous researches of influence of tourist events on a tourist destination, heritage, identity and life habits of local communities and all stakeholders in a destination. Based on the analysis of results obtained by primary research, and interpretation of secondary data obtained by secondary literature with the application of scientific methods of induction, deduction, historical method, method of definition, method of analysis and synthesis, and application of statistical methods, all the given goals in the Dissertation were achieved, and all the set hypothesis were tested.

Tourist events are considered as very important aspect of tourist offer of cities. In the current tourist offer, tourism of events presents a kind of tourism that could contribute to extending the tourist demand, especially if tourist site or region already posses natural and anthropogenic values. Municipality of Krusevac represents regional and cultural centre of Rasina region in Serbia, as well as the crossroad of tourist transit ways to mount Kopaonik, mount Jastrebac and spa Vrnjacka Banja. The aim of this research is to establish the correlation between the events in Krusevac, as well as the determination of event number, ranking, type, regional distribution, but also the organizational and marketing activities that follow those events. Most important aspect of this research will be in function of foreseeing the potentials for the event tourism development and affirmation of existing events that take place within this municipality. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 47007: Geography of Serbia]

Dans un contexte de concurrence territoriale exacerbée, de nombreuses villes tentent d’accroître leur attractivité touristique par l’organisation d’événements dont elles attendent de substantielles retombées économiques et médiatiques (Gravari-Barbas et Jacquot, 2007). La course à l’événement est telle que certains auteurs évoquent l’émergence, à partir des années 1980, d’une « ville événementielle » (Chaudoir, 2007). Cette « prolifération événementielle » (Cazes, 2002) entraîne un renouvellement de l’action urbanistique marqué par l’abandon de l’urbanisme fonctionnel et figé au profit d’un urbanisme festif et flexible fondé sur la réversibilité des fonctions (Pradel, 2007). Bien qu’éphémère, l’événement laisse des traces matérielles et immatérielles dans la mémoire collective (Gravari-Barbas et Veschambre, 2005). Comment appréhender la postérité d’un événement dont l’essence même est d’être inscrit dans le temps restreint de la célébration ? Que reste-t-il de l’événement après l’événement ? L’article apportera quelques éléments de réponses à cette double question à travers l’exemple de l’Exposition internationale organisée à Saragosse en 2008. Sept ans après sa célébration, quelle mémoire conserve-t-on de cet événement au bilan en demi-teinte, entre prouesses techniques et relatif échec économique ? La réflexion se nourrira de l’analyse des résultats de l’enquête réalisée tant auprès d’acteurs que d’usagers de ces espaces publics fluviaux aménagés pour l’Exposition internationale et aujourd’hui inégalement appropriés. In a context of territorial competition, numerous cities try to increase their tourist attractiveness by organizing events, thus hoping to gain significant economic benefits and media reaction (Gravari-Barbas et Jacquot, 2007). The increase in the event organization has been so important since the 1980’s that some authors present the emergence of “event cities” (Chaudoir, 2007). Indeed, the multiplication of events (Cazes, 2002) brings about the urban planning renewal, which relinquishes the functional and practical principles of urban planning in favour of a festive and flexible urban planning, based on reversible functions (Pradel, 2007). Although transient, the event leaves material and immaterial traces in the collective memory (Gravari-Barbas et Veschambre, 2005). How is it possible to apprehend the subsequent evolution of an event whose essence is represented by the limited time of the celebration? What remains of the event after the event? This article will bring some elements of the answer to these questions by analyzing the example of the International Exhibition organized in Saragossa in 2008. What memory can one hold of this event which was a technical exploit but a relative economic failure, seven years later? The reflection is based on the analysis of the outcomes of the investigation conducted both with the stakeholders and with the users of these public river places planned for the International Exhibition and unevenly appropriated.

Dans un contexte de concurrence territoriale exacerbée, de nombreuses villes tentent d’accroître leur attractivité touristique par l’organisation d’événements dont elles attendent de substantielles retombées économiques et médiatiques (Gravari-Barbas et Jacquot, 2007). La course à l’événement est telle que certains auteurs évoquent l’émergence, à partir des années 1980, d’une « ville événementielle » (Chaudoir, 2007). Cette « prolifération événementielle » (Cazes, 2002) entraîne un renouvellement de l’action urbanistique marqué par l’abandon de l’urbanisme fonctionnel et figé au profit d’un urbanisme festif et flexible fondé sur la réversibilité des fonctions (Pradel, 2007). Bien qu’éphémère, l’événement laisse des traces matérielles et immatérielles dans la mémoire collective (Gravari-Barbas et Veschambre, 2005). Comment appréhender la postérité d’un événement dont l’essence même est d’être inscrit dans le temps restreint de la célébration ? Que reste-t-il de l’événement après l’événement ? L’article apportera quelques éléments de réponses à cette double question à travers l’exemple de l’Exposition internationale organisée à Saragosse en 2008. Sept ans après sa célébration, quelle mémoire conserve-t-on de cet événement au bilan en demi-teinte, entre prouesses techniques et relatif échec économique ? La réflexion se nourrira de l’analyse des résultats de l’enquête réalisée tant auprès d’acteurs que d’usagers de ces espaces publics fluviaux aménagés pour l’Exposition internationale et aujourd’hui inégalement appropriés., In a context of territorial competition, numerous cities try to increase their tourist attractiveness by organizing events, thus hoping to gain significant economic benefits and media reaction (Gravari-Barbas et Jacquot, 2007). The increase in the event organization has been so important since the 1980’s that some authors present the emergence of “event cities” (Chaudoir, 2007). Indeed, the multiplication of events (Cazes, 2002) brings about the urban planning renewal, which relinquishes the functional and practical principles of urban planning in favour of a festive and flexible urban planning, based on reversible functions (Pradel, 2007). Although transient, the event leaves material and immaterial traces in the collective memory (Gravari-Barbas et Veschambre, 2005). How is it possible to apprehend the subsequent evolution of an event whose essence is represented by the limited time of the celebration? What remains of the event after the event? This article will bring some elements of the answer to these questions by analyzing the example of the International Exhibition organized in Saragossa in 2008. What memory can one hold of this event which was a technical exploit but a relative economic failure, seven years later? The reflection is based on the analysis of the outcomes of the investigation conducted both with the stakeholders and with the users of these public river places planned for the International Exhibition and unevenly appropriated.

In the current tourist offer, tourism of events presents a kind of tourism that could contribute to extending the tourist demand, especially towards natural and anthropogenic values of a tourist site or region. West Morava's area is the southernmost Panonian-subregion in Serbia, and is related to the valley of the West Morava River. This region is also one of the most visited tourist destinations in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to establish the correlation between the formal events and spa resorts, rural, cultural, and gastronomic tourism in the area which also presents a significant transitive tourist destination.

In the countries in transition, such as Serbia, event tourism represents a form of tourist offer and marketing directed towards attractive natural and anthropogenic touristic values and localities, with the purpose of their inclusion into important international tourist destinations. Event tourism as a part of overall economic activities, with its own economic effects, has a role in opening of less developed regions towards potential investors manufacturers and consumers and also in improving employment and overall national income. This paper will point out the events in less developed regions of Serbia, as a base for development of touristic and overall economy.

Tourist events represent a highly valuable element of an integral tourist product, so it is necessary to dedicate significant attention to them, considering that their uniqueness enables high positioning of a tourist destination on the tourist market and creating additional value of tourist offer. Eastern Croatia is abundant with various and unique events based on tradition and cultural heritage, which take place all year round, and which can, through use of adequate knowledge and skills, and marketing activities, contribute significantly to the competitiveness of its tourist offer and creation of a recognizable brand. The purpose of the paper is to point out the importance of managing events with a goal of enriching and diversifying the tourist offer of Eastern Croatia, while the goal of the paper is to present the current offer of events of Eastern Croatia, and give a proposition of strategic and promotional guidelines for improving and expanding tourist offer with a goal of strengthening competitive advantages of (Eastern) Croatia as a tourist destination.

En este trabajo final del grado se analiza la importancia de los eventos turísticos en general y en particular de Valencia, a través de la definición de los eventos turísticos y el conocimiento de la repercusión positiva de este sector a nivel económico, así como su evolución histórica. Igualmente, se estudia la literatura existente sobre este tipo de turismo y se justifica esta guía como una herramienta para mejorar el conocimiento sobre este sector turístico en la creación y gestión de eventos desde la oferta, demanda y los destinos. Así se exponen los objetivos, la estructura, características, y contenidos que se han considerado oportunos para la elaboración de esta guía, destacando las distintas unidades temáticas que debería contener la misma y importancia de una formación adecuada para la creación y gestión de eventos. Finalmente, se resumen los pasos seguidos en la búsqueda de editoriales potenciales susceptibles de publicar esta guía en un futuro. Como característica importante se destaca que a lo largo de la presentación de las unidades temáticas, se ha apostado por la calidad considerando e incorporando ejemplos prácticos y casos reales así como testimonios de profesionales de este sector que, sin duda, enriquecerán esta aportación, This work discusses the importance of tourist events in general and in particular of Valencia, through the definition of tourist events and the knowledge of the positive impact of this sector from an economical point of view as well as through its historical evolution. Similarly, the literature of this type of tourism and the justification of this guide as a tool to improve the knowledge of this tourism sector in the creation and management of events is studied from the supply, demand and destinations. The objectives, structure, characteristics, and content those are considered desirable for the making of this guide are explained, highlighting the various thematic units that should contain the same and the importance of proper training for the creation and event management. Finally, the steps followed in the search for potential publishers likely to publish this guide in the future are summarized. As important feature that stands out over the presentation of the thematic units, has been committed to quality considering and incorporating practical examples and real cases as well as testimonials from industry professionals that will undoubtedly enrich this contribution.