37 results on '"Torrents-Rodas, David"'
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2. Fear Conditioning Deficits in Children and Adolescents with Psychopathic Traits: a Study in a Clinical Population
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Ivanova-Serokhvostova, Anastasiya, Molinuevo, Beatriz, Torrents-Rodas, David, Bonillo, Albert, Pérez-Bonaventura, Iris, Corrales, Montserrat, Pamias, Montserrat, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, and Torrubia, Rafael
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- 2022
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3. Neural correlates of fear conditioning and fear extinction and its association with cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Cano, Marta, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Giménez, Mònica, Torrents-Rodas, David, Real, Eva, Alonso, Pino, Segalàs, Cinto, Munuera, Josep, Menchón, José Manuel, Cardoner, Narcís, Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Fullana, Miquel A.
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- 2021
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4. A rise in prediction error increases attention to irrelevant cues
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Torrents-Rodas, David, Koenig, Stephan, Uengoer, Metin, and Lachnit, Harald
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- 2021
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5. Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD)
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Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, Torrents-Rodas, David, García-Alba, Javier, Ribas-Vidal, Núria, and Novell-Alsina, Ramon
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- 2018
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6. Traducción y validación de la versión española de la escala Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD)
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Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, Torrents-Rodas, David, García-Alba, Javier, Ribas-Vidal, Núria, and Novell-Alsina, Ramon
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- 2018
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7. Does fear extinction in the laboratory predict outcomes of exposure therapy? A treatment analog study
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Forcadell, Eduard, Torrents-Rodas, David, Vervliet, Bram, Leiva, David, Tortella-Feliu, Miquel, and Fullana, Miquel A.
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- 2017
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8. High Incidence of Copy Number Variants in Adults with Intellectual Disability and Co-morbid Psychiatric Disorders
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Viñas-Jornet, Marina, Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, Baena, Neus, Ribas-Vidal, Núria, Ruiz, Anna, Torrents-Rodas, David, Gabau, Elisabeth, Vilella, Elisabet, Martorell, Lourdes, Armengol, Lluís, Novell, Ramon, and Guitart, Míriam
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- 2018
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9. The effect of prediction error on overt attention and learning in humans
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Torrents-Rodas, David, primary, Koenig, Stephan, additional, Uengoer, Metin, additional, and Lachnit, Harald, additional
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- 2023
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10. Conditioned Fear Acquisition and Generalization in Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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Tinoco-González, Daniella, Fullana, Miquel Angel, Torrents-Rodas, David, Bonillo, Albert, Vervliet, Bram, Blasco, María Jesús, Farré, Magí, and Torrubia, Rafael
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- 2015
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11. The effect of prediction error on overt attention and learning in humans
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Torrents-Rodas, David
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- 2023
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12. No effect of trait anxiety on differential fear conditioning or fear generalization
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Torrents-Rodas, David, Fullana, Miquel A., Bonillo, Albert, Caseras, Xavier, Andión, Oscar, and Torrubia, Rafael
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- 2013
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13. Hunger and Satiety Peptides: Is There a Pattern to Classify Patients with Prader-Willi Syndrome?
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Bueno, Marta, primary, Boixadera-Planas, Ester, additional, Blanco-Hinojo, Laura, additional, Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, additional, Giménez-Palop, Olga, additional, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Pujol, Jesús, additional, Corripio, Raquel, additional, Deus, Joan, additional, and Caixàs, Assumpta, additional
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- 2021
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14. Prediction error and overt attention to relevant and irrelevant cues: Evidence for an interaction of two associability mechanisms
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Torrents Rodas, David and Lachnit, Harald (Prof. Dr.)
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FOS: Psychology ,ddc:150 ,Psychologie ,Psychology ,associative learning ,attention ,Aufmerksamkeit ,Assoziatives Lernen - Abstract
Humans and other animals use cues in the environment to make predictions about important outcomes, thus preparing themselves to respond to those events. Prediction error refers to the extent to which an outcome is surprising in the presence of one or more cues. Within the research area of associative learning, some theories suggest that prediction error changes the amount of attention paid to cues. It was initially proposed that the attentional changes were driven by either relative or overall prediction error. In the first case, attention increases for cues generating less prediction error than other concurrent cues, otherwise attention decreases (Mackintosh, 1975). In the second case, the amount of attention paid to each cue is directly related to overall prediction error, i.e. how surprising the outcome is considering all the present cues (Pearce & Hall, 1980). Evidence for the role of relative prediction error comes from studies with pairs of cues including a component relevant to outcome prediction, together with an irrelevant component. Evidence for a role of overall prediction error comes from studies in which cues generating different amounts of prediction error are trained separately. Given that considering both relative and overall prediction error may account for a wider range of attentional changes, the two mechanisms were incorporated into hybrid models (e.g., Le Pelley, 2004). However, evidence for those models in humans is still scarce. The aim of the present thesis was to study the effect of a sudden rise in overall prediction error on overt attention to cues that were either relevant or irrelevant to outcome prediction, i.e. differing in terms of relative prediction error. Rather than considering sustained levels of prediction error, we focused primarily on sudden changes, because they are involved in important behavioral phenomena, such as the return of pathological anxiety. Each of the two studies included in the thesis started with a discrimination training, in which participants had to predict the occurrence of two possible outcomes. Participants’ eye gaze showed that the relevant cues received more attention than the irrelevant cues. In a second stage, contingency reversal (Study I) or partial reinforcement (Study II) led to a rise in prediction error, as indicated by a drop in the accuracy of outcome predictions. The attentional preference for the relevant cues was temporarily weakened by contingency reversal, and it was completely lost following the introduction of partial reinforcement. In addition, both manipulations increased the amount of attention paid to both types of cues. The data were consistent with a combined effect of relative and overall prediction error, thus providing evidence for the hybrid models. In addition, the results have implications for understanding changes in attention to contextual cues., Menschen und andere Tiere nutzen Hinweisreize aus der Umwelt, um Vorhersagen über wichtige Ereignisse zu treffen, wodurch sie sich auf diese Ereignisse vorbereiten können. Der Vorhersagefehler bezeichnet das Ausmaß, in dem ein Ereignis bei Vorhandensein von einem oder mehreren Hinweisreizen überraschend ist. Einige Theorien aus dem Bereich des Assoziativen Lernens nehmen an, dass Vorhersagefehler das Ausmaß an Aufmerksamkeit auf Hinweisreize verändern. Ursprünglich wurde postuliert, dass Aufmerksamkeitsveränderungen entweder durch relative oder globale Vorhersagefehler gesteuert werden. Im ersten Fall steigt die Aufmerksamkeit auf Hinweisreize, die einen geringeren Vorhersagefehler als andere, gleichzeitig präsentierte Hinweisreize erzeugen – andernfalls sinkt die Aufmerksamkeit (Mackintosh, 1975). Im zweiten Fall steht die Aufmerksamkeit auf einen Hinweisreiz in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem globalen Vorhersagefehler, d. h. wie Überraschend ein Ereignis vor dem Hintergrund aller anwesenden Hinweisreize ist (Pearce & Hall, 1980). Belege für die Rolle des relativen Vorhersagefehlers stammen aus Studien, bei denen Paare von Hinweisreizen verwendet wurden, die sich jeweils aus einer für die Vorhersage relevanten Komponente und einer irrelevanten Komponente zusammensetzen. Belege für einen globalen Vorhersagefehler kommen aus Studien, bei denen Hinweisreize, die sich in der Größe des Vorhersagefehlers unterscheiden, separat trainiert werden. Da relative und globale Vorhersagefehler ein breites Spektrum an Aufmerksamkeitsveränderungen erklären, wurden beide Mechanismen in hybride Modelle integriert (z.B., Le Pelley, 2004). Allerdings ist die Befundlage im Humanbereich für diese Modelle noch gering. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, den Einfluss eines plötzlichen Anstiegs des globalen Vorhersagefehlers auf die offene Aufmerksamkeit zu untersuchen, die sich auf Hinweisreize richtet, die für eine Vorhersage entweder relevant oder irrelevant waren, d. h. sich in Bezug auf den relativen Vorhersagefehler unterschieden. Wir konzentrierten uns auf plötzliche Änderungen des Vorhersagefehlers anstelle anhaltender Fehlerniveaus, da diese bei wichtigen Verhaltensphänomenen eine Rolle spielen, wie z. B. der Rückkehr pathologischer Angst. In zwei Studien erhielten Probanden zunächst ein Diskriminationstraining, bei dem das Auftreten von zwei möglichen Ereignissen vorhergesagt werden musste. Hierbei ergaben Blickbewegungsmessungen, dass relevante Komponenten mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wurde als irrelevanten Komponenten. In einer zweiten Phase führte ein Kontingenzwechsel (Studie I) oder partielle Verstärkung (Studie II) zu einem Anstieg des Vorhersagefehlers, welches sich in einer Abnahme der Vorhersagegenauigkeit widerspiegelte. Die Aufmerksamkeitspräferenz für relevante Reize wurde durch den Kontingenzwechsel vorübergehend geschwächt und ging bei partieller Verstärkung vollständig verloren. Zudem führten beide Manipulationen zu einer Erhöhung der Aufmerksamkeit auf relevante und irrelevante Reize. Die vorliegenden Daten sprechen für einen kombinierten Einfluss des relativen und globalen Vorhersagefehlers und liefern somit Evidenz für die hybride Modelle. Auch lassen sich aus den vorliegenden Ergebnissen Implikationen für unser Verständnis von Aufmerksamkeitsveränderungen bei kontextuellen Reize ableiten.
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- 2021
15. sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218211019308 – Supplemental material for Evidence for two attentional mechanisms during learning
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Torrents-Rodas, David, Koenig, Stephan, Uengoer, Metin, and Lachnit, Harald
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FOS: Psychology ,170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified - Abstract
Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-qjp-10.1177_17470218211019308 for Evidence for two attentional mechanisms during learning by David Torrents-Rodas, Stephan Koenig, Metin Uengoer and Harald Lachnit in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
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- 2021
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16. Value-driven interference in visual search: Attention to reward-associated distractors.
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Koenig, Stephan, primary, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Üngör, Metin, additional, and Lachnit, Harald, additional
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- 2021
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17. Evidence for two attentional mechanisms during learning
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Torrents-Rodas, David, primary, Koenig, Stephan, additional, Uengoer, Metin, additional, and Lachnit, Harald, additional
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- 2021
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18. The impact of non-additive genetic associations on age-related complex diseases
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Bioinformàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Arquitectura de Computadors, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions, Guindo Martínez, Marta, Amela Milian, Ramon, Bonàs Guarch, Silvia, Puiggros Maldonado, Montserrat, Salvoro, Cecilia, Miguel Escalada, Irene, Sánchez Castaño, Friman, Ramón Cortés, Cristian, Badia Sala, Rosa Maria, Ejarque Artigas, Jorge, Mercader Bigas, Josep Maria, Torrents Rodas, David, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Bioinformàtica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Doctorat en Arquitectura de Computadors, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions, Guindo Martínez, Marta, Amela Milian, Ramon, Bonàs Guarch, Silvia, Puiggros Maldonado, Montserrat, Salvoro, Cecilia, Miguel Escalada, Irene, Sánchez Castaño, Friman, Ramón Cortés, Cristian, Badia Sala, Rosa Maria, Ejarque Artigas, Jorge, Mercader Bigas, Josep Maria, and Torrents Rodas, David
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Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are not fully comprehensive, as current strategies typically test only the additive model, exclude the X chromosome, and use only one reference panel for genotype imputation. We implement an extensive GWAS strategy, GUIDANCE, which improves genotype imputation by using multiple reference panels and includes the analysis of the X chromosome and non-additive models to test for association. We apply this methodology to 62,281 subjects across 22 age-related diseases and identify 94 genome-wide associated loci, including 26 previously unreported. Moreover, we observe that 27.7% of the 94 loci are missed if we use standard imputation strategies with a single reference panel, such as HRC, and only test the additive model. Among the new findings, we identify three novel low-frequency recessive variants with odds ratios larger than 4, which need at least a three-fold larger sample size to be detected under the additive model. This study highlights the benefits of applying innovative strategies to better uncover the genetic architecture of complex diseases., This work has been sponsored by the grant SEV-2011-00067 and SEV2015-0493 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government, by the grant TIN2015- 65316-P, awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (contract 2014-SGR-1051). This work was supported by an EFSD/Lilly research fellowship. Josep M. Mercader was supported by a Sara Borrell Fellowship from the Instituto Carlos III, Beatriu de Pinós fellowship from the Agency for Management of University and Research Grants (AGAUR) and by the American Diabetes Association Innovative and Clinical Translational Award 1-19-ICTS-068. Sílvia Bonàs was supported by FI-DGR Fellowship from FIDGR 2013 from Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya), and a ‘Juan de la Cierva’ postdoctoral fellowship (MINECO;FJCI-2017-32090). Cecilia Salvoro received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2016- 754433. Cristian Ramon-Cortes pre-doctoral contract is financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities under contract BES-2016-076791. Elizabeth G. Atkinson was supported by the National Institutes of Mental Health (grants K01MH121659 and T32MH017119). Jose Florez was supported by NIH/NIDDK award K24 DK110550. This study made use of data generated by the UK10K Consortium, derived from samples from UK10K COHORT IMPUTATION (EGAS00001000713). A full list of the investigators who contributed to the generation of the data is available at www.UK10K.org. Funding for UK10K was provided by the Wellcome Trust under award WT091310. This study made use of data generated by the ‘Genome of the Netherlands’ project, which is funded by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (grant no. 184021007). The data were made available as a Rainbow Project of BBMRI-NL. Samples were contributed by LifeLines (http://lifeline, Peer Reviewed, Article signat per 22 autors/autores: Marta Guindo-Martínez 1,18; Ramon Amela 1,18; Silvia Bonàs-Guarch 1,2,3; Montserrat Puiggròs 1; Cecilia Salvoro 1; Irene Miguel-Escalada 1,2,3; Caitlin E. Carey 4,5; Joanne B. Cole 6,7,8,9; Sina Rüeger 10; Elizabeth Atkinson 4,5,11; Aaron Leong 8,12; Friman Sanchez 1; Cristian Ramon-Cortes 1; Jorge Ejarque 1; Duncan S. Palmer 4,5,17; Mitja Kurki 10; FinnGen Consortium*, Krishna Aragam 11,13,14; Jose C. Florez 6,7,15; Rosa M. Badia 1; Josep M. Mercader 1,6,7,15,19✉ & David Torrents 1,16,19✉ *A full list of members and their affiliations appears in the Supplementary Information 1 Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain. 2 Regulatory Genomics and Diabetes, Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. 3 CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain. 4 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. 5 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 6 Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. 7 Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 8 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 9 Division of Endocrinology and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 10 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 11 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. 12 Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 13 Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 14 Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 15 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Postprint (published version)
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- 2021
19. Altered Gesture Imitation and Brain Anatomy in Adult Prader–Willi Syndrome Patients
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Caixàs, Assumpta, primary, Blanco-Hinojo, Laura, additional, Pujol, Jesús, additional, Deus, Joan, additional, Giménez-Palop, Olga, additional, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Coronas, Ramon, additional, Novell, Ramon, additional, and Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, additional
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- 2021
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20. Random forest as a tumour genetic marker extractor
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Pérez Arnal, Raquel Leandra|||0000-0002-0041-8146, Garcia Gasulla, Dario|||0000-0001-6732-5641, Torrents Rodas, David, Pares, Ferran, Cortés García, Claudio Ulises|||0000-0003-0192-3096, Labarta Mancho, Jesús José|||0000-0002-7489-4727, Ayguadé Parra, Eduard|||0000-0002-5146-103X, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. KEMLG - Grup d'Enginyeria del Coneixement i Aprenentatge Automàtic, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions
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Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Bioinformàtica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Cancer -- Research ,Chromosomal rearrangements ,Tumor markers ,Marcadors tumorals ,Tumour genetic markers ,Càncer -- Investigació ,Random forest - Abstract
Finding tumour genetic markers is essential to biomedicine due to their relevance for cancer detection and therapy development. In this paper, we explore a recently released dataset of chromosome rearrangements in 2,586 cancer patients, where different sorts of alterations have been detected. Using a Random Forest classifier, we evaluate the relevance of several features (some directly available in the original data, some engineered by us) related to chromosome rearrangements. This evaluation results in a set of potential tumour genetic markers, some of which are validated in the bibliography, while others are potentially novel. This work is partially supported by the Joint Study Agreement no. W156463 under the IBM/BSC Deep Learning Center agreement, by the Spanish Government through Programa Severo Ochoa (SEV-2015-0493), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through TIN2015-65316-P project, and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (contracts 2017-SGR-1414).
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- 2019
21. Random forest as a tumour genetic marker extractor
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. KEMLG - Grup d'Enginyeria del Coneixement i Aprenentatge Automàtic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions, Pérez Arnal, Raquel Leandra, Garcia Gasulla, Dario, Torrents Rodas, David, Pares, Ferran, Cortés García, Claudio Ulises, Labarta Mancho, Jesús José, Ayguadé Parra, Eduard, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Arquitectura de Computadors, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. KEMLG - Grup d'Enginyeria del Coneixement i Aprenentatge Automàtic, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CAP - Grup de Computació d'Altes Prestacions, Pérez Arnal, Raquel Leandra, Garcia Gasulla, Dario, Torrents Rodas, David, Pares, Ferran, Cortés García, Claudio Ulises, Labarta Mancho, Jesús José, and Ayguadé Parra, Eduard
- Abstract
Finding tumour genetic markers is essential to biomedicine due to their relevance for cancer detection and therapy development. In this paper, we explore a recently released dataset of chromosome rearrangements in 2,586 cancer patients, where different sorts of alterations have been detected. Using a Random Forest classifier, we evaluate the relevance of several features (some directly available in the original data, some engineered by us) related to chromosome rearrangements. This evaluation results in a set of potential tumour genetic markers, some of which are validated in the bibliography, while others are potentially novel., This work is partially supported by the Joint Study Agreement no. W156463 under the IBM/BSC Deep Learning Center agreement, by the Spanish Government through Programa Severo Ochoa (SEV-2015-0493), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology through TIN2015-65316-P project, and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (contracts 2017-SGR-1414)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
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- 2019
22. Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
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Forcadell, Eduard, primary, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Treen, Devi, additional, Fullana, Miquel A., additional, and Tortella-Feliu, Miquel, additional
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- 2017
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23. Test Barcelona para discapacidad intelectual: un nuevo instrumento para la valoración neuropsicológica clínica de adultos con discapacidad intelectual
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Esteba Castillo, Susanna, primary, Peña Casanova, Jordi, additional, García Alba, Javier, additional, Castellanos, Miguel Ángel, additional, Torrents Rodas, David, additional, Rodríguez, Emili, additional, Deus Yela, Joan, additional, Caixàs, Assumpta, additional, and Novell Alsina, Ramon, additional
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- 2017
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24. Lack of Postprandial Peak in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome
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Bueno, Marta, primary, Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, additional, Novell, Ramon, additional, Giménez-Palop, Olga, additional, Coronas, Ramon, additional, Gabau, Elisabeth, additional, Corripio, Raquel, additional, Baena, Neus, additional, Viñas-Jornet, Marina, additional, Guitart, Míriam, additional, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Deus, Joan, additional, Pujol, Jesús, additional, Rigla, Mercedes, additional, and Caixàs, Assumpta, additional
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- 2016
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25. The Trail Making Test
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Llinàs-Reglà, Jordi, primary, Vilalta-Franch, Joan, additional, López-Pousa, Secundino, additional, Calvó-Perxas, Laia, additional, Torrents Rodas, David, additional, and Garre-Olmo, Josep, additional
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- 2016
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26. Individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear: Testing the effects of the BDNF-val66met polymorphism and trait anxiety
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Torrents Rodas, David, Torrubia Beltri, Rafael, Fullana Rivas, Miquel Àngel, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i de Medicina Legal
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Diferències individuals ,Condicionament de la por ,Ciències de la Salut ,Transtorns d'ansietat ,159.9 - Abstract
La present tesi doctoral s’emmarca en el model d’ansietat patològica del condicionament de la por. D’acord amb aquest model, l’ansietat clínica prové de processos de condicionament de la por anòmals i altres factors de diàtesi-estrès relacionats. Aquesta idea ha rebut suport d’estudis que mostren condicionament anòmal de la por en individus diagnosticats amb trastorns d’ansietat, però les evidències sobre aquestes anomalies en individus en risc d’ansietat clínica són escasses. Per aquesta raó, examinàrem les diferencies individuals en l’adquisició i la generalització de la por condicionada en participants sans que es caracteritzaven per diferents nivells de susceptibilitat a l’ansietat patològica. Dues fonts de vulnerabilitat a l’ansietat varen ser investigades: la variació al·lèlica en el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met (estudi 1) i l’ansietat tret (estudi 2). Malgrat el gruix important de recerca que s’ha portat a terme recentment sobre la relació entre el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met i l’ansietat patològica, no està clar quin dels al·lels s’associa a un major risc als trastorns d’ansietat. Per tant, esperàvem que la variació en el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met es traduiria en diferències en l’adquisició i la generalització de la por, però no teníem cap hipòtesi sobre la direcció d’aquesta associació. Per altra banda, i donat que l’ansietat tret representa un factor de risc a l’ansietat patològica, esperàvem que els individus amb elevada ansietat tret mostrarien una adquisició anòmala de la por i excessiva generalització. A banda, i donades les implicacions a nivell teòric i metodològic, també estudiàrem l’estabilitat temporal de les diferències individuals en l’adquisició i generalització de la por (estudi enviat per a la seva publicació, inclòs a l’annex). En contra de les nostres prediccions, no trobàrem cap efecte del polimorfisme BDNF-val66met, o de l’ansietat tret, en l’adquisició i la generalització de la por. En les tres mesures de por (reflex d’ensurt, resposta de conductància de la pell, i expectatives online de l’estímul incondicionat aversiu), els participants de tots dos estudis van mostrar condicionament diferencial durant l’adquisició de la por i un gradient de generalització normal, caracteritzat per una disminució gradual de la por a mesura que els estímuls de generalització eren menys semblants al senyal de perill. Per altra banda, els resultats de l’estudi sobre l’estabilitat temporal de les diferències individuals en l’adquisició i la generalització de la por semblen indicar que una part moderada de la variabilitat en aquests processos és influïda per característiques individuals estables. D’acord amb els nostres resultats, concloguérem que el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met i l’ansietat tret no s’associen amb l’adquisició o generalització anòmales de la por condicionada. Per tant, més que una diàtesi preexistent a l’ansietat patològica, l’adquisició i generalització de la por anòmales podrien ser la conseqüència d’altres factors patogènics que condueixen a l’aparició de l’ansietat patològica., The present Ph D dissertation is framed within the fear-conditioning model of pathological anxiety. According to this model, clinical anxiety emerges from abnormal fear-conditioning processes and other related diathesis-stress factors. This has been supported by studies showing abnormal fear conditioning in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders, but evidence of these abnormalities in individuals at risk for clinical anxiety is rather scarce. Thus, we examined individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of conditioned fear in healthy participants characterized by different levels of susceptibility to pathological anxiety. Two sources of variability in vulnerability to anxiety were investigated: allele variation in the BDNF-val66met polymorphism (study 1) and trait anxiety (study 2). Despite the important body of research conducted recently on the relationship between the BDNF-val66met polymorphism and pathological anxiety, it is far from clear which of the polymorphism alleles is associated with increased risk for anxiety disorders. Thus, we expected that variation in BDNF-val66met polymorphism would lead to differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear, but we did not have any hypothesis about the direction of this association. On the other hand, and given that high trait anxiety represents an established risk factor for pathological anxiety, we expected that individuals with high trait anxiety would show abnormal fear acquisition and overgeneralization of fear. In addition, and given its important theoretical and methodological implications, we also tested the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of conditioned fear (study submitted for publication included in the appendix). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find any effect of the BNDF-val66met polymorphism or trait anxiety on the acquisition and generalization of fear. For the three fear measures (startle reflex, skin conductance response, and online expectancies of the unconditioned aversive stimulus), participants from the two studies exhibited differential conditioning during fear acquisition and the normal generalization gradient, with a gradual decrease in fear as the generalization stimuli were less similar to the danger signal. On the other hand, the results of our unpublished study on the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear suggest that a moderate part of the variability in these processes is influenced by stable individual characteristics. Based on our results, we concluded that the BDNF-val66met polymorphism or high trait anxiety is not associated with abnormal acquisition or generalization of conditioned fear. Thus, rather than a preexisting diathesis for pathological anxiety, abnormal acquisition and generalization of fear may be the result of other pathogenic factors that lead to the onset of an anxiety disorder.
- Published
- 2013
27. A comprehensive assessment of somatic mutation detection in cancer using whole-genome sequencing
- Author
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Alioto, Tyler S., Buchhalter, Ivo, Derdak, Sophie, Torrents Rodas, David, Alioto, Tyler S., Buchhalter, Ivo, Derdak, Sophie, and Torrents Rodas, David
- Abstract
As whole-genome sequencing for cancer genome analysis becomes a clinical tool, a full understanding of the variables affecting sequencing analysis output is required. Here using tumour-normal sample pairs from two different types of cancer, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and medulloblastoma, we conduct a benchmarking exercise within the context of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. We compare sequencing methods, analysis pipelines and validation methods. We show that using PCR-free methods and increasing sequencing depth to ~100 × shows benefits, as long as the tumour:control coverage ratio remains balanced. We observe widely varying mutation call rates and low concordance among analysis pipelines, reflecting the artefact-prone nature of the raw data and lack of standards for dealing with the artefacts. However, we show that, using the benchmark mutation set we have created, many issues are in fact easy to remedy and have an immediate positive impact on mutation detection accuracy., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
- Published
- 2015
28. Maximizar la terapia de exposición: Un enfoque basado en el aprendizaje inhibitorio
- Author
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Torrents-Rodas, David, primary, Fullana, Miquel A., additional, Vervliet, Bram, additional, Treanor, Michael, additional, Conway, Chris, additional, Zbozinek, Tomislav, additional, and Craske, Michelle G., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Testing the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear
- Author
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Torrents-Rodas, David, primary, Fullana, Miquel A., additional, Bonillo, Albert, additional, Andión, Oscar, additional, Molinuevo, Beatriz, additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, and Torrubia, Rafael, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear testing the effects of the BDNF-val66met polymorphism and trait anxiety
- Author
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Torrúbia, Rafael, Fullana Rivas, Miguel Àngel, Torrents-Rodas, David, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal, Torrúbia, Rafael, Fullana Rivas, Miguel Àngel, Torrents-Rodas, David, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal
- Abstract
La present tesi doctoral s'emmarca en el model d'ansietat patològica del condicionament de la por. D'acord amb aquest model, l'ansietat clínica prové de processos de condicionament de la por anòmals i altres factors de diàtesi-estrès relacionats. Aquesta idea ha rebut suport d'estudis que mostren condicionament anòmal de la por en individus diagnosticats amb trastorns d'ansietat, però les evidències sobre aquestes anomalies en individus en risc d'ansietat clínica són escasses. Per aquesta raó, examinàrem les diferencies individuals en l'adquisició i la generalització de la por condicionada en participants sans que es caracteritzaven per diferents nivells de susceptibilitat a l'ansietat patològica. Dues fonts de vulnerabilitat a l'ansietat varen ser investigades: la variació al·lèlica en el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met (estudi 1) i l'ansietat tret (estudi 2). Malgrat el gruix important de recerca que s'ha portat a terme recentment sobre la relació entre el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met i l'ansietat patològica, no està clar quin dels al·lels s'associa a un major risc als trastorns d'ansietat. Per tant, esperàvem que la variació en el polimorfisme BDNF-val66met es traduiria en diferències en l'adquisició i la generalització de la por, però no teníem cap hipòtesi sobre la direcció d'aquesta associació. Per altra banda, i donat que l'ansietat tret representa un factor de risc a l'ansietat patològica, esperàvem que els individus amb elevada ansietat tret mostrarien una adquisició anòmala de la por i excessiva generalització. A banda, i donades les implicacions a nivell teòric i metodològic, també estudiàrem l'estabilitat temporal de les diferències individuals en l'adquisició i generalització de la por (estudi enviat per a la seva publicació, inclòs a l'annex). En contra de les nostres prediccions, no trobàrem cap efecte del polimorfisme BDNF-val66met, o de l'ansietat tret, en l'adquisició i la generalització de la por. En les tres mesures de por (reflex d'ensurt, resposta de, The present Ph D dissertation is framed within the fear-conditioning model of pathological anxiety. According to this model, clinical anxiety emerges from abnormal fear-conditioning processes and other related diathesis-stress factors. This has been supported by studies showing abnormal fear conditioning in individuals diagnosed with anxiety disorders, but evidence of these abnormalities in individuals at risk for clinical anxiety is rather scarce. Thus, we examined individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of conditioned fear in healthy participants characterized by different levels of susceptibility to pathological anxiety. Two sources of variability in vulnerability to anxiety were investigated: allele variation in the BDNF-val66met polymorphism (study 1) and trait anxiety (study 2). Despite the important body of research conducted recently on the relationship between the BDNF-val66met polymorphism and pathological anxiety, it is far from clear which of the polymorphism alleles is associated with increased risk for anxiety disorders. Thus, we expected that variation in BDNF-val66met polymorphism would lead to differences in the acquisition and generalization of fear, but we did not have any hypothesis about the direction of this association. On the other hand, and given that high trait anxiety represents an established risk factor for pathological anxiety, we expected that individuals with high trait anxiety would show abnormal fear acquisition and overgeneralization of fear. In addition, and given its important theoretical and methodological implications, we also tested the temporal stability of individual differences in the acquisition and generalization of conditioned fear (study submitted for publication included in the appendix). Contrary to our expectations, we did not find any effect of the BNDF-val66met polymorphism or trait anxiety on the acquisition and generalization of fear. For the three fear measures (startle reflex, skin conducta
- Published
- 2013
31. Conditioned Subjective Responses to Socially Relevant Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder and Subclinical Social Anxiety
- Author
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Tinoco-González, Daniella, primary, Fullana, Miquel Angel, additional, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Bonillo, Albert, additional, Vervliet, Bram, additional, Pailhez, Guillem, additional, Farré, Magí, additional, Andión, Oscar, additional, Perez, Víctor, additional, and Torrubia, Rafael, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Acquisition and generalization of fear conditioning are not modulated by the BDNF-val66met polymorphism in humans
- Author
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Torrents-Rodas, David, primary, Fullana, Miquel A., additional, Arias, Bárbara, additional, Bonillo, Albert, additional, Caseras, Xavier, additional, Andión, Oscar, additional, Mitjans, Marina, additional, Fañanás, Lourdes, additional, and Torrubia, Rafael, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Impact when receiving a diagnosis: Additive and multiplicative effects between illness severity and perception of control
- Author
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Edo, Silvia, primary, Torrents-Rodas, David, additional, Rovira, Tatiana, additional, and Fernandez-Castro, Jordi, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Conditioned Subjective Responses to Socially Relevant Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder and Subclinical Social Anxiety.
- Author
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Tinoco‐González, Daniella, Fullana, Miquel Angel, Torrents‐Rodas, David, Bonillo, Albert, Vervliet, Bram, Pailhez, Guillem, Farré, Magí, Andión, Oscar, Perez, Víctor, and Torrubia, Rafael
- Subjects
CHI-squared test ,PAIRED comparisons (Mathematics) ,PANIC disorders ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALE analysis (Psychology) ,SOCIAL anxiety ,CONTROL groups ,ONE-way analysis of variance - Abstract
Although enhanced fear conditioning has been implicated in the origins of social anxiety disorder (SAD), laboratory evidence in support of this association is limited. Using a paradigm employing socially relevant unconditioned stimuli, we conducted two separate studies to asses fear conditioning in individuals with SAD and non-clinical individuals with high social anxiety (subclinical social anxiety [SSA]). They were compared with age-matched and gender-matched individuals with another anxiety disorder (panic disorder with agoraphobia) and healthy controls (Study 1) and with individuals with low social anxiety (Study 2). Contrary to our expectations, in both studies, self-report measures (ratings of anxiety, unpleasantness and arousal to the conditioned stimuli) of fear conditioning failed to discriminate between SAD or SSA and the other participant groups. Our results suggest that enhanced fear conditioning does not play a major role in pathological social anxiety. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message We used a social conditioning paradigm to study fear conditioning in clinical and subclinical social anxiety., We found no evidence of enhanced fear conditioning in social anxiety individuals., Enhanced fear conditioning may not be a hallmark of pathological social anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Compulsiones en el síndrome de Prader-Willi: presencia y gravedad en función del subtipo genético.
- Author
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Novell-Alsina, Ramon, Esteba-Castillo, Susanna, Caixàs, Asumpta, Gabau, Elisabeth, Giménez-Palop, Olga, Pujol, Jesus, Deus, Joan, and Torrents-Rodas, David
- Subjects
- *
PRADER-Willi syndrome , *HUMAN chromosome 15 abnormalities , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *DELETION mutation , *ANEUPLOIDY - Abstract
Introduction. Compulsions are among the most typical behaviors in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The most frequent causes of PWS are deletion of the genes located in the segment 15q11-q13 of the paternal allele and maternal uniparental disomy of cromosome 15. The aim of the present work was to study compulsive behavior in a sample of adults with PWS and analyze potential differences as a function of the genetic cause/subtype. Material and methods. In the 27 study participants, existence of type I deletion (n=7), type II deletion (n=13), and maternal disomy (n=7) was determined by means of genetic tests. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Compulsive Behavior Checklist, and the Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire were used to assess occurrence and severity of compulsions. Results. Most of the participants showed compulsive behavior, the most frequent compulsions were those of inappropriate grooming (skin picking) and order (hoarding). The occurrence of compulsions was less frequent in the maternal disomy group than in the deletion groups. Severe compulsions were more frequent in those participants with type II deletion than in the other groups. Conclusions. Differences in occurrence and severity of compulsions exist as a function of PWS genetic subtype. Our results support the idea that individuals with maternal disomy are less affected by compulsive behavior. More research on the severity of compulsions as a function of deletion type should be done, as the studies conducted so far have shown contradictory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
36. Compulsions in Prader-Willi syndrome: occurrence and severity as a function of genetic subtype.
- Author
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Novell-Alsina R, Esteba-Castillo S, Caixàs A, Gabau E, Giménez-Palop O, Pujol J, Deus J, and Torrents-Rodas D
- Subjects
- Adult, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Spain, Compulsive Behavior genetics, Prader-Willi Syndrome genetics, Uniparental Disomy genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: Compulsions are among the most typical behaviors in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). The most frequent causes of PWS are deletion of the genes located in the segment 15q11-q13 of the paternal allele and maternal uniparental disomy of cromosome 15. The aim of the present work was to study compulsive behavior in a sample of adults with PWS and analyze potential differences as a function of the genetic cause/subtype., Material and Methods: In the 27 study participants, existence of type I deletion (n=7), type II deletion (n=13), and maternal disomy (n=7) was determined by means of genetic tests. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, the Compulsive Behavior Checklist, and the Repetitive Behavior Questionnaire were used to assess occurrence and severity of compulsions., Results: Most of the participants showed compulsive behavior, the most frequent compulsions were those of inappropriate grooming (skin picking) and order (hoarding). The occurrence of compulsions was less frequent in the maternal disomy group than in the deletion groups. Severe compulsions were more frequent in those participants with type II deletion than in the other groups., Conclusions: Differences in occurrence and severity of compulsions exist as a function of PWS genetic subtype. Our results support the idea that individuals with maternal disomy are less affected by compulsive behavior. More research on the severity of compulsions as a function of deletion type should be done, as the studies conducted so far have shown contradictory results.
- Published
- 2019
37. The Trail Making Test.
- Author
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Llinàs-Reglà J, Vilalta-Franch J, López-Pousa S, Calvó-Perxas L, Torrents Rodas D, and Garre-Olmo J
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders psychology, Cohort Studies, Executive Function, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Spain, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Neuropsychological Tests statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics statistics & numerical data, Trail Making Test statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
The Trail Making Test (TMT) is used as an indicator of visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and executive function. The aim of this study was to examine the TMT relationships with several neuropsychological measures and to provide normative data in community-dwelling participants of 55 years and older. A population-based Spanish-speaking sample of 2,564 participants was used. The TMT, Symbol Digit Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency tests, and the MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability tapping subtest were administered. Exploratory factor analyses and regression lineal models were used. Normative data for the TMT scores were obtained. A total of 1,923 participants (76.3%) participated, 52.4% were women, and the mean age was 66.5 years (Digit Span = 8.0). The Symbol Digit Test, MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability tapping subtest, Stroop Color-Word Test, and Digit Span Test scores were associated in the performance of most TMT scores, but the contribution of each measure was different depending on the TMT score. Normative tables according to significant factors such as age, education level, and sex were created. Measures of visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and visuomotor processing speed were more related to the performance of the TMT-A score, while working memory and inhibition control were mainly associated with the TMT-B and derived TMT scores.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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