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This research focuses on the cultural landscape of traditional village toponyms in the northern Guangdong region, aiming to reveal the spatial distribution, site selection characteristics, temporal evolution patterns, and influencing factors of toponyms. The study employs quantitative statistics and ArcGIS spatial analysis methods, combining place name classification and kernel density analysis to explore the mechanisms through which natural and human factors influence place name distribution. The main findings are as follows: (1) Traditional village toponyms exhibit a characteristic of "large dispersion and small aggregation" with high-density areas mainly concentrated in Meizhou and Qingyuan. (2) Natural toponyms dominate, showing a strong correlation with river valley and plain environments, while village location demonstrates hydrophilicity and terrain suitability. Human toponyms enrich the landscape's connotation through cultural identity and social memory, reflecting the profound influences of Confucian agricultural education traditions and immigrant cultures. (3) Economic activities and population migrations during historical periods have significantly shaped the cultural landscape of toponyms, not only promoting the evolution of village site selection and distribution patterns but also profoundly affecting naming conventions for toponyms. This research emphasizes the importance of protecting the cultural landscape of toponyms while achieving a symbiotic relationship between cultural value and economic benefits through regional cultural tourism development, laying a theoretical foundation for the long-term preservation and sustainable development of regional cultural heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the major encounters of identity and otherness one could witness is coming across names of places in a country, which appear in two languages This situation can be witnessed in bilingual territories or in circumstances where there is a different official language than the one of the indigenous people. The aim of this paper is to gather the first official appearance of the names of human establishments in Covasna County, to establish their source language and examine their current forms, their translations into target language and to summarize the applied translation techniques in order to find the most common one among those appliable to the translation of toponyms.

This article explores the features of territorial identity as reflected in the urban toponyms of northern cities in the Ural Federal District. The aim of the study is to assess the current state of the urban onomastic corpus in terms of conveying local authenticity and to outline prospects for its development. The linguistic material consists of urbanonyms from Khanty-Mansiysk, Urai, Salekhard, and Novy Urengoy, which are introduced into academic discourse for the first time. The research employs onomasiological analysis (identifying nomination motives and nominative themes), classification, and linguistic-cultural commentary. Groups of toponyms are described that verbalize nominative themes related to the foundational concepts of territorial identity — TERRITORY and CULTURE. Among the names associated with the concept of TERRITORY, those reflecting regional natural-geographical and natural-historical features are identified. Within the toponyms linked to the concept of CULTURE, names associated with social history and socio-cultural realities are established. It is noted that the embodiment of the concept CULTURE extensively verbalizes geological and industrial themes of nomination, alongside a consistent trend towards nominative commemoration. Based on identified semantic gaps, an informational reserve for creating new urban toponyms is determined. The potential for utilizing underexplored themes in science, art, sports, and the spiritual culture of indigenous peoples of the North for urban onomastic nomination is highlighted.

The main element of the Assyrian culture that Urarṭu adopted was the Neo-Assyrian cuneiform writing system. Along with the writing system various aspects of Assyrian culture were taken over as well. The Urarṭian royal titulary and epithets, both of which were strongly connected to the royal ideology, were taken over from the Assyrians. Aside from them, other ideological motifs were borrowed as well. The present paper investigates the Assyrian patterns and ideological motifs, which were adopted and adapted in Urarṭian royal inscriptions. Additionally it discusses the toponyms Nai'ri, Urarṭu and Bia (the latter often referred to as Biainili in modern studies) in the Assyrian and Urarṭian sources, the relationship between these toponyms, and their development over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article maintains that states can utilize place naming in their capitals to advance two foreign policy goals: first, promoting closer relations with other international actors, including states and international organizations, thereby complementing more traditional diplomatic means; second, supporting national branding efforts as the state strives to enhance the image it seeks to project to other international actors and its global reputation. Drawing on the case of Israel's extensive place naming efforts in Jerusalem in the period 1948–1967, which were designed to achieve these two goals, the article establishes that the use of place naming as a diplomatic tool should be viewed as part of what is often referred to as cultural diplomacy, namely, international actors' exchange of and collaboration regarding ideas, values, perceptions, and cultural gestures that serve to strengthen ties in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1545, Ortiz de Retes ‘took possession’ for Spain of a ‘very beautiful land’ southeast of Maluku and named it New Guinea. This article charts the interplay of local knowledge, Iberian experience, and European cosmography in the fragmentary knowing, naming, and mapping of New Guinea’s coasts in the two centuries after 1511. From Malay stories about the islands, coast, or land of the papuas (Papuans) told to Portuguese and Spaniards in Maluku, empirical traces of New Guinea slowly accumulated during at least seven known voyages before 1606. Materialized in manuscript in travellers’ reports or charts and maps copied from lost Portuguese and Spanish master maps, knowledge of New Guinea was published in travel narratives, chronicles, and wider European cartography. My focus is Iberian encounters with places and their naming and mapping. But I also identify hints in maps and other texts of Indigenous agency in encounters and of ancient regional linkages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of escalating threats to Armenian cultural heritage in Artsakh due to armed conflicts and destruction, urgent measures are imperative to safeguard this invaluable legacy. The Digital Humanities Institute at the EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland) is leading an effort to digitize the Armenian epigraphic heritage in Artsakh, where inscriptions and toponyms serve as cultural identifiers. Documenting endangered inscriptions and using the , and tags safeguard historical integrity. Integrating GeoNames and Pleiades enhances accessibility and accuracy, bridging perspectives and preserving heritage. The project's bilingual nature amplifies complexity, as English and Armenian representations are layered with intricate grammar nuances. Lemmatization and regularization ensure consistent proper names, particularly across diverse grammatical cases. In a landscape where cultural heritage preservation is needed, the marriage of external resources, Armenian toponyms, lemmatization and regularization ensures historical accuracy and accessibility. This academic set-up clarifies the methodologies and standards used, emphasizing the preservation of Armenian cultural heritage through digital epigraphy. The set-up of the corpus allows for future enrichment by incorporating additional inscriptions, more detailed historical background information and etymological clarifications about the toponyms. This flexibility ensures that the corpus can continue to grow and provide comprehensive insights into the cultural heritage of Artsakh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reconstructs the recent history of Therasia by examining the interplay between traditional settlements and the island's natural and agricultural landscape. Through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates spatial and architectural analysis, historical records, and NDVI-based vegetation mapping, this research highlights the significant impact of agrarian structures like dry-stone walls and terraces on the environment. The unique dry-stone wall and terrace system is shown to have been crucial for both spatial organization and the survival of Therasia's inhabitants. This study also addresses the challenges of dating these structures, employing a relative dating methodology to establish a timeline of habitation from the late medieval period to the present. This research reconstructs the island's recent history, from early seasonal settlements to the eventual decline of rural architecture in the 20th century. The findings indicate that settlement patterns were closely linked to environmental and geomorphological factors, with the evolution of these sites driven by agricultural practices and broader socio-economic changes. This research not only reconstructs Therasia's past, but also proposes a novel methodological framework combining remote sensing with traditional historical analysis, offering new insights into the relationship between human settlements and the environment in the Aegean region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines issues related to the classification of personal and geographical names in Constantine of Preslav’s Didactic Gospel, which have previously been overlooked, as this category has rarely been a distinct research subject. The study clarifies the scope of proper names in the analysis of old texts, distinguishing not only homonymic spellings of anthroponyms and toponyms but also similar names referring to different individuals. It demonstrates the necessity of including this category in diachronic dictionaries, particularly with regard to compound anthroponyms. It highlights the importance of recognizing cases where common nouns or adjectives function as independent bynames. Lists of all anthroponyms and toponyms in the Didactic Gospel are presented. The peculiarities of the phonetic and morphological adaptation of the names are analyzed, confirming the ancient origin of the Old Bulgarian text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kembara: Jurnal Keilmuan Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya is the property of Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article summarizes the results of the study of the macrotoponyms ‘Zhetysu’ and ‘Semirechye’ (South-Eastern Kazakhstan) widely used in archaeological science and oriental studies since the second half of the 19th century up until the present time. The aim of the study is to advance the research on the clarification of the toponyms ‘Zhetysu’ and ‘Semirechye’ and to propose their proper use in the archaeological science. In this paper, we expand the range of the sources in order to verify the main provisions of the previous study on the materials of Kazakh folklore and literature of the 19th — early 20th c. The results of the focused study are the following: the term ‘Zhetysu’ originated in the end of the 18th — beginning of the 19th century, before its Russian translation as ‘Semirechye’. Initially, ‘Zhetysu’ denoted difficult sections of caravan roads in the north and south-east of Kazakhstan, along which Russia’s international trade with Middle Asia and China was carried out. The toponym ‘Semirechye’ appeared around 1825 and was first used as a geographical name of the Southern Balkhash region, and after the creation of the Semirechenskaya Oblast (1867) it designated its administrative-territorial boundaries. In the latter meaning, the toponym was used until the 1930s. Since the 1930s, A.N. Bernshtam, breaking with the historiographic tradition, introduced into scientific discourse an erroneously extended meaning of ‘Semirechye’, which includes the Chu-Talas interfluve. In the Kazakh folklore, the toponym ‘Zhetysu’ appeared not earlier than the last third of the 19th century, as the Kazakh translation of ‘Semirechye’ after creation of the Semirechenskaya Oblast. The lack of understanding by Kazakh authors of the concrete territorial boundaries of ‘Zhetysu’ makes the synonymous replacement of the toponym ‘Semirechye’ incorrect. The current administrative region of Zhetysu occupies a part of Semirechye, i.e., South-Eastern Kazakhstan, that includes only the territory north of the Ili River.

This article explores the onomastic necessity of renaming gender-derogatory toponyms in the South African landscape. It contends that there is a need to interrogate the reasons behind gender-derogatory names and how society relates to these names. Four theories: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Critical Toponymic, Socio-onomastic and Feminism theories guided, shaped and informed the authors’ argument. Qualitative in nature, the article employed content analysis for data collection and analysis purposes. A database of over twenty-five (25) toponyms that are considered gender-derogatory was purposively collected and analysed. These toponyms were further grouped into different categories for easy presentation and analysis. It was found that there are gender-derogatory toponyms among South African geographical features, many of which were named using African languages. Furthermore, there is an existing intersectionality between gender-derogatory toponyms with toxic masculinity and feminism. For these reasons, the article postulated that there should be synergy, resonance and constructive alignment among toponyms, renaming, transformation agenda and identity construction. The article further recommends renaming gender-derogatory toponyms and raising awareness about the renaming process and its approach. It emphasises that renaming should be guided by semantics and linguistic ideology rather than race, language, or political power and its influence.

This article examines the processes of decolonization, derussification, and decommunization of urban space of Zaporizhzhia from 2014 to 2023. The influence of public sentiment, cultural changes, and legal acts on the transformation of urban objects is analyzed with special attention. During the study, there are under consideration the dynamics of toponym renaming, the dismantling of Soviet-era monuments, and the overcoming of imperial heritage in public space. Special attention is paid to the relationship between the processes of decommunization and national security, since the decolonization of the urban environment is an important element in countering Russian propaganda and restoring national identity. The article contains an analysis of the legal framework, including laws adopted in 2015 and 2023, which contributed to the purification of public space from totalitarian symbols, along with monitoring of the information space with the help of the Brand24 program regarding indicators of representation and popularization of this topic in the media. In the conclusions, the authors emphasize the importance of decolonization processes for the formation of a new national memory and restoration of historical justice in the context of European integration aspirations of Ukraine. Prospects for further research are focused on the analysis of social and cultural changes caused by these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author of this paper discusses the usage of the preposition na ('on') with some country names, such as Ukraina (Ukraine), Litwa (Lithuania) and Węgry (Hungary) in Polish. The above examples are exceptions to the general rule according to which names of countries take the preposition w ('in') and do ('to') to describe, respectively, static and dynamic relations. Na, in turn, regularly occurs with names of Polish provinces. Historically, the pair w/do was used with both categories of place-names, while na was a linguistic innovation in that context. Statistical analysis of historical texts shows that its spread was gradual. Individual toponyms adopted the preposition na in different periods, reflecting the loss of their autonomy. However, following the partitions of Poland at the end of the eighteenth century, na started to be used with most Polish provinces and several foreign ones (which are currently independent states). Thus, the linguistic change was caused by a change in the perception of the terms in question, the latter being a shift from political to ethnographic terms. The mechanism itself can be best accounted for with the use of the term zooming, or change of the vantage point, which, in this case, was zoomed in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trilogy The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien is appropriately called the fundamental writing of fantasy literature. The story of the battle between good and evil, which continues to amaze readers around the world almost 70 years after it was first published, has been translated into dozens of languages, including Chinese. The work is typical for its detailed description of the landscape. The high frequency of local names raises the question of how translators work with them when translating into foreign languages. In the case of Chinese, the applied procedures are even more interesting, as it is a language with a typologically different writing system. The paper presents the results of a lexicological analysis of place names, which led to identifying not only all applied loanword categories but also which of them was the most productive one for borrowing toponyms. Based on the analysis of 512 toponyms, the following types of loanwords have been recognized: phonetic loanwords, hybrid loanwords, calques, semantic loanwords and induced new creations. The most productive loanword categories are phonetic loanwords, calques, and hybrid loanwords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European colonialism was a well-thought-out enterprise aimed at exploiting the natural resources of the colonized. As this paper notes, it was also meant to exploit the human capital—the colonized themselves as a source of cheap and readily available labor. The paper further argues that to successfully exploit the colonized, they expropriated land and other resources under the guise and myth of the terra nullius. They also renamed the appropriated spaces and the colonized people themselves. Such naming, the paper posits, was meant not just for easy referencing but also as memories of home for the new settlers. It was also a seal and stamp of archived material, for through naming they were indicating their presence, indicating that they came, conquered and named. It is on the basis of renaming, the paper argues, that while in theory, they have left, from a records and archives perspective, these people’s presence is still very much alive and kicking because of the names they gave that most Black Zimbabweans still carry and take pride in. The paper laments that even some of the loudest exponents of what it means to decolonize, carry these colonial labels. What the paper concludes is that the names that the formerly colonized carry, and those given by colonialists in some of their places speak to the success of the colonial enterprise, at least as far as onomastics are concerned because, through them, archives of colonial memories are kept and sustained.

The purpose of this article is to exemplify how certain types of historic toponyms (placenames) can be employed as an aide to biogeographers in revealing past distributions of species and ecosystems, but also the need for additional interrogation of their likely veracity. Some of the toponyms bestowed by the Dutch explorer, Maerten van Delft, who surveyed the northern coasts of Australia’s Melville Island and the Cobourg Peninsula in 1705, serve as examples for further examination. The expedition conferred 61 toponyms and topographic descriptors, some of which are enigmatic given what we know of the ostensive distribution of Australian fauna in the region at the time. Presumably, the names referred to animals seen on the expedition. Cartographic, documentary, linguistic, and natural science sources were consulted to analyse the meanings of the toponyms. It shows that some the toponyms were based on misidentification due to unfamiliarity of the endemic fauna, whilst one did not refer to an animal at all. Another toponym raises the tantalising prospect that thylacines were present on Melville and Greenhill Islands at the time.

The study examines a representative sample of toponyms located in the territory of Kazakhstan, that can potentially be of Mongolian origin. These toponyms are classified into three categories: 1) settlement names (oikonyms), 2) water body names (hydronyms), and 3) geographical feature names (oronyms). In cases of duplicate toponyms (oikonym and oronym), precedence is given to the geographical feature name, following the most common direction of toponymic transfer. The analysis investigates the significance of Mongolian names in the Kazakh language, encompassing motivational, word-formational, and etymological aspects, and proposes new hypotheses of their origin while considering earlier theories. The authors identify the main challenges faced by etymologists and toponymists and review previous authors’ unsuccessful etymological solutions. Errors detected in the data include references to Russified place names borrowed into contemporary Kazakh, inattention to early toponym records, neglect of phonetic changes in Kazakh and Mongolian, as well as their relative chronology, and disregard of potential phonetic adaptation patterns that one could expect based on the phonological peculiarities of both the source and receiving languages. The study aims to categorise place names according to the time and source of borrowing, each name being evaluated based on whether it was initially borrowed as a toponym or an appellative word that later integrated a Kazakh toponym. The analysis concludes that Kazakh toponymy of Mongolian origin (i.e. place names that were borrowed as toponyms) is predominantly recent and associated with the borders of two historical Mongolian states — the Dzungar and Kalmyk khanates.

The article deals with the terminology of mineralogy, particularly with the names of minerals formed from proper names of places located in the territory of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The official list of minerals approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association is used as a corpus. In the sample, containing almost six thousand items, 40 terms of this type were found, constituting 21% and 24% of the names for which the Czech Republic or the Slovak Republic is listed as the first place of discovery. These terms have become part of the official terminological vocabulary of the natural sciences. For each of them, the article provides its etymology. The names are based on onomastic metonymies, with roots referring to the names of type localities where the minerals were found, names of the surrounding villages, towns, hills, and mountain ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifiable, spatially-resolved, large-scale evidence about traditional food storage facilities is extremely rare, and yet highly insightful for researchers across subjects such as human ecology, anthropology, agronomy, archaeology and economic history. This paper takes advantage of some unusually detailed French colonial era records of cereal storage and agro-pastoral practice in 19th century central Algeria that inventory the underground food stores of different sedentary and nomadic tribes at a moment of colonial confrontation in which these stores were central to ecological and political resilience. We consider how different aspects of these food stores relate to environmental, social and economic variables across the study area. The overall results suggest important north-south trends in agro-pastoral lifestyle and storage practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how toponyms in Gaza have been shaped by the changing politics, values, and priorities of ruling elites under four successive leaderships starting in 1948 with the Nakba, or permanent displacement of the majority of Palestinian Arabs. While scholarly attention has been paid to toponyms in the West Bank and elsewhere in the Middle East, no studies to date focus on toponyms in Gaza. Investigating toponyms of the four regimes that have ruled Gaza since 1948 (the Egyptian Administration, Israeli Occupation, Palestinian Authority, and Hamas) provides insights into the varied priorities of the ruling elite and the politics of naming. In the context of Gaza’s successive regime changes, highly restrictive blockade, and ongoing occupation, toponyms demonstrate the variety of often conflicting perspectives and ideals among Palestinians within Gaza and how they are inscribed on public space, while drawing attention to the differences and similarities between political regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic of medical eponyms and toponyms in tropical Africa is discussed. Eponyms have been adopted in medicine to honour pioneering doctors who perceived previously unrecognised discoveries in medical science. There is yet no representation of medical eponyms for indigenous doctors or patients in tropical Africa. A historical explanation for this predicament might be the bigotry of colonialism and a colour-bar psyche which unreasonably precluded diversity in medical education in the past. It has further compounded the delay caused by an extraordinary length of time for medical eponyms to evolve. It is now important to start recognising the contribution to medical science by doctors in tropical Africa as the process of bestowing eponyms begins with publicity. The achievements of Zambian medico-political avant-gardists should be adequately publicised in the medical literature. It will be a matter of time before an eponymous achievement is accomplished by African doctors. The deep entrenchment in medicine and a long-standing medical tradition makes it unlikely that medical eponyms could become extinct by then. Nevertheless, there are in existence several toponyms and vernacular etymology for African diseases such as Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever or Buruli ulcer and chikungunya or kwashiorkor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the effect of language learning strategies in teaching toponyms in Kazakh and Nogai languages on students' achievement and attitudes. The study was conducted at a university's literature faculty in Astana, Kazakhstan, during the academic year 2023-2024, using an experimental research model. The experimental and control groups of the study consisted of 69 students studying in the 2nd grade at the Kazakh Literature Department in Astana, Kazakhstan. In the experimental group, Kazakh and Nogai toponyms were taught using language learning strategies, while the control group was taught using the lecture method. Experimental implementations lasted for six weeks in both groups. The data was collected using the Kazakh Toponymy Achievement Test, the Nogai Toponymy Achievement Test, and the Attitude Towards Activities Scale. The results showed that the experimental group students achieved higher levels of success in Kazakh and Nogai toponyms and developed positive attitudes towards the activities compared to their peers in the control group. Consequently, two recommendations emerged from the findings. First, teaching programs should be developed for effective language learning strategies in literature and language classes. Second, guidebooks and worksheets that exemplify language learning strategies in Kazakh and Nogai toponym subjects, in particular, and in literature courses, in general, should be created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Урбанонимы играют важную роль в сохранении культурно-исторического наследия, поскольку они содержат отсылки к известным деятелям, событиям, явлениям. В туристических центрах, включая Суздаль, наибольшее внимание уделяется истории туристических мест, в то время как названия объектов, их происхождение и значение зачастую остаются без должного внимания. В настоящей статье представлен краткий обзор различных групп урбанонимов ономастического пространства Суздаля на основе мотивированности. Подробно рассматриваются названия объектов, относящихся к религии, их семантика, история и значение в культуре, описывается специфика экклезионимов Суздаля и возможности использования сокрытой в названиях информации.

The article seeks to determine the extent to which the national cultural code of the Spaniards is influenced by the designations of people’s place of residence or birth. The historical, cultural, etymological, psycholinguistic and conceptual analysis of such nominations as capital, ciudad, villa, pueblo, aldea, burgo reveals their role in the formation of the national and social identity of the Spaniards, as well as in their mythological, conceptual and linguistic picture of the world. The history and semantics of Spanish toponyms, the mythologems associated with them, as well as the structure of Spanish cities and the way of life there, which are reflected in the language people use, further justify the multicultural nature of their linguistic consciousness. Nearly 80 % of the country’s population perceive themselves as city residents, which is decisive for the social self-identification of Spaniards, as not only the residents of Madrid and other capitals of autonomous communities suffer from the ‘capital resident complex’, but also those who inhabit the ancient capitals of both Christian kingdoms and Muslim Spain of the «Al Andalus» era. The Spanish concepts of ciudad, villa, pueblo, capital and the history of the mythologem of Madrid are regarded as deep-rooted historical and cultural phenomena. Mentioning the symbolic cities of Sagunto, Numancia and Zaragoza, which also play a crucial role in the worldview of the Spanish, is equal to describing the heroism and resilience of the Spanish people. The «carnival element» and the love for puns, which clearly characterize both the national linguistic consciousness and the way the Spaniards speak, nurtured another mythologem — a small Andalusian town of Lepe acquired the status of «capital of jokes».

An essential aspect of creating topographic maps involves standardization and data modelling for properly visualised toponyms. The significance of this aspect arises from the fact that maps, aside from representing a graphical depiction of geographical space, serve as a medium for conveying specific information and toponyms that must be presented. A significant effort has been directed towards developing a methodology for the standardization of toponyms on the maps of the Military Geographical Institute "General Stevan Bošković" (MGI), which meets the strict criteria of cartographic representation. This paper discusses the methodology and process of creating a database of settlement names for cartographic representation at a scale of 1:25,000 (TM25), as well as in derived scales utilizing a ladder approach system. The focus is on the standardization and enhancement of the cartographic depiction of toponyms using digital techniques. The created database has broad applications not only in cartography but also within the GIS context, enabling complex spatial analyses. Furthermore, this paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of the created toponym data model, its implementation in the production system for creating topographic maps at MGI, and potential opportunities for improvement. The methodology presented in this paper has allowed a relatively smooth transition from analogue to digital representation of toponyms while maintaining the visual identity and functionality of classical topographic maps.

This study examines the classification and function of toponyms to reveal the local knowledge of Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area. This research uses anthropological linguistic theory. The data of this research are lexicon in toponyms based on local knowledge in the western Bandung-North area. The data is sourced from several community components consisting of village elders and ordinary people. The study incorporates four methods for data collection, which are participant observation, participatory conversation observation, interviews, and documentation. These techniques are chosen based on their ability to gather comprehensive, accurate, and reliable data. The results show that there are five classifications of toponyms, namely (1) hydrological-biological characteristics, (2) hydrological-state characteristics, (3) geomorphological-biological characteristics, (4) geomorphological-state characteristics, and (5) state characteristics. This research also shows that the lexicon in toponyms in the western Bandung-North area portrays the closeness of humans to nature, humans to humans, and humans to their God. In addition, Sundanese people in the western Bandung-North area also have local knowledge about ethnoecology, which is recorded in the toponyms in the area. This local knowledge of ethnoecology has benefits as an effort to maintain the terrestrial ecosystem, which is one of the pillars of environmental development in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Nouns are a characteristic feature that distinguishes one culture from another. Onomatology in general –and toponymy in particular– denotes culture and is affected by specific morals, religions, and ways of thinking, typical of a society. Likewise, it also embodies a varied range of extralinguistic information. In Chinese culture, toponomy is used to display an aesthetic symbolism, as well as a wide variety of connotations that are absent from Hispanic culture. Moreover, if we account for the use of different calligraphy, the translation of Chinese place nouns into Spanish implies a real challenge, a task that becomes more difficult if we deal with translating more than six-hundred-year-old nouns. Translators not only face problems regarding translating from traditional Mandarin Chinese, but also the challenge of translating a text full of religious concepts with no translation equivalents in our mother tongue. In this article, we analyze the translation of place names in Journey to the West in the two translations available in Spanish. Utilizing a corpus containing the original text and the two complete translations into Spanish, we focus on analyzing the techniques used during the translation process, taking into consideration whether the translators were able to identify and keep the harmony and aesthetics –typical features of the Mandarin Chinese– in the Spanish language.

The article studies oikonyms of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed from zoomorphic motifs. The relationship between the oikonym and the zoonym is discussed. How animal terms perform the function of place names has been demonstrated with examples. In the main part of the paper, the author presented the semantic types of zooikonyms. The approach includes the formation and etymology information. Accordingly, the largest number of zooikonyms are of Slavic origin while only one is Greek, which only underlines the theses of the Slavic naming continuum in terms of place naming. It is concluded that the study of zooikonyms is important for determining the region's fauna and the relationship between man and nature.

Introduction. The paper examines the cluster of toponyms derived from drymonyms. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the poor knowledge of this type of toponyms in the toponymic system of Bashkortostan (Russia). Goals. The study seeks to classify Bashkir toponyms derived from names of forests, groves, wild trees and shrubs, to describe their word-formation structure, semantics, origin and features of functioning in the toponymic system of the Southern Urals. Materials and methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the paper is the first to identify toponyms associated with drymonyms using the method of continuous sampling — in the Dictionary of Toponyms of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The work also attempts to describe those systematically, traces new drymonyms of foreign origin, and reveals the latter’s role in the toponymy-related processes. Furthermore, the paper is the first to outline a lexical/semantic classification of such toponyms, defines their structure, semantics, and origin. Results. In addition to toponyms of common Turkic origin, the article identifies drymonymic toponyms formed from Indo-Iranian, Finno-Ugric, and Mongolian word stems. The insight into some drymonymic toponyms associated with beliefs of Bashkirs reveals their function in creating the unique toponymic picture of Bashkortostan. The analysis of related material shows the designated type of Bashkir toponyms characterize primarily natural landscapes of Bashkortostan, habitats of certain species of wild trees and shrubs. The toponymic substratum of Indo-Iranian, Finno-Ugric and Mongolian origin reflects historical backgrounds of the language and ethnos, while toponyms associated with deification of ancestral trees are indicative of specific ancient beliefs of Bashkirs.

Toponyms of the Sultanate of Oman so far have not been studied in Russian linguistics in general, and in Russian Arabic studies, in particular. Due to the fact that in Oman there is a specific landscape and peculiar material culture, and the local variation of the Arabic language is characterized by multi-level dialectal peculiarities, the authors assumed that the toponyms of this country should demonstrate certain trends in the place names formation against the backdrop of the common Arabic toponymy. The object of the research is a wide range of toponyms of the Sultanate of Oman - from the names of the largest locations to the ones which are less significant in historical and economic terms, but are of interest from the viewpoint of the linguistic material analysis. The authors examined a large sample of toponyms of various categories, above all, oeconyms and hydronyms; due to the local natural conditions, their share in the country’s toponymy is very significant. The article is aimed at highlighting both the universal, pan-Arabic features and solely the Omani ones in the semantics and algorithms of toponymic word-building of the country. The main local toponyms were considered in terms of their origin, etymology, frequency of formants, morphological composition, as well as in relation to certain semantic fields. This made it possible to systematize the toponyms of Oman and draw a number of conclusions regarding the historically conditioned absence of loan words among Omani toponyms, their complexity with the predominance of specific lexemes characterizing the local landscape, the inclusion of Omani toponyms in lexical groups related to water, as well as the nationally-oriented world picture reflected in characteristics-indices of similar objects of Omani geography. To this end, the researchers used data from subsidiary and related humanitarian areas - geography, history, sociology, ethnopsychology. The work contributes to the study of the semantics of toponyms, comparative toponymy, Arabic lexicology, Russian Arabic studies as well as regional studies.

In Irkutsk, toponymy has been a purely theoretical science for a long time – names have been rarely given to new streets. However, street names reflect the history of the city, the memory of the people who inhabited it, the sights and ideological preferences. When we give names to the streets, we form a legacy for our descendants. Toponyms should be considered as a historical monument that records all the features of the city’s life, from the relief to occupations of residents, from important objects to memorable events. “Toponymic restoration” is not an attempt at “white revenge”. This is the connection of times, this is the face of our city, which should not for the thousandth time repeat the names of streets in any Russian settlement, which have no deep connection with the territory.

Nova Zembla is a tall, skinny island north of Russia above the Arctic Circle. This article is about the maps that describe Nova Zembla and the geographical region surrounding it that were published from 1562 to 1650. From 1562 until 1592, all maps spelled it "Nova Zemla" and drew it either as one of the giant circumpolar islands or as a peninsula of one. Thereafter, some maps used "Zemla," and some used "Zembla," but almost all maps represented it as an independent island. This article discusses the explorers who sailed near Nova Zembla in the last half of the sixteenth century and how they created the history of the name Nova Zembla. The evolution of the spelling and shape of Nova Zembla is analogous to punctuated equilibria in paleontological evolution. Using maps containing Nova Zembla, this article shows that the Dutch-Drake La Heroike Interprinse ... map was made in the last decade of the sixteenth century, probably around 1594. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes scientific approaches to geographical principles of grouping toponyms. The study's relevance is due to the lack of work on the toponymy of Southern Kazakhstan and the need to develop this direction in Kazakh science. The purpose of the study was to build a classification of toponyms of the Zhambyl region based on geographical principles. The research methodology contains the following stages of the development of geographical principles of grouping toponyms of the Zhambyl region: 1) selection of geographical names (toponyms important for the region in historical, cultural, geographical, and political aspects) and a brief description of the largest geographical objects; 2) processing of the results of the analysis of toponyms; 3) building a system of geographical principles of grouping toponyms; 4) systematization and identification of patterns of toponyms of the region. During the primary classification, two groups of toponyms were identified: geographical names related to localities and geographical names related to natural formations. Three principles of grouping toponyms of the Zhambyl region symbolizing the region in the consciousness of the Kazakh society are used: normative-legal, historical-geographical, and cultural-linguistic principles. Practical significance of the study: the toponymic classification of the main geographical names of the Zhambyl region has been compiled: 1) natural geographical names; 2) cultural and historical geographical names; 3) geographical names associated with the names and surnames of people. It was found that the main part of the toponyms of the region comes from the Turkic, Persian, Altaic, or Arabic languages. By the beginning of the XXI century, many administrative-territorial units received names in the Kazakh language. Most of the toponyms were formed from the names of natural geographical objects (mainly from the names of rivers), a small part belongs to the topographic group associated with the names and surnames of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the pragmatics of Finnish municipality slogans by focussing on slogans that include a toponym, that is, a place name other than that of the municipality. We approach our data of 51 slogans from the standpoint of translocal chronotopes – imagery of time, place and social life that connects the municipality with another place. We demonstrate that toponyms position the municipalities geographically, culturally, socially, historically, economically, and politically. We also analyse responses that the slogans evoke in public online discourses. We argue that the interpretation of the slogan is affected by the choice of toponym as well as by structural and interdiscursive choices. The findings are discussed from the perspectives of discourse studies, onomastics, and place-branding research. • Municipality slogans construct chronotopic identities. • The use of toponyms in slogans gives rise to translocal chronotopes. • Translocal slogans activate a variety of regional and sociocultural contexts. • Linguistic choices affect the reception and recontextualisation of slogans. • The study of municipality slogans benefits from multidisciplinary approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that Tolkien's stories were primarily linguistically inspired is evidenced not only by his meticulous attention to anthroponyms and toponyms to ensure they fully described characters or places, but also by the musicality and connection between sound and the named object. The toponyms in The Lord of the Rings create a political and geographical world: the locations in the novel, reprised and quoted in the various languages of the peoples of Middle Earth, refer to a shared history and make the fictional world more vivid and real. For Tolkien, anthroponyms and toponyms were so crucial to the correct experience of his universe that he devised a guide for translators. Given its status as a literary classic, The Lord of the Rings has undergone numerous retranslations. This contribution aims to investigate the retranslation of place names by examining the two Italian versions: the first by Vittoria Alliata and Quirino Principe, published in 1970; the second by Ottavio Fatica, published between 2019 and 2022. The contrastive analysis of this contribution aims to: 1) explore the different interpretation introduced by the retranslated toponyms; and 2) understand how toponyms reflect the translation strategies of the two translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the study of the history of Babur and the Baburid state, researching the primary written sources of their time and creating maps based on the information contained in them is quite relevant. This article gives details of the map of the state of Zahiriddin Babur, which shows the state founded by Zahiriddin Babur and ruled by him from 1494 to 1530. The article gives information about the toponyms of the State of Babur cities, regions, villages, rivers, mountains and other geographical objects, which are important for the study of the history, historical geography and toponymy of Asia and India in the Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Srbski Jezik is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The subject of the analysis presented in the article were personal names and toponyms derived from 42 stories by Roger Hargreaves addressed to children aged 4-6. The description of proper names in the British writer's works is based on the assumption that the translator fully understood and faithfully reflected the author's intentions, taking into account the functionality of the cycle of stories and the age of the recipient, and that his goal was to faithfully translate the senses contained in the semantics/sound of the created onyms. The study aimed to capture the mechanisms of creating proper names and the ways of introducing onyms into the text. The article also describes an onymic strategy consisting of a syntactic and semantic juxtaposition of anthroponyms with toponyms which serves to complete the characterisation of the heroes and the construction of the literary world. The names extracted from Hargreaves's works were considered in terms of their textual and semiotic structures, in both the motivational and pragmatic dimensions. A semanticpragmatic analysis of the names showed that the onyms invented by the author/translator were created as series. Within the creative models used by him, the following stand out due to their frequency: names derived using suffixes, names created with the use of an appellative used specifically for naming people - pan [mister], formations composed with the lexeme mały [small] and items created by means of onymisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During her artistic career, Edith Piaf recorded over three hundred songs. Throughout her life, she sang about love and misfortune. In her rich repertoire, composed of realistic, popular, and poetic songs, she tells stories in which characters are often mentioned by their first or last names, thus not remaining anonymous. The use of proper names in Edith Piaf 's song lyrics is a common stylistic feature. The settings of these stories can also be identified. The events in Piaf 's songs usually take place in specific locations, which makes them even more authentic and dramatic. In this article, I present the results of onomastic research based on an analysis of all the proper names appearing in Edith Piaf 's song lyrics and examine their functions. The article also includes suggestions for pedagogical use of proper names in French as a foreign language lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)