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Copyright of Quarterly of the History of Material Culture / Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej is the property of Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, selected names of places in southern Warmia will be discussed and subjected to linguistic analysis. On this basis, the division of these toponyms will be made in terms of the linguistic affiliation of their morphemes, which have their source in Polish, German and Prussian. The history of the activity of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names will also be presented, which after World War II, immediately after the incorporation of Warmia into the Polish state, began intensive work on giving German names their Polish equivalents. The collected material will make it possible to formulate the methods most likely used by the Commission during its work, as well as to show conclusions regarding the impact of national identity and state policy on changes in the naming of places in Warmia.

Place Names: Approaches and Perspectives in Toponymy and Toponomastics. By Francesco Perono Cacciafo and Francesco Cavallaro. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2023. Pp. 298. (Paperback) $34.99. ISBN 13: 978-1-108-74824-7.

It is in this light that the researcher provides preliminary explanations on the sound, formation and meaning of Ngwa toponyms (place names) and Ngwa anthroponyms (personal names), as they occur in the Ngwa dialect of the Igbo Language. The primary means of data collection adopted in this study is the oral interviews of Key Informants (indigenous Ngwa people). Secondarily, data were collected from already existing literature on the subject matter. Data gotten are analyzed linguistically, using the basic provisions of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Phonologically, the study establishes that the phonological nuances of aspiration, which is a characteristic feature of the Ngwa Igbo is also actively represented in their toponyms and anthroponyms. Other generative phonological processes such as assimilation, deletion and elision were shown to exist in the Ngwa names. Morpho-syntactically, the study shows that Ngwa toponyms and anthroponyms are associative constructions of two or more nominals which bear the semantics of the names. The study concludes that Ngwa anthroponyms and toponyms, properly analysed, bear in them the history, features and culture of the Ngwa people, and is a snippet into the past life of the Ngwa people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naming is a global cultural phenomenon that has been with man from creation because every known thing has a name. It was for this reason that linguistics, before Ferdinand de Saussure, was simply thought to be a matter of nomenclature. The study of names known as onomastics is further split into two branches: anthroponomastics and toponomastics. The former deals with names of persons while the latter has to do with the study of names of places. As an aspect of world culture that is present in every sphere of human endeavour, it has also been used to good effect in literary creations given that it is a major element in plot and thematic development. In this paper, we critically examined how this phenomenon contributes to the understanding of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. In both works, the second sharing an intertextual rapport with the first, it is observed that most of the names given to characters are derived from the Igbo cosmology. This implies that their significance to the development of the plots as well as themes is lost to non-Igbo readers. It is therefore equally imperative in this study to consider the implications for the translation of names. In order to achieve our aim we hinged our analysis on two theoretical frameworks due to the double-pronged nature of our study: a pragmatic context for in-depth exegesis and translation sense theory for limitations in meaning transfer for the benefit of a non-Igbo audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historical Review / Przegląd Historyczny is the property of Wydawnictwo DiG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the article, selected names of places in southern Warmia will be discussed and subjected to linguistic analysis. On this basis, the division of these toponyms will be made in terms of the linguistic affiliation of their morphemes, which have their source in Polish, German and Prussian. The history of the activity of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names will also be presented, which after World War II, immediately after the incorporation of Warmia into the Polish state, began intensive work on giving German names their Polish equivalents. The collected material will make it possible to formulate the methods most likely used by the Commission during its work, as well as to show conclusions regarding the impact of national identity and state policy on changes in the naming of places in Warmia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the validity of the view which challenges Pliny the Elder's information concerning the existence of the colony of Flaviopolis on the Thracian Chersonesus, arguing that its name was unusual for a colony. The author discusses situations in which the title of the colony could have been combined with local place names ending in -polis. Furthermore, attention is drawn to the peculiar character of Natural History as a source for toponomastic research and the fact that the latter work also mentions the colony of Flaviobrica, whose name seems interesting given the doubts surrounding the legal status of the Thracian Flaviopolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the non-scientific (folk, popular) etymology of toponyms, specifically settlement place names, and its reflection in contemporary municipal heraldry. The aim is to incorporate the situation when the interpretation of a place name motivates the image of a municipal emblem into the general principles of the process labelled as “exteriorization” of the place name. It is the process in which the etymology of a proper name motivates the emergence of an object, most often a two-dimensional, pictorial, or three-dimensional one. The process is illustrated with the analysis of justifications of new municipal emblems of 159 selected communities in the total of 12 Czech districts that were created and approved in the period of 1990−2021. The research showed that 72 % of the examined emblems regarded as canting arms are based on the scientific etymology of place names, while 26 % are based on the respective folk etymologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fra Mauro's world map was created in the middle of the 15th century and at that time it represented a great progress in relation to Ptolemy's geographical and cosmographic representations, which until then had been the starting point for every geographical discourse. This map is one of those epochal works from the era of Humanism and the Renaissance, which illuminated the world with new light and thus moved scientific thought forwards. Fra Mauro's map represented the affirmation of geography and cartography, which at that time had not yet been constituted as sciences, and directed at new geographical discoveries and research. The aim of this paper is to analyse the geographical representations of the Balkan Peninsula on Fra Mauro's map. This paper provides the toponym list of the Balkan Peninsula and some surrounding areas and countries, systematised in its original form and identified in its current meaning. Special attention is given to the identification of the map as a text document, as well as to the explanation of the context, symbolism and contemporary meaning of certain geographical names.

Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy: Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of University of East Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Martin Waldseemüller has a special place in the history of European cartography and geography, due to the original cartographic works that influenced the expansion of the geographical horizons of Europeans in the 16th century. In the introductory section, the author gives an overview of his most important works, which still attract the attention of researchers in the field of historical geography, historical cartography, toponomastics and related scientific disciplines. Author then analyzes the text and context of Waldzemiler's maps. The aim of this work is to shed new light on geographical knowledge of the Balkan Peninsula and Serbian countries in the age of Humanism and the Renaissance, based on an analysis of Martin Waldseemüller's geographic maps from the early 16th century. Special attention is paid to the contents of the map Tabula moderna Bossine, Servie, Gretiae et Sclavonie, from 1507.

The article presents model analysis of non-standardized names of caves and chasms of the Slovenské rudohorie mountains which follows the model analysis of anoikonyms by Jana Pleskalová, as well as the work devoted to modelling of Slovak hydronymy. The model analysis pointed out the dominance of the relational model C which expresses "properties, symptoms (and circumstances)" and the relational model A which is associated with the expression of "position, the location of underground object in the field". The most common structural model in the given relational models is the two-member ADd+S, consisting of a derivative adjective and a noun such as Jelšavská jaskyňa, Gajdova štôlňa. Relational models (VM) referring to possessivity (VM D), especially to the immediate expression of the type of object (VM B), only have a marginal position in the proposed model analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper addresses the problem of representation of grammatical information in dictionaries and reference-books by considering one particular title focused on the oikonymic system of the Volgograd region. A new concept of grammatical description is introduced, which is the degree of uniqueness of a geographical name within the region. Developing the rating scale for this parameter required consideration of such linguistic criteria as the word-formation pattern, the identity of the root morpheme or the entire lexical unit, the morphemic affinity of the names with the same root. The new parameter proves particularly relevant in the view of occasional changes in the administrative-territorial division of the region, especially when deciding whether it is necessary/unnecessary to rename a particular locality. The study also takes to specify the grammatical norm regulating the choice of the case form of the toponym at its use with the generic term. Given the significant number of differential features that are complementary, rather than hierarchical, it is proposed that each dictionary article has to include specific recommendations on the choice of the form of the proper name. Different patterns in the names of residents of particular settlements (katoikonyms) are described, related to the frequency of their use in regional, city and district newspapers. The authors also reveal the factors these variants of katoikonyms may be caused by, some pertinent to a certain historical period or else resulting from the peculiarities of the local toponymic system. The paper presents the structure of an article adopted for the forthcoming reference book the authors are working on, along with the samples of dictionary articles.

The paper is the first part of a larger study aiming at characterizing toponyms of the Wadowice district (Małopolska Voivodeship, southern Poland), an area so far regarded as more densely populated only in late Middle Ages or later, on the basis of its etymons, both appellative and anthroponymical. Only names confirmed in the course of data collection in the late 1950s were taken into consideration. The main question to be answered is to what extent the procedures identifying etymons of geographical names currently used by toponomasticians can prove both effective and accurate. In this part of the study, attention was focused on appellative etymons. A list of such items has been compiled, containing words attested in the major dictionaries or collections of the Polish lexis, as well as archaisms reconstructed solely on the basis of related toponyms. Some of the latter ones are discussed at some length in the body of the paper; some have been preserved in their topographical meanings in other Slavic languages (*čelo ‛precipitous slope’ metaph., *čьrtorъja ‛valley’, *xobotъ ‛river bend’ metaph., *sъbojь in various meanings, derivative *svьrkъl-‛(dwarf) spruce’ locally distorted to *ćwierkiel), others remain mere reconstructions, sometimes encountered in the toponymy of other parts of Poland as well (*gorěńь ‛burned forest”, *pertiŕь ‛path?’) or even endemic to that area (*nesъlnь ‛shaded place?’, *pobedr-‛slope?’, *prik(ъ)ŕaznь ‛precipitous slope’, *ryšь -a -e ‛reddish’; *tьlčanь ‛valley?’ metaph.). The only few unattested terms can be easily explained as Polish in origin (e.g. *gorьnica ‛upper part of a village etc.’). To sum up, the 20th century toponymy of this area is characterized by a notable lack/paucity of more archaic native derivational models (no structures in *-ьsko, *-ьno or *-yni), but at the same time by a surprisingly large number of Slavic lexical archaisms preserved in place names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to contribute to the methodology of the structuring of etymological dictionaries of geographical names and the popularization of knowledge regarding the origin of Silesian toponyms. It is based on experiences gathered during the digitization and publication in an electronic form of the SENGŚ ("Etymological Dictionary of Geographical Names of Silesia") and addresses the problems encountered. The article discusses the rules applied in the compilation of the SENGŚ and presents two information models used during the digitalization of this dictionary: a relational model and a graph model. The first one corresponds to standard approaches when designing electronic versions of dictionaries. The second allows the creation of solutions conforming to the idea of Linked Open Data, which are deployable as parts of the Semantic Internet. An important aspect also considered was the linking of historical materials listed in the dictionary entries with the corresponding records maintained in digital repositories. This association was realized using the AZON platform ("Atlas of Open Scientific Resources"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Domínios de Lingu@gem is the property of Dominios de Lingu@gem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This squib is a brief venture into the minor sub-branch of Linguistics known as Toponomastics, or the study of the meanings and sources of place names. The topic is suggested by a previously unpublished fragment in the Khoekhoe variety once spoken by the Korana Khoi of South Africa, in which four rivers (haka ǃgariku) were mentioned by Piet Links. While the names of three of the four are easily established, it is the identity and the original Khoekhoe name of the fourth river that is sought here. Various early records are consulted and compared for the purpose, and the original Khoekhoe names of three major rivers within the Vaal-Gariep system are proposed. In conclusion, the identity and name of the fourth river most likely to have been intended by Piet Links is arrived at.

Father Stanisław Kozierowki (1874–1949) – a Forerunner of the Onomastic Research on Western Slavs Father Stanisław Kozierowski was one of the outstanding Polish researchers of Slavic onomastics in the first half of the twentieth century. He published numerous works on, often already forgotten, names of villages, lakes, rivers and marshes, particularly in the region of Greater Poland and the area historically inhabited by Slavic peoples, stretching as far as the river Elbe. His studies were part of the research stream described as “Western thought” (myśl zachodnia, followed at the University of Poznań after the First World War), a dispute with German scholars pursued with the aim of proving Poland’s right to the territories on the Baltic Sea which had been historically populated by West Slavic tribes. After the Second World War, Kozierowski contributed to setting Polish names of villages and railways stations in the so-called Recovered Territories. Ksiądz Stanisław Kozierowski (1874–1949) – prekursor badań onomastycznych Zachodniej Słowiańszczyzny Ksiądz Stanisław Kozierowski był jednym z wybitnych polskich badaczy onomastyki słowiańskiej pierwszej połowy XX wieku. Opublikował liczne prace, w których przypomniał dawne, często już zapomniane nazwy miejscowości, jezior, rzek i bagien, zwłaszcza z terenu Wielkopolski oraz terenów zamieszkałych niegdyś przez ludność słowiańską do rzeki Łaby. Jego badania naukowe były częścią prowadzonych na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim w okresie międzywojennym badań określanych jako „myśl zachodnia”. Stanowiły one polemikę z badaczami niemieckimi i miały wykazać prawa Polski do ziem leżących nad Bałtykiem, zamieszkałych niegdyś przez plemiona zachodniosłowiańskie. Po II wojnie światowej ksiądz Stanisław Kozierowski przyczynił się do ustalenia polskich nazw miejscowości i stacji kolejowych na tzw. Ziemiach Odzyskanych.

Place-name research seems to be dominated by etymological questions. But other perspectives are important as well, as is demonstrated in one particular case: the conviction Thietmar of Merseburg manifests in his chronicle in the early 11th century that the place of his bishopric seat was named after Mars, the Roman god of war. This was not just his personal belief, but rather it fully corresponds with the then prevailing beliefs used in explaining the world and names at that time. And, seemingly, this prominent etymology raised the importance and prestige of the place and its imperial palace, as it is outlined in the present article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the current situation in Czech research of toponymy (place names), particularly urbanonymy (urban names, predominantly street names). The study of place names offers considerable potential for interdisciplinary approaches to research; however, scholars (both in onomastics and in non-onomastic disciplines) currently lack interest in such cooperation, and this represents a major barrier to the development of mutually inspirational research in the field. The article outlines three main reasons underlying this situation: the long-established tradition of Czech onomastic research drawing on etymological and historical approaches towards place names; the prevailing emphasis on onomastic material; and an overly simplistic view of what constitutes onomastic research and methodology as well as of their application in interdisciplinary cooperation. In response to this situation, the author discusses a modern research concept which has the potential to offer a new methodological impulse to Czech onomastics and restore it to its former status as a respected discipline — the concept of the linguistic landscape. This concept could be successfully applied to research exploring the urbanonymy of modern Czech cities built during the post-war era — such as the new Socialist cities dating from the 1950s, or concrete housing estates. However, several problems need to be discussed — including the proprial status of urbanonyms, the definition of the urban area, and the relations between standardized (predominantly official) and non-standardized (unofficial, popular) forms of urban place names.

This article aims to contribute to the methodology of the structuring of etymological dictionaries of geographical names and the popularization of knowledge regarding the origin of Silesian toponyms. It is based on experiences gathered during the digitization and publication in an electronic form of the SENGŚ (“Etymological Dictionary of Geographical Names of Silesia”) and addresses the problems encountered. The article discusses the rules applied in the compilation of the SENGŚ and presents two information models used during the digitalization of this dictionary: a relational model and a graph model. The first one corresponds to standard approaches when designing electronic versions of dictionaries. The second allows the creation of solutions conforming to the idea of Linked Open Data, which are deployable as parts of the Semantic Internet. An important aspect also considered was the linking of historical materials listed in the dictionary entries with the corresponding records maintained in digital repositories. This association was realized using the AZON platform (“Atlas of Open Scientific Resources”).

Social and textual dissemination of geographical names as well as their regular use and their assessment (as correct or incorrect) are moulded by a complex constellation of toponym users and various texts. In this constellation geographers and cartographers constitute an important “collective player” who may influence the processes considerably. In the present paper the hierarchy of communicative communities using toponyms (first proposed by L. Zabrocki) is briefly discussed. An outline of general linguistic concepts used in the assessment of language elements (as introduced by the Prague Linguistic Circle) is provided. These concepts are modified and adapted here in order to fit the special characteristics of geographical names. The newly developed and proposed toponomastic categories comprise the concepts of toponymic usus (with several subtypes: professional, official/public, private, cartographic), toponymic norm (natural or codified), and toponymic codification (official, linguistic, textual, cartographic). These concepts are then discussed as a network of factors influencing the use of geographical names. Finally, the proposed toponomastic model of dissemination and assessment of geographical names and the newly introduced toponomastic concepts are used to outline the role geographers and cartographers play in fixing, propagating or creating geographical names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vox Romanica: Annales Helvetici Explorandis Linguis Romanicis Destinati is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Onomastica is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Slowianskiej is the property of Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Slavic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The articles analyzes monographs and scientific articles from various onomastic subdisciplines that analyze the Slovak onymic space. The author summarizes the already explored regions and outlines the next perspective research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vox Romanica: Annales Helvetici Explorandis Linguis Romanicis Destinati is the property of Narr Francke Attempto Verlag GmbH & Co.KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the presented paper, we pay attention to the non-standardized names of caves and abysses (speleonyms) located in the territory of the Slovak Karst National Park. The aim of the study is to present lingual and extralingual analysis of interonymic contacts in the creation process of speleonyms in the described area. The introductory part of the paper offers a theoretical overview of how the term transonymisation is currently understood in Slavic onomastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years several projects collecting toponyms have been carried out in the Gorenjska region. The projects focused on the recording of the dialectal form of toponyms and their use among local population. The article presents and draws attention to the significant differences between common uses of geographical names at the local level and formal use of names collected in the Slovenian national Register of Geographical Names, which consequently appear on official maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most cases the use of endo- and exonyms takes place within a text produced in a natural language. Geographical names are linguistic signs and fulfil in communication general functions of language as well as some additional specific functions that are typical of proper names only. Therefore, the description and assessment of endo- and (particularly) exonym use should take these functions into account. The aim of this paper is to propose a set of functions of geographical names, which, however, does apply to proper names in general as well. The set shall be useful in the evaluation of the use of exonyms. Some basic assumptions of the semiotic theory of proper name semantics are discussed in the paper. A concise presentation of Jakobson's (general) functions of language is made and the two possible perspectives in the description of toponym functions are discussed: the naming act and the subsequent use of a name. The paper provides a brief survey of selected theoretical stands on the functions of proper names taken by (Slavic) onomastics. These theoretical proposals are then compared with the functions listed by Jakobson. Finally, an extended set of communicative functions of toponyms is proposed and then applied to the description of endo- and exonym use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)