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1. Bedaquiline Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Zhejiang, China

Author

Tong E, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Wu K, Pan J, and Jiang J

Subjects
mycobacterium tuberculosis, rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, bedaquiline, whole-genome sequencing, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Enyu Tong,1,* Ying Zhou,1,* Zhengwei Liu,2 Yelei Zhu,2 Mingwu Zhang,2 Kunyang Wu,2 Junhang Pan,2 Jianmin Jiang1– 3 1School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311100, People’s Republic of China; 2Tuberculosis Control Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, People’s Republic of China; 3Key Laboratory of Vaccine, Prevention and Control of Infectious Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310051, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Junhang Pan; Jianmin Jiang, Email jhpan@cdc.zj.cn; jmjiang@cdc.zj.cnPurpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of bedaquiline (BDQ) resistance among rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) isolates collected from Zhejiang, China.Patients and Methods: A total of 245 RR-TB isolates were collected from 19 municipal TB hospitals in Zhejiang province, China between January and December 2021. Microplate assays were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of BDQ. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on isolates with MIC values for BDQ ≥ 0.25 μg/mL.Results: Five (2.04%) BDQ-resistant strains were isolated from 245 tuberculosis patients. The resistance rate of BDQ was not correlated to the sex, age, treatment history, or occupation of patients. Four BDQ-resistant isolates and three BDQ-sensitive isolates were found to carry Rv0678 mutations, and one BDQ-resistant strain carried both Rv0678 and pepQ mutations. No mutations within the atpE and Rv1979c genes were observed.Conclusion: BDQ demonstrated strong in vitro antibacterial activity against RR-TB isolates, and the Rv0678 gene was identified as the primary mechanism contributing to BDQ resistance among RR-TB isolates from Zhejiang, China. Furthermore, in addition to the four currently known resistance-associated genes (atpE, Rv0678, Rv1979c, and pepQ), other mechanisms of resistance to BDQ may exist that need further study.Plain language summary: This study looked at a bacterial species called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes the highly problematic disease, tuberculosis. Certain strains of this bacterium have developed resistance to conventional antibiotics used in tuberculosis treatment, necessitating an investigation into the efficacy of the newer antibiotic, bedaquiline. We collected 245 rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis samples from patients in Zhejiang, China, subjecting them to bedaquiline susceptibility testing. Concurrently, we conducted a genetic analysis of the bacteria to pinpoint mutations linked to bedaquiline resistance. Out of the 245 samples, 5 were found to be resistant to bedaquiline. We found that mutations in a gene called Rv0678 were the main reason for this resistance. This gene had mutations in four of the bedaquiline-resistant samples and three of the bedaquiline-susceptible samples. One of the bedaquiline-resistant samples had mutations in both Rv0678 and another gene called pepQ. We also found that bedaquiline was effective at killing drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria in the lab. However, there may be other genes or mechanisms that make other bacteria resistant to the drug, which will need further study. Overall, this study helps us understand how bedaquiline works against drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria and identifies a genetic mechanism that can cause resistance to the drug.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, bedaquiline, whole-genome sequencing

Published
2023

2. Stacked Wafer Gradient Index Silicon Optics with Integral Anti-reflection Layers

Author

Defrance, F., Chattopadhyay, G., Connors, J., Golwala, S., Hollister, M. I., Jung-Kubiak, C., Padilla, E., Radford, S., Sayers, J., Tong, E. C., and Yoshida, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Silicon optics with wide bandwidth anti-reflection (AR) coatings, made of multi-layer textured silicon surfaces, are developed for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Single and double layer AR coatings were designed for an optimal transmission centered on 250 GHz, and fabricated using the DRIE (Deep Reaction Ion Etching) technique. Tests of high resistivity silicon wafers with single-layer coatings between 75 GHz and 330 GHz are presented and compared with the simulations., Comment: A more detailed article has been written and is now available in arXiv (arXiv:1803.05168) and published in Applied Optics (doi: 10.1364/AO.57.005196)

Published
2018

3. Design and characterization of the Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Age (LEDA) radiometer systems

Author

Price, D. C., Greenhill, L. J., Fialkov, A., Bernardi, G., Garsden, H., Barsdell, B. R., Kocz, J., Anderson, M. M., Bourke, S. A., Craig, J., Dexter, M. R., Dowell, J., Eastwood, M. W., Eftekhari, T., Ellingson, S. W., Hallinan, G., Hartman, J. M., Kimberk, R., Lazio, T. J. W., Leiker, S., MacMahon, D., Monroe, R., Schinzel, F., Taylor, G. B., Tong, E., Werthimer, D., and Woody, D. P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Large-Aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Age (LEDA) was designed to detect the predicted O(100)mK sky-averaged absorption of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Hydrogen in the neutral pre- and intergalactic medium just after the cosmological Dark Age. The spectral signature would be associated with emergence of a diffuse Ly$\alpha$ background from starlight during 'Cosmic Dawn'. Recently, Bowman et al. (2018) have reported detection of this predicted absorption feature, with an unexpectedly large amplitude of 530 mK, centered at 78 MHz. Verification of this result by an independent experiment, such as LEDA, is pressing. In this paper, we detail design and characterization of the LEDA radiometer systems, and a first-generation pipeline that instantiates a signal path model. Sited at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array, LEDA systems include the station correlator, five well-separated redundant dual polarization radiometers and backend electronics. The radiometers deliver a 30-85MHz band (16

Published
2017
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4. Hope

Author

Tong, E. M. W., Wróbel, Monika, Section editor, Zeigler-Hill, Virgil, editor, and Shackelford, Todd K., editor

Published
2020
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5. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.

Published
2023

6. Observations in the 1.3 and 1.5 THz Atmospheric Windows with the Receiver Lab Telescope

Author

Marrone, D. P., Blundell, R., Tong, E., Paine, S. N., Loudkov, D., Kawamura, J. H., Luhr, D., and Barrientos, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Receiver Lab Telescope (RLT) is a ground-based terahertz telescope; it is currently the only instrument producing astronomical data between 1 and 2 THz. The capabilities of the RLT have been expanding since observations began in late 2002. Initial observations were limited to the 850 GHz and 1.03 THz windows due to the availability of solid state local oscillators. In the last year we have begun observations with new local oscillators for the 1.3 and 1.5 THz atmospheric windows. These oscillators provide access to the 11-10 and 13-12 lines of CO at 1.267 and 1.497 THz, as well as the [N II] line at 1.461 THz. We report on our first measurements of these high CO transitions, which represent the highest-frequency detections ever made from the ground. We also present initial observations of [N II] and discuss the implications of this non-detection for the standard estimates of the strength of this line., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, IEEEtran.cls. To appear in the proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

Published
2005

7. Characterization and Status of a Terahertz Telescope

Author

Marrone, D. P., Blundell, R., Gibson, H., Paine, S., Papa, D. C., and Tong, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Receiver Lab Telescope (RLT) is a ground-based terahertz observatory, located at an altitude of 5525 m on Cerro Sairecabur, Chile. The RLT has been in operation since late 2002, producing the first well-calibrated astronomical data from the ground at frequencies above 1 THz. We discuss the status of this telescope after 18 months of operation and plans for the upcoming observing season. There are many practical challenges to operating a telescope at these frequencies, including difficulties in determining the pointing, measuring the telescope beam and efficiency, and calibrating data, resulting from high receiver noise, receiver gain instabilities, and low atmospheric transmission. We present some of the techniques we have employed for the RLT, including the use of atmospheric absorption lines in the place of continuum measurements for efficiency and beam measurements, and the utility of a Fourier-transform spectrometer for producing reliable data calibration., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology

Published
2004

8. A map of OMC-1 in CO 9-8

Author

Marrone, D. P., Battat, J., Bensch, F., Blundell, R., Diaz, M., Gibson, H., Hunter, T., Meledin, D., Paine, S., Papa, D. C., Radford, S. J. E., Smith, M., and Tong, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The distribution of 12C16O J=9-8 (1.037 THz) emission has been mapped in OMC-1 at 35 points with 84" resolution. This is the first map of this source in this transition and only the second velocity-resolved ground-based observation of a line in the terahertz frequency band. There is emission present at all points in the map, a region roughly 4' by 6' in size, with peak antenna temperature dropping only near the edges. Away from the Orion KL outflow, the velocity structure suggests that most of the emission comes from the OMC-1 photon-dominated region, with a typical linewidthof 3-6 km/s. Large velocity gradient modeling of the emission in J=9-8 and six lower transitions suggests that the lines originate in regions with temperatures around 120 K and densities of at least 10^(3.5) cm^(-3) near theta^(1) C Ori and at the Orion Bar, and from 70 K gas at around 10^(4) cm^(-3) southeast and west of the bar. These observations are among the first made with the 0.8 m Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Receiver Lab Telescope, a new instrument designed to observe at frequencies above 1 THz from an extremely high and dry site in northern Chile., Comment: Minor changes to references, text to match ApJ version

Published
2004
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10. ARTIST (Asian regional tobacco industry scientist team): Philip Morris' attempt to exert a scientific and regulatory agenda on Asia

Author

Tong, E K and Glantz, Stanton A., Ph.D.

Abstract

Objective: To describe how the transnational tobacco industry has collaborated with local Asian tobacco monopolies and companies to promote a scientific and regulatory agenda. Methods: Analysis of previously secret tobacco industry documents. Results: Transnational tobacco companies began aggressively entering the Asia market in the 1980s, and the current tobacco industry in Asia is a mix of transnational and local monopolies or private companies. Tobacco industry documents demonstrate that, in 1996, Philip Morris led an organisation of scientific representatives from different tobacco companies called the Asian Regional Tobacco Industry Science Team (ARTIST), whose membership grew to include monopolies from Korea, China, Thailand, and Taiwan and a company from Indonesia. ARTIST was initially a vehicle for PM's strategies against anticipated calls for global smoke-free areas from a World Health Organization secondhand smoke study. ARTIST evolved through 2001 into a forum to present scientific and regulatory issues faced primarily by Philip Morris and other transnational tobacco companies. Philip Morris' goal for the organisation became to reach the external scientific and public health community and relators in Asia. Conclusion: The Asian tobacco industry has changed from an environment of invasion by transnational tobacco companies to an environment of participation with Philip Morris' initiated activities. With this, participation, tobacco control efforts in Asia face new challenges as Philip Morris promotes and integrates its scientific and regulatory agenda into the local Asian tobacco industry. As the local Asian tobacco monopolies and companies can have direct links with their governments, future implementation tobacco control may be at odds with national priorities.

Published
2004

11. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., Bastian B., Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

Published
2022

13. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, Yeung, VWL, Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, and Yeung, VWL

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2023

14. A 32‐society investigation of the influence of perceived economic inequality on social class stereotyping

Author

Tanjitpiyanond, P, Jetten, J, Peters, K, Ashokkumar, A, Barry, O, Billet, M, Becker, M, Booth, R, Castro, D, Chinchilla, J, Costantini, G, Dejonckheere, E, Dimdins, G, Erbas, Y, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Hatano, A, Hartwich, L, Jarukasemthawee, S, Karunagharan, J, Novak, L, Kim, J, Kohút, M, Liu, Y, Loughnan, S, Onyishi, I, Onyishi, C, Varela, M, Pattara‐angkoon, I, Peker, M, Pisitsungkagarn, K, Rizwan, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Turner, R, Vanhasbroeck, N, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wacera, G, Wang, Z, Wibisono, S, Yeung, V, Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida, Jetten, Jolanda, Peters, Kim, Ashokkumar, Ashwini, Barry, Oumar, Billet, Matthew, Becker, Maja, Booth, Robert W., Castro, Diego, Chinchilla, Juana, Costantini, Giulio, Dejonckheere, Egon, Dimdins, Girts, Erbas, Yasemin, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Hatano, Aya, Hartwich, Lea, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar, Novak, Lindsay M., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Liu, Yi, Loughnan, Steve, Onyishi, Ike E., Onyishi, Charity N., Varela, Micaela, Pattara‐angkoon, Iris S., Peker, Müjde, Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya, Rizwan, Muhammad, Suh, Eunkook M., Swann, William, Tong, Eddie M. W., Turner, Rhiannon N., Vanhasbroeck, Niels, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Vauclair, Christin‐Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wacera, Grace, Wang, Zhechen, Wibisono, Susilo, Yeung, Victoria Wai‐Lan, Tanjitpiyanond, P, Jetten, J, Peters, K, Ashokkumar, A, Barry, O, Billet, M, Becker, M, Booth, R, Castro, D, Chinchilla, J, Costantini, G, Dejonckheere, E, Dimdins, G, Erbas, Y, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Hatano, A, Hartwich, L, Jarukasemthawee, S, Karunagharan, J, Novak, L, Kim, J, Kohút, M, Liu, Y, Loughnan, S, Onyishi, I, Onyishi, C, Varela, M, Pattara‐angkoon, I, Peker, M, Pisitsungkagarn, K, Rizwan, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Turner, R, Vanhasbroeck, N, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wacera, G, Wang, Z, Wibisono, S, Yeung, V, Tanjitpiyanond, Porntida, Jetten, Jolanda, Peters, Kim, Ashokkumar, Ashwini, Barry, Oumar, Billet, Matthew, Becker, Maja, Booth, Robert W., Castro, Diego, Chinchilla, Juana, Costantini, Giulio, Dejonckheere, Egon, Dimdins, Girts, Erbas, Yasemin, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Hatano, Aya, Hartwich, Lea, Jarukasemthawee, Somboon, Karunagharan, Jaya Kumar, Novak, Lindsay M., Kim, Jinseok P., Kohút, Michal, Liu, Yi, Loughnan, Steve, Onyishi, Ike E., Onyishi, Charity N., Varela, Micaela, Pattara‐angkoon, Iris S., Peker, Müjde, Pisitsungkagarn, Kullaya, Rizwan, Muhammad, Suh, Eunkook M., Swann, William, Tong, Eddie M. W., Turner, Rhiannon N., Vanhasbroeck, Niels, Van Lange, Paul A. M., Vauclair, Christin‐Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wacera, Grace, Wang, Zhechen, Wibisono, Susilo, and Yeung, Victoria Wai‐Lan

Abstract

There is a growing body of work suggesting that social class stereotypes are amplified when people perceive higher levels of economic inequality—that is, the wealthy are perceived as more competent and assertive and the poor as more incompetent and unassertive. The present study tested this prediction in 32 societies and also examines the role of wealth-based categorization in explaining this relationship. We found that people who perceived higher economic inequality were indeed more likely to consider wealth as a meaningful basis for categorization. Unexpectedly, however, higher levels of perceived inequality were associated with perceiving the wealthy as less competent and assertive and the poor as more competent and assertive. Unpacking this further, exploratory analyses showed that the observed tendency to stereotype the wealthy negatively only emerged in societies with lower social mobility and democracy and higher corruption. This points to the importance of understanding how socio-structural features that co-occur with economic inequality may shape perceptions of the wealthy and the poor.

Published
2023

18. Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Van Doesum, N, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyishi, I, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland, Kelly, Van Lange, Paul A M, Van Doesum, Niels J, Acevedo-Triana, Cesar, Amiot, Catherine E, Ausmees, Liisi, Baguma, Peter, Barry, Oumar, Becker, Maja, Bilewicz, Michal, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Castelain, Thomas, Costantini, Giulio, Dimdins, Girts, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Fischer, Ronald, Friese, Malte, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Halama, Peter, Ilustrisimo, Ruby D, Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M, Kuppens, Peter, Loughnan, Steve, Markovik, Marijana, Mastor, Khairul A, McLatchie, Neil, Novak, Lindsay M, Onyishi, Ike E, Peker, Müjde, Rizwan, Muhammad, Schaller, Mark, Suh, Eunkook M, Swann, William B, Tong, Eddie M W, Torres, Ana, Turner, Rhiannon N, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wang, Zhechen, Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan, Bastian, Brock, Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Van Doesum, N, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyishi, I, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland, Kelly, Van Lange, Paul A M, Van Doesum, Niels J, Acevedo-Triana, Cesar, Amiot, Catherine E, Ausmees, Liisi, Baguma, Peter, Barry, Oumar, Becker, Maja, Bilewicz, Michal, Boonyasiriwat, Watcharaporn, Castelain, Thomas, Costantini, Giulio, Dimdins, Girts, Espinosa, Agustín, Finchilescu, Gillian, Fischer, Ronald, Friese, Malte, Gómez, Ángel, González, Roberto, Goto, Nobuhiko, Halama, Peter, Ilustrisimo, Ruby D, Jiga-Boy, Gabriela M, Kuppens, Peter, Loughnan, Steve, Markovik, Marijana, Mastor, Khairul A, McLatchie, Neil, Novak, Lindsay M, Onyishi, Ike E, Peker, Müjde, Rizwan, Muhammad, Schaller, Mark, Suh, Eunkook M, Swann, William B, Tong, Eddie M W, Torres, Ana, Turner, Rhiannon N, Vauclair, Christin-Melanie, Vinogradov, Alexander, Wang, Zhechen, Yeung, Victoria Wai Lan, and Bastian, Brock

Abstract

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice – known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance – a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.

Published
2022

24. Joint optimization algorithm for 6G network task offloading and fine-grained slice resource scheduling

Author

WANG Ye, WANG Yifei, CHEN Kang, ZHU Xiaorong, TONG En, and XU Yufei

Subjects
6G network, task offloading, fine-grained slicing, multi-dimensional resource, joint optimization, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720, Technology
Abstract

In response to the diverse business needs of the future in all domains and scenarios, 6G networks need to provide scenario-based and personalized service capabilities. Aiming at the problem of quality assurance of fine-grained business services in the future, a joint optimization algorithm for 6G network task offloading and fine-grained slice resource scheduling was proposed, which jointly considered the calculation offloading of multiple MECs and the resource scheduling of network slices, and minimized the execution delay and energy consumption cost of the task within limited resources. Then the A3C reinforcement learning algorithm of asynchronous training was used to solve it. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the computing cost while meeting the business needs of users. Additionally, the algorithm converges fast and can realize fast decision-making.

Published
2024
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26. Congestion Attack Detection in Intelligent Traffic Signal System: Combining Empirical and Analytical Methods

Author

Xiang, Y, Niu, W, Tong, E, Li, Y, Jia, B, Wu, Y, Liu, J, Chang, L, Li, Gang, Xiang, Y, Niu, W, Tong, E, Li, Y, Jia, B, Wu, Y, Liu, J, Chang, L, and Li, Gang

Abstract

The intelligent traffic signal (I-SIG) system aims to perform automatic and optimal signal control based on traffic situation awareness by leveraging connected vehicle (CV) technology. However, the current signal control algorithm is highly vulnerable to CV data spoofing attacks. These vulnerabilities can be exploited to create congestion in an intersection and even trigger a cascade failure in the traffic network. To avoid this issue, timely and accurate congestion attack detection and identification are essential. This work proposes a congestion attack detection approach by combining empirical prediction and analytical verification. First, we collect a range of traffic images that correspond to specific traffic snapshots which are vulnerable to potential data spoofing attacks. Based on these traffic images, an improved generative adversarial network is trained to predict whether a forthcoming attack will cause congestion with a high probability. Meanwhile, we define a group of traffic flow features. After exploring features and conducting a thorough analysis, a TGRU (tree-regularized gated recurrent unit)-based approach is proposed to verify whether congestion occurs. When we find a possible attack that can cause congestion with high probability and subsequent traffic flows also prove congestion, we can say there is a congestion attack. Thus, we can realize timely and accurate congestion attack detection by integrating empirical prediction and analytical verification. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach performs well in congestion attack detection accuracy and timeliness.

Published
2021

28. Hospital pharmacists’ experiences of participating in a partnered pharmacist medication charting credentialing program: a qualitative study

Author

Beks, Hannah, McNamara, Kevin, Manias, Elizabeth, Dalton, A, Tong, E, Dooley, M, Beks, Hannah, McNamara, Kevin, Manias, Elizabeth, Dalton, A, Tong, E, and Dooley, M

Abstract

Abstract Background Medication-related errors are one of the most frequently reported incidents in hospitals. With the aim of reducing the medication error rate, a Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) model was trialled in seven Australian hospitals from 2016 to 2017. Participating pharmacists completed a credentialing program to equip them with skills to participate in the trial as a medication-charting pharmacist. Skills included obtaining a comprehensive medication history to chart pre-admission medications in collaboration with an admitting medical officer. The program involved both theoretical and practical components to assess the competency of pharmacists. Methods A qualitative evaluation of the multi-site PPMC implementation trial was undertaken. Pharmacists and key informants involved in the trial participated in an interview or focus group session to share their experiences and attitudes regarding the PPMC credentialing program. An interview schedule was used to guide sessions. Transcripts were analysed using a pragmatic inductive-deductive thematic approach. Results A total of 125 participants were involved in interviews or focus groups during early and late implementation data collection periods. Three themes pertaining to the PPMC credentialing program were identified: (1) credentialing as an upskilling opportunity, (2) identifying the essential components of credentialing, and (3) implementing and sustaining the PPMC credentialing program. Conclusions The PPMC credentialing program provided pharmacists with an opportunity to expand their scope of practice and consolidate clinical knowledge. Local adaptations to the PPMC credentialing program enabled pharmacists to meet the varying needs

Published
2021

29. Hospital pharmacists' experiences of participating in a partnered pharmacist medication charting credentialing program: a qualitative study.

Author

Beks, H, Namara, KM, Manias, E, Dalton, A, Tong, E, Dooley, M, Beks, H, Namara, KM, Manias, E, Dalton, A, Tong, E, and Dooley, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Medication-related errors are one of the most frequently reported incidents in hospitals. With the aim of reducing the medication error rate, a Partnered Pharmacist Medication Charting (PPMC) model was trialled in seven Australian hospitals from 2016 to 2017. Participating pharmacists completed a credentialing program to equip them with skills to participate in the trial as a medication-charting pharmacist. Skills included obtaining a comprehensive medication history to chart pre-admission medications in collaboration with an admitting medical officer. The program involved both theoretical and practical components to assess the competency of pharmacists. METHODS: A qualitative evaluation of the multi-site PPMC implementation trial was undertaken. Pharmacists and key informants involved in the trial participated in an interview or focus group session to share their experiences and attitudes regarding the PPMC credentialing program. An interview schedule was used to guide sessions. Transcripts were analysed using a pragmatic inductive-deductive thematic approach. RESULTS: A total of 125 participants were involved in interviews or focus groups during early and late implementation data collection periods. Three themes pertaining to the PPMC credentialing program were identified: (1) credentialing as an upskilling opportunity, (2) identifying the essential components of credentialing, and (3) implementing and sustaining the PPMC credentialing program. CONCLUSIONS: The PPMC credentialing program provided pharmacists with an opportunity to expand their scope of practice and consolidate clinical knowledge. Local adaptations to the PPMC credentialing program enabled pharmacists to meet the varying needs and capacities of hospitals, including the policies and procedures of different clinical settings. These findings highlight key issues to consider when implementation a credentialing program for pharmacists in the hospital setting.

Published
2021

32. A within-coil optical prospective motion-correction system for brain imaging at 7T

Author

DiGiacomo, P, Maclaren, J, Aksoy, M, Tong, E, Carlson, M, Lanzman, B, Hashmi, S, Watkins, R, Rosenberg, J, Burns, B, Skloss, TW, Rettmann, D, Rutt, B, Bammer, R, Zeineh, M, DiGiacomo, P, Maclaren, J, Aksoy, M, Tong, E, Carlson, M, Lanzman, B, Hashmi, S, Watkins, R, Rosenberg, J, Burns, B, Skloss, TW, Rettmann, D, Rutt, B, Bammer, R, and Zeineh, M

Abstract

PURPOSE: Motion artifact limits the clinical translation of high-field MR. We present an optical prospective motion correction system for 7 Tesla MRI using a custom-built, within-coil camera to track an optical marker mounted on a subject. METHODS: The camera was constructed to fit between the transmit-receive coils with direct line of sight to a forehead-mounted marker, improving upon prior mouthpiece work at 7 Tesla MRI. We validated the system by acquiring a 3D-IR-FSPGR on a phantom with deliberate motion applied. The same 3D-IR-FSPGR and a 2D gradient echo were then acquired on 7 volunteers, with/without deliberate motion and with/without motion correction. Three neuroradiologists blindly assessed image quality. In 1 subject, an ultrahigh-resolution 2D gradient echo with 4 averages was acquired with motion correction. Four single-average acquisitions were then acquired serially, with the subject allowed to move between acquisitions. A fifth single-average 2D gradient echo was acquired following subject removal and reentry. RESULTS: In both the phantom and human subjects, deliberate and involuntary motion were well corrected. Despite marked levels of motion, high-quality images were produced without spurious artifacts. The quantitative ratings confirmed significant improvements in image quality in the absence and presence of deliberate motion across both acquisitions (P < .001). The system enabled ultrahigh-resolution visualization of the hippocampus during a long scan and robust alignment of serially acquired scans with interspersed movement. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate the use of a within-coil camera to perform optical prospective motion correction and ultrahigh-resolution imaging at 7 Tesla MRI. The setup does not require a mouthpiece, which could improve accessibility of motion correction during 7 Tesla MRI exams.

Published
2020

36. Deep Learning for Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumor Detection and Classification: A Multi-Institutional Study

Author

Quon, J.L., primary, Bala, W., additional, Chen, L.C., additional, Wright, J., additional, Kim, L.H., additional, Han, M., additional, Shpanskaya, K., additional, Lee, E.H., additional, Tong, E., additional, Iv, M., additional, Seekins, J., additional, Lungren, M.P., additional, Braun, K.R.M., additional, Poussaint, T.Y., additional, Laughlin, S., additional, Taylor, M.D., additional, Lober, R.M., additional, Vogel, H., additional, Fisher, P.G., additional, Grant, G.A., additional, Ramaswamy, V., additional, Vitanza, N.A., additional, Ho, C.Y., additional, Edwards, M.S.B., additional, Cheshier, S.H., additional, and Yeom, K.W., additional

Published
2020
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43. Medieval women's early involvement in manuscript production suggested by lapis lazuli identification in dental calculus

Author

Radini, A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-2639, Tromp, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-9099, Beach, A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1476-3706, Tong, E, Speller, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-9903, McCormick, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-9387, Dudgeon, J V, Collins, M J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-5501, Rühli, F, Kröger, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-4779, Warinner, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-5877, Radini, A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2099-2639, Tromp, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0747-9099, Beach, A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1476-3706, Tong, E, Speller, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-9903, McCormick, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-9387, Dudgeon, J V, Collins, M J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-5501, Rühli, F, Kröger, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-4779, and Warinner, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4528-5877

Abstract

During the European Middle Ages, the opening of long-distance Asian trade routes introduced exotic goods, including ultramarine, a brilliant blue pigment produced from lapis lazuli stone mined only in Afghanistan. Rare and as expensive as gold, this pigment transformed the European color palette, but little is known about its early trade or use. Here, we report the discovery of lapis lazuli pigment preserved in the dental calculus of a religious woman in Germany radiocarbon-dated to the 11th or early 12th century. The early use of this pigment by a religious woman challenges widespread assumptions about its limited availability in medieval Europe and the gendered production of illuminated texts.

Published
2019

44. Medieval women's early involvement in manuscript production suggested by lapis lazuli identification in dental calculus

Author

Radini, A., Tromp, M., Beach, A., Tong, E., Speller, C., McCormick, M., Dudgeon, J. V., Collins, M. J., Rühli, F., Kröger, R., Warinner, C., Radini, A., Tromp, M., Beach, A., Tong, E., Speller, C., McCormick, M., Dudgeon, J. V., Collins, M. J., Rühli, F., Kröger, R., and Warinner, C.

Abstract

During the European Middle Ages, the opening of long-distance Asian trade routes introduced exotic goods, including ultramarine, a brilliant blue pigment produced from lapis lazuli stone mined only in Afghanistan. Rare and as expensive as gold, this pigment transformed the European color palette, but little is known about its early trade or use. Here, we report the discovery of lapis lazuli pigment preserved in the dental calculus of a religious woman in Germany radiocarbon-dated to the 11th or early 12th century. The early use of this pigment by a religious woman challenges widespread assumptions about its limited availability in medieval Europe and the gendered production of illuminated texts.

Published
2019

46. Diffusion Characteristics of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Gliomas with Histone H3-K27M Mutation Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Histogram Analysis

Author

Aboian, M.S., primary, Tong, E., additional, Solomon, D.A., additional, Kline, C., additional, Gautam, A., additional, Vardapetyan, A., additional, Tamrazi, B., additional, Li, Y., additional, Jordan, C.D., additional, Felton, E., additional, Weinberg, B., additional, Braunstein, S., additional, Mueller, S., additional, and Cha, S., additional

Published
2019
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49. Current status of trichothecenes pollution and risk assessment in cereals and related products in China

Author

CHEN Yiming, ZHAO Bi, TONG Enyu, and ZHOU Biao

Subjects
grains and related products, trichothecenes, pollution status, risk assessment, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Wheat， corn and rice， as the main body of grain production in China， are easily contaminated by trichothecenes （TCT）. Therefore， it is necessary to investigate the pollution status of TCT and assess the exposure risk of residents from these three kinds of grains and their related products. This study reviews the published studies about TCT pollution and exposure risk assessment of residents from wheat， corn， rice and their related products in China from 2011 to 2021. It is found that most of the grains and related products were polluted by TCT， and excessive TCT content was found in some studies. From a regional point of view， the pollution in the South was more serious than that in the North. The pollution of wheat and its related products was more serious than that of corn， rice and their related products. Exposure risk assessment of residents was mainly aimed at deoxynivalenol and its derivatives. The result showed that the average exposure level of residents in most areas was within the acceptable range， but some people were at risk. In the future， the prevention and control of all kinds of TCT in grains and related products should be strengthened， as well as the exposure risk assessment of residents.

Published
2023
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50. Design and characterization of the Large-aperture Experiment to Detect the Dark Age (LEDA) radiometer systems

Author

Price, D C, primary, Greenhill, L J, additional, Fialkov, A, additional, Bernardi, G, additional, Garsden, H, additional, Barsdell, B R, additional, Kocz, J, additional, Anderson, M M, additional, Bourke, S A, additional, Craig, J, additional, Dexter, M R, additional, Dowell, J, additional, Eastwood, M W, additional, Eftekhari, T, additional, Ellingson, S W, additional, Hallinan, G, additional, Hartman, J M, additional, Kimberk, R, additional, Lazio, T Joseph W, additional, Leiker, S, additional, MacMahon, D, additional, Monroe, R, additional, Schinzel, F, additional, Taylor, G B, additional, Tong, E, additional, Werthimer, D, additional, and Woody, D P, additional

Published
2018
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