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The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanism of salidroside (SAL) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.We set up an H/R H9c2 cell model in vitro and an I/R rat model in vivo. Cell viability, apoptosis and histopathologic evaluation were conducted.The cell viability of H/R-induced cardiomyocytes was increased by pretreatment of SAL, whereas the release of lactate dehydrogenase, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis were decreased accompanied with reduced Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, and increased Bcl-2 expressions. The SAL restored mitochondrial membrane potential both in vitro and in vivo, and improved electrocardiographic abnormality, and attenuated myocardial apoptosis and injury in I/R-induced rats. The transfection of miR-378a-3p inhibitor counteracted the effects of SAL-induced increase of cell viability and decrease of cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. SAL reduced the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), and increased the expressions of PI3K and Akt, however, these alterations were blocked by miR-378a-3p inhibitor.miR-378a-3p might participate in the protective effect of SAL in I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis via the IGF1R/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

In this paper, we exploit a large-scale TV program, the Super Bowl 2016, to investigate the impact of television program–induced emotions on viewers’ online word-of-mouth (WOM) behavior on Twitter toward the Super Bowl ads aired during the game. The results obtained from a difference-in-differences analysis support our hypotheses on the direct and congruence effects of television program–induced emotions. Findings on the direct effect suggest that television program–induced emotional shocks (e.g., frustration after a fumble or joyness after a touchdown) have a significant effect on the arousal and valence of viewers’ online WOM toward ads subsequently. We additionally find that a match between television program–induced emotional shocks and the emotional content of ads leads to a more significant increase in the arousal and more favorable valence of online WOM responses to ads subsequently. Our findings suggest that advertisers should pay attention to the emotional context of ads in which the ads are placed and the content of ads. It would be more optimal to allocate ads into different programs or different positions in a certain program such that the context of ads and the content of ads are carefully matched or contrasted, especially when ads are likely to stimulate positive feedback from the audience.

The present study aimed to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of a polysaccharide (OP), which is isolated from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench), in CUMS-induced mice and its possible mechanisms. OPT, FST and TST were employed to examine the anxiety and depressive behavior in CUMS-induced mice and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) CUMS-induced mice, while proinflammatory cytokines, TLR4/NF-κB pathway and MAPKs signaling were detected in both CUMS-induced mice and LPS-induced BV2 cells. The results showed that anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, gut microbiota dysbiosis and changes of SCFAs, and activation of inflammatory reactions in the colon, serum, and hippocampus of CUMS-induced mice, as well as activation of inflammatory reactions in BV2 cells, could be alleviated by the treatment of OP. The mice that were colonized by OP microbiota showed improved anxiety and depressive behaviors and lower inflammatory response. Furthermore, OP inhibited the expression of TLR4, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced the MAPKs signaling, these effects of OP also observed in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Above all, suggested that the potential mechanism of the antidepressant-like effects of OP was closely correlated with the bidirectional communication of microbiota-gut-brain axis via regulation of inflammation response.

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of salidroside (SAL) from Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis on hypoglycemic and oxidative stress responses. The palmitate (PA)-induced GLUTag cells model and the glucosamine-induced insulin resistance model in HepG2 cells were built. SAL led to the up-regulation of the serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level by facilitating the SCFAs production, the promotion of GLP-1 synthesis by improving p38 MAPK phosphorylation and regulating insulin resistance. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of MAPKs were down-regulated. Furthermore, SAL was found to be able to inhibit PA-induced apoptosis that down-regulates cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expressions, while up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and up-regulates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in glucosamine induced insulin resistance model. Besides, SAL can also up-regulate the mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway in the PA-induced GLUTag cells model. Our data demonstrated that SAL could reverse insulin resistance and stimulates the GLP-1 secretion by alleviating ROS-mediated activation of MAPKs signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our data showed that SAL could increase the GLP-1 level by stimulating the SCFAs production and p38 phosphorylation and facilitate the IR and GLP-1 synthesis by alleviating ROS-mediated activation of MAPKs signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis. Furthermore, the SAL has also stimulated the mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway in PA-induced GLUTag cells model. The results provided a possibility to employ SAL for diabetes treatment.

The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of salidroside (SAL) from Rhodiola wallichiana var. cholaensis on hypoglycemic and oxidative stress responses. The palmitate (PA)-induced GLUTag cells model and the glucosamine-induced insulin resistance model in HepG2 cells were built. SAL led to the up-regulation of the serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) level by facilitating the SCFAs production, the promotion of GLP-1 synthesis by improving p38 MAPK phosphorylation and regulating insulin resistance. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of MAPKs were down-regulated. Furthermore, SAL was found to be able to inhibit PA-induced apoptosis that down-regulates cleaved caspase-3 and Bax expressions, while up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and up-regulates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in glucosamine induced insulin resistance model. Besides, SAL can also up-regulate the mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway in the PA-induced GLUTag cells model. Our data demonstrated that SAL could reverse insulin resistance and stimulates the GLP-1 secretion by alleviating ROS-mediated activation of MAPKs signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our data showed that SAL could increase the GLP-1 level by stimulating the SCFAs production and p38 phosphorylation and facilitate the IR and GLP-1 synthesis by alleviating ROS-mediated activation of MAPKs signaling pathway and mitigating apoptosis. Furthermore, the SAL has also stimulated the mTOR/p70S6k signaling pathway in PA-induced GLUTag cells model. The results provided a possibility to employ SAL for diabetes treatment.

Many online platforms rely on users to voluntarily provide content. What motivates users to contribute content for free, however, is not well understood. In this paper, we use a revealed-preference approach to show that career concerns play an important role in user contributions to Stack Overflow, the largest online question-and-answer community. We investigate how activities that can enhance a user’s reputation vary before and after the user finds a new job. We contrast this reputation-generating activity with activities that do not improve a user’s reputation. After finding a new job, users contribute 23.7% less in reputation-generating activity; by contrast, they reduce their non–reputation-generating activity by only 7.4%. These findings suggest that users contribute to Stack Overflow in part because they perceive such contributions as a way to improve future employment prospects. We provide direct evidence against alternative explanations such as integer constraints, skills mismatch, and dynamic selection effects. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.

Epidemiological studies showed that a high-fat diet threatened human health seriously. It can induce various diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disturbance and cognitive dysfunction which also related to insulin signaling. In the present study, Aβ

Quality certification is one way for online marketplaces and sharing economy platforms to establish trust and reduce quality uncertainty. While prior work has examined the efficacy of third-party quality certification, little attention has been paid to quality self-certification by the platform itself. In this paper, we examine the economic impact of the launch of Airbnb Plus, wherein the platform inspects properties (for a fee) and provides a quality badge that presumably signals high quality of the property, in terms of style, amenities, maintenance, and reliability of the host. Given the relatively small magnitude of the one-time inspection fee and lack of capacity for ongoing monitoring, it is an empirical question as to whether the Plus badge is a credible signal of quality — or just “cheap talk.” The fact that the Plus service was launched in different cities at different times, and individual listings within the cities received the certification at different times, allows us to identify the economic impact of Airbnb Plus using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, in conjunction with suitable matching methods. We find that Plus certification increases the weekly booking rate of Plus listings by about 7.6% on average (direct effect). On the other hand, a non-Plus listing sees a 1.5% decline in booking rate when one or more neighboring properties receive a Plus certification (externality effect). The net impact of the Airbnb Plus service on the platform itself is an increase in revenues of over $80,000 per year for the average 2-kilometer zone that includes one or more Plus listings, as compared to matched zones without any Plus listings (local platform effect). These empirical regularities raise some intriguing questions for the future of the sharing economy platform, and whether quality-tiering will help Airbnb to more effectively compete against the hotel industry.

Epidemiological studies showed that a high-fat diet threatened human health seriously. It can induce various diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disturbance and cognitive dysfunction which also related to insulin signaling. In the present study, Aβ1-42 induced AD model mice and normal mice were given a standard diet and high-fat diet, respectively. Meanwhile, Okra polysaccharides were used to treat AD mice to explore the possible mechanism between Alzheimer's disease and insulin signals. Weight and blood glucose of mice were measured weekly. Through the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test, the Okra polysaccharides could improve the cognitive impairment of the AD mice. In addition, we also performed the serum chemistry analysis of mice, studied the histopathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region by HE staining and detected the expressions of AKT, PI3K, ERK1/2, and GSK3β in the hippocampus by western blot. These results suggested that a high-fat diet can aggravate the metabolic disorder in AD mice and Okra polysaccharides can significantly reverse the metabolic disorder induced by high-fat diet and cognitive function injury in AD mice.