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Abstract Remote sensing technology has the potential to enhance the lake’s large-scale and long-term dynamic monitoring capabilities significantly. High-quality in-situ datasets are essential for improving the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing retrieval of lake ecosystems. This dataset provides satellite-ground synchronized in-situ data on water multi-parameters for typical lakes in China spanning the period between 2020 and 2023. It includes quality-checked water optical parameters (remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM) and Secchi disk depth (SDD)), and water surface temperature (WST) data. It encompasses 586 sampling points across 18 lakes. The dataset exhibits two significant highlights: Firstly, synchronous observations from multiple satellites are coordinated during the data collection effectively supporting the retrieval and validation of water remote sensing products. Secondly, it encompasses diverse data types, collecting synchronous measurements of Rrs and various parameters. This dataset will continuously update, substantially enhancing regional and global lake monitoring capabilities through satellite remote sensing data.

Abstract Immunotherapy exhibits considerable promise for sustained tumor reduction. However, current cancer immunotherapy methods elicit limited responses due to the inadequate immunogenicity exhibited by cancer cells. This obstacle may be addressed using nanoplatforms that can activate synergistic therapies (photodynamic therapy and ferroptosis) in response to the acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment. We previously developed an amphiphilic photosensitizer, SR780, which displays satisfactory photodynamic effects. This photosensitizer is inactivated when bound to Fe3+ (SR780Fe) but is activated upon release in mildly acidic conditions. In this study, M1 macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were fused with REV and SR780Fe–loaded liposomes (REV@SR780Fe@Lip) to form REV@SR780Fe@LEV hybrid nanovesicles. Further modification with the RS17 peptide for tumor targeting enabled a combination of photodynamic therapy, ferroptosis, and cGAS-STING pathway activation, resulting in enhanced antitumor efficacy through a synergistic effect. Upon laser irradiation, REV@SR780Fe@LEV-RS17 demonstrated antitumor effects in 4T1 breast cancer models, including the inhibition of lung and liver metastasis, as well as prevention of tumor recurrence. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) is an important and valuable medicinal plant species used in traditional Chinese medicine, and its metabolite ginsenoside is the primary active ingredient. The FAR1/FHY3 gene family members play critical roles in plant growth and development as well as participate in a variety of physiological processes, including plant development and signaling of hormones. Studies have indicated that methyl jasmonate treatment of ginseng adventitious roots resulted in a significant increase in the content of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. Therefore, it is highly significant to screen the FAR1/FHY3 gene family members in ginseng and preliminarily investigate their expression patterns in response to methyl jasmonic acid signaling. In this study, we screened and identified the FAR1/FHY3 family genes in the ginseng transcriptome databases. And then, we analyzed their gene structure and phylogeny, chromosomal localization and expression patterns, and promoter cis-acting elements, and made GO functional annotations on the members of this family. After that, we treated the ginseng adventitious roots with 200 mM methyl jasmonate and investigated the trend of the expression of four genes containing the largest number of methyl jasmonate cis-acting elements at different treatment times. All four genes were able to respond to methyl jasmonate, the most significant change was in the PgFAR40 gene. This study provides data support for subsequent studies of this family member in ginseng and provides experimental reference for subsequent validation of the function of this family member under methyl jasmonic acid signaling.

Abstract Background Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) are complex disorders with unclear origins, underscoring the need for in-depth molecular investigations into their mechanisms. The main aim of this study is to identify the shared key genes between LQTS and BWS, shedding light on potential common molecular pathways underlying these syndromes. Methods The LQTS and BWS datasets are available for download from the GEO database. Differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect significant modules and central genes. Gene enrichment analysis was performed. CIBERSORT was used for immune cell infiltration analysis. The predictive protein interaction (PPI) network of core genes was constructed using STRING, and miRNAs regulating central genes were screened using TargetScan. Results Five hundred DEGs associated with Long QT Syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome were identified. GSEA analysis revealed enrichment in pathways such as T cell receptor signaling, MAPK signaling, and adrenergic signaling in cardiac myocytes. Immune cell infiltration indicated higher levels of memory B cells and naive CD4 T cells. Four core genes (CD8A, ICOS, CTLA4, LCK) were identified, with CD8A and ICOS showing low expression in the syndromes and high expression in normal samples, suggesting potential inverse regulatory roles. Conclusion The expression of CD8A and ICOS is low in long QT syndrome and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, indicating their potential as key genes in the pathogenesis of these syndromes. The identification of shared key genes between LQTS and BWS provides insights into common molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders, potentially facilitating the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.

Background Few small‐sample studies have quantified the T‐wave alternans (TWA) value by 24‐hour ambulatory recordings or exercise stress tests in patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS). The cutoff point of TWA ≥47 μV was based on patients with myocardial infarction. In our study, we aimed to (1) evaluate the association of TWA with life‐threatening arrhythmic events (LAEs); (2) compare the predictive model of LAEs according to the TWA value measured by 24‐hour ambulatory recordings and exercise stress tests; and (3) propose a cutoff point for the high risk of LAEs in patients with LQTS. Methods and Results The study cohort included 110 patients with LQTS referred to our hospital, and the primary outcome was LAEs. Thirty‐one patients with LQTS (31/110 [28.2%]) developed LAEs during the following 24 (12–47) months. Peak TWA value quantified from 12 leads by 24‐hour ambulatory recordings in patients with LQTS with LAEs (LQTS–LAEs group) was significantly higher than LQTS without LAEs (LQTS–non‐LAEs group) (64.0 [42.0–86.0] μV versus 43.0 [36.0–53.0] μV; P

The changes of inflammation and metabolism are two features in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, how they interact to regulate NASH progression remains largely unknown. Our works have demonstrated the importance of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in inflammation and metabolism. Nevertheless, whether SLC7A11 regulates NASH progression through mediating inflammation and metabolism is unclear. In this study, we found that SLC7A11 expression was increased in liver samples from patients with NASH. Upregulated SLC7A11 level was also detected in two murine NASH models. Functional studies showed that SLC7A11 knockdown or knockout had augmented steatohepatitis with suppression of inflammatory markers in mice. However, overexpression of SLC7A11 dramatically alleviated diet-induced NASH pathogenesis. Mechanically, SLC7A11 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and promoted α-ketoglutarate (αKG)/prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) activity, which activated AMPK pathway. Furthermore, SLC7A11 impaired expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components through AMPK-mitophagy axis. IL-1β release through NLRP3 inflammasome recruited myeloid cells and promoted hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation, which contributed to the progression of liver injury and fibrosis. Anti-IL-1β and anakinra might attenuate the hepatic inflammatory response evoked by SLC7A11 knockdown. Moreover, the upregulation of SLC7A11 in NASH was contributed by lipid overload-induced JNK-c-Jun pathway. In conclusions, SLC7A11 acts as a protective factor in controlling the development of NASH. Upregulation of SLC7A11 is protective by regulating oxidation, αKG and energy metabolism, decreasing inflammation and fibrosis.

Abstract Panax ginseng is an important medicinal plant, and ginsenosides are the main bioactive molecules of ginseng. The TCP (TBI, CYC, PCF) family is a group of transcription factors (TFs) that play an important role in plant growth and development, hormone signalling and synthesis of secondary metabolites. In our study, 78 PgTCP transcripts were identified from the established ginseng transcriptome database. A phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the 67 PgTCP transcripts with complete open reading frames were classified into three subfamilies, including CIN, PCF, and CYC/TB1. Protein structure analysis showed that PgTCP genes had bHLH structures. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that 63 PgTCP genes were localized on 17 of the 24 chromosomes of the Chinese ginseng genome. Expression pattern analysis showed that PgTCP genes differed among different lineages and were spatiotemporally specific. Coexpression network analysis indicated that PgTCP genes were coexpressed and involved in plant activities or metabolic regulation in ginseng. The expression levels of PgTCP genes from class I (PCF) were significantly downregulated, while the expression levels of PgTCP genes from class II (CIN and CYC/TB1) were upregulated, suggesting that TCP genes may be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism in ginseng. As the PgTCP26-02 gene was found to be related to ginsenoside synthesis, its predicted protein structure and expression pattern were further analysed. Our results provide new insights into the origin, differentiation, evolution and function of the PgTCP gene family in ginseng, as well as the regulation of plant secondary metabolism.

Bile acid (BA) receptors (e.g., farnesoid X-activated receptor, muscarinic receptor) are expressed in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating the relevance of BAs to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hydrophobic BAs are cardiotoxic, while hydrophilic BAs are cardioprotective. For example, fetal cardiac insufficiency in maternal intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy, and the degree of fetal cardiac abnormality, is closely related to the level of hydrophobic BAs in maternal blood and infant blood. However, ursodeoxycholic acid (the most hydrophilic BA) can reverse/prevent these detrimental effects of increased levels of hydrophobic BAs on the heart. The gut microbiota (GM) and GM metabolites (especially secondary BAs) have crucial roles in hypertension, atherosclerosis, unstable angina, and heart failure. Herein, we describe the relationship between CVD and the GM at the BA level. We combine the concept of the “microbiota–gut–heart axis” (MGHA) and postulate the role and mechanism of BAs in CVD development. In addition, the strategies for treating CVD with BAs under the MGHA are proposed.

Summary: Chronic inflammation is critical for the initiation and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus via causing both insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. miR-155, highly expressed in macrophages, is a master regulator of chronic inflammation. Here we show that blocking a macrophage-derived exosomal miR-155 (MDE-miR-155) mitigates the insulin resistances and glucose intolerances in high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding and type-2 diabetic db/db mice. Lentivirus-based miR-155 sponge decreases the level of miR-155 in the pancreas and improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) ability of β cells, thus leading to improvements of insulin sensitivities in the liver and adipose tissues. Mechanistically, miR-155 increases its expression in HFD and db/db islets and is released as exosomes by islet-resident macrophages under metabolic stressed conditions. MDE-miR-155 enters β cells and causes defects in GSIS function and insulin biosynthesis via the miR-155-PDX1 axis. Our findings offer a treatment strategy for inflammation-associated diabetes via targeting miR-155.

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) has become a significant obstacle to interventional therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The optimal percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) strategy for patients with coronary ISR remains controversial. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was aimed to compare and estimate the effectiveness of different PCI strategies and commercial devices for the treatment of patients with coronary ISR. Methods: In present study, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from database inception to October 20, 2022, to identify randomized controlled trials. We included studies comparing various PCI strategies for the treatment of any type of coronary ISR. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42022364308. Results: We included 44 eligible trials including 8479 patients, 39 trials comparing the treatment effects of 10 PCIs, and 5 trials comparing the efficacy between different types of drug-eluting stent (DES) or drug-coated balloon (DCB) devices. Among the PCIs, everolimus-eluting stent was the optimal strategy considering target lesion revascularization (TLR), percent diameter stenosis (%DS), and binary restenosis (BR), and sirolimus-coated balloon was the optimal strategy considering late lumen loss (LLL). In the comparison of commercial devices, the combination strategy excimer laser coronary angioplasty plus SeQuent Please paclitaxel-coated balloon showed promising therapeutic prospects. Conclusions: DCB and DES remain the preferred treatment strategies for coronary ISR, considering both the primary clinical outcome (TLR) and the angiographic outcomes (LLL, BR, %DS). Personalized combination interventions including DCB or DES hold promise as a novel potential treatment pattern for coronary ISR.

Background: Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the mainstream way of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) may contributes to the development of AF as an arrhythmogenic substrate. The efficacy of additional left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) beyond PVI is in AF patients remains undefined. This study explored the influence of posterior wall isolation (PWI) on clinical outcomes in AF patients. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of AF with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of all atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT). The safety outcomes were mainly focused on procedural adverse events. Results: A total of 16 studies (7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 prospective studies and 6 retrospective analyses) with 3340 AF patients were enrolled (1550 patients in PVI with PWI group and 1790 in PVI alone group). 12 studies included persistent atrial fibrillation patients, 3 studies with paroxysmal AF patients and 1 study with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF concurrently. Mean follow-up period was 16.56 months. In AF patients, adjunctive PWI obviously reduced the recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias (risk ratio (RR) 0.78 [95% CI 0.64–0.95], I2 = 79%, p = 0.01) and the recurrence of AF (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53–0.88], I2 = 75%, p = 0.004); Meanwhile, additional PWI left no impact substantially on lower recurrence of AFL/AT (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94–1.60], I2 = 49%, p = 0.12). The results seemed to be no significant differences in occurrence rate of procedural complications between the PVI only and PWI+PVI (RR 1.19 [95% CI 0.80–1.79], I2 = 0%, p = 0.39). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of adjunctive PWI compared with PVI only was more distinct in persistent AF group and cryoballoon ablation group. Notably, adjunctive PWI with radiofrequency ablation may induce a slight increase of recurrent AFL/AT compared with PVI only (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.02–2.39], I2 = 30%, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Compared with PVI alone, additional PWI to PVI appeared to be associated with decreased recurrence of AF and atrial arrhythmias without an increased occurrence of procedural complications, especially in persistent AF patients. Cryoballoon ablation seemed more suitable for PWI compared with radiofrequency ablation. More RCTs are needed to verify the conclusion.

Introduction. The impaired proliferative capacity of alveolar epithelial cells after injury is an important factor causing epithelial repair dysfunction, leading to the occurrence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells as the stem cells of alveolar epithelium participate in the repair process after alveolar injury. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) participates in multiple processes regulating the pathological process of alveolar epithelial cells, but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Method. We used a BLM-treated mouse model to characterize the expression of LCN2 in lung fibrosis regions and analyzed the location of LCN2 in alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) were transfected with the LCN2 overexpression plasmid vector in vitro. Recombinant human interleukin-17 (IL-17) protein (rhIL-17) at different concentrations was administered to intervene in HPAEpiCs, observing cell viability and analyzing the concentration-dependent effect of IL-17. Results. LCN2 was increased in the alveolar epithelium post-BLM injury, and highly expressed LCN2 was mainly concentrated on AT2 cells in BLM-injured lungs. Meanwhile, LCN2-overexpressing HPAEpiCs showed impaired cell viability and cell growth. HPAEpiC intervention with rhIL-17 mildly rescued the impaired cell proliferation induced by LCN2 overexpression, and the effect of IL-17 intervention was partially concentration-dependent. Conclusions. The results revealed the reversed effect of IL-17 on the impaired proliferative capacity of the alveolar epithelium induced by LCN2 overexpression. The target alveolar epithelial cells regulated by this process were AT2 cells, providing new clues for alveolar epithelium repair after injury and the treatment of lung injury diseases.

IntroductionIn shallow-water environments, the reliability of underwater communication links is often compromised by significant multipath effects. Some equalization techniques such as decision feedback equalizer, and deep neural network equalizer suffer from slow convergence and high computational complexity.MethodsTo address this challenge, this paper proposes a simplified decision feedback Chebyshev function link neural network equalizer (SDF-CFLNNE). The structure of the SDF-CFLNNE employs Chebyshev polynomial function expansion modules to directly and non-linearly transform the input signals into the output layer, without the inclusion of hidden layers. Additionally, it feeds the decision signal back to the input layer rather than the function expansion module, which significantly reduces computational complexity. Considering that, in the training phase of neural networks, the random initialization of weights and biases can substantially impact the training process and the ultimate performance of the network, this paper proposes a chaotic sparrow search algorithm combining the osprey optimization algorithm and Cauchy mutation (OCCSSA) to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the proposed equalizer. The OCCSSA utilizes the Piecewise chaotic population initialization and combines the exploration strategy of the ospreywith the Cauchy mutation strategy to enhance both global and local search capabilities. RseultsSimulations were conducted using underwater multipath signals generated by the Bellhop Acoustic Toolbox. The results demonstrate that the performance of the SDFCFLNNE initialized by OCCSSA surpasses that of CFLNN-based and traditional nonlinear equalizers, with a notable improvement of 2-6 dB in terms of signal-to-noise ratio at a bit error rate (BER) of 10−4 and a reduced mean square error (MSE). Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed equalizer was validated using the lake experimental data, demonstrating lower BER and MSE with improved stability. DiscussionThis underscores thepromise of employing the SDFCFLNNE initialized by OCCSSA as a promising solution to enhance the robustness of underwater communication in challenging environments.

ObjectivesCognitive impairment has emerged as a major contributing factor to mortality for older adults. Identifying the strong modifiable health metrics against mortality is of high priority, especially in this high-risk population.MethodsThis population-based study used data of US adults aged≥60 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 cycles. De-identified data for participants who completed cognitive function test were extracted. Mortality data was obtained by linking to the 2019 public-use linked mortality file.ResultsParticipants with low global cognition had higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.46; 95%CI, 1.04–2.05). The highest prevalence of ideal level of health metrics was observed for sleep duration (54.36% vs. 62.37%), and the lowest was noted for blood pressure (12.06% vs. 21.25%) for participants with low and average to high global cognition, respectively. Ideal status of physical activity and diet quality were significantly associated with all-cause mortality among participants with low global cognition (HR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.28–0.82; HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.43–0.95). The corresponding population-attributable fractions were 26.58 and 15.90%, respectively.ConclusionLow cognitive function was associated with increased risk of all-cause death for older adults. Attainment of healthy metrics, especially sufficient physical activity, consuming healthy diet and being never smoked, provided strong protection against death risk.

Background: Mildly elevated levels of transaminase and/or immunoglobulin G (IgG) are common in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). It is still unclear whether adding immunosuppressive therapy to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) benefits those patients who are not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of PBC with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) features. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of adding immunosuppressive therapy to UDCA for patients with PBC and autoimmune phenomena but not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of PBC with AIH features. Design: This is a retrospective–prospective cohort study in a tertiary medical center. Methods: Patients with PBC and autoimmune phenomena were defined by the elevation of IgG and/or transaminase but did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of PBC with AIH features. We grouped these patients based on with and without add-on immunosuppressive therapy and balanced their baseline characteristics using inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: A total of 652 patients with PBC and autoimmune phenomena were included, with a median follow-up of 4.08 years. After IPTW, the pseudo sample size in the add-on therapy and monotherapy groups was 558 and 655, respectively. After 1 year of observation, patients in the add-on therapy group had a higher biochemical response rate (normalization of transaminase and IgG levels) (49% versus 17%, p

Abstract Background It is important to understand how the perception of death affects the competence to cope with death. Objectives To explore whether the perception of death has an indirect effect on competence to cope with death through the mediation of attitude toward death and meaning of life. Methods A total of 786 nurses from Hunan Province, China, selected by random sampling method and asked to complete an online electronic questionnaire between October and November 2021 were included in the study. Results The nurses’ scored 125.39 ± 23.88 on the competence to cope with death. There was a positive correlation among perception of death, competence to cope with death, the meaning of life, and attitude toward death. There were three mediating pathways: the separate mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life, and the chain mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life. Conclusion The nurses’ competence to cope with death was moderate. Perception of death could indirectly and positively predict nurses’ competence to cope with death by enhancing natural acceptance or sense of meaning in life. In addition, perception of death could improve natural acceptance and then enhance the sense of meaning in life to positively predict nurses’ competence to cope with death.

Coronary microembolization (CME) occurs in patients with acute coronary syndrome and is caused primarily by atherosclerotic plaque rupture associated with surgery. CME can lead to arrhythmias, decreased coronary blood flow reserve, and cardiac systolic dysfunction. The clinical efficacy of conventional coronary artery dilation, antiplatelet agents, and direct thrombus aspiration after CME is not satisfactory. Studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) specifically bind the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of inflammatory response-, apoptosis-, and autophagy-related mRNAs, and ultimately affect CME prognosis. In-depth studies of the roles of miRNAs in CME occurrence and development would not only advance understanding of the mechanisms underlying poor prognosis after CME but also aid in identifying new targets for drug treatment. Here, we review the regulatory effects of miRNAs on myocardial cell injury after CME in terms of the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy. Overall, changes in miRNA levels after CME decrease myocardial autophagy and worsen cardiac prognosis. Current evidence suggests a potential strategic pathway for therapeutic intervention in CME management.

BackgroundIvabradine improves cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but its effect on dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the efficacy and potential mechanisms of ivabradine's effect on cardiac function and prognosis in patients with DCM.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and four registers through September 28, 2022. All controlled trials of ivabradine for the treatment of DCM with congestive heart failure were included. Articles were limited to English, with the full text and necessary data available. We performed random- or fixed effects meta-analyses for all included outcome measures and compared the effect sizes for outcomes in patients treated with and without ivabradine. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB2.0).FindingsFive trials with 357 participants were included. The pooled risk ratio was 0.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.18, 1.25)] for all-cause mortality and 0.38 [95% CI (0.12, 1.23)] for cardiac mortality. The pooled mean difference was −15.95 [95% CI (−19.97, −11.92)] for resting heart rate, 3.96 [95% CI (0.99, 6.93)] for systolic blood pressure, 2.93 [95% CI (2.09, 3.77)] for left ventricular ejection fraction, −5.90 [95% CI (−9.36, −2.44)] for left ventricular end-systolic diameter, −3.41 [95% CI (−5.24, −1.58)] for left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, −0.81 [95% CI (−1.00, −0.62)] for left ventricular end-systolic volume, −0.67 [95% CI (−0.86, −0.48)] for left ventricular end-diastolic volume, −11.01 [95% CI (−19.66, −2.35)] for Minnesota Living with Heart Failure score, and −0.52 [95% CI (−0.73, −0.31)] for New York Heart Association class.InterpretationIvabradine reduces heart rate and ventricular volume, and improves cardiac function in patients with DCM, but showed no significant effect on the prognosis of patients.

Abstract Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is an important pathogenic event in acute kidney injury (AKI). GCN5L1 is a specific acetyltransferase in mitochondria, which regulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. However, the role of GCN5L1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of ischemic AKI are not fully understood. Methods The protein level of GCN5L1 was detected by western blot assay. Acetylated proteomics was used to explore the level of acetylated TFAM. Duolink proximity ligation assay and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the interaction of TFAM and translocase of outer membrane 70 (TOM70). mtDNA copy number, the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, the number and morphology of mitochondria were measured. The renal injury of AKI mice was reflected by the levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen and the pathological changes of renal tissue. Results We showed that GCN5L1 was highly expressed in vivo and in vitro and renal tubules specific knockdown of GCN5L1 could effectively attenuate AKI-induced mitochondrial impairment. Besides, acetylated proteomics revealed that acetylated TFAM was significantly upregulated in AKI mice kidney, which reminded us that TFAM might be an acetylating substrate of GCN5L1. Mechanistically, we evidenced that GCN5L1 could acetylate TFAM at its K76 site and subsequently inhibited its binding to TOM70, thereby reducing TFAM import into mitochondria and mitochondrial biogenesis. Clinically, GCN5L1 and acetylated TFAM were positively correlated with disease severity (all p

Abstract Background Cardiac function varies in different ways in ischemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of cardiac function on cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in IHD with different coronary stenoses. Methods Totally 614 patients with IHD were divided into non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) (stenosis 90%) according to the coronary angiography. And 101 healthy volunteers as controls. All participants performed CPET to assess cardiac function by oxygen uptake (VO2), estimated cardiac output (CO), and heart rate (HR). Results Generally, the values of VO2, CO, and HR in IHD were significantly lower than in healthy volunteers. Among 289 NOCAD, 132 OCAD, and 193 severe OCAD, significantly decreased values of VO2, CO, HR were observed (VO2 peak: 16.01 ± 4.11 vs. 15.66 ± 4.14 vs. 13.33 ± 3.4 mL/min/kg; CO: 6.96 ± 2.34 vs. 6.87 ± 2.37 vs. 6.05 ± 1.79 L/min; HR: 126.44 ± 20.53 vs. 115.15 ± 18.78 vs. 109.07 ± 16.23 bpm, P

Abstract Anti‐mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) are highly specific for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) but are also occasionally found in other diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the incidence of and predictors for PBC development in AMA‐positive patients with other liver or non‐liver diseases at baseline. In this retrospective study, we screened patients who tested positive for AMA and/or anti‐mitochondrial M2 antibody (AMA‐M2) at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October 2005 to January 2017. They were categorized by their diagnosis at the baseline as patients with PBC or non‐PBC cases. We followed up on the non‐PBC cases through telephone interviews and reviewing of medical records to obtain laboratory results and clinical outcomes. In total, 139 patients were AMA‐positive but did not fulfill the diagnostic criteria of PBC at baseline, including 51 patients with non‐PBC liver diseases and 88 cases with non‐liver diseases. The titers of AMA‐M2, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, and immunoglobulin M were significantly higher in patients with PBC compared to those with non‐PBC liver diseases and non‐liver diseases. After a median follow‐up of 4.6 (interquartile range: 2.4–7.6) years, 4.3% (6 of 139) developed PBC, with an accumulative 5‐year incidence rate of 4.2%. None of the patients with non‐PBC liver diseases developed PBC, whereas the 5‐year incidence rate of PBC was 7.8% among 88 patients with non‐liver diseases. Lower alanine aminotransferase and higher immunoglobulin M were independent predictors for developing PBC. Conclusion: Our results suggest a low risk of developing PBC over time in AMA‐positive patients with other liver and non‐liver diseases.

Abstract Background Mitochondria play central roles in metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, how mitochondria regulate NASH progression remains largely unknown. Our previous findings demonstrate that mitochondrial general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1) is associated with mitochondrial metabolism. Nevertheless, the roles of GCN5L1 in NASH are unclear. Aims and methods The GCN5L1 expression was detected in the fatty livers of NASH patients and animals. Hepatocyte‐specific GCN5L1 deficiency or overexpression mice were used to induce NASH models by feeding with a high‐fat/high‐cholesterol or methionine‐choline deficient diet. The molecular mechanisms underlying GCN5L1‐regulated NASH were further explored and verified in mice. Results and conclusions GCN5L1 expression was increased in NASH patients. Upregulated GCN5L1 level was also illustrated in NASH mice. Mice with hepatocyte‐specific GCN5L1 conditional knockout improved the inflammatory response compared to GCN5L1flox/flox mice. However, overexpression of mitochondrial GCN5L1 augmented the inflammatory response. Mechanically, GCN5L1 acetylated CypD and enhanced its binding with ATP5B, which induced the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores and the release of mitochondrial ROS into the cytoplasm. The increased ROS promoted ferroptosis of hepatocytes and induced accumulation of high mobility group box 1 in the microenvironment, which recruited neutrophils and induced the generation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs block impaired GCN5L1‐induced NASH progression. Furthermore, the upregulation of GCN5L1 in NASH was contributed by lipid overload‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, mitochondrial GCN5L1 has a vital function in promoting NASH progression by regulating oxidative metabolism and the hepatic inflammatory microenvironment. Thus, GCN5L1 might be a potential intervention target in NASH treatment.

Abstract Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) stand out among many monovalent/multivalent metal‐ion batteries as promising new energy storage devices because of their good safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, there are still many great challenges to exploring new‐type cathode materials that are suitable for Zn2+ intercalation. Vanadium‐based compounds with various structures, large layer spacing, and different oxidation states are considered suitable cathode candidates for AZIBs. Herein, the research advances in vanadium‐based compounds in recent years are systematically reviewed. The preparation methods, crystal structures, electrochemical performances, and energy storage mechanisms of vanadium‐based compounds (e.g., vanadium phosphates, vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium sulfides, and vanadium nitrides) are mainly introduced. Finally, the limitations and development prospects of vanadium‐based compounds are pointed out. Vanadium‐based compounds as cathode materials for AZIBs are hoped to flourish in the coming years and attract more and more researchers' attention.

Abstract The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) has been a very attractive research area that has received widespread attention in the modern world. SSEs can be divided into different types, some of which can be combined with MOFs to improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries by taking advantage of the high surface area and high porosity of MOFs. However, it also faces many serious problems and challenges. In this review, different types of SSEs are classified and the changes in these electrolytes after the addition of MOFs are described. Afterward, these SSEs with MOFs attached are introduced for different types of battery applications and the effects of these SSEs combined with MOFs on the electrochemical performance of the cells are described. Finally, some challenges faced by MOFs materials in batteries applications are presented, then some solutions to the problems and development expectations of MOFs are given.

Background: The purpose of our study was to assess whether the occurrence of ISR might be associated with plasma TMAO levels in patients with ACS after DES implantation. Methods: This was a single center retrospective case-control study, in which 64 symptomatic patients with repeated coronary angiography after PCI and 15 patients with ISR were included in the ISR group, and 49 patients without ISR were included in the non-ISR group. High-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure plasma TMAO levels. Results: No significant differences were observed in plasma TMAO between the ISR and non-ISR groups. Plasma TMAO levels showed no significant correlation with ISR, but were significantly positively correlated with diabetes mellitus, serum HbA1c levels and serum creatinine levels; moreover, they were significantly negatively correlated with female sex. ISR was significantly positively correlated with diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose levels, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and syntax score; in addition, it was significantly negatively correlated with platelets. Logistic regression analysis indicated that fasting blood glucose was the only independent predictor of ISR. Conclusion: Plasma TMAO may not be associated with ISR and plaque burden in patients with ACS after DES implantation, whereas FBG may predict the development of ISR in these patients.

The 44 years (1979–2022) of satellite-derived sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic reveals the details and new trends in the process of polar sea ice coverage changes. The speed of Arctic sea ice extent reduction and the interannual difference significantly increased after 2004. Trend analysis suggests that the Arctic Ocean may experience an ice-free period around 2060. The maximum anomaly of Arctic sea ice extent has gradually transitioned from September to October, indicating a trend of prolonged melting period. The center of gravity of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean is biased towards the Pacific side, and the spatial distribution pattern of sea ice is greatly influenced by the Atlantic warm current. The dynamism of the sea ice extent on the Atlantic side is significantly greater than in other regions. Since 2014, the Antarctic sea ice extent has shifted from slow growth to a rapid decreasing trend; the sea ice extent reached a historical minimum in 2022, decreasing by 2.02 × 106 km2 compared to 2014. The Antarctic experiences seven months of ice growth each year and five months of ice melting period, the annual change patterns of sea ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic are slightly different.

Comparing satellite retrieval with high-precision ground observations is an essential component for the validation of CO2 satellite products. The initial stage of assessing the bias in retrieval products from satellite and ground sources involves establishing a geographical connection between observations that are temporally and spatially proximate. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of variations in neighborhood definitions and colocation methods on the assessment of satellite products and provide quantitative references. To achieve this, a series of experiments were conducted involving the Global Total Column Carbon Observation Network (TCCON) and the OCO-2 satellite. Various spatial-temporal neighborhoods and colocation methods were considered in these experiments. The results indicate that spatial neighborhoods exert a more substantial influence on bias compared to temporal neighborhoods. In the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, there is an observed linear increase trend between the difference of OCO-2 and TCCON observations and the spatial neighborhood, with an average increase of 0.32 ppm as the neighborhood size changes from 1° to 10°. Regarding colocation methods, the simple spatiotemporal geographic constraints tend to overlook changes in the atmospheric state to a certain extent. The target geographic constraint method reduces the bias by 2% to 5% by increasing the proportion of OCO-2 observations targeting TCCON while the method of introducing T700 potential temperature reduces by 2% to 13% by screening the gradient of CO2 concentration change. Moreover, an evident correlation exists between the bias and their corresponding latitudes, with a 0.20 ppm increase in bias observed for every 10° increment in latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The bias of TCCON and OCO-2 shows a pronounced seasonal regularity, with the highest in summer. The study also discusses the selection of spatiotemporal matching with low satellite coverage, the bias distribution, and the attribution of bias to the natural wind field.

The vegetation cover of forests and grasslands in mountain regions plays a crucial role in regulating climate at both regional and global scales. Thus, it is necessary to develop accurate methods for estimating and monitoring fractional vegetation cover (FVC) in mountain areas. However, the complex topographic and climate factors pose significant challenges to accurately estimating the FVC of mountain forests and grassland. Existing remote sensing products, FVC retrieval methods, and FVC samples may fail to meet the required accuracy standards. In this study, we propose a method based on spatio-temporal transfer learning for the retrieval of FVC in mountain forests and grasslands, using the mountain region of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, as the study area. The method combines simulated FVC samples, Sentinel-2 images, and mountain topographic factor data to pre-train LSTM and 1DCNN models and subsequently transfer the models to HJ-2A/B remote sensing images. The results of the study indicated the following: (1) The FVC samples generated by the proposed method (R2 = 0.7536, RMSE = 0.0596) are more accurate than those generated by the dichotomy method (R2 = 0.4997, RMSE = 0.1060) based on validation with ground truth data. (2) The LSTM model performed better than the 1DCNN model: the average R2 of the two models was 0.9275 and 0.8955; the average RMSE was 0.0653 and 0.0735. (3) Topographic features have a significant impact on FVC retrieval results, particularly in relatively high-altitude mountain regions (DEM > 3000 m) or non-growing seasons (May and October). Therefore, the proposed method has better potential in FVC fine spatio-temporal retrieval of high-resolution mountainous remote sensing images.

Total Suspended Matter is the core parameter of water color remote sensing and the important indicator for water quality evaluation of lakes. Rapid and high-precision monitoring of TSM is an important guarantee for water quality remote-sensing applications. China has launched many broad-bandwidth remote sensing satellites, all of which have similar bandwidth. The coordinated observation of multiple satellites can effectively meet the large-scale and high-frequency dynamic monitoring requirements of TSM concentration in lakes. This study proposed a machine-learning model to retrieve the TSM concentration from broad bandwidth satellites. The reliability and accuracy of various retrieve models (i.e., linear regression model, support vector regression model, random forest model, and back propagation neural networks model) were evaluated through the in-situ datasets of TSM concentration in lakes. The RF model was selected as the retrieved model of TSM concentration using broad bandwidth satellites. The results showed that 1) Compared with four machine learning models, the RF model can provide better performance (R2=0.88, Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) = 22.5%). Similarly, compared with the documented six TSM retrieve model, the RF retrieve model also has substantial advantages. 2) the Forel-Ule Index (FUI) can effectively enhance the precision and accuracy of the TSM retrieve model. 3) The RF model has good generalization ability and accuracy in the validation datasets (Lake Chagan: MAPE = 3.7%, Lake Changdang: MAPE = 4.3%). 4) The RF model was applied to the broad bandwidth satellites retrieve of TSM concentrations in Lake Bosten, Lake Chagan, and Lake Changdang, and the MAPEs were 5.3%, 8.1%, and 12.1%, respectively. This study showed that the RF model could effectively improve the retrieve performance and generalization ability of the broad bandwidth satellite’s TSM concentration, which meets the accuracy requirements of high-frequency dynamic monitoring of TSM concentration.

IntroductionAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) infection is one of the most complex and fatal hemorrhagic viral diseases, causing a devastating loss to the swine industry. Since no effective vaccine is available, prevention and control of ASFV heavily depends on early diagnostic detection.MethodsIn this study, a novel indirect ELISA was established for detecting antibodies against ASFV using dual-proteins, p22 and p30. Recombinants p22 and p30 were expressed and purified from E.coli vector system by recombined plasmids pET-KP177R and pET-CP204L. p22 and p30 were mixed as antigens for developing the indirect ELISA.ResultsThrough optimizing coating concentrations of p30 and p22, coating ratio (p30: p22 = 1:3), and serum dilution (as 1:600), the established ELISA performed higher specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability against ASFV-positive serum. Furthermore, 184 clinical serum samples from suspected diseased pigs were verified the established ELISA in clinical diagnosis. The results showed that compared with two commercial ELISA kits, the established ELISA possessed higher sensitivity and almost uniform coincidence rate.ConclusionThe novel indirect ELISA based on dual-proteins p30 and p22 performed a valuable role in diagnostic detection of ASFV, providing a broad insight into serological diagnostic methods of ASFV.

Recently, many robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) algorithms have been proposed to improve beamforming performance when model mismatches occur. For a uniform linear array, a larger aperture array can obtain higher array gain for beamforming when the inter-sensor spacing is fixed. However, only the small aperture array can be used in the equipment limited by platform installation space, significantly weakening beamforming output performance. This paper proposes two beamforming methods for improving beamforming output in small aperture sensor arrays. The first method employs an integration algorithm that combines angular sector and gradient vector search to reconstruct the interference covariance matrix (ICM). Then, the interference-plus-noise covariance matrix (INCM) is reconstructed combined with the estimated noise power. The INCM and ICM are used to optimize the desired signal steering vector (SV) by solving a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. The second method proposes a beamforming algorithm based on a virtual extended array to increase the degree of freedom of the beamformer. First, the virtual conjugated array element is designed based on the structural characteristics of a uniform linear array, and received data at the virtual array element are obtained using a linear prediction method. Then, the extended INCM is reconstructed, and the desired signal SV is optimized using an algorithm similar to the actual array. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods under different conditions.

IntroductionCardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) provides the means to evaluate the cardiopulmonary function and guide cardiac rehabilitation. The performance of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients at different times is different on CPET.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed as AMI in stable status were included and performed the low- level CPET (RAMP 10W). CPET variables at different times were compared among four groups.ResultsSixty and one patients with AMI conducted the low-level CPET from 3 to 15 days after AMI. Patients were stratified according to quartiles of CPET's time: 5 in 3–6 days group, 34 in 7–9 days group, 14 in 10–12 days group, 8 in 13–15 days group. Only VO2/HR at rest showed statistically different among the four groups.VO2/HR at rest in 3–6 days group and 10–12 days group were higher than in 13–15 days group (3.4 ± 0.85, 3.18 ± 0.78 vs. 2.50 ± 0.49 ml/beat, p < 0.05). Patients with complete revascularization had higher peak heart rate and blood pressure product and peak breathing reserve (BR), and lower Borg score compared with incomplete revascularization. And patients with LVEF >50% had higher peak BR compared with LVEF 40–50%.ConclusionIt was safe and efficient to conduct the low-level CPET in stable AMI patients 3 days after onset. Time was not an effector on cardiopulmonary function and exercise capacity and prognosis in AMI during CPET. Complete revascularization and normal LVEF should be good for exercise test in AMI.

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an effective tool for reagent-free qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of water parameters. Suspended particles in water cause turbidity that interferes with the ultraviolet-visible spectrum and ultimately affects the accuracy of water parameter calculations. This paper proposes a deep learning method to compensate for turbidity interference and obtain water parameters using a partial least squares regression approach. Compared with orthogonal signal correction and extended multiplicative signal correction methods, the deep learning method specifically utilizes an accurate one-dimensional U-shape neural network (1D U-Net) and represents the first method enabling turbidity compensation in sampling real river water of agricultural catchments. After turbidity compensation, the R2 between the predicted and true values increased from 0.918 to 0.965, and the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) value decreased from 0.526 to 0.343 mg. Experimental analyses showed that the 1D U-Net is suitable for turbidity compensation and provides accurate results.

Interstitial cystitis is associated with neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic bladder pain. Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) expressed in sensory neurons is implicated in neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that neuronal DLK is involved in the regulation of inflammation and nociceptive behavior in cystitis. Mice deficient in DLK in sensory neurons (cKO) were generated by crossing DLK floxed mice with mice expressing Cre recombinase under Advillin promoter. Cystitis was induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration in mice. Nociceptive behavior, bladder inflammation, and pathology were assessed following cystitis induction in control and cKO mice. The role of DLK in CYP-induced cystitis was further determined by pharmacological inhibition of DLK with GNE-3511. Deletion of neuronal DLK attenuated CYP-induced pain-like nociceptive behavior and suppressed histamine release from mast cells, neuronal activation in the spinal cord, and bladder pathology. Mice deficient in neuronal DLK also showed reduced inflammation induced by CYP and reduced c-Jun activation in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Pharmacological inhibition of DLK with GNE-3511 recapitulated the effects of neuronal DLK depletion in CYP treatment mice. Our study suggests that DLK is a potential target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and bladder pathology associated with cystitis.

Summary: Complex traits such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the results of complicated processes jointly affected by genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified genetic variants associated with diseases but usually did not reveal the underlying mechanisms. There could be many intermediate steps at epigenetic, transcriptomic, and cellular scales inside the black box of genotype-phenotype associations. In this article, we present a machine-learning-based cross-scale framework GRPath to decipher putative causal paths (pcPaths) from genetic variants to disease phenotypes by integrating multiple omics data. Applying GRPath on CVD, we identified 646 and 549 pcPaths linking putative causal regions, variants, and gene expressions in specific cell types for two types of heart failure, respectively. The findings suggest new understandings of coronary heart disease. Our work promoted the modeling of tissue- and cell type-specific cross-scale regulation to uncover mechanisms behind disease-associated variants, and provided new findings on the molecular mechanisms of CVD.

Skene’s gland is homologous to the male prostate and can secrete prostate fluid. However, Skene’s gland carcinoma is extremely rare, with only 20 cases reported in the literature thus far. We report the first case of adenosquamous carcinoma of Skene’s gland. The patient was a 54-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital due to vaginal bleeding and a vaginal mass, accompanied by multiple lymph nodes and vulvar metastases. She had a history of dysuria and episodic hematuria for 2 years. Contrast-enhanced pelvic MRI showed a mass in the right labia majora and swelling of the right inguinal lymph nodes. In addition, a mass in the anterior vaginal wall surrounded the urethra and grew in a semi-encircled manner. After receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, MRI revealed that the mass surrounding the urethra had shrunk, and the nodular shadow of the right labia majora was larger than before. The patient underwent elective surgery. Surgical pathology showed adenosquamous carcinoma, and immunohistochemistry suggested intestinal differentiation. Forty-six days after surgery, the patient subsequently died of tumor consumption and organ insufficiency due to cerebral infarction, recurrence, and multiple metastases. This paper describes the clinical, radiological, and histopathologic features as well as the prognosis of the rare disease adenosquamous carcinoma of Skene’s gland. In addition, we briefly review the published literature.

It is arduous to determine clinical solutions for Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) in patients intolerant of β-blocker. Here, we present the case of a 7-year-old boy with periodic paralysis and dysmorphic features who experienced syncope four times during exercise. His ECG revealed enlarged U waves and QU-prolongation associated with ATS-specific U wave patterns, frequent PVCs, and non-sustained bidirectional or polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. The genetic test showed a de novo missense R218W mutation of KCNJ2. With the diagnosis of ATS and intolerance of β-blocker, the patient was prescribed oral medications of mexiletine 450 mg/day without severe adverse effects. The repeat ECG showed decreased PVC burden from 38 to 3% and absence of ventricular tachycardia. He remained symptom-free during over 2 years of outpatient follow-up. This case demonstrates a new anti-arrhythmic therapy with mexiletine for prevention of life-threatening cardiac events in patients with ATS who are intolerant of β-blocker treatment.

BackgroundThe optimal criteria for sarcopenia in the older Chinese population have not been defined. Consequently, this study aims to determine the optimal cutoffs of grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and gait speed, comprising the best definition of sarcopenia for older Chinese populations.MethodsA total of 2,821 (1,398 men and 1,423 women) community-dwelling older people (≥60 years) and 409 (205 men and 204 women) young healthy adults (25–34 years) were recruited from three big cities in China. Besides gait speed and grip strength, we examined ASMI by BIA and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), comprising the three components of sarcopenia. DXA classification for low ASMI, 20th percentile among older adults in the study sample, was found to be best compared with the other existing classification, 1 SD and 2 SD below the mean for the young population, and was used as the gold standard to determine the optimal cutoffs of BIA using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC). The cutoffs of handgrip strength and gait speed were determined following the same rule.ResultsUsing gender-specific 20th percentiles of DXA (6.53 kg/m2 for men and 5.40 kg/m2 for women), the cutoffs 7.05 kg/m2 for men and 5.85 kg/m2 for women were determined as optimal cutoffs of BIA by achieving the largest sensitivity (0.81, 95% CI: 0.63–0.93 for men and 0.90, 95% CI: 0.73–0.98 for women) and specificity greater than 0.80 (0.80, 95% CI: 0.72–0.87 for men and 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72–0.87 for women) in the ROC analysis. The 28.5 kg and 1.05 m/s for men and 18.6 kg and 1.01 m/s for women were determined as the cutoffs for handgrip strength and gait speed, respectively. Based on the derived cutoffs, 14.2% of men and 15.7% of women in the older Chinese study population were classified as sarcopenia.ConclusionNotably, 7.05 kg/m2, 28.5 kg, and 1.05 m/s for men and 5.85 kg/m2, 18.6 kg, and 1.01 m/s for women were selected as the optimal cutoffs for low ASMI by BIA, handgrip strength, and gait speed, respectively. These optimal cutoffs will enhance practicability for screening sarcopenia in primary care and clinical settings.

GaoFen-4 (GF-4) infrared spectrum (IRS) camera has a special spectral band located in the mid-wave infrared spectrum with the wavelength ranging from 3.50 to 4.10 μm. It is very important for forest fire-detection and other quantitative remote sensing applications at a high spatial resolution of 400 m. Due to the similarity of the spectral characteristics, the thermal emissive band 20 (3.660–3.840 μm) and 22 (3.929–3.989 μm) of medium resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) are taken as the reference bands for the radiometric cross-calibration of the GF-4/IRS camera. The time difference between selected GF-4/IRS and MODIS images at the Qinghai Lake and Se lincuo Lake test sites is less than one hour. After spatial matching, single-band and dual-band spectral matching methods are proposed in this article. Then, the DN value of GF-4 image is linearly fitted to the radiance of the corresponding MODIS image to obtain the radiometric calibration coefficients of GF-4/IRS camera. The validation results show that the cross-calibration coefficients calculated by integrating the measurement of two MODIS bands with the mean value spectral matching approach has the highest radiometric calibration consistency with the official calibration coefficients.

Obtaining field sea ice data is crucial for the validation and improvement of satellite data and numerical models. During the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, seven field observations covering the whole area were conducted in Nella Fjord, and large amounts of in situ sea ice and snow thickness data were acquired. Then, the influences of snow cover, topography, and air temperature on the sea ice growth rate were examined. Based on the relationship between the sea ice growth rate and air temperature, an empirical model of sea ice thickness was developed. The results show that sea ice started to freeze in early March, and the peak growth rate was reached in mid-June, with a mean growth rate of 0.62 cm/d. Between mid-June and mid-October, the mean growth rate was 0.36–0.4 cm/d; between mid-October and mid-November, the mean growth rate decreased to 0.15 cm/d. After mid-November, ice growth stopped, and the ice thickness decreased. The growth rate and thickness of sea ice near the shore were generally greater than those closer to the center of the fjord, with differences of 0.25 cm/d in mean growth rate and 7.16 cm in mean thickness. Because of the large exchanges of heat between the atmosphere and the ocean, the sea ice thickness increased rapidly during the early stage of freeze-up. When the air temperature was between -12 and −15°C, the ice growth rate was between 0.36 and 0.4 cm/d. However, when the ice thickness reached 0.5 m, the sea ice growth rate became less sensitive to air temperature. In addition, we found that the proposed model has high simulation accuracy for the growth rate of sea ice. Based on the model, we estimated that the growth rates become zero at an air temperature of approximately −4°C. Our study highlights the inverse relationship between the sea ice growth rate and the snow thickness and the fact that the sea ice thickness is mainly affected by air temperature.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of noncoding single-stranded RNAs that differ from linear microRNAs (miRNAs), since they form covalently closed loop structures without free 3′ poly(A) tails or 5′ caps. circRNAs are the competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by binding to miRNA through miRNA response elements (MREs) (i.e., “miRNA sponge”), thereby reducing the quantity of miRNA available to target mRNA, subsequently promoting mRNA stability or protein expression, which involves the initiation and progress of human diseases. Owing to these features of abundance, stability, conservative property, and tissue and stage specificity, widely distributing in the extracellular space and in various bodily fluids, circRNAs can be considered as potential biomarkers for various diseases. Here, we reviewed the promising circRNAs being disease biomarkers, focused on their regulatory function by acting as miRNA sponges, and described their roles in cancer, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and other human aging-related diseases, which provide a new direction for pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of human aging-related diseases.

Pregnancy with pulmonary hypertension (PH) seriously threatens the life and safety of mothers and infants. Here, the long-term effect of maternal PH on the postpartum growth of rat offspring was focused for the first time, as well as explored the role of Myadm in PH rats before pregnancy based upon the previous findings. Patients with PH are prone to hypoxemia, leading to insufficient placental structure and function, which affects the organ function of fetuses, followed by evidence that differently expressed genes (DEGs) existed in the heart of maternal PH newborn rats and enriched in pathways related to cardiac and nerve development on human infants with similar birth outcome: low birth weight (LBW). LBW was one of the possible birth outcomes of pregnancy with PH, especially severe PH, accompanied by evidence that offspring derived from mothers with PH presented lower birth weights and slower growth rates than those derived from normal control mothers in a rat model. Besides, maternal PH rat offspring showed cardiac remodeling and a significant elevation of the expression levels of hypoxia- and inflammation-related markers in the cerebral cortex at both 10 and 14 weeks of age, respectively. What is more, the previous studies found that the overexpression of Myadm could result in the remodeling of the pulmonary artery. And targeting Myadm to intervene PH before pregnancy could alleviate sustained low weight growth in maternal PH rat offspring, and the pathological changes of the cardiac–cerebral system caused by maternal PH, including enlarged right heart cavity, loss of cardiomyocytes, abnormal heart index, as well as cerebral cortex hypoxia and the inflammatory state as they grew up to a certain extent. The findings show the pathological significance of maternal PH on offspring growth and the cardiac–cerebral development in a rat model, as well as point out the potential treatment target, which may provide a further reference for pregnancy outcomes in women with PH and healthy development of offspring to some extent.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a quantitative analysis to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on mood disorders, sleep, fatigue, and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in Parkinson's Disease (PD).Methods: We searched for randomized controlled trials in three electronic databases. Fourteen studies, including 507 patients with PD, met the inclusion criteria. We determined the pooled efficacy by standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals, using I2 to reveal heterogeneity.Results: The result showed CBT had a significant effect on depression [−0.93 (95%CI, −1.19 to −0.67, P < 0.001)] and anxiety [−0.76 (95%CI, −0.97 to −0.55, P < 0.001)]. Moderate effect sizes were noted with sleep disorders [−0.45 (95% CI, −0.70 to −0.20, P = 0.0004)]. There was no evident impact of CBT on fatigue or QOL. We found an intervention period >8 weeks was advantageous compared with

Objective: Depression is a common disorder with a high recurrence rate. Since the effect of sleep deprivation on depression in existing studies were inconsistent, the present study aimed to reassess the effects of SD on patients by performing a meta-analysis of updated research.Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles before January 20th, 2021. Data on participant characteristics, SD characteristics, adjunctive method and tests for depression were extracted. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to assess the effect of SD on depression and subgroup analysis was used to determine the sources of heterogeneity.Results: In total, 8 articles were included. An SD time of

Abstract Background Several ECG criteria have been widely used for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in clinical practice. However, their performance in a general Chinese population is limited. Methods and results A multi‐stage, stratified cluster sampling across China was performed and 7415 representative Chinese adults aged 18–85 years were analyzed. ECG was collected by using GE MAC 5500 machine. The association between five ECG‐LVH criteria (i.e., Peguero–Lo Presti, Cornell, Cornell product, Sokolow–Lyon and Sokolow–Lyon product) and echocardiographic LVH (Echo‐LVH) was assessed by Pearson's correlation, diagnostic statistics like predictive values, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. We found that the prevalence of the Echo‐LVH was 11% while ECG‐LVH ranged from 3% to 27%. All ECG‐LVH criteria had high negative predictive value (NPV) (89%) and specificity (73–96%) but low positive predictive value (PPV) (12–24%) and sensitivity (4–29%). The newly Peguero–Lo Presti criteria had higher sensitivity (29%) but lower specificity (73%) and accuracy (68%) compared with other criteria. Cornell product had the best diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.59), as well as the highest specificity (96%) and accuracy (86%) but lowest sensitivity (4%). Among single‐lead components of ECG criteria, RaVL voltage and QRS duration performed relatively better than others. Hypertensive and older individuals had higher sensitivity but lower specificity and accuracy than their counterparts. Conclusion ECG‐LVH criteria had high NPV to detect Echo‐LVH. Though with higher sensitivity, Peguero–Lo Presti criteria did not have better diagnostic performance to detect Echo‐LVH. RaVL and QRS duration had stronger association with Echo‐LVH among all single‐lead components.

Significance: Heart failure, a disease with extremely high incidence, is closely associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of heart failure. Recent advances: Previous studies have shown that TLR4/NF-κB causes heart failure by inducing oxidative stress and inflammation; damaging the endothelia; promoting fibrosis; and inducing myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Critical issues: Understanding the pathogenesis of heart failure is essential for the treatment of this disease. In this review, we outline the mechanisms underlying TLR4/NF-κB pathway-mediated heart failure and discuss drugs that alleviate heart failure by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Future directions: During TLR4/NF-κB overactivation, interventions targeting specific receptor antagonists may effectively alleviate heart failure, thus providing a basis for the development of new anti-heart failure drugs.