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1. Aalto-1, multi-payload CubeSat: design, integration and launch

Author

Praks, J., Mughal, M. Rizwan, Vainio, R., Janhunen, P., Envall, J., Oleynik, P., Näsilä, A., Leppinen, H., Niemelä, P., Slavinskis, A., Gieseler, J., Toivanen, P., Tikka, T., Peltola, T., Bosser, A., Schwarzkopf, G., Jovanovic, N., Riwanto, B., Kestilä, A., Punkkinen, A., Punkkinen, R., Hedman, H. -P., Säntti, T., Lill, J. -O., Slotte, J. M. K., Kettunen, H., and Virtanen, A.

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The design, integration, testing, and launch of the first Finnish satellite Aalto-1 is briefly presented in this paper. Aalto-1, a three-unit CubeSat, launched into Sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of approximately 500 km, is operational since June 2017. It carries three experimental payloads: Aalto Spectral Imager (AaSI), Radiation Monitor (RADMON), and Electrostatic Plasma Brake (EPB). AaSI is a hyperspectral imager in visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelength bands, RADMON is an energetic particle detector and EPB is a de-orbiting technology demonstration payload. The platform was designed to accommodate multiple payloads while ensuring sufficient data, power, radio, mechanical and electrical interfaces. The design strategy of platform and payload subsystems consists of in-house development and commercial subsystems. The CubeSat Assembly, Integration & Test (AIT) followed Flatsat -- Engineering-Qualification Model (EQM) -- Flight Model (FM) model philosophy for qualification and acceptance. The paper briefly describes the design approach of platform and payload subsystems, their integration and test campaigns, and spacecraft launch. The paper also describes the ground segment & services that were developed by the Aalto-1 team., Comment: 41 pages, 16 figures, accepted to Acta Astronautica, 2021

Published
2021
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2. Aalto-1, multi-payload CubeSat: In-orbit results and lessons learned

Author

Mughal, M. R., Praks, J., Vainio, R., Janhunen, P., Envall, J., Näsilä, A., Oleynik, P., Niemelä, P., Slavinskis, A., Gieseler, J., Jovanovic, N., Riwanto, B., Toivanen, P., Leppinen, H., Tikka, T., Punkkinen, A., Punkkinen, R., Hedman, H. -P., Lill, J. -O., and Slotte, J. M. K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The in-orbit results and lessons learned of the first Finnish satellite Aalto-1 are briefly presented in this paper. Aalto-1, a three-unit CubeSat which was launched in June 2017, performed AaSI (Aalto Spectral Imager), Radiation Monitor (RADMON), and Electrostatic Plasma Brake (EPB) missions. The satellite partly fulfilled its mission objectives and allowed to either perform or attempt the experiments. Although attitude control was partially functional, AaSI and RADMON were able to acquire valuable measurements. EPB was successfully commissioned but the tether deployment was not successful., Comment: 35 pages

Published
2021
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9. Primary care triaging of head and neck cancer referrals using the head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2: impact on a tertiary head and neck service.

Author

Li, L, Tikka, T, Morton, C, Chan, C, Hayois, L, Henderson, M, Hastie, C, Lee, L, Porteus, L, and Nixon, I

Subjects
*STATISTICAL significance, *MEDICAL triage, *HEAD & neck cancer, *EARLY detection of cancer, *TERTIARY care, *PRIMARY health care, *RISK assessment, *MEDICAL care use, *MEDICAL referrals, *CHI-squared test, *ELECTRONIC health records, *MEDICAL appointments, *DATA analysis software, *CANCER patient medical care
Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the use of the head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 in a primary care setting and to evaluate the impact of the risk calculator on the number of referrals stratified by urgency and cancer yield. Method: Referrals between April 2019 and August 2019, April 2020 and July 2020 (pre-risk calculator) and August 2020 and July 2021 (post-risk calculator) were analysed. Referral urgency, head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 score, cancer diagnosis, cancer type and further investigations were recorded. Results: The 2023 patient encounters were analysed; there were 1110 (55 per cent) referrals before head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use and 913 (45 per cent) after head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use. A higher proportion of older (p < 0.001) and male (p < 0.013) patients were seen post-head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use. All cancer cases were seen on the urgent suspicion of cancer pathway post-head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 use; however, a higher proportion of patients were seen as urgent suspicion of cancer (51.1 vs 83.5 per cent; p < 0.001). Overall, the cancer diagnosis rate increased from 2.7 to 4.1 per cent. Conclusion: The head and neck cancer risk calculator version 2 had high sensitivity in cancer diagnosis. More studies are required to optimise the predicted versus actual cancer probability gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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10. Video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) Findings in Patients With Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence: A Case–Control Study

Author

Gaggini M, Tikka T, Kontorinis G, and Slim Mam

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Semicircular Canal Dehiscence, genetic structures, Audiology, Dehiscence, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, Head Impulse Test, Vestibular system, Semicircular canal, business.industry, Case-control study, Head impulse test, General Medicine, Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular, Semicircular Canals, medicine.anatomical_structure, Corrective saccade, Otorhinolaryngology, RF1-547, Case-Control Studies, Referral centre, sense organs, business
Abstract

To explore the usefulness of the responses of video head impulse testing (vHIT) in assessing symptomatic patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD).This was a prospective case-control study performed in a tertiary skull base referral Centre in the UK. It included all patients ¬diagnosed with SSCD from January 2015 to January 2019 and compared to a control group of age and gender-matched unaffected indi¬viduals. The main outcome of the study was semicircular canal vestibule-ocular reflex (VOR) gains during vHIT assessment and link to patients' symptoms.A total of 28 patients were diagnosed with SSCD during the study period and completed the vHIT assessment. Reduced VOR gains (0.8) were noted in 57% of patients (n = 16). Half of these (n = 8) were in canals other than the superior semicircular (posterior only: n = 5; lateral and posterior: n = 3). Three patients (10.7%) had abnormal responses in 2 canals. The canals in the contralateral side were affected in 56.5% of the cases. There was no correlation with the patients' symptoms. Results were directly comparable with the control group vHIT results with no identifiable statistically significant differences on comparison of the ipsilateral SSCD side with a randomly selected side from the control group (all comparisons: P.05).SSCD can affect the vestibular responses from all 3 semicircular canals; not necessarily the superior one. Similar responses were found in a control group of normal subjects. Although the use of vHIT in the assessment of SSCD is not diagnosis-specific, it can still help with identifying the impact of surgery on all canals prior to any intervention in order to avoid bilateral vestibular failure.

Published
2021

12. Six-canal video head impulse test in patients with labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine pathology: detecting vestibulo-ocular reflex deficits.

Author

Kontorinis, G, Tailor, H, Tikka, T, and Slim, M A M

Subjects
THERAPEUTICS, CONFIDENCE intervals, VESTIBULAR apparatus diseases, EYE movement disorders, SUPERIOR semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome, VESTIBULAR function tests, INNER ear diseases, ACOUSTIC neuroma, ODDS ratio, VIDEO recording
Abstract

Background: Abnormal gains in six-canal video head impulse test are attributed to semi-circular canal deficits. However, as video head impulse test responses are linked to the vestibulo-ocular reflex, it was hypothesised that abnormal gains can be caused by vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway deficits. Methods: This study compared video head impulse test gains in 20 patients with superior semi-circular canal dehiscence (labyrinthine cause) and 20 side- and gender-matched patients with vestibular schwannomas (retrolabyrinthine cause), and investigated correlations between them (Mann–Kendall trend test). Results: Vestibular schwannoma but not superior semi-circular canal dehiscence was significantly associated with abnormal lateral (odds ratio = 9.00 (95 per cent confidence interval = 1.638–49.44), p = 0.011) and posterior (odds ratio = 9.00 (95 per cent confidence interval = 2.151–37.659), p = 0.003) canal status. In vestibular schwannoma patients, there was a statistically significant degree of dependence between all ipsilesional canal video head impulse test gains; such dependence was not observed in superior semi-circular canal dehiscence. Conclusion: Vestibulo-ocular reflex gains differ in patients with labyrinthine and retrolabyrinthine disease; this suggests that abnormal gains can indicate deficits not only in the semi-circular canals but also elsewhere along the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Remote triage incorporating symptom‐based risk stratification for suspected head and neck cancer referrals: A prospective population‐based study

Author

Hardman, JC, Tikka, T, Paleri, V, Nirmal Kumar, B, Jennings, C, Repanos, C, Stafford, F, Ishii, H, Wheatley, H, Homer, J, Jose, J, McLaren, O, Pracy, P, Simo, R, Sood, S, Lester, S, Winter, S, Kerawala, C, Ah‐See, K, Gomati, A, Cooper, F, Thirumal, V, Shakeel, M, Asimakopoulos, P, Rogers, M, Loh, C, Roode, M, Kelly, A, McCrory, D, Khan, I, Vijayakumar, S, Hans, P, Shenton, C, Kallada, S, Puvanendran, M, Kiakou, M, Wong, B, Fletcher, L, Harding, L, Chaurasia, M, Awad, Z, Jaafar, M, Cunning, N, Bhatt, YM, Jama, GM, Sooriyamoorthy, T, Galli, F, Pinto, R, Temple, R, Ghaffar, S, and al., Et

Subjects
Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Telemedicine, Adolescent, Population, Lower risk, Risk Assessment, Young Adult, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, education, Child, Pandemics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Errata, business.industry, Remote Consultation, Head and neck cancer, Cancer, COVID-19, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Triage, United Kingdom, Oncology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Child, Preschool, Emergency medicine, Communicable Disease Control, Observational study, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background Remote triage for suspected head and neck cancer (HNC) referrals was adopted by many institutions during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Its safety in this population has not been established. Methods A 16-week, prospective, multicenter national service evaluation was started on March 23, 2020. Suspected HNC referrals undergoing remote triage in UK secondary care centers were identified and followed up for a minimum of 6 months to record the cancer status. Triage was supported by risk stratification using a validated calculator. Results Data for 4568 cases were submitted by 41 centers serving a population of approximately 26 million. These represented 14.1% of the predicted maximum referrals for this population outside of pandemic times, and this gave the study a margin of error of 1.34% at 95% confidence. Completed 6-month follow-up data were available for 99.8% with an overall cancer rate of 5.6% (254 of 4557). The rates of triage were as follows: urgent imaging investigation, 25.4% (n = 1156); urgent face-to-face review, 27.8%; (n = 1268); assessment deferral, 30.3% (n = 1382); and discharge, 16.4% (n = 749). The corresponding missed cancers rates were 0.5% (5 of 1048), 0.3% (3 of 1149), 0.9% (12 of 1382), and 0.9% (7 of 747; P = .15). The negative predictive value for a nonurgent triage outcome and no cancer diagnosis was 99.1%. Overall harm was reported in 0.24% (11 of 4557) and was highest for deferred assessments (0.58%; 8 of 1382). Conclusions Remote triage, incorporating risk stratification, may facilitate targeted investigations for higher risk patients and prevent unnecessary hospital attendance for lower risk patients. The risk of harm is low and may be reduced further with appropriate safety netting of deferred appointments. Lay summary This large national study observed the widespread adoption of telephone assessment (supported by a risk calculator) of patients referred to hospital specialists with suspected head and neck cancer during the initial peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The authors identified 4568 patients from 41 UK centers (serving a population of more than 26 million people) who were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. Late cancers were identified, whether reviewed or investigated urgently (0.4%) or nonurgently (0.9%), but the overall rate of harm was low (0.2%), with the highest rate being seen with deferred appointments (0.6%).

Published
2021

15. Aalto-1, multi-payload CubeSat: In-orbit results and lessons learned

Author

Mughal, M. Rizwan, primary, Praks, J., additional, Vainio, R., additional, Janhunen, P., additional, Envall, J., additional, Näsilä, A., additional, Oleynik, P., additional, Niemelä, P., additional, Nyman, S., additional, Slavinskis, A., additional, Gieseler, J., additional, Jovanovic, N., additional, Riwanto, B., additional, Toivanen, P., additional, Leppinen, H., additional, Tikka, T., additional, Punkkinen, A., additional, Punkkinen, R., additional, Hedman, H.-P., additional, Lill, J.-O., additional, and Slotte, J.M.K., additional

Published
2021
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16. Aalto-1, multi-payload CubeSat: Design, integration and launch

Author

Praks, J., primary, Mughal, M. Rizwan, additional, Vainio, R., additional, Janhunen, P., additional, Envall, J., additional, Oleynik, P., additional, Näsilä, A., additional, Leppinen, H., additional, Niemelä, P., additional, Slavinskis, A., additional, Gieseler, J., additional, Toivanen, P., additional, Tikka, T., additional, Peltola, T., additional, Bosser, A., additional, Schwarzkopf, G., additional, Jovanovic, N., additional, Riwanto, B., additional, Kestilä, A., additional, Punkkinen, A., additional, Punkkinen, R., additional, Hedman, H.-P., additional, Säntti, T., additional, Lill, J.-O., additional, Slotte, J.M.K., additional, Kettunen, H., additional, and Virtanen, A., additional

Published
2021
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19. Meniere's disease treated by grommet insertion

Author

Kanegaonkar, R., Najuko-Mafemera, A., Hone, R., and Tikka, T.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Menière’s disease (MD) is an uncommon cause of sudden profound vertigo. A variety of medical and surgical treatments have been used to manage this condition. This study reviewed the outcomes of patients treated with grommet insertion and transtympanic steroid injection. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with MD between 2007 and 2017 were identified, and case notes and audiological data were retrieved for those managed by grommet (ventilation tube) insertion with and without transtympanic steroid injection. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients were identified as being diagnosed with MD. Grommet insertion resulted in cessation or improvement of attacks in 91% of cases. The mean follow-up duration was 33.8 months (median: 29 months). The mean hearing threshold across the low frequencies improved from 57.2dBHL to 49.4dBHL (p=0.031). Following the intervention, improved tinnitus was reported in 80% of cases. Twelve patients (36%) reported aural fullness prior to grommet insertion; all reported improved symptoms following the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Early grommet insertion with transtympanic steroid injection, combined with customised vestibular physiotherapy, may provide an alternative first-line strategy for MD, preventing further true MD attacks. In some patients, it may significantly improve hearing thresholds.

Published
2019

20. Design and construction of a unique shaft bottom structural system for a potash mine.

Author

Tikka T., 4th International conference on shaft design and construction Toronto, Canada 18-Nov-1920-Nov-19, Nolasco E., Ouellet J., Tikka T., 4th International conference on shaft design and construction Toronto, Canada 18-Nov-1920-Nov-19, Nolasco E., and Ouellet J.

Abstract

The shaft bottom structural system at the Jansen potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada, was initially designed as a concrete tower supported on a concrete plug, but was redisigned when the shaft's final diameter was increased from 6.5 to 7.3 m. The final design is a structural steel arrangement with unlined shaft walls and clear shaft bottom area with only a concrete housekeeping pad. The current 105 m high system uses a split tower design with a suspended upper tower and lower arrestor tower, connected via sliding joint to eliminate the transfer of arrestor loads to the upper tower. Discussion is presented of the development of the upper hitch beams and suspended tower, the main station level, the arrestor tower structure, creep of the evaporite deposits through with the shaft runs, and corrosion resistance and prevention. The analysis methods used during the design of the system included hand computations, 3-D structural analysis software modelling, and spreadsheets. Cost and scheduling of the construction of the system has been optimised by thorough evaluation of the modularisation concepts, installation sequencing, construction constraints, and proper planning., The shaft bottom structural system at the Jansen potash mine in Saskatchewan, Canada, was initially designed as a concrete tower supported on a concrete plug, but was redisigned when the shaft's final diameter was increased from 6.5 to 7.3 m. The final design is a structural steel arrangement with unlined shaft walls and clear shaft bottom area with only a concrete housekeeping pad. The current 105 m high system uses a split tower design with a suspended upper tower and lower arrestor tower, connected via sliding joint to eliminate the transfer of arrestor loads to the upper tower. Discussion is presented of the development of the upper hitch beams and suspended tower, the main station level, the arrestor tower structure, creep of the evaporite deposits through with the shaft runs, and corrosion resistance and prevention. The analysis methods used during the design of the system included hand computations, 3-D structural analysis software modelling, and spreadsheets. Cost and scheduling of the construction of the system has been optimised by thorough evaluation of the modularisation concepts, installation sequencing, construction constraints, and proper planning.

Published
2019

24. Post‐Treatment Head and Neck Cancer Care: National Audit and Analysis of Current Practice in the United Kingdom.

Author

Ellis, Matthew, Garas, George, Hardman, John, Khan, Maha, Mehanna, Hisham, Smith, Matthew E., Tikka, Theofano, Ubayasiri, Kishan, Williams, Richard, Garas, G., Hardman, J., Khan, M., Mehanna, H., Smith, M.E., Tikka, T., Ubayasiri, K., Williams, R., Swords, C., Wilson, G., and Hone, R.

Subjects
ALLIED health personnel, CANCER treatment, HEAD & neck cancer, CANCER relapse, PATIENT education, NECK pain, MEDICAL audit
Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to audit current United Kingdom (UK) practice of Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) post‐treatment surveillance against national guidelines and determine the outcomes of these practices in detecting recurrence. Design: National cross‐sectional study of current HNC surveillance practice. Setting: UK HNC outpatient departments. Participants: HNC patients reviewed for post‐treatment surveillance. Main outcome measures: Compliance with UK multidisciplinary guidelines and rates of cancer recurrence detection by time, clinic type and symptoms. Results: Data were analysed from 5,123 consultations across 89 UK centres. 30% of consultations were in dedicated multidisciplinary clinics, with input from allied health professionals (AHPs) available on the day in 23% of all consultations. Recurrence was suspected in 344 consultations and investigated with MRI in 29.6% (n = 102) and PET‐CT in 14.2% (n = 49). Patient education regarding recurrence symptoms, and smoking and alcohol advice, was provided in 20.4%, 6.2% and 5.3% of cases, respectively. Rates of recurrence detected were 35% in expedited appointments and 5.2% in planned follow‐ups (P =.0001). Of the expedited appointments, 63% were initiated by patients and 37% by clinicians. Recurrence was higher in those with new symptoms (7.1% versus 2.2%). The strongest predictors of recurrence were dyspnoea (positive predictive value (PPV)=16.2%), neck pain (PPV = 10.4%) and mouth/throat pain (PPV = 9.2%). Conclusions: Dedicated multidisciplinary clinics comprise a minority of consultations for HNC surveillance in the UK, with low availability of AHPs. PET‐CT and MRI were underutilised for the investigation of suspected recurrence. There may be scope for greater emphasis on patient education and consequent patient‐initiated symptom‐driven follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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25. ASPECT CubeSat mission to a binary asteroid Didymos

Author

Kohout, T., Näsilä, A., Tikka, T., Penttilä, A., Muinonen, K., Kestilä, A., Granvik, M., and Kallio, E.

Abstract

第7回極域科学シンポジウム:[OA] 南極隕石/はやぶさ11月29日（火）国立国語研究所 2階講堂

Published
2016

30. Predictors of the need for an extracervical approach to intrathoracic goitre.

Author

Tikka, T., Nixon, I. J., Harrison‐Phipps, K., and Simo, R.

Subjects
GOITER, THORACOTOMY, PREOPERATIVE care
Abstract

Background: Sternotomy and lateral thoracotomy are required infrequently to remove an intrathoracic goitre (ITG). As few studies have explored the need for an extracervical approach (ECA), the aim of this study was to examine this in a large cohort of patients. Methods: A prospective database of all patients who had surgery for ITG between 2004 and 2016 was interrogated. Patient demographics, preoperative characteristics and type of operation were analysed to identify factors associated with an ECA. Results: Of 237 patients who had surgery for ITG, 29 (12·2 per cent) required an ECA. ITGs below the aortic arch (odds ratio (OR) 10·84; P = 0·004), those with an iceberg shape (OR 59·30; P < 0·001) and revisional surgery (OR 4·83; P = 0·022) were significant preoperative predictors of an ECA. Conclusion: The extent of intrathoracic extension in relation to the aortic arch, iceberg goitre shape and revisional surgery were independent risk factors for ECA. Careful preoperative assessment should take these factors into consideration when determining the optimal surgical approach to ITG. The aim of this study was to explore the need for an extracervical approach (ECA) to remove an intrathoracic goitre (ITG) analysing a large prospective cohort of patients. The extent of intrathoracic extension in relation to the aortic arch, iceberg goitre shape and revision surgery were independent risk factors for ECA. Careful preoperative assessment taking these factors into consideration is recommended for optimal surgical management of ITGs. Useful factors to determine approach [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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39. Predicting hypocalcaemia post-thyroidectomy: a retrospective audit of results compared to a previously published nomogram in 64 patients treated at a district general hospital.

Author

Kaleva, A.I., Hone, R.W.A., Tikka, T., Al‐lami, A., Balfour, A., and Nixon, I.J.

Subjects
HYPOCALCEMIA, HOSPITALS, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MULTIVARIATE analysis, NOMOGRAPHY (Mathematics), THYROIDECTOMY
Abstract

The article focuses on a study for reporting the rates of hypocalcaemia in a Great Britain's district general hospital and assessing the clinical utility of the predictive nomogram. It mentions performance of the miltivariate analysis using binary logistic regression for assessing the effect of pre, intra- and postthyroidectomy factors. It also mentions presence of malignancy associated with risk of hypocalcaemia and decrease in length of stay after thyroidectomy is decreased.

Published
2017
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41. Impact of circuit non-idealities on wireless interconnect based on OOK modulated RF transceiver

Author

Tao, C., Teemu, P., Esa, T., Tenhunen, Hannu, Tikka, T., Ryynanen, J., Tao, C., Teemu, P., Esa, T., Tenhunen, Hannu, Tikka, T., and Ryynanen, J.

Abstract

In this work, a system model for RF wireless interconnect has been proposed based on digital on-off keying (OOK) modulated RF transceiver with 2 Gb/s transmission rate and 40 GHz carrier frequency. To evaluate performance of wireless interconnect, the impact of critical non-idealities caused by circuit blocks has been analyzed and simulated in Matlab® Simulink® environment. A set of rough circuit specifications and BER performances of such system are obtained, through which key points during actual circuit design has come into view. The result of this work has verified the potential feasibility and reliability, and pointed out possible circuit design stresses for wireless interconnect system., QC 20120203

Published
2009
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43. Acute unilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with anabolic steroids and polycythaemia: case report.

Author

TIKKA, T., MISTRY, N., and JANJUA, A.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC resonance imaging evaluation, *DIAGNOSIS of deafness, *POLYCYTHEMIA, *ANABOLIC steroids, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Background: Unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss due to an infarct in the vertebrobasilar system has been widely reported. Most patients have a background of traditional coronary risk factors related to these cerebrovascular episodes. Case report: A 32-year-old male, a regular user of anabolic steroids, presented to the emergency department with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and symptoms suggestive of an infarct of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery but in the absence of risk factors for ischaemic stroke. Results: Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of infarction in the region supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Polycythaemia was found on haematological analysis, which we believe was secondary to the use of anabolic steroids. The patient was commenced on aspirin as per the stroke management protocol. There was resolution of neurological symptomatology six weeks after the episode, but no improvement in hearing. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case report of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss secondary to the use of anabolic steroids causing polycythaemia. This cause should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with sensorineural hearing loss, especially in young males, when no other risk factors can be identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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