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1. Resolving genotype-phenotype discrepancies of the Kidd blood group system using long-read nanopore sequencing

Author: Gueuning, M, primary, Thun, GA, additional, Trost, N, additional, Schneider, L, additional, Sigurdardottir, S, additional, Engström, C, additional, Larbes, N, additional, Merki, Y, additional, Frey, BM, additional, Gassner, C, additional, Meyer, S, additional, and Mattle-Greminger, MP, additional
Published: 2023
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2. Novel childhood asthma genes interact with in utero and early-life tobacco smoke exposure

Author: Scholtens, S, Postma, DS, Moffatt, MF, Panasevich, S, Granell, R, Henderson, AJ, Melén, E, Nyberg, F, Pershagen, G, Jarvis, D, Ramasamy, A, Wjst, M, Svanes, C, Bouzigon, E, Demenais, F, Kauffmann, F, Siroux, V, Von Mutius, E, Ege, MJ, Braun-Fahrländer, C, Genuneit, J, Brunekreef, B, Smit, HA, Wijga, AH, Kerkhof, M, Curjuric, I, Imboden, M, Thun, GA, Probst-Hensch, N, Freidin, MB, Bragina, EI, Deev, IA, Puzyrev, VP, Daley, D, Park, J, Becker, A, Chan-Yeung, M, Kozyrskyj, AL, Pare, P, Marenholz, I, Lau, S, Keil, T, Lee, YA, Kabesch, M, Wijmenga, C, Franke, L, Nolte, IM, Vonk, J, Kumar, A, Farrall, M, Cookson, WOCM, Strachan, DP, Koppelman, GH, Boezen, HM, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), and Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL)
Subjects: Candidate gene, Passive smoking, Immunology, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, VARIANTS, medicine.disease_cause, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, PARKIN, Tobacco smoke, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Missing heritability problem, Genetic predisposition, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Letter to the Editor, 030304 developmental biology, Asthma, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Microfilament Proteins, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, Maternal Exposure, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Motile cilium, Female, Gene-Environment Interaction, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract: To the Editor: Complex diseases, including asthma, have genetic and environmental origins. Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genes for the development of asthma, yet they only explain a limited proportion of asthma heritability. Interactions between genetic predisposition and exposure to passive smoking might explain in part the hidden heritability of childhood asthma. However, to date, this approach has not been reported for the discovery of interactions between genes and tobacco smoke exposure. We performed a genome-wide interaction study (GWIS) on childhood asthma to identify genes that interact with 2 well-known environmental risk factors for childhood-onset asthma: in utero and childhood tobacco smoke exposure. We meta-analyzed interaction results from 9 studies participating in the GABRIEL consortium1 including more than 6,000 subjects of European descent. We replicated our findings in 4 independent studies including more than 13,000 subjects. Childhood-onset asthma was defined as asthma diagnosed by a doctor before the age of 16 years, which is consistent with the definition in the GABRIEL consortium.1 In utero tobacco smoke exposure was defined as “exposure to maternal tobacco smoking at any time during pregnancy.” Childhood tobacco smoke exposure was defined as “exposure to passive tobacco smoking at any time from birth until 16 years of age.” Details on the number of subjects, the design of the individual studies, and outcome and exposure definitions are provided in Tables E1 to E4 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org. The effects of in utero tobacco smoke exposure and childhood tobacco smoke exposure were analyzed separately. All individual studies were analyzed by using a logistic regression model containing the genetic effect, the effect of tobacco smoke exposure, and an interaction term indicating the interaction between the genetic effect and tobacco smoke exposure. Further methodological considerations on GWISs and details on the statistical analyses are described in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org. For in utero tobacco smoke exposure, the discovery genome-wide meta-analysis consisted of 2,654 cases and 3,073 control subjects derived from 7 studies (see Table E1). Overall, in utero tobacco smoke exposure increased the risk of childhood-onset asthma (see Fig E1 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org). A total of 536,705 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were included in the interaction meta-analysis. Fig E2 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org shows the Manhattan plot. We identified 27 SNPs in the discovery sample with a P value of less than 10−4 based on the fixed effect model (Table I and see Table E5 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org). Findings did not reach genome-wide significance but were consistent over all studies included, and no significant heterogeneity across studies was present (P value Q-statistic < .05). Four of these SNPs on chromosome 10 were in high linkage disequilibrium with each other in the discovery meta-analysis (r2 = 0.82-0.96). The most prominent marker was located on chromosome 18 near EPB41L3 (Forest plot, see Fig E3 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org). Table E6 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org shows the associations in exposed and nonexposed subjects. EPB41L3 belongs to the protein 4.1 family of membrane-associated proteins, is involved in cell-cell junctions,2 and might play a role in apoptosis.3 The literature shows that in utero tobacco smoke exposure affects the expression of genes involved in biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, and influences lung development of the child in general.4 Our data suggest that this effect of in utero smoke exposure might potentially occur through mechanisms involving EPB41L3 (see the additional text in this article's Online Repository). Table I Results of the GWIS of in utero tobacco smoke exposure and childhood-onset asthma For childhood tobacco smoke exposure, the discovery genome-wide meta-analysis consisted of 3,048 cases and 3,509 control subjects derived from 9 studies (see Table E1). Overall, childhood tobacco smoke exposure increased the risk of childhood-onset asthma (see Fig E1). A total of 538,233 SNPs were included in the interaction meta-analysis. Fig E4 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org shows the Manhattan plot. We identified 35 SNPs in the discovery sample with a P value of less than 10−4 based on the fixed effect model. Four of these SNPs were excluded because they showed heterogeneity, and the P value of the random effect was greater than 10−4. Findings did not reach genome-wide significance. Table II and Table E7 (see this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org) the results for the top SNPs. Seven SNPs on chromosome 5 (except rs2312164) were in high linkage disequilibrium with each other in the discovery studies (r2 = 0.83-1.00). Table II Results of the GWIS on childhood tobacco smoke exposure and childhood-onset asthma The most prominent marker was located on chromosome 6 in PACRG (parkin coregulated gene; Forest plot, see Fig E5 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org). Table E8 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org shows the associations in exposed and nonexposed subjects. PACRG is located next to and has an overlapping promoter region with parkin 2 (PARK2).5 The gene has been associated with leprosy and parkinsonian diseases and has an important role in motile cilia function and cilia morphogenesis.2,6 PACRG is relatively highly expressed in the trachea and nasal mucosa. Ciliary dysfunction might impair mucus clearance from the airways and has been shown to affect asthma severity. Our data suggest that changes in ciliary function particularly affect the development of asthma in children exposed to passive tobacco smoke. The genes that have been reported previously to interact with tobacco smoke exposure with respect to asthma development (ie, TNF,7 GSTP1,7 and ADAM338) were not among our most significant hits. This can be explained by the fact that the genetic variants in these candidate gene studies have a strong main effect on asthma development. Bouzigon et al9 showed a more pronounced effect of the 17q21 region on the development of early-onset asthma in children with early-life tobacco smoke exposure than in those without. The genetic effect of these markers in our GWIS showed a similar direction, but the interaction was not significant. This study on childhood asthma is the first hypothesis-free GWIS specifically aiming to identify SNPs that interact with tobacco smoke exposure in disease development. We found suggestive evidence for an interaction between rs8094633 on chromosome 18 near EPB41L3 and in utero tobacco smoke exposure and an interaction between rs1575472 on chromosome 6 in PACRG and childhood tobacco smoke exposure. The SNPs found have not been identified previously in general genome-wide association studies on childhood asthma. Interestingly, the SNPs interacting with in utero and childhood tobacco smoke exposure were different and were not involved in the same pathway (see Fig E6 in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org). Interactions between these SNPs and tobacco smoke exposure in utero and in childhood might explain part of the missing heritability of asthma. Future research needs to confirm these findings and further unravel the biological pathways.
Published: 2016
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3. Meta-analysis identifies multiple loci associated with kidney function-related traits in east Asian populations

Author: Okada, Y, Sim, X, Go, Mj, Wu, Jy, Gu, D, Takeuchi, F, Takahashi, A, Maeda, S, Tsunoda, T, Chen, P, Lim, Sc, Wong, Ty, Liu, J, Young, Tl, Aung, T, Seielstad, M, Teo, Yy, Kim, Yj, Lee, Jy, Han, Bg, Kang, D, Chen, Ch, Tsai, Fj, Chang, Lc, Fann, Sj, Mei, H, Rao, Dc, Hixson, Je, Chen, S, Katsuya, T, Isono, M, Ogihara, T, Chambers, Jc, Zhang, W, Kooner, Js, Kidneygen, Consortium, Ckdgen, Consortium, Albrecht, E, Gugc, Consortium, Yamamoto, K, Kubo, M, Nakamura, Y, Kamatani, N, Kato, N, He, J, Chen, Yt, Cho, Ys, Tai, Es, Tanaka, T., Lord, Gm, van der Harst, P, Lawlor, Da, Sehmi, Js, Gale, Dp, Wass, Mn, Ahmadi, Kr, Bakker, Sj, Beckmann, J, Bilo, Hj, Bochud, M, Brown, Mj, Caulfield, Mj, Connell, Jm, Cook, Ht, Cotlarciuc, I, Smith, Gd, de Silva, R, Deng, G, Devuyst, O, Dikkeschei, Ld, Dimkovic, N, Dockrell, M, Dominiczak, A, Ebrahim, S, Eggermann, T, Farrall, M, Ferrucci, L, Floege, J, Forouhi, Ng, Gansevoort, Rt, Han, X, Hedblad, B, van der Heide JJ, Hepkema, Bg, Hernandez Fuentes, M, Hypponen, E, Johnson, T, de Jong PE, Kleefstra, N, Lagou, V, Lapsley, M, Li, Y, Loos, Rj, Luan, J, Luttropp, K, Maréchal, C, Melander, O, Munroe, Pb, Nordfors, L, Parsa, A, Peltonen, L, Penninx, Bw, Perucha, E, Pouta, A, Prokopenko, I, Roderick, Pj, Ruokonen, A, Samani, Nj, Sanna, S, Schalling, M, Schlessinger, D, Schlieper, G, Seelen, Ma, Shuldiner, Ar, Sjögren, M, Smit, Jh, Snieder, H, Soranzo, N, Spector, Td, Stenvinkel, P, Sternberg, Mj, Swaminathan, R, Tanaka, T, Ubink Veltmaat LJ, Uda, M, Vollenweider, P, Wallace, C, Waterworth, D, Zerres, K, Waeber, G, Wareham, Nj, Maxwell, Ph, Mccarthy, Mi, Jarvelin, Mr, Mooser, V, Abecasis, Gr, Lightstone, L, Scott, J, Navis, G, Elliott, P, Köttgen, A, Pattaro, C, Böger, Ca, Fuchsberger, C, Olden, M, Glazer, Nl, Gao, X, Yang, Q, Smith, Av, O'Connell, Jr, Li, M, Schmidt, H, Isaacs, A, Ketkar, S, Hwang, Sj, Johnson, Ad, Dehghan, A, Teumer, A, Paré, G, Atkinson, Ej, Zeller, T, Lohman, K, Cornelis, Mc, Probst Hensch NM, Kronenberg, F, Tönjes, A, Hayward, C, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Launer, Lj, Harris, Tb, Rampersaud, E, Mitchell, Bd, Arking, De, Boerwinkle, E, Struchalin, M, Cavalieri, M, Singleton, A, Giallauria, F, Metter, J, de Boer IH, Haritunians, T, Lumley, T, Siscovick, D, Psaty, Bm, Zillikens, Mc, Oostra, Ba, Feitosa, M, Province, M, de Andrade, M, Turner, St, Schillert, A, Ziegler, A, Wild, Ps, Schnabel, Rb, Wilde, S, Munzel, Tf, Leak, Ts, Illig, T, Klopp, N, Meisinger, C, Wichmann, He, Koenig, W, Zgaga, L, Zemunik, T, Kolcic, I, Minelli, C, Hu, Fb, Johansson, Å, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, Sh, Wright, Af, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Schreiber, S, Aulchenko, Ys, Felix, Jf, Rivadeneira, F, Uitterlinden, Ag, Hofman, A, Imboden, M, Nitsch, D, Brandstätter, A, Kollerits, B, Kedenko, L, Mägi, R, Stumvoll, M, Kovacs, P, Boban, M, Campbell, S, Endlich, K, Völzke, H, Kroemer, Hk, Nauck, M, Völker, U, Polasek, O, Vitart, V, Badola, S, Parker, An, Ridker, Pm, Kardia, Sl, Blankenberg, S, Liu, Y, Curhan, Gc, Franke, A, Rochat, T, Paulweber, B, Wang, W, Gudnason, V, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Shlipak, Mg, van Duijn CM, Borecki, I, Krämer, Bk, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, Jf, Witteman, Jc, Pramstaller, Pp, Rettig, R, Hastie, N, Chasman, Di, Kao, Wh, Heid, Im, Fox, Cs, Krumsiek, J, Hundertmark, C, Pistis, G, Ruggiero, D, O'Seaghdha, M, Haller, T, Kutalik, Z, Shi, J, Middelberg, Ps, Gaffo, Al, Pirastu, N, Li, G, Huffman, J, Yengo, L, Zhao, Jh, Demirkan, A, Feitosa, Mf, Liu, X, Malerba, Giovanni, Lopez, Lm, Li, X, Kleber, Me, Hicks, Aa, Nolte, Im, Johansson, A, Murgia, F, Peden, Jf, Steri, M, Tenesa, A, Salo, P, Mangino, M, Rose, Lm, Lehtimäki, T, Woodward, Om, Tin, A, Müller, C, Oldmeadow, C, Putku, M, Czamara, D, Kraft, P, Frogheri, L, Thun, Ga, Grotevendt, A, Gislason, Gk, Mcardle, P, Schallert, M, Martin, Ng, Montgomery, Gw, Jacobs DR Jr, Liu, K, D'Adamo, P, Ulivi, S, Rotter, Ji, Navaro, P, Balkau, B, Froguel, P, Esko, T, Salumets, A, Khaw, Kt, Langenberg, C, Kraja, A, Zhang, Q, Scott, Rj, Holliday, Eg, Org, E, Viigimaa, M, Bandinelli, S, Metter, Je, Lupo, Antonio, Trabetti, Elisabetta, Sorice, R, Döring, A, Lattka, E, Strauch, K, Theis, F, Waldenberger, M, Davies, G, Gow, Aj, Bruinenberg, M, Stolk, Rp, Winkelmann, Br, Boehm, Bo, Lucae, S, Curhan, G, Mudgal, P, Plenge, Rm, Portas, L, Persico, I, Kirin, M, Mateo Leach, I, van Gilst WH, Goel, A, Ongen, H, von Eckardstein, A, Cucca, F, Nagaraja, R, Piras, Mg, Schurmann, C, Budde, K, Ernst, F, Farrington, Sm, Theodoratou, E, Jula, A, Perola, M, Salomaa, V, Shin, Sy, Sala, C, Kähönen, M, Viikari, J, Hengstenberg, C, Nelson, Cp, Meschia, Jf, Nalls, Ma, Sharma, P, Singleton, Ab, Burnier, M, Attia, J, Laan, M, Hillege, Hl, Kloiber, S, Choi, H, Pirastu, M, Tore, S, Whitfield, Jb, Fornage, M, Gasparini, P, Siscovick, Ds, Bouatia Naji, N, Metspalu, A, Borecki, Ib, Gambaro, G, Deary, Ij, Wolffenbuttel, Bh, März, W, Watkins, H, Schipf, S, Dunlop, Mg, Ripatti, S, Toniolo, D, Raitakari, O, Ciullo, M, Caulfield, M, Gieger, C., Okada, Y, Sim, X, Go, Mj, Wu, Jy, Gu, D, Takeuchi, F, Takahashi, A, Maeda, S, Tsunoda, T, Chen, P, Lim, Sc, Wong, Ty, Liu, J, Young, Tl, Aung, T, Seielstad, M, Teo, Yy, Kim, Yj, Lee, Jy, Han, Bg, Kang, D, Chen, Ch, Tsai, Fj, Chang, Lc, Fann, Sj, Mei, H, Rao, Dc, Hixson, Je, Chen, S, Katsuya, T, Isono, M, Ogihara, T, Chambers, Jc, Zhang, W, Kooner, J, Albrecht, E, Yamamoto, K, Kubo, M, Nakamura, Y, Kamatani, N, Kato, N, He, J, Chen, Yt, Cho, Y, Tai, E, Tanaka, T, Lord, Gm, van der Harst, P, Lawlor, Da, Sehmi, J, Gale, Dp, Wass, Mn, Ahmadi, Kr, Bakker, Sj, Beckmann, J, Bilo, Hj, Bochud, M, Brown, Mj, Caulfield, Mj, Connell, Jm, Cook, Ht, Cotlarciuc, I, Smith, Gd, de Silva, R, Deng, G, Devuyst, O, Dikkeschei, Ld, Dimkovic, N, Dockrell, M, Dominiczak, A, Ebrahim, S, Eggermann, T, Farrall, M, Ferrucci, L, Floege, J, Forouhi, Ng, Gansevoort, Rt, Han, X, Hedblad, B, van der Heide, Jj, Hepkema, Bg, Hernandez Fuentes, M, Hypponen, E, Johnson, T, de Jong, Pe, Kleefstra, N, Lagou, V, Lapsley, M, Li, Y, Loos, Rj, Luan, J, Luttropp, K, Maréchal, C, Melander, O, Munroe, Pb, Nordfors, L, Parsa, A, Peltonen, L, Penninx, Bw, Perucha, E, Pouta, A, Prokopenko, I, Roderick, Pj, Ruokonen, A, Samani, Nj, Sanna, S, Schalling, M, Schlessinger, D, Schlieper, G, Seelen, Ma, Shuldiner, Ar, Sjögren, M, Smit, Jh, Snieder, H, Soranzo, N, Spector, Td, Stenvinkel, P, Sternberg, Mj, Swaminathan, R, Ubink Veltmaat, Lj, Uda, M, Vollenweider, P, Wallace, C, Waterworth, D, Zerres, K, Waeber, G, Wareham, Nj, Maxwell, Ph, Mccarthy, Mi, Jarvelin, Mr, Mooser, V, Abecasis, Gr, Lightstone, L, Scott, J, Navis, G, Elliott, P, Köttgen, A, Pattaro, C, Böger, Ca, Fuchsberger, C, Olden, M, Glazer, Nl, Gao, X, Yang, Q, Smith, Av, O'Connell, Jr, Li, M, Schmidt, H, Isaacs, A, Ketkar, S, Hwang, Sj, Johnson, Ad, Dehghan, A, Teumer, A, Paré, G, Atkinson, Ej, Zeller, T, Lohman, K, Cornelis, Mc, Probst Hensch, Nm, Kronenberg, F, Tönjes, A, Hayward, C, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Launer, Lj, Harris, Tb, Rampersaud, E, Mitchell, Bd, Arking, De, Boerwinkle, E, Struchalin, M, Cavalieri, M, Singleton, A, Giallauria, F, Metter, J, de Boer, Ih, Haritunians, T, Lumley, T, Siscovick, D, Psaty, Bm, Zillikens, Mc, Oostra, Ba, Feitosa, M, Province, M, de Andrade, M, Turner, St, Schillert, A, Ziegler, A, Wild, P, Schnabel, Rb, Wilde, S, Munzel, Tf, Leak, T, Illig, T, Klopp, N, Meisinger, C, Wichmann, He, Koenig, W, Zgaga, L, Zemunik, T, Kolcic, I, Minelli, C, Hu, Fb, Johansson, Å, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, Sh, Wright, Af, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Schreiber, S, Aulchenko, Y, Felix, Jf, Rivadeneira, F, Uitterlinden, Ag, Hofman, A, Imboden, M, Nitsch, D, Brandstätter, A, Kollerits, B, Kedenko, L, Mägi, R, Stumvoll, M, Kovacs, P, Boban, M, Campbell, S, Endlich, K, Völzke, H, Kroemer, Hk, Nauck, M, Völker, U, Polasek, O, Vitart, V, Badola, S, Parker, An, Ridker, Pm, Kardia, Sl, Blankenberg, S, Liu, Y, Curhan, Gc, Franke, A, Rochat, T, Paulweber, B, Wang, W, Gudnason, V, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Shlipak, Mg, van Duijn, Cm, Borecki, I, Krämer, Bk, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, Jf, Witteman, Jc, Pramstaller, Pp, Rettig, R, Hastie, N, Chasman, Di, Kao, Wh, Heid, Im, Fox, C, Krumsiek, J, Hundertmark, C, Pistis, G, Ruggiero, D, O'Seaghdha, M, Haller, T, Kutalik, Z, Shi, J, Middelberg, P, Gaffo, Al, Pirastu, Nicola, Li, G, Huffman, J, Yengo, L, Zhao, Jh, Demirkan, A, Feitosa, Mf, Liu, X, Malerba, G, Lopez, Lm, Li, X, Kleber, Me, Hicks, Aa, Nolte, Im, Johansson, A, Murgia, F, Peden, Jf, Steri, M, Tenesa, A, Salo, P, Mangino, M, Rose, Lm, Lehtimäki, T, Woodward, Om, Tin, A, Müller, C, Oldmeadow, C, Putku, M, Czamara, D, Kraft, P, Frogheri, L, Thun, Ga, Grotevendt, A, Gislason, Gk, Mcardle, P, Schallert, M, Martin, Ng, Montgomery, Gw, Jacobs DR, Jr, Liu, K, D'Adamo, ADAMO PIO, Ulivi, S, Rotter, Ji, Navaro, P, Balkau, B, Froguel, P, Esko, T, Salumets, A, Khaw, Kt, Langenberg, C, Kraja, A, Zhang, Q, Scott, Rj, Holliday, Eg, Org, E, Viigimaa, M, Bandinelli, S, Metter, Je, Lupo, A, Trabetti, E, Sorice, R, Döring, A, Lattka, E, Strauch, K, Theis, F, Waldenberger, M, Davies, G, Gow, Aj, Bruinenberg, M, Stolk, Rp, Winkelmann, Br, Boehm, Bo, Lucae, S, Curhan, G, Mudgal, P, Plenge, Rm, Portas, L, Persico, I, Kirin, M, Mateo Leach, I, van Gilst, Wh, Goel, A, Ongen, H, von Eckardstein, A, Cucca, F, Nagaraja, R, Piras, Mg, Schurmann, C, Budde, K, Ernst, F, Farrington, Sm, Theodoratou, E, Jula, A, Perola, M, Salomaa, V, Shin, Sy, Sala, C, Kähönen, M, Viikari, J, Hengstenberg, C, Nelson, Cp, Meschia, Jf, Nalls, Ma, Sharma, P, Singleton, Ab, Burnier, M, Attia, J, Laan, M, Hillege, Hl, Kloiber, S, Choi, H, Pirastu, M, Tore, S, Whitfield, Jb, Fornage, M, Gasparini, Paolo, Bouatia Naji, N, Metspalu, A, Borecki, Ib, Gambaro, G, Deary, Ij, Wolffenbuttel, Bh, März, W, Watkins, H, Schipf, S, Dunlop, Mg, Ripatti, S, Toniolo, D, Raitakari, O, Ciullo, M, Caulfield, M, Gieger, C., KidneyGen Consortium, CKDGen Consortium, GUGC consortium, Chambers, J.C., Zhang, W., Lord, G.M., van der Harst, P., Lawlor, D.A., Sehmi, J.S., Gale, D.P., Wass, M.N., Ahmadi, K.R., Bakker, S.J., Beckmann, J., Bilo, H.J., Bochud, M., Brown, M.J., Caulfield, M.J., Connell, J.M., Cook, H.T., Cotlarciuc, I., Smith, G.D., de Silva, R., Deng, G., Devuyst, O., Dikkeschei, L.D., Dimkovic, N., Dockrell, M., Dominiczak, A., Ebrahim, S., Eggermann, T., Farrall, M., Ferrucci, L., Floege, J., Forouhi, N.G., Gansevoort, R.T., Han, X., Hedblad, B., van der Heide, J.J., Hepkema, B.G., Hernandez-Fuentes, M., Hypponen, E., Johnson, T., de Jong, P.E., Kleefstra, N., Lagou, V., Lapsley, M., Li, Y., Loos, R.J., Luan, J., Luttropp, K., Maréchal, C., Melander, O., Munroe, P.B., Nordfors, L., Parsa, A., Peltonen, L., Penninx, B.W., Perucha, E., Pouta, A., Prokopenko, I., Roderick, P.J., Ruokonen, A., Samani, N.J., Sanna, S., Schalling, M., Schlessinger, D., Schlieper, G., Seelen, M.A., Shuldiner, A.R., Sjögren, M., Smit, J.H., Snieder, H., Soranzo, N., Spector, T.D., Stenvinkel, P., Sternberg, M.J., Swaminathan, R., Tanaka, T., Ubink-Veltmaat, L.J., Uda, M., Vollenweider, P., Wallace, C., Waterworth, D., Zerres, K., Waeber, G., Wareham, N.J., Maxwell, P.H., McCarthy, M.I., Jarvelin, M.R., Mooser, V., Abecasis, G.R., Lightstone, L., Scott, J., Navis, G., Elliott, P., Kooner, J.S., Köttgen, A., Pattaro, C., Böger, C.A., Fuchsberger, C., Olden, M., Glazer, N.L., Gao, X., Yang, Q., Smith, A.V., O'Connell, J.R., Li, M., Schmidt, H., Isaacs, A., Ketkar, S., Hwang, S.J., Johnson, A.D., Dehghan, A., Teumer, A., Paré, G., Atkinson, E.J., Zeller, T., Lohman, K., Cornelis, M.C., Probst-Hensch, N.M., Kronenberg, F., Tönjes, A., Hayward, C., Aspelund, T., Eiriksdottir, G., Launer, L.J., Harris, T.B., Rampersaud, E., Mitchell, B.D., Arking, D.E., Boerwinkle, E., Struchalin, M., Cavalieri, M., Singleton, A., Giallauria, F., Metter, J., de Boer, I.H., Haritunians, T., Lumley, T., Siscovick, D., Psaty, B.M., Zillikens, M.C., Oostra, B.A., Feitosa, M., Province, M., de Andrade, M., Turner, S.T., Schillert, A., Ziegler, A., Wild, P.S., Schnabel, R.B., 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C., Mei, Hao, Rao, Dabeeru C., Hixson, James E., Chen, Shufeng, Katsuya, Tomohiro, Isono, Masato, Ogihara, Toshio, Chambers, John C., Zhang, Weihua, Kooner, Jaspal S., Albrecht, Eva, Yamamoto, Kazuhiko, Kubo, Michiaki, Nakamura, Yusuke, Kamatani, Naoyuki, Kato, Norihiro, He, Jiang, Chen, Yuan-Tsong, Cho, Yoon Shin, Tai, E-Shyong, Tanaka, Toshihiro, de Silva, R Deng G, Hernandez-Fuentes, M, Ubink-Veltmaat, Lj, Probst-Hensch, Nm, Giallauria, Francesco, Pirastu, N, D'Adamo, P, Gasparini, P, and Bouatia-Naji, N
Subjects: Asian Continental Ancestry Group, kidney, Population, Renal function, Genome-wide association study, Biology, Kidney, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Blood Urea Nitrogen, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Asian People, loci, Asian, medicine, Humans, genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, education, meta-analysis, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic association, Genetics, Creatinine, education.field_of_study, ta3121, medicine.disease, Uric Acid, Asian Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, Creatinine/blood, Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics, Kidney/physiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics, Uric Acid/blood, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Genetic epidemiology, Cohort Studie, Human, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), impairment of kidney function, is a serious public health problem, and the assessment of genetic factors influencing kidney function has substantial clinical relevance. Here, we report a meta-analysis of genomewide association studies for kidney function-related traits, including 71,149 east Asian individuals from 18 studies in 11 population-, hospital- or family-based cohorts, conducted as part of the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN). Our meta-analysis identified 17 loci newly associated with kidney function-related traits, including the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine levels (eGFRcrea) (P < 5.0 x 10(-8)). We further examined these loci with in silico replication in individuals of European ancestry from the KidneyGen, CKDGen and GUGC consortia, including a combined total of similar to 110,347 individuals. We identify pleiotropic associations among these loci with kidney function-related traits and risk of CKD. These findings provide new insights into the genetics of kidney function.
Published: 2012

4. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Author: ADIPOGen Consortium, CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, CKDGen Consortium, GEFOS Consortium, GENIE Consortium, International Endogene Consortium, LifeLines Cohort Study, MAGIC Investigators, MuTHER Consortium, PAGE Consortium, ReproGen Consortium, GLGC, ICBP, Dastani, Z., Hivert, MF., Timpson, N., Perry, JR., Yuan, X., Scott, RA., Henneman, P., Heid, IM., Kizer, JR., Lyytikainen, LP., Fuchsberger, C., Tanaka, T., Morris, AP., Small, K., Isaacs, A., Beekman, M., Coassin, S., Lohman, K., Qi, L., Kanoni, S., Pankow, JS., Uh, HW., Wu, Y., Bidulescu, A., Rasmussen-Torvik, LJ., Greenwood, CM., Ladouceur, M., Grimsby, J., Manning, AK., Liu, CT., Kooner, J., Mooser, VE., Vollenweider, P., Kapur, KA., Chambers, J., Wareham, NJ., Langenberg, C., Frants, R., Willemsvan-vanDijk, K., Oostra, BA., Willems, SM., Lamina, C., Winkler, T., Psaty, BM., Tracy, RP., Brody, J., Chen, I., Viikari, J., Kähönen, M., Pramstaller, PP., Evans, DM., St Pourcain, B., Sattar, N., Wood, A., Bandinelli, S., 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K.L.
Abstract: Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
Published: 2015

5. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution

Author: Shungin, D, Winkler, T, Croteau Chonka, D, Ferreira, T, Locke, A, Mägi, R, Strawbridge, R, Pers, T, Fischer, K, Justice, A, Workalemahu, T, Wu, J, Buchkovich, M, Heard Costa, N, Roman, T, Drong, A, Song, C, Gustafsson, S, Day, F, Esko, T, Fall, T, Kutalik, Z, Luan, J, Randall, J, Scherag, A, Vedantam, S, Wood, A, Chen, J, Fehrmann, R, Karjalainen, J, Kahali, B, Liu, C, Schmidt, E, Absher, D, Amin, N, Anderson, D, Beekman, M, Bragg Gresham, J, Buyske, S, Demirkan, A, Ehret, G, Feitosa, M, Goel, A, Jackson, A, Johnson, T, Kleber, M, Kristiansson, K, Mangino, M, Leach, I, Medina Gomez, C, Palmer, C, Pasko, D, Pechlivanis, S, Peters, M, Prokopenko, I, Stanca'Kova', A, Sung, Y, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, J, Yengo, L, Zhang, W, Albrecht, E, Ärnlöv, J, Arscott, G, Bandinelli, S, Barrett, A, Bellis, C, Bennett, A, Berne, C, Blüher, M, Böhringer, S, Bonnet, F, Böttcher, Y, Bruinenberg, M, Carba, D, Caspersen, I, Clarke, R, Daw, E, Deelen, J, Deelman, E, Delgado, G, Doney, A, Eklund, N, Erdos, M, Estrada, K, Eury, E, Friedrich, N, Garcia, M, Giedraitis, V, Gigante, B, Go, A, Golay, A, Grallert, H, Grammer, T, Gräsler, J, Grewal, J, Groves, C, Haller, T, Hallmans, G, Hartman, C, Hassinen, M, Hayward, C, Heikkilä, K, Herzig, K, Helmer, Q, Hillege, H, Holmen, O, Hunt, S, Isaacs, A, Ittermann, T, James, A, Johansson, I, Juliusdottir, T, Kalafati, I, Kinnunen, L, Koenig, W, Kooner, I, Kratzer, W, Lamina, C, Leander, K, Lee, N, Lichtner, P, Lind, L, Lindström, J, Lobbens, S, Lorentzon, M, Mach, F, Magnusson, P, Mahajan, A, Mcardle, W, Menni, C, Merger, S, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Mills, R, Moayyeri, A, Monda, K, Mooijaart, S, Mühleisen, T, Mulas, A, Müller, G, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nagaraja, R, Nalls, M, Narisu, N, Glorioso, N, Nolte, I, Olden, M, Rayner, N, Renstrom, F, Ried, J, Robertson, N, Rose, L, Sanna, S, Scharnagl, H, Scholtens, S, Sennblad, B, Seufferlein, T, Sitlani, C, Smith, A, Stirrups, K, Stringham, H, Sundström, J, Swertz, M, Swift, A, Syvänen, A, Tayo, B, Thorand, B, Thorleifsson, G, Tomaschitz, A, Troffa, C, Van Oort, F, Verweij, N, Vonk, J, Waite, L, Wennauer, R, Wilsgaard, T, Wojczynski, M, Wong, A, Zhang, Q, Zhao, J, Brennan, E, Choi, M, Eriksson, P, Folkersen, L, Franco Cereceda, A, Gharavi, A, Hedman, A, Hivert, M, Huang, J, Kanoni, S, Karpe, F, Keildson, S, Kiryluk, K, Liang, L, Lifton, R, Ma, B, Mcknight, A, Mcpherson, R, Metspalu, A, Min, J, Moffatt, M, Montgomery, G, Murabito, J, Nicholson, G, Nyholt, D, Olsson, C, Perry, J, Reinmaa, E, Salem, R, Sandholm, N, Schadt, E, Scott, R, Stolk, L, Vallejo, E, Westra, H, Zondervan, K, Amouyel, P, Arveiler, D, Bakker, S, Beilby, J, Bergman, R, Blangero, J, Brown, M, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chines, P, Claudi Boehm, S, Collins, F, Crawford, D, Danesh, J, De Faire, U, De Geus, E, Dörr, M, Erbel, R, Eriksson, J, Farrall, M, Ferrannini, E, Ferrières, J, Forouhi, N, Forrester, T, Franco, O, Gansevoort, R, Gieger, C, Gudnason, V, Haiman, C, Harris, T, Hattersley, A, Heliövaara, M, Hicks, A, Hingorani, A, Hoffmann, W, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Humphries, S, Hyppönen, E, Illig, T, Jarvelin, M, Johansen, B, Jousilahti, P, Jula, A, Kaprio, J, Kee, F, Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, S, Kooner, J, Kooperberg, C, Kovacs, P, Kraja, A, Kumari, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Kuusisto, J, Lakka, T, Langenberg, C, Le Marchand, L, Lehtimäki, T, Lyssenko, V, Männistö, S, Marette, A, Matise, T, Mckenzie, C, Mcknight, B, Musk, A, Möhlenkamp, S, Morris, A, Nelis, M, Ohlsson, C, Oldehinkel, A, Ong, K, Palmer, L, Penninx, B, Peters, A, Pramstaller, P, Raitakari, O, Rankinen, T, Rao, D, Rice, T, Ridker, P, Ritchie, M, Rudan, I, Salomaa, V, Samani, N, Saramies, J, Sarzynski, M, Schwarz, P, Shuldiner, A, Staessen, J, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stolk, R, Strauch, K, Tönjes, A, Tremblay, A, Tremoli, E, Vohl, M, Völker, U, Vollenweider, P, Wilson, J, Witteman, J, Adair, L, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Bornstein, S, Bouchard, C, Cauchi, S, Caulfield, M, Chambers, J, Chasman, D, Cooper, R, Dedoussis, G, Ferrucci, L, Froguel, P, Grabe, H, Hamsten, A, Hui, J, Hveem, K, Jöckel, K, Kivimaki, M, Kuh, D, Laakso, M, Liu, Y, März, W, Munroe, P, Njolstad, I, Oostra, B, Pedersen, N, Perola, M, Pe'Russe, L, Peters, U, Power, C, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Rivadeneira, F, Saaristo, T, Saleheen, D, Sinisalo, J, Slagboom, P, Snieder, H, Spector, T, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Stumvoll, M, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Uusitupa, M, Van Der Harst, P, Veronesi, G, Walker, M, Wareham, N, Watkins, H, Wichmann, H, Abecasis, G, Assimes, T, Berndt, S, Boehnke, M, Borecki, I, Deloukas, P, Franke, L, Frayling, T, Groop, L, Hunter, D, Kaplan, R, O'Connell, J, Qi, L, Schlessinger, D, Strachan, D, Stefansson, K, Van Duijn, C, Willer, C, Visscher, P, Yang, J, Hirschhorn, J, Zillikens, M, Mccarthy, M, Speliotes, E, North, K, Fox, C, Barroso, I, Franks, P, Ingelsson, E, Heid, I, Loos, R, Cupples, L, Lindgren, C, Mohlke, K, Dastani, Z, Timpson, N, Yuan, X, Henneman, P, Kizer, J, Lyytikainen, L, Fuchsberger, C, Small, K, Coassin, S, Lohman, K, Pankow, J, Uh, H, Wu, Y, Bidulescu, A, Rasmussen Torvik, L, Greenwood, C, Ladouceur, M, Grimsby, J, Manning, A, Mooser, V, Kapur, K, Frants, R, Willemsvan vanDijk, K, Willems, S, Psaty, B, Tracy, R, Brody, J, Chen, I, Viikari, J, Kähönen, M, Evans, D, St Pourcain, B, Sattar, N, Carlson, O, Egan, J, van Heemst, D, Kedenko, L, Nuotio, M, Loo, B, Kanaya, A, Haun, M, Klopp, N, Katsareli, E, Couper, D, Duncan, B, Kloppenburg, M, Borja, J, Musani, S, Guo, X, Semple, R, Teslovich, T, Allison, M, Redline, S, Buxbaum, S, Meulenbelt, I, Ballantyne, C, Hu, F, Paulweber, B, Florez, J, Smith, G, Siscovick, D, Kronenberg, F, van Duijn, C, Waterworth, D, Meigs, J, Dupuis, J, Richards, J, Willenborg, C, Thompson, J, Erdmann, J, Goldstein, B, König, I, Cazier, J, Johansson, Å, Hall, A, Lee, J, Grundberg, E, Havulinna, A, Ho, W, Hopewell, J, Eriksson, N, Lundmark, P, Lyytikäinen, L, Rafelt, S, Tikkanen, E, Van Zuydam, N, Voight, B, Ziegler, A, Altshuler, D, Balmforth, A, Braund, P, Burgdorf, C, Cox, D, Dimitriou, M, Do, R, El Mokhtari, N, Fontanillas, P, Hager, J, Han, B, Kang, H, Kessler, T, Knowles, J, Kolovou, G, Langford, C, Lokki, M, Lundmark, A, Meisinger, C, Melander, O, Maouche, S, Nikus, K, Peden, J, Rasheed, A, Rosinger, S, Rubin, D, Rumpf, M, Schäfer, A, Sivananthan, M, Stewart, A, Tan, S, Thorgeirsson, G, van der Schoot, C, Wagner, P, Wells, G, Wild, P, Yang, T, Basart, H, Boerwinkle, E, Brambilla, P, Cambien, F, Cupples, A, de Faire, U, Dehghan, A, Diemert, P, Epstein, S, Evans, A, Ferrario, M, Gauguier, D, Goodall, A, Hazen, S, Holm, H, Iribarren, C, Jang, Y, Kim, H, Laaksonen, R, Ouwehand, W, Parish, S, Park, J, Rader, D, Shah, S, Stark, K, Trégouët, D, Virtamo, J, Wallentin, L, Zimmermann, M, Nieminen, M, Hengstenberg, C, Sandhu, M, Pastinen, T, Hovingh, G, Zalloua, P, Siegbahn, A, Schreiber, S, Ripatti, S, Blankenberg, S, O'Donnell, C, Reilly, M, Collins, R, Kathiresan, S, Roberts, R, Schunkert, H, Pattaro, C, Köttgen, A, Garnaas, M, Böger, C, Chen, M, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, X, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, M, O'Seaghdha, C, Glazer, N, Struchalin, M, Li, G, Johnson, A, Gierman, H, Hwang, S, Atkinson, E, Cornelis, M, Chouraki, V, Holliday, E, Sorice, R, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, A, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Launer, L, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, B, Schmidt, H, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, de Andrade, M, Turner, S, Ding, J, Andrews, J, Freedman, B, Döring, A, Kolcic, I, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, H, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, S, Wright, A, Ellinghaus, D, Nöthlings, U, Jacobs, G, Biffar, R, Endlich, K, Ernst, F, Kroemer, H, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Völzke, H, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, J, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Krämer, B, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, B, Adam, M, Thun, G, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, S, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Jukema, J, Probst Hensch, N, Toniolo, D, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Kardia, S, Curhan, G, Gyllensten, U, Franke, A, Rettig, R, Parsa, A, Goessling, W, Kao, W, de Boer, I, Peralta, C, Akylbekova, E, Kramer, H, van der Harst, P, Arking, D, Franceschini, N, Hernandez, D, Townsend, R, Lumley, T, Kestenbaum, B, Haritunians, T, Waeber, G, Lu, X, Leak, T, Aasarød, K, Skorpen, F, Baumert, J, Devuyst, O, Mychaleckyj, J, Hallan, S, Navis, G, Shlipak, M, Bull, S, Paterson, A, Rotter, J, Beckmann, J, Dreisbach, A, Styrkarsdottir, U, Evangelou, E, Hsu, Y, Duncan, E, Ntzani, E, Oei, L, Albagha, O, Kemp, J, Koller, D, Minster, R, Vandenput, L, Willner, D, Xiao, S, Yerges Armstrong, L, Zheng, H, Alonso, N, Kammerer, C, Kaptoge, S, Leo, P, Wilson, S, Aalto, V, Alen, M, Aragaki, A, Center, J, Dailiana, Z, Duggan, D, Garcia Giralt, N, Giroux, S, Hocking, L, Husted, L, Jameson, K, Khusainova, R, Kim, G, Koromila, T, Kruk, M, Laaksonen, M, Lacroix, A, Lee, S, Leung, P, Lewis, J, Masi, L, Mencej Bedrac, S, Nguyen, T, Nogues, X, Patel, M, Prezelj, J, Scollen, S, Siggeirsdottir, K, Svensson, O, Trummer, O, van Schoor, N, Woo, J, Zhu, K, Balcells, S, Brandi, M, Cheng, S, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Frost, M, Goltzman, D, González Macías, J, Karlsson, M, Khusnutdinova, E, Koh, J, Kollia, P, Langdahl, B, Leslie, W, Lips, P, Ljunggren, Ö, Lorenc, R, Marc, J, Mellström, D, Obermayer Pietsch, B, Olmos, J, Pettersson Kymmer, U, Reid, D, Riancho, J, Rousseau, F, Tang, N, Urreizti, R, Van Hul, W, Zarrabeitia, M, Castano Betancourt, M, Herrera, L, Ingvarsson, T, Johannsdottir, H, Kwan, T, Li, R, Luben, R, Medina Gómez, C, Palsson, S, Reppe, S, Sigurdsson, G, van Meurs, J, Verlaan, D, Williams, F, Zhou, Y, Gautvik, K, Raychaudhuri, S, Cauley, J, Clark, G, Cummings, S, Danoy, P, Dennison, E, Eastell, R, Eisman, J, Jackson, R, Jones, G, Khaw, K, Mccloskey, E, Nandakumar, K, Peacock, M, Pols, H, Prince, R, Reid, I, Robbins, J, Sambrook, P, Sham, P, Tylavsky, F, Econs, M, Kung, A, Reeve, J, Streeten, E, Karasik, D, Ralston, S, Ioannidis, J, Kiel, D, Forsblom, C, Isakova, T, Mckay, G, Williams, W, Sadlier, D, Mäkinen, V, Swan, E, Boright, A, Ahlqvist, E, Keller, B, Huang, H, Ahola, A, Fagerholm, E, Gordin, D, Harjutsalo, V, He, B, Heikkilä, O, Hietala, K, Kytö, J, Lahermo, P, Lehto, M, Österholm, A, Parkkonen, M, Pitkäniemi, J, Rosengård Bärlund, M, Saraheimo, M, Sarti, C, Söderlund, J, Soro Paavonen, A, Syreeni, A, Thorn, L, Tikkanen, H, Tolonen, N, Tryggvason, K, Wadén, J, Gill, G, Prior, S, Guiducci, C, Mirel, D, Taylor, A, Hosseini, M, Parving, H, Rossing, P, Tarnow, L, Ladenvall, C, Alhenc Gelas, F, Lefebvre, P, Rigalleau, V, Roussel, R, Tregouet, D, Maestroni, A, Maestroni, S, Falhammar, H, Gu, T, Möllsten, A, Cimponeriu, D, Mihai, I, Mota, M, Mota, E, Serafinceanu, C, Stavarachi, M, Hanson, R, Nelson, R, Kretzler, M, Panduru, N, Gu, H, Brismar, K, Zerbini, G, Hadjadj, S, Marre, M, Lajer, M, Waggott, D, Savage, D, Bain, S, Martin, F, Godson, C, Groop, P, Maxwell, A, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Ganna, A, Mora, S, Chang, H, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Li, X, Montasser, M, Petersen, A, Saxena, R, Service, S, Sidore, C, Surakka, I, Van den Herik, E, Volcik, K, Asiki, G, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Elliott, P, Eyjolfsson, G, Goodarzi, M, Gravito, M, Hartikainen, A, Hung, Y, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Kim, E, Komulainen, P, Lin, S, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Ruokonen, A, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stančáková, A, Tiret, L, van Pelt, L, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Willemsen, G, Young, E, Bennett, F, Boomsma, D, Bovet, P, Chen, Y, Feranil, A, Freimer, N, Hsiung, C, Järvelin, M, Kesäniemi, A, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kyvik, K, Martin, N, Meneton, P, Moilanen, L, Njølstad, I, Price, J, Sanghera, D, Sheu, W, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Rich, S, Johnson, L, Larson, M, Levy, D, Newton Cheh, C, O'Reilly, P, Palmas, W, Rice, K, Snider, H, Tobin, M, Verwoert, G, Pihur, V, Heath, S, Sõber, S, Arora, P, Zhang, F, Lucas, G, Milaneschi, Y, Parker, A, Fava, C, Fox, E, Go, M, Sjögren, M, Vinay, D, Alexander, M, Tabara, Y, Shaw Hawkins, S, Whincup, P, Shi, G, Seielstad, M, Sim, X, Nguyen, K, Matullo, G, Gaunt, T, Onland Moret, N, Cooper, M, Platou, C, Org, E, Hardy, R, Dahgam, S, Palmen, J, Kuznetsova, T, Uiterwaal, C, Adeyemo, A, Ludwig, B, Tomaszewski, M, Tzoulaki, I, Palmer, N, Chang, Y, Steinle, N, Grobbee, D, Morrison, A, Najjar, S, Hadley, D, Connell, J, Day, I, Lawlor, D, Lawrence, R, Ongen, H, Li, Y, Young, J, Bis, J, Chaturvedi, N, Islam, M, Jafar, T, Kulkarni, S, Grässler, J, Howard, P, Guarrera, S, Ricceri, F, Emilsson, V, Plump, A, Weder, A, Sun, Y, Scott, L, Peltonen, L, Vartiainen, E, Brand, S, Wang, T, Burton, P, Artigas, M, Dong, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, H, Rudock, M, Heckbert, S, Smith, N, Wiggins, K, Doumatey, A, Shriner, D, Veldre, G, Viigimaa, M, Kinra, S, Prabhakaran, D, Tripathy, V, Langefeld, C, Rosengren, A, Thelle, D, Corsi, A, Singleton, A, Hilton, G, Salako, T, Iwai, N, Kita, Y, Ogihara, T, Ohkubo, T, Okamura, T, Ueshima, H, Umemura, S, Eyheramendy, S, Meitinger, T, Cho, Y, Scott, J, Sehmi, J, Hedblad, B, Nilsson, P, Stanèáková, A, Raffel, L, Yao, J, Schwartz, S, Ikram, M, Longstreth W., J, Mosley, T, Seshadri, S, Shrine, N, Wain, L, Morken, M, Laitinen, J, Zitting, P, Cooper, J, van Gilst, W, Janipalli, C, Mani, K, Yajnik, C, Mattace Raso, F, Lakatta, E, Orru, M, Scuteri, A, Ala Korpela, M, Kangas, A, Soininen, P, Tukiainen, T, Würtz, P, Ong, R, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Lathrop, M, Zelenika, D, Zhai, G, Meschia, J, Sharma, P, Terzic, J, Kumar, M, Denniff, M, Zukowska Szczechowska, E, Wagenknecht, L, Fowkes, F, Charchar, F, Rotimi, C, Bots, M, Brand, E, Talmud, P, Nyberg, F, Laan, M, van der Schouw, Y, Casas, J, Vineis, P, Ganesh, S, Wong, T, Tai, E, Morris, R, Dominiczak, A, Marmot, M, Miki, T, Chandak, G, Zhu, X, Elosua, R, Soranzo, N, Sijbrands, E, Uda, M, Vasan, R, Anderson, C, Gordon, S, Guo, Q, Henders, A, Lambert, A, Kraft, P, Kennedy, S, Macgregor, S, Missmer, S, Painter, J, Roseman, F, Treloar, S, Wallace, L, Alizadeh, B, de Boer, R, Boezen, H, van der Klauw, M, Ormel, J, Postma, D, Rosmalen, J, Slaets, J, Lagou, V, Welch, R, Wheeler, E, Rehnberg, E, Lecoeur, C, Johnson, P, Hottenga, J, Salo, P, Bielak, L, Zhao, W, Horikoshi, M, Navarro, P, Chen, H, Rybin, D, Song, K, An, P, Marullo, L, Jansen, H, Edkins, S, Varga, T, Oksa, H, Antonella, M, Kong, A, Herder, C, Antti, J, Miljkovic, I, Atalay, M, Kiess, W, Smit, J, Campbell, S, Fowkes, G, Rathmann, W, Maerz, W, Watanabe, R, de Geus, E, Toenjes, A, Peyser, P, Körner, A, Cucca, F, Balkau, B, Bouatia Naji, N, Ahmadi, K, Ainali, C, Bataille, V, Bell, J, Buil, A, Dermitzakis, E, Dimas, A, Durbin, R, Glass, D, Hassanali, N, Hedman, Å, Ingle, C, Knowles, D, Krestyaninova, M, 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Abstract: Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, we conducted genome-wide association meta-analyses of waist and hip circumference-related traits in up to 224,459 individuals. We identified 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (WHRadjBMI) and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P<5×10-8). Twenty of the 49 WHRadjBMI loci showed significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which displayed a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation, and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
Published: 2015

6. Genome-Wide Association and Functional Follow-Up Reveals New Loci for Kidney Function

Author: Pattaro, C, Kottgen, A, Teumer, A, Garnaas, M, Boger, CA, Fuchsberger, C, Olden, M, Chen, MH, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, XY, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, MC, O'Seaghdha, CM, Glazer, N, Isaacs, Aaron, Liu, CT, Smith, AV, O'Connell, JR, Struchalin, M, Tanaka, T, Li, G (Guo), Johnson, AD, Gierman, HJ, Feitosa, M, Hwang, SJ, Atkinson, EJ, Lohman, K, Cornelis, MC, Johansson, A, Tonjes, A, Dehghan, Abbas, Chouraki, V, Holliday, EG, Sorice, R, Kutalik, Z, Lehtimaki, T, Esko, T, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, AY, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Harris, TB, Launer, LJ (Lenore), Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, BD, Boerwinkle, E, Schmidt, Heléna, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, Hu, FB, Demirkan, Ayse, Oostra, Ben, de Andrade, M, Turner, ST, Ding, JZ (Jing Zhong), Andrews, JS, Freedman, BI, Koenig, W, Illig, T, Doring, A, Wichmann, HE, Kolcic, I, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, HE, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, SH, Wright, AF, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Nothlings, U, Jacobs, Gunar, Biffar, R, Endlich, K, Ernst, F, Homuth, G, Kroemer, HK, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Volker, U, Volzke, H, Kovacs, P, Stumvoll, M, Magi, R, Hofman, Bert, Uitterlinden, André, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Aulchenko, YS, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, JJ, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Kahonen, M, Viikari, J, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Doney, A, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Kramer, BK, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, BM, Adam, M, Thun, GA, Paulweber, B, Haun, M, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, SK, Vollenweider, P, Raitakari, O, Metspalu, A, Palmer, C, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Jukema, JW, Probst-Hensch, NM, Kronenberg, F, Toniolo, D, Gudnason, V, Shuldiner, AR, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Ferrucci, L, Siscovick, DS, Duijn, Cornelia, Borecki, I, Kardia, SLR, Liu, YM, Curhan, GC, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, JF, Franke, A, Pramstaller, PP, Rettig, R, Prokopenko, I, Witteman, JCM, Hayward, C, Ridker, P, Parsa, A, Bochud, M, Heid, IM, Goessling, W, Chasman, DI, Kao, WHL, Fox, CS, Pattaro, C, Kottgen, A, Teumer, A, Garnaas, M, Boger, CA, Fuchsberger, C, Olden, M, Chen, MH, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, XY, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, MC, O'Seaghdha, CM, Glazer, N, Isaacs, Aaron, Liu, CT, Smith, AV, O'Connell, JR, Struchalin, M, Tanaka, T, Li, G (Guo), Johnson, AD, Gierman, HJ, Feitosa, M, Hwang, SJ, Atkinson, EJ, Lohman, K, Cornelis, MC, Johansson, A, Tonjes, A, Dehghan, Abbas, Chouraki, V, Holliday, EG, Sorice, R, Kutalik, Z, Lehtimaki, T, Esko, T, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, AY, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Harris, TB, Launer, LJ (Lenore), Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, BD, Boerwinkle, E, Schmidt, Heléna, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, Hu, FB, Demirkan, Ayse, Oostra, Ben, de Andrade, M, Turner, ST, Ding, JZ (Jing Zhong), Andrews, JS, Freedman, BI, Koenig, W, Illig, T, Doring, A, Wichmann, HE, Kolcic, I, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, HE, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, SH, Wright, AF, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Nothlings, U, Jacobs, Gunar, Biffar, R, Endlich, K, Ernst, F, Homuth, G, Kroemer, HK, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Volker, U, Volzke, H, Kovacs, P, Stumvoll, M, Magi, R, Hofman, Bert, Uitterlinden, André, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Aulchenko, YS, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, JJ, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Kahonen, M, Viikari, J, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Doney, A, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Kramer, BK, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, BM, Adam, M, Thun, GA, Paulweber, B, Haun, M, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, SK, Vollenweider, P, Raitakari, O, Metspalu, A, Palmer, C, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Jukema, JW, Probst-Hensch, NM, Kronenberg, F, Toniolo, D, Gudnason, V, Shuldiner, AR, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Ferrucci, L, Siscovick, DS, Duijn, Cornelia, Borecki, I, Kardia, SLR, Liu, YM, Curhan, GC, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, JF, Franke, A, Pramstaller, PP, Rettig, R, Prokopenko, I, Witteman, JCM, Hayward, C, Ridker, P, Parsa, A, Bochud, M, Heid, IM, Goessling, W, Chasman, DI, Kao, WHL, and Fox, CS
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem with a genetic component. We performed genomewide association studies in up to 130,600 European ancestry participants overall, and stratified for key CKD risk factors. We uncovered 6 new loci in association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the primary clinical measure of CKD, in or near MPPED2, DDX1, SLC47A1, CDK12, CASP9, and INO80. Morpholino knockdown of mpped2 and casp9 in zebrafish embryos revealed podocyte and tubular abnormalities with altered dextran clearance, suggesting a role for these genes in renal function. By providing new insights into genes that regulate renal function, these results could further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CKD.
Published: 2012

7. Serum levels and genotype distribution of [alpha]1-antitrypsin in the general population.

Author: Ferrarotti I, Thun GA, Zorzetto M, Ottaviani S, Imboden M, Schindler C, von Eckardstein A, Rohrer L, Rochat T, Russi EW, Probst-Hensch NM, and Luisetti M
Published: 2012

8. Integration of genome-wide association studies with biological knowledge identifies six novel genes related to kidney function

Author: W. H. Linda Kao, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Florian Ernst, Paul Mitchell, Christa Meisinger, Florian Kronenberg, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Paul M. Ridker, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jeanette S. Andrews, Ming-Huei Chen, Frank B. Hu, Jean-Charles Lambert, Mario Pirastu, Ozren Polasek, Xiaoyi Gao, Sven Bergmann, Catherine Helmer, Wilmar Igl, Jie Jin Wang, Barry I. Freedman, Anke Tönjes, Jacqueline C. M. Witteman, Sheila Ulivi, Conall M. O'Seaghdha, Mika Kähönen, Mariza de Andrade, Daniel I. Chasman, Meredith C. Foster, Rossella Sorice, Mathias Gorski, Eric Boerwinkle, Karlhans Endlich, Maksim Struchalin, Bernhard K. Krämer, Bénédicte Stengel, Caroline Hayward, Giorgio Pistis, Andres Metspalu, Peter Kovacs, Jorma Viikari, Guo Li, Cristian Pattaro, Adrienne Tin, Igor Rudan, Christian Gieger, Mary F. Feitosa, Stephen T. Turner, Gary C. Curhan, Shamika Ketkar, Ian Ford, Peter Vollenweider, Wolfgang Koenig, Madhumathi Rao, Iris M. Heid, Stuart K. Kim, Heather E. Wheeler, Matthias Olden, Hinco J. Gierman, Alex S. F. Doney, Lenore J. Launer, Mladen Boban, Georg Homuth, Paolo Gasparini, Harshal Deshmukh, Henry Völzke, Daniela Ruggiero, Medea Imboden, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Ben A. Oostra, Stefan Coassin, Ute Nöthlings, Marilyn C. Cornelis, David S. Siscovick, Yongmei Liu, Gian Andri Thun, Gunnar Jacobs, Franco Giulianini, Uwe Völker, Tõnu Esko, Alexander Teumer, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Brendan M. Buckley, Heyo K. Kroemer, Albert V. Smith, Ulf Gyllensten, Federico Murgia, Man Li, Harry Campbell, Antonietta Robino, Abbas Dehghan, Inga Prokopenko, Shih-Jen Hwang, Sylvia Stracke, Michael Stumvoll, Alan R. Shuldiner, Christian Fuchsberger, Claudia Hundertmark, Luigi Ferrucci, David Ellinghaus, Laura Portas, Caroline S. Fox, Afshin Parsa, Carsten A. Böger, Toshiko Tanaka, Terho Lehtimäki, Ayse Demirkan, James F. Wilson, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Yurii S. Aulchenko, Murielle Bochud, Helen M. Colhoun, Jingzhong Ding, Nicole L. Glazer, Rainer Rettig, Bernhard Paulweber, Margherita Cavalieri, Andre Franke, Ingrid B. Borecki, Olli T. Raitakari, Josef Coresh, Tamara B. Harris, Sarah H. Wild, Reinhold Schmidt, Ching-Ti Liu, Zoltán Kutalik, André G. Uitterlinden, J. Wouter Jukema, Helena Schmidt, Martin Adam, Audrey Y. Chu, Fernando Rivadeneira, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Braxton D. Mitchell, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Tatijana Zemunik, Andrew D. Johnson, Ghazal Zaboli, Reiner Biffar, Thor Aspelund, Cinzia Sala, Peter P. Pramstaller, Veronique Vitart, Michael A. Province, Anna Köttgen, Nicholas D. Hastie, Daniel Taliun, Marina Ciullo, Cosetta Minelli, Kurt Lohman, Matthias Nauck, Thomas Illig, Alan F. Wright, Albert Hofman, Colin N. A. Palmer, Daniela Toniolo, Qiong Yang, Lina Zgaga, Åsa Johansson, Margot Haun, Stella Trompet, Aaron Isaacs, Reedik Mägi, Tiit Nikopensius, Epidemiology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Clinical Genetics, Internal Medicine, Chasman, Di, Fuchsberger, C, Pattaro, C, Teumer, A, Böger, Ca, Endlich, K, Olden, M, Chen, Mh, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, X, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, Mc, O'Seaghdha, Cm, Glazer, N, Isaacs, A, Liu, Ct, Smith, Av, O'Connell, Jr, Struchalin, M, Tanaka, T, Li, G, Johnson, Ad, Gierman, Hj, Feitosa, Mf, Hwang, Sj, Atkinson, Ej, Lohman, K, Cornelis, Mc, Johansson, A, Tönjes, A, Dehghan, A, Lambert, Jc, Holliday, Eg, Sorice, R, Kutalik, Z, Lehtimäki, T, Esko, T, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, Ay, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Coassin, S, Pistis, G, Cardiogram, Consortium, Icbp, Consortium, the CARe, Consortium, Wtccc2, Harris, Tb, Launer, Lj, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, Bd, Boerwinkle, E, Schmidt, H, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, Hu, F, Demirkan, A, Oostra, Ba, de Andrade, M, Turner, St, Ding, J, Andrews, J, Freedman, Bi, Giulianini, F, Koenig, W, Illig, T, Meisinger, C, Gieger, C, Zgaga, L, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, He, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, Sh, Wright, Af, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Nöthlings, U, Jacobs, G, Biffar, R, Ernst, F, Homuth, G, Kroemer, Hk, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Völker, U, Völzke, H, Kovacs, P, Stumvoll, M, Mägi, R, Hofman, A, Uitterlinden, Ag, Rivadeneira, F, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, Jj, Stengel, B, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Kähönen, M, Viikari, J, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Doney, A, Robino, Antonietta, Krämer, Bk, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, Bm, Adam, M, Thun, Ga, Paulweber, B, Haun, M, Sala, C, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, Sk, Vollenweider, P, Raitakari, O, Metspalu, A, Palmer, C, Gasparini, Paolo, Pirastu, M, Jukema, Jw, Probst Hensch, Nm, Kronenberg, F, Toniolo, D, Gudnason, V, Shuldiner, Ar, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Ferrucci, L, Siscovick, D, van Duijn, Cm, Borecki, Ib, Kardia, Sl, Liu, Y, Curhan, Gc, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, Jf, Franke, A, Pramstaller, Pp, Rettig, R, Prokopenko, I, Witteman, J, Hayward, C, Ridker, Pm, Parsa, A, Bochud, M, Heid, Im, Kao, Wl, Fox, C, and Köttgen, A.
Subjects: Candidate gene, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic/genetics, Genome-wide association study, Gene, Genome, Inhibin-beta Subunits/genetics, GWAS, kidney, eGFR, Genetics (clinical), Inhibin-beta Subunits, Glomerular Filtration Rate/genetics, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Association Studies Articles, 030305 genetics & heredity, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, General Medicine, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2/genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, LRP2, 3. Good health, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome-Wide Association Studies, Humans, SNP, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, Membrane Proteins/genetics, Polymorphism, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association, Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain/genetics, Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Genes, Kidney Function, Membrane Proteins, ta3121, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic, Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic/genetics, Heavy Chain/genetics, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics, Candidate Disease Gene, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: In conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analytical approaches leveraging biological information may further understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical traits. To discover novel associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, we developed a strategy for integrating prior biological knowledge into the existing GWAS data for eGFR from the CKDGen Consortium. Our strategy focuses on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes that are connected by functional evidence, determined by literature mining and gene ontology (GO) hierarchies, to genes near previously validated eGFR associations. It then requires association thresholds consistent with multiple testing, and finally evaluates novel candidates by independent replication. Among the samples of European ancestry, we identified a genome-wide significant SNP in FBXL20 (P = 5.6 × 10(-9)) in meta-analysis of all available data, and additional SNPs at the INHBC, LRP2, PLEKHA1, SLC3A2 and SLC7A6 genes meeting multiple-testing corrected significance for replication and overall P-values of 4.5 × 10(-4)-2.2 × 10(-7). Neither the novel PLEKHA1 nor FBXL20 associations, both further supported by association with eGFR among African Americans and with transcript abundance, would have been implicated by eGFR candidate gene approaches. LRP2, encoding the megalin receptor, was identified through connection with the previously known eGFR gene DAB2 and extends understanding of the megalin system in kidney function. These findings highlight integration of existing genome-wide association data with independent biological knowledge to uncover novel candidate eGFR associations, including candidates lacking known connections to kidney-specific pathways. The strategy may also be applicable to other clinical phenotypes, although more testing will be needed to assess its potential for discovery in general.
Published: 2012

9. Decreased PM10 exposure attenuates age-related lung function decline: genetic variants in p53, p21, and CCND1 modify this effect

Author: Imboden Medea, Schwartz Joel, Schindler Christian, Curjuric Ivan, Berger Wolfgang, Liu Sally L J, Russi Erich W, Ackermann-Liebrich Ursula, Rochat Thierry, Probst-Hensch Nicole M, SAPALDIA Team, SAPALDIA, Team, Ackermann-Liebrich, U., Gaspoz, JM., Leuenberger, P., Liu, LJ., Probst-Hensch, NM., Schindler, C., Rochat, T., Barthélémy, JC., Berger, W., Bettschart, R., Bircher, A., Bolognini, G., Brändli, O., Brutsche, M., Burdet, L., Frey, M., Gerbase, MW., Gold, D., Karrer, W., Keller, R., Knöpfli, B., Künzli, N., Neu, U., Nicod, L., Pons, M., Russi, E., Schmid-Grendelmeyer, P., Schwartz, J., Straehl, P., Tschopp, JM., von Eckardstein, A., Zellweger, JP., Zemp Stutz, E., Bridevaux, PO., Curjuric, I., Dratva, J., Felber Dietrich, D., Keidel, D., Imboden, M., Phuleria, H., Schaffner, E., Thun, GA., University of Zurich, and Probst-Hensch, N M
Subjects: Male, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, air pollution, Air Pollutants/*toxicity, Cohort Studies, 11124 Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Genes, p53, 540 Chemistry, Cyclin D1, Respiratory function, Respiratory system, genes, Lung, 10038 Institute of Clinical Chemistry, ddc:616, Air Pollutants, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, respiratory function tests, Cell cycle, Genetic Variation, Respiratory Function Tests, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, cell cycle, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Air Pollutants/toxicity, Base Sequence, Cyclin D1/genetics, DNA Primers, Humans, Lung/drug effects, Lung/physiology, Particle Size, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics, Population, 610 Medicine & health, Context (language use), Biology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, Internal medicine, 2307 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, cohort study, medicine, education, 030304 developmental biology, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), 2739 Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/*genetics, Cyclin D1/*genetics, Endocrinology, Lung/*drug effects/physiology, 030228 respiratory system, 13. Climate action, Immunology, 570 Life sciences, biology
Abstract: A large body of evidence underscores the adverse effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution on respiratory health (Brunekreef and Forsberg 2005; Gotschi et al. 2008). Among adults in Switzerland, we have previously demonstrated cross-sectionally that residents of more polluted areas have lower lung function (Ackermann-Liebrich et al. 1997). More recently, we presented evidence from the same population-based cohort [Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA)] that decreasing exposure to airborne PM attenuated the average age-related decline in lung function. The associations were strongest for respiratory function tests reflecting small-airway function, namely, FEF25–75 [forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of forced vital capacity (FVC)] (Downs et al. 2007). Similar results from studies following interventions such as building bypasses for congested traffic routes (Burr et al. 2004; Hedley et al. 2002) or banning environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure (Goodman et al. 2007; Menzies et al. 2006) showed that the improvements in air quality were accompanied by a decrease in cardiopulmonary mortality and an improvement in respiratory symptoms and lung function. However, it is still unknown whether all subjects benefit equally from a reduction in air pollution. Variation in genes mediating the pathobiological effect of air pollution in the lung may codetermine the degree to which a person benefits from better air quality. Experimental evidence indicates that PM alters expression of tumor protein gene p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A gene (p21), and the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) and subsequently affects cell proliferation and apoptosis of lung fibroblasts, lymphocytes, and alveolar epithelial cells (Bayram et al. 2006; Dagher et al. 2006; Nyunoya et al. 2006; Rosas Perez et al. 2007; Soberanes et al. 2006). PM is furthermore well known to induce oxidative stress in the airways (Li et al. 2008). In fact, the expression of all three gene candidates, p53, p21, and CCND1, in bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts seems to be regulated in part by redox-dependent mechanisms (Jiao et al. 2008; Ranjan et al. 2006; Yao et al. 2008). The tumor suppressor p53, a nuclear transcription factor, binds to response elements in the promoter region of many genes and plays a pivotal role in apoptosis. It induces up-regulation of the expression of many pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (Oren et al. 2002). CCND1 (cyclin D1) is known to promote cell proliferation through cell cycle G1–S phase transition. The protein p21 (also known as Waf1 or Cip1) is a direct functional counterpart of CCND1 and an important downstream effector of p53 action that negatively regulates cell proliferation. CCND1, p21, and p53 all harbor polymorphisms of hypothesized functional relevance that have been extensively studied in the context of cancer (Choi et al. 2008; Lu et al. 2008; Zhou et al. 2007). In this study, we examined whether these polymorphisms modified the degree to which the age-related FEF25–75 decline was attenuated by reduced exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10).
Published: 2009
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10. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Author: Locke, Adam E, Kahali, Bratati, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, Doney, Alex S F, He, Bing, Heikkilä, Outi, Hietala, Kustaa, Kytö, Janne, Lahermo, Päivi, Lehto, Markku, Österholm, Anne-May, Parkkonen, Maija, Pitkäniemi, Janne, Rosengård-Bärlund, Milla, Eklund, Niina, Saraheimo, Markku, Sarti, Cinzia, Söderlund, Jenny, Soro-Paavonen, Aino, Syreeni, Anna, Thorn, Lena M, Tikkanen, Heikki, Tolonen, Nina, Tryggvason, Karl, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Estrada, Karol, Wadén, Johan, Gill, Geoffrey V, Prior, Sarah, Guiducci, Candace, Mirel, Daniel B, Taylor, Andrew, Hosseini, Mohsen, Parving, Hans-Henrik, Rossing, Peter, Tarnow, Lise, Eury, Elodie, Ladenvall, Claes, Alhenc-Gelas, François, Lefebvre, Pierre, Rigalleau, Vincent, Roussel, Ronan, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Maestroni, Anna, Maestroni, Silvia, Falhammar, Henrik, Gu, Tianwei, Folkersen, Lasse, Möllsten, Anna, Cimponeriu, Dan, Mihai, Ioana, Mota, Maria, Mota, Eugen, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Stavarachi, Monica, Hanson, Robert L, Nelson, Robert G, Kretzler, Matthias, Fraser, Ross M, Colhoun, Helen M, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Gu, Harvest F, Brismar, Kerstin, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Hadjadj, Samy, Marre, Michel, Groop, Leif, Lajer, Maria, Bull, Shelley B, Garcia, Melissa E, Waggott, Daryl, Paterson, Andrew D, Savage, David A, Bain, Stephen C, Martin, Finian, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Godson, Catherine, Florez, Jose C, Groop, Per-Henrik, Maxwell, Alexander P, Geller, Frank, Willer, Cristen J, Schmidt, Ellen M, Sengupta, Sebanti, Peloso, Gina M, Gustafsson, Stefan, Kanoni, Stavroula, Ganna, Andrea, Chen, Jin, Buchkovich, Martin L, Mora, Samia, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Beckmann, Jacques S, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, Chang, Hsing-Y, Demirkan, Ayşe, Den Hertog, Heleen M, Do, Ron, Donnelly, Louise A, Ehret, Georg B, Esko, Tõnu, Feitosa, Mary F, Gigante, Bruna, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Fontanillas, Pierre, Freitag, Daniel F, Gurdasani, Deepti, Heikkilä, Kauko, Hyppönen, Elina, Isaacs, Aaron, Jackson, Anne U, Esko, Tonu, Go, Alan S, Johansson, Åsa, Johnson, Toby, Kaakinen, Marika, Kettunen, Johannes, Kleber, Marcus E, Li, Xiaohui, Luan, Jian'an, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Mangino, Massimo, Golay, Alain, Mihailov, Evelin, Montasser, May E, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Nolte, Ilja M, O'Connell, Jeffrey R, Palmer, Cameron D, Perola, Markus, Petersen, Ann-Kristin, Sanna, Serena, Saxena, Richa, Goodall, Alison H, Service, Susan K, Shah, Sonia, Shungin, Dmitry, Sidore, Carlo, Song, Ci, Strawbridge, Rona J, Surakka, Ida, Tanaka, Toshiko, Teslovich, Tanya M, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Gordon, Scott D, Van den Herik, Evita G, Voight, Benjamin F, Volcik, Kelly A, Waite, Lindsay L, Wong, Andrew, Wu, Ying, Zhang, Weihua, Absher, Devin, Asiki, Gershim, Barroso, Inês, Gorski, Mathias, Been, Latonya F, Bolton, Jennifer L, Bonnycastle, Lori L, Brambilla, Paolo, Burnett, Mary S, Cesana, Giancarlo, Dimitriou, Maria, Doring, Angela, Elliott, Paul, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Epstein, Stephen E, Eyjolfsson, Gudmundur Ingi, Goodarzi, Mark O, Grallert, Harald, Gravito, Martha L, Groves, Christopher J, Hallmans, Göran, Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hayward, Caroline, Hernandez, Dena, Hicks, Andrew A, Holm, Hilma, Hung, Yi-Jen, Illig, Thomas, Jones, Michelle R, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kastelein, John J P, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kim, Eric, Grammer, Tanja B, Klopp, Norman, Komulainen, Pirjo, Kumari, Meena, Langenberg, Claudia, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lin, Shih-Yi, Lindstrom, Jaana, Loos, Ruth J F, Mach, François, McArdle, Wendy L, Gräßler, Jürgen, Meisinger, Christa, Mitchell, Braxton D, Muller, Gabrielle, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Narisu, Narisu, Nieminen, Tuomo V M, Nsubuga, Rebecca N, Olafsson, Isleifur, Ong, Ken K, Palotie, Aarno, Grönberg, Henrik, Papamarkou, Theodore, Pomilla, Cristina, Pouta, Anneli, Rader, Daniel J, Reilly, Muredach P, Ridker, Paul M, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Rudan, Igor, Ruokonen, Aimo, Samani, Nilesh, Fall, Tove, Scharnagl, Hubert, Seeley, Janet, Silander, Kaisa, Stančáková, Alena, Stirrups, Kathleen, Swift, Amy J, 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EN., Warrington, NM., Alavere, H., Barroso, I., Berenson, GS., Blackburn, H., Busonero, F., Chen, W., Couper, D., Easton, DF., Eriksson, J., Foroud, T., Geller, F., Hernandez, DG., Kilpeläinen, TO., Li, S., Melbye, M., Murray, JC., Murray, SS., Nelis, M., Ness, AR., Northstone, K., Peacock, M., Pennell, CE., Pharoah, P., Rafnar, T., Rice, JP., Ring, SM., Schork, NJ., Segrè, AV., Sovio, U., Srinivasan, SR., Tammesoo, ML., Tyrer, J., van Meurs JB., Weedon, MN., Wichmann, H., Young, L., Bierut, LJ., Boyd, HA., Econs, MJ., Van T'Hooft, Ferdinand M., Njølstad, Inger, Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Barroso, Inɥ, The MIGEN Consortium, Investigator, Casari, GIORGIO NEVIO, Other departments, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Landsteiner Laboratory, Clinical Haematology, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Life 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Investigators, The MuTHER Consortium, The MIGen Consortium, The PAGE Consortium, The ReproGen Consortium, The GENIE Consortium, The International Endogene Consortium, Berndt, Sonja I, Justice, Anne E, Hyppönen, Elina Tuulikki, Epidemiology and Data Science, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
Subjects: Male, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, Continental Population Groups/genetics, VARIANTS, Body Mass Index, Insulin Secretion, Insulin, Age Factor, Adiposity, ddc:616, Adipogenesis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Synapse, 3. Good health, Continental Population Group, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATIONPROVIDES INSIGHTSGLYCEMIC TRAITSLOCIMETAANALYSISVARIANTSINDIVIDUALSHIPPOCAMPALARCHITECTURETOPIRAMATE, ddc:500, Adipogenesis/genetics, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Age Factors, Continental Population Groups, Energy Metabolism, Europe, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glutamic Acid, Humans, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Synapses, Genome-Wide Association Study, Multidisciplinary, genetics [Adiposity], Human, Socio-culturale, genetics [Energy Metabolism], ta3111, genetic, body mass index, obesity, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, GLYCEMIC TRAITS, genetics [Continental Population Groups], Genetic variability, Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, genetics [Adipogenesis], METAANALYSIS, Genetic association, Adipogenesi, genetics [Quantitative Trait Loci], ta1184, metabolism [Glutamic Acid], ta1182, PATHWAYS, metabolism [Synapses], ta3121, medicine.disease, metabolism [Insulin], Adiposity/genetics, Clinical Medicine, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, Body mass index, HUMAN HEIGHT, BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, Synapses/metabolism, Medizin, Obesity/genetics, Bioinformatics, genetic basis, Obesity/metabolism, genetics [Obesity], body mass index (BMI), genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], ethnology [Europe], 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, ARCHITECTURE, Genetics of obesity, Medicine (all), Single Nucleotide, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Insulin/metabolism/secretion, Glutamic Acid/metabolism, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], EXPRESSION, Insulin/metabolism, PROVIDES INSIGHTS, genetics [Racial Groups], Biology, Obesity/genetics/metabolism, Europe/ethnology, metabolism [Obesity], Mendelian randomization, medicine, Energy Metabolism/genetics, body mass, genetic analysis, obesity, Klinisk medicin
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for approximately 2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.
Published: 2015
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11. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution

Author: Shungin, Dmitry, Winkler, Thomas W, Workalemahu, Tsegaselassie, Hartman, Catharina A, Duncan, Emma L, Ntzani, Evangelia E, Oei, Ling, Albagha, Omar M E, Amin, Najaf, Kemp, John P, Koller, Daniel L, Li, Guo, Liu, Ching-Ti, Minster, Ryan L, Hassinen, Maija, Moayyeri, Alireza, Vandenput, Liesbeth, Willner, Dana, Xiao, Su-Mei, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Zheng, Hou-Feng, Alonso, Nerea, Eriksson, Joel, Kammerer, Candace M, Kaptoge, Stephen K, Hayward, Caroline, Leo, Paul J, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Wilson, Scott G, Wilson, James F, Aalto, Ville, Alen, Markku, Aragaki, Aaron K, Aspelund, Thor, Center, Jacqueline R, Dailiana, Zoe, Heikkilä, Kauko, Duggan, David J, Garcia, Melissa, Garcia-Giralt, Natàlia, Giroux, Sylvie, Hallmans, Göran, Hocking, Lynne J, Husted, Lise Bjerre, Jameson, Karen A, Khusainova, Rita, Kim, Ghi Su, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Kooperberg, Charles, Koromila, Theodora, Kruk, Marcin, Laaksonen, Marika, Lacroix, Andrea Z, Lee, Seung Hun, Leung, Ping C, Lewis, Joshua R, Masi, Laura, Mencej-Bedrac, Simona, Helmer, Quinta, Nguyen, Tuan V, Nogues, Xavier, Patel, Millan S, Prezelj, Janez, Rose, Lynda M, Scollen, Serena, Siggeirsdottir, Kristin, Smith, Albert V, Svensson, Olle, Trompet, Stella, Hillege, Hans L, Trummer, Olivia, van Schoor, Natasja M, Woo, Jean, Zhu, Kun, Balcells, Susana, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Buckley, Brendan M, Cheng, Sulin, Christiansen, Claus, Cooper, Cyrus, Holmen, Oddgeir, Dedoussis, George, Ford, Ian, Frost, Morten, Goltzman, David, González-Macías, Jesús, Kähönen, Mika, Karlsson, Magnus, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Koh, Jung-Min, Kollia, Panagoula, Hunt, Steven C, Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Leslie, William D, Lips, Paul, Ljunggren, Östen, Lorenc, Roman S, Marc, Janja, Mellström, Dan, Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Olmos, José M, Pettersson-Kymmer, Ulrika, Isaacs, Aaron, Reid, David M, Riancho, José A, Ridker, Paul M, Rousseau, François, Slagboom, P Eline, Tang, Nelson L S, Urreizti, Roser, Van Hul, Wim, Viikari, Jorma, Zarrabeitia, María T, Wu, Joseph M W, Ittermann, Till, Aulchenko, Yurii S, Castano-Betancourt, Martha, Grundberg, Elin, Herrera, Lizbeth, Ingvarsson, Thorvaldur, Johannsdottir, Hrefna, Kwan, Tony, Li, Rui, Luben, Robert, Medina-Gómez, Carolina, James, Alan L, Palsson, Stefan Th, Reppe, Sjur, Rotter, Jerome I, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, van Meurs, Joyce B J, Verlaan, Dominique, Williams, Frances M K, Wood, Andrew R, Zhou, Yanhua, Gautvik, Kaare M, Johansson, Ingegerd, Pastinen, Tomi, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Cauley, Jane A, Chasman, Daniel I, Clark, Graeme R, Cummings, Steven R, Danoy, Patrick, Dennison, Elaine M, Eastell, Richard, Eisman, John A, Juliusdottir, Thorhildur, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hofman, Albert, Jackson, Rebecca D, Jones, Graeme, Jukema, J Wouter, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Liu, Yongmei, Lorentzon, Mattias, McCloskey, Eugene, Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota, Mitchell, Braxton D, Nandakumar, Kannabiran, Nicholson, Geoffrey C, Oostra, Ben A, Peacock, Munro, Pols, Huibert A P, Prince, Richard L, Raitakari, Olli, Reid, Ian R, Robbins, John, Kinnunen, Leena, Sambrook, Philip N, Sham, Pak Chung, Shuldiner, Alan R, Tylavsky, Frances A, van Duijn, Cornelia M, Wareham, Nick J, Cupples, L Adrienne, Econs, Michael J, Evans, David M, Harris, Tamara B, Koenig, Wolfgang, Kung, Annie Wai Chee, Psaty, Bruce M, Reeve, Jonathan, Spector, Timothy D, Streeten, Elizabeth A, Zillikens, M Carola, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Ohlsson, Claes, Karasik, David, Richards, J Brent, Kooner, Ishminder K, Brown, Matthew A, Stefansson, Kari, Uitterlinden, André G, Ralston, Stuart H, Ioannidis, John P A, Kiel, Douglas P, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Sandholm, Niina, Salem, Rany M, McKnight, Amy Jayne, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Brennan, Eoin P, Forsblom, Carol, Isakova, Tamara, McKay, Gareth J, Williams, Winfred W, Sadlier, Denise M, Mäkinen, Ville-Petteri, Swan, Elizabeth J, Palmer, Cameron, Boright, Andrew P, Lamina, Claudia, Ahlqvist, Emma, Deshmukh, Harshal A, Keller, Benjamin J, Huang, Huateng, Ahola, Aila, Fagerholm, Emma, Gordin, Daniel, Harjutsalo, Valma, He, Bing, Heikkilä, Outi, Buchkovich, Martin L, Leander, Karin, Hietala, Kustaa, Kytö, Janne, Lahermo, Päivi, Lehto, Markku, Österholm, Anne-May, Parkkonen, Maija, Pitkäniemi, Janne, Rosengård-Bärlund, Milla, Saraheimo, Markku, Sarti, Cinzia, Lee, Nanette R, Söderlund, Jenny, Soro-Paavonen, Aino, Syreeni, Anna, Thorn, Lena M, Tikkanen, Heikki, Tolonen, Nina, Tryggvason, Karl, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Wadén, Johan, Gill, Geoffrey V, Lichtner, Peter, Prior, Sarah, Guiducci, Candace, Mirel, Daniel B, Taylor, Andrew, Hosseini, Mohsen, Parving, Hans-Henrik, Rossing, Peter, Tarnow, Lise, Ladenvall, Claes, Alhenc-Gelas, François, Lind, Lars, Lefebvre, Pierre, Rigalleau, Vincent, Roussel, Ronan, Tregouet, David-Alexandre, Maestroni, Anna, Maestroni, Silvia, Falhammar, Henrik, Gu, Tianwei, Möllsten, Anna, Cimponeriu, Dan, Lindström, Jaana, Mihai, Ioana, Mota, Maria, Mota, Eugen, Serafinceanu, Cristian, Stavarachi, Monica, Hanson, Robert L, Nelson, Robert G, Kretzler, Matthias, Colhoun, Helen M, Panduru, Nicolae Mircea, Lobbens, Stéphane, Gu, Harvest F, Brismar, Kerstin, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Hadjadj, Samy, Marre, Michel, Groop, Leif, Lajer, Maria, Bull, Shelley B, Waggott, Daryl, Paterson, Andrew D, Savage, David A, Bain, Stephen C, Martin, Finian, Hirschhorn, Joel N, Godson, Catherine, Florez, Jose C, Groop, Per-Henrik, Maxwell, Alexander P, Willer, Cristen J, Schmidt, Ellen M, Mach, François, Sengupta, Sebanti, Peloso, Gina M, Gustafsson, Stefan, Kanoni, Stavroula, Ganna, Andrea, Chen, Jin, Mora, Samia, Beckmann, Jacques S, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L, Magnusson, Patrik Ke, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Demirkan, Ayşe, Den Hertog, Heleen M, Do, Ron, Donnelly, Louise A, Ehret, Georg B, Esko, Tõnu, Feitosa, Mary F, Ferreira, Teresa, Fischer, Krista, Mahajan, Anubha, Fontanillas, Pierre, Fraser, Ross M, Freitag, Daniel F, Gurdasani, Deepti, Hyppönen, Elina, Jackson, Anne U, Johansson, Åsa, Johnson, Toby, Heard-Costa, Nancy L, McArdle, Wendy L, Kaakinen, Marika, 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Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Hernandez, Dena, Hicks, Andrew A, Holm, Hilma, Hung, Yi-Jen, Illig, Thomas, Jones, Michelle R, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kastelein, John J P, Kim, Eric, Klopp, Norman, Komulainen, Pirjo, Monda, Keri L, Kumari, Meena, Langenberg, Claudia, Lin, Shih-Yi, Loos, Ruth J F, Meisinger, Christa, Mooijaart, Simon P, Müller, Gabrielle, Nagaraja, Ramaiah, Narisu, Narisu, Nieminen, Tuomo V M, Nsubuga, Rebecca N, Olafsson, Isleifur, Ong, Ken K, Palotie, Aarno, Papamarkou, Theodore, Pomilla, Cristina, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Pouta, Anneli, Rader, Daniel J, Reilly, Muredach P, Rudan, Igor, Ruokonen, Aimo, Samani, Nilesh, Scharnagl, Hubert, Seeley, Janet, Roman, Tamara S, Mulas, Antonella, Silander, Kaisa, Stančáková, Alena, Stirrups, Kathleen, Swift, Amy J, Tiret, Laurence, Uitterlinden, Andre G, van Pelt, L Joost, Vedantam, Sailaja, Wainwright, Nicholas, Wijmenga, Cisca, Müller, Gabriele, Wild, Sarah H, Willemsen, Gonneke, Wilsgaard, Tom, Young, Elizabeth H, Zhao, Jing Hua, Adair, Linda S, Arveiler, Dominique, Assimes, Themistocles L, Bandinelli, Stefania, Bennett, Franklyn, Bochud, Murielle, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borecki, Ingrid B, Bornstein, Stefan R, Bovet, Pascal, Burnier, Michel, Campbell, Harry, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Chambers, John C, Chen, Yii-Der Ida, Collins, Francis S, Cooper, Richard S, Danesh, John, de Faire, Ulf, Feranil, Alan B, Ferrières, Jean, Ferrucci, Luigi, Nalls, Michael A, Freimer, Nelson B, Gieger, Christian, Groop, Leif C, Gyllensten, Ulf, Hamsten, Anders, Hingorani, Aroon, Hovingh, G Kees, Hsiung, Chao Agnes, Humphries, Steve E, Hveem, Kristian, Iribarren, Carlos, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jula, Antti, Kaprio, Jaakko, Glorioso, Nicola, Kesäniemi, Antero, Kivimaki, Mika, Kooner, Jaspal S, Koudstaal, Peter J, Krauss, Ronald M, Kuh, Diana, Kuusisto, Johanna, Kyvik, Kirsten O, Laakso, Markku, Lakka, Timo A, Lindgren, Cecilia M, Martin, Nicholas G, März, Winfried, McCarthy, Mark I, McKenzie, Colin A, Meneton, Pierre, Metspalu, 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Newton-Cheh, Christopher, O'Reilly, Paul, Palmas, Walter, Psaty, Bruce, Rice, Kenneth, Smith, Albert, Snider, Harold, Tobin, Martin, Van Duijn, Cornelia, Verwoert, Germaine, Rice, Kenneth M, Johnson, Andrew D, Tobin, Martin D, Verwoert, Germaine C, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Pihur, Vasyl, Scholtens, Salome, O'Reilly, Paul F, Teumer, Alexander, Glazer, Nicole L, Launer, Lenore, Aulchenko, Yurii, Heath, Simon, Sennblad, Bengt, Sõber, Siim, Parsa, Afshin, Arora, Pankaj, Dehghan, Abbas, Zhang, Feng, Lucas, Gavin, Peden, John F, Seufferlein, Thomas, Igl, Wilmar, Milaneschi, Yuri, Parker, Alex N, Fava, Cristiano, Fox, Ervin R, Sitlani, Colleen M, Go, Min Jin, van der Harst, Pim, Kao, Wen Hong Linda, Sjögren, Marketa, Vinay, D. G., Alexander, Myriam, Tabara, Yasuharu, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Whincup, Peter H, Smith, Albert Vernon, Shi, Gang, Tayo, Bamidele, Seielstad, Mark, Sim, Xueling, Nguyen, Khanh-Dung Hoang, Matullo, Giuseppe, Gaunt, Tom R, Onland-Moret, N Charlotte, Cooper, Matthew N, Platou, Carl G P, Org, Elin, Hardy, Rebecca, Dahgam, Santosh, Palmen, Jutta, Vitart, Veronique, Braund, Peter S, Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Stringham, Heather M, Uiterwaal, Cuno S P M, Adeyemo, Adebowale, Ludwig, Barbara, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Palmer, Nicholette D, Sundström, Johan, Chang, Yen-Pei C, Steinle, Nanette I, Grobbee, Diederick E, Arking, Dan E, Kardia, Sharon L, Morrison, Alanna C, Najjar, Samer, Swertz, Morris A, Hadley, David, Brown, Morris J, Connell, John M, Hingorani, Aroon D, Day, Ian N M, Lawlor, Debbie A, Beilby, John P, Lawrence, Robert W, Clarke, Robert, Collins, Rory, Hopewell, Jemma C, Ongen, Halit, Dreisbach, Albert W, Li, Yali, Young, J. H., Bis, Joshua C, Syvänen, Ann-Christine, Chen, Ming-Huei, Pattaro, Cristian, Bolton, Judith A Hoffman, Köttgen, Anna, Bergmann, Sven, Mooser, Vincent, Chaturvedi, Nish, Frayling, Timothy M, Islam, Muhammad, Jafar, Tazeen H, Erdmann, Jeanette, Kulkarni, Smita R, Grässler, Jürgen, Howard, Philip, Thorand, Barbara, Guarrera, Simonetta, Ricceri, Fulvio, Emilsson, Valur, Plump, Andrew, Weder, Alan B, Sun, Yan V, Bergman, Richard N, Scott, Laura J, Peltonen, Leena, Vartiainen, Erkki, Brand, Stefan-Martin, Staessen, Jan A, Wang, Thomas J, Tomaschitz, Andreas, Burton, Paul R, Artigas, Maria Soler, Dong, Yanbin, Snieder, Harold, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhu, Haidong, Lohman, Kurt K, Rudock, Megan E, Heckbert, Susan R, Smith, Nicholas L, Troffa, Chiara, Wiggins, Kerri L, Doumatey, Ayo, Shriner, Daniel, Veldre, Gudrun, Viigimaa, Margus, Kinra, Sanjay, Prabhakaran, Dorairajan, Tripathy, Vikal, Langefeld, Carl D, Rosengren, Annika, van Oort, Floor Va, Thelle, Dag S, Corsi, Anna Maria, Singleton, Andrew, Forrester, Terrence, Hilton, Gina, Salako, Tunde, Iwai, Naoharu, Kita, Yoshikuni, Ogihara, Toshio, Verweij, Niek, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Okamura, Tomonori, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Umemura, Satoshi, Eyheramendy, Susana, Meitinger, Thomas, Wichmann, H-Erich, Cho, Yoon Shin, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Lee, Jong-Young, Vonk, Judith M, Scott, James, Sehmi, Joban S, Hedblad, Bo, Nilsson, Peter, Smith, George Davey, Stanèáková, Alena, Raffel, Leslie J, Yao, Jie, O'Donnell, Chris, Schwartz, Stephen M, Ikram, M Arfan, Longstreth, W. T., Mosley, Thomas H, Seshadri, Sudha, Shrine, Nick R G, Wain, Louise V, Wennauer, Roman, Morken, Mario A, Laitinen, Jaana, Prokopenko, Inga, Zitting, Paavo, Cooper, Jackie A, Rasheed, Asif, Goel, Anuj, Watkins, Hugh, Bakker, Stephan J L, van Gilst, Wiek H, Janipalli, Charles S, Mani, K Radha, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S, Mattace-Raso, Francesco U S, Wojczynski, Mary K, Demirkan, Ayse, Lakatta, Edward G, Orru, Marco, Scuteri, Angelo, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Kangas, Antti J, Soininen, Pasi, Tukiainen, Taru, Würtz, Peter, Ong, Rick Twee-Hee, Dörr, Marcus, Kroemer, Heyo K, Völker, Uwe, Völzke, Henry, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Lathrop, Mark, Day, Felix R, Zhang, Qunyuan, Zelenika, Diana, Zhai, Guangju, Meschia, James F, Sharma, Pankaj, Terzic, Janos, Kumar, M J Kranthi, Denniff, Matthew, Zukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa, Wagenknecht, Lynne E, Fowkes, F Gerald R, Charchar, Fadi J, Guo, Xiuqing, Rotimi, Charles, Bots, Michiel L, Brand, Eva, Samani, Nilesh J, Polasek, Ozren, Talmud, Philippa J, Nyberg, Fredrik, Laan, Maris, Palmer, Lyle J, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Choi, Murim, Casas, Juan P, Vineis, Paolo, Ganesh, Santhi K, Wong, Tien Y, Tai, E Shyong, Rao, Dabeeru C, Eriksson, Per, Morris, Richard W, Dominiczak, Anna F, Marmot, Michael G, Miki, Tetsuro, Chandak, Giriraj R, Coresh, Josef, Navis, Gerjan, Folkersen, Lasse, Han, Bok-Ghee, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Melander, Olle, Gyllensten, Ulf B, Wright, Alan F, Franco-Cereceda, Anders, Farrall, Martin, Elosua, Roberto, Soranzo, Nicole, Sijbrands, Eric J G, Altshuler, David, Gharavi, Ali G, Rettig, Rainer, Uda, Manuela, Witteman, Jacqueline C M, Hedman, Åsa K, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Larson, Martin G, Hivert, Marie-France, Caulfield, Mark J, Anderson, Carl A, Gordon, Scott D, Guo, Qun, Henders, Anjali K, Esko, Tonu, Huang, Jinyan, Lambert, Ann, Lee, Sang Hong, Kraft, Peter, Kennedy, Stephen H, Macgregor, Stuart, Missmer, Stacey A, Montgomery, Grant W, Morris, Andrew P, Nyholt, Dale R, Painter, Jodie N, Roseman, Fenella, Treloar, Susan A, Visscher, Peter M, Wallace, Leanne, Zondervan, Krina T, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z, de Boer, Rudolf A, Boezen, H Marike, Bruinenberg, Marcel, Karpe, Fredrik, Franke, Lude, van der Klauw, Melanie M, Ormel, Johan, Postma, Dirkje S, Rosmalen, Judith G M, Slaets, Joris P, Keildson, Sarah, Stolk, Ronald P, Scott, Robert A, Lagou, Vasiliki, Welch, Ryan P, Wheeler, Eleanor, Mägi, Reedik, Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Rehnberg, Emil, Rasmussen-Torvik, Laura J, Yengo, Loïc, Lecoeur, Cecile, Liang, Liming, Johnson, Paul C D, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Lifton, Richard P, Salo, Perttu, Timpson, Nicholas J, St Pourcain, Beate, Andrews, Jeanette S, Hui, Jennie, Bielak, Lawrence F, Ma, Baoshan, Zhao, Wei, Horikoshi, Momoko, Navarro, Pau, Esko, Tönu, McKnight, Amy J, Fall, Tove, Chen, Han, Robertson, Neil, Rybin, Denis, McPherson, Ruth, Willems, Sara M, Chines, Peter S, Kang, Hyun Min, Song, Kijoung, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, An, Ping, Marullo, Letizia, Jansen, Hanneke, Oldehinkel, Albertine J, Min, Josine L, Pankow, James S, North, Kari E, Forouhi, Nita G, Edkins, Sarah, Varga, Tibor V, Oksa, Heikki, Antonella, Mulas, Moffatt, Miriam F, Kong, Augustine, Herder, Christian, Antti, Jula, Small, Kerrin, Miljkovic, Iva, Atalay, Mustafa, Kiess, Wieland, Murabito, Joanne M, Smit, Johannes H, Campbell, Susan, Fowkes, Gerard R, Nicholson, George, Kovacs, Peter, Zemunik, Tatijana, Basart, Hanneke V, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Maerz, Winfried, Peters, Annette, Province, Michael A, Hastie, Nicholas D, Olsson, Christian, Stumvoll, Michael, Waterworth, Dawn M, Watanabe, Richard M, de Geus, Eco J C, Penninx, Brenda W, Perry, John Rb, Reinmaa, Eva, Dedoussis, George V, Kutalik, Zoltán, Toenjes, Anke, Peyser, Patricia A, Körner, Antje, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka M, Schadt, Eric E, Saaristo, Timo E, Dupuis, Josée, Sattar, Naveed, Cucca, Francesco, Balkau, Beverley, Froguel, Philippe, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Bouatia-Naji, Nabila, Stolk, Lisette, Meigs, James B, Ahmadi, Kourosh R, Ainali, Chrysanthi, Barrett, Amy, Vallejo, Edgar E, Bataille, Veronique, Bell, Jordana T, Buil, Alfonso, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T, Dimas, Antigone S, Durbin, Richard, Glass, Daniel, Hassanali, Neelam, Westra, Harm-Jan, Ingle, Catherine, Knowles, David, Krestyaninova, Maria, Lowe, Christopher E, Meduri, Eshwar, di Meglio, Paola, Montgomery, Stephen B, Nestle, Frank O, Nica, Alexandra C, Nisbet, James, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Parts, Leopold, Potter, Simon, Sekowska, Magdalena, Shin, So-Youn, Consortium, ADIPOGen, Small, Kerrin S, Surdulescu, Gabriela, Travers, Mary E, Tsaprouni, Loukia, Tsoka, Sophia, Wilk, Alicja, Yang, Tsun-Po, Consortium, CARDIOGRAMplusC4D, Matise, Tara, Buyske, Steve, Higashio, Julia, Williams, Rasheeda, Nato, Andrew, Ambite, Jose Luis, Deelman, Ewa, Manolio, Teri, Hindorff, Lucia, Consortium, CKDGen, Heiss, Gerardo, Taylor, Kira, Franceschini, Nora, Avery, Christy, Graff, Misa, Lin, Danyu, Quibrera, Miguel, Cochran, Barbara, Kao, Linda, Umans, Jason, Consortium, GEFOS, Cole, Shelley, MacCluer, Jean, Person, Sharina, Pankow, James, Gross, Myron, Fornage, Myriam, Durda, Peter, Jenny, Nancy, Patsy, Bruce, Consortium, GENIE, Arnold, Alice, Buzkova, Petra, Crawford, Dana, Haines, Jonathan, Murdock, Deborah, Glenn, Kim, Brown-Gentry, Kristin, Thornton-Wells, Tricia, Dumitrescu, Logan, Jeff, Janina, GLGC, Bush, William S, Mitchell, Sabrina L, Goodloe, Robert, Wilson, Sarah, Boston, Jonathan, Malinowski, Jennifer, Restrepo, Nicole, Oetjens, Matthew, Fowke, Jay, Zheng, Wei, ICBP, Spencer, Kylee, Ritchie, Marylyn, Pendergrass, Sarah, Le Marchand, Loïc, Wilkens, Lynne, Park, Lani, Tiirikainen, Maarit, Kolonel, Laurence, Lim, Unhee, Cheng, Iona, Consortium, International Endogene, Wang, Hansong, Shohet, Ralph, Haiman, Christopher, Stram, Daniel, Henderson, Brian, Monroe, Kristine, Schumacher, Fredrick, Peters, Ulrike, Anderson, Garnet, Study, LifeLines Cohort, Carlson, Chris, Prentice, Ross, LaCroix, Andrea, Wu, Chunyuan, Carty, Cara, Gong, Jian, Rosse, Stephanie, Young, Alicia, Haessler, Jeff, Kocarnik, Jonathan, Investigators, MAGIC, Lin, Yi, Jackson, Rebecca, Duggan, David, Kuller, Lew, Perry, John R B, He, Chunyan, Sulem, Patrick, Consortium, MuTHER, Barbalic, Maja, Broer, Linda, Byrne, Enda M, Ernst, Florian, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, McArdle, Patick F, Consortium, PAGE, Porcu, Eleonora, van Wingerden, Sophie, Zhuang, Wei V, Albrecht, Eva, Randall, Joshua C, Consortium, ReproGen, Lauc, Lovorka Barac, Boban, Mladen, Broekmans, Frank J, Burri, Andrea, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Constance, Cornelis, Marilyn C, Amouyel, Philippe, Corre, Tanguy, Coviello, Andrea D, d'Adamo, Pio, Davies, Gail, Deary, Ian J, Dedoussis, George V Z, Deloukas, Panagiotis, Ebrahim, Shah, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Eriksson, Johan G, Fauser, Bart C J M, Ferreli, Liana, Folsom, Aaron R, Garcia, Melissa E, Gasparini, Paolo, Bakker, Stephan Jl, Glazer, Nicole, Hall, Per, Haller, Toomas, Hankinson, Susan E, Hass, Merli, Heath, Andrew C, Beilby, John, Janssens, A Cecile J W, Kardia, Sharon L R, Keyzer, Jules, Kolcic, Ivana, Lahti, Jari, Lai, Sandra, Laisk, Triin, Laven, Joop S E, Liu, Jianjun, Lopez, Lorna M, Louwers, Yvonne V, Marongiu, Mara, Blangero, John, Klaric, Irena Martinovic, Masciullo, Corrado, McKnight, Barbara, Medland, Sarah E, Melzer, David, Newman, Anne B, Paré, Guillaume, Peeters, Petra H M, Pistis, Giorgio, Plump, Andrew S, Pop, Victor J M, Räikkönen, Katri, Sala, Cinzia, Salumets, Andres, Smith, Jennifer A, Stacey, Simon N, Starr, John M, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, Tenesa, Albert, Scherag, André, Toniolo, Daniela, Tryggvadottir, Laufey, Tsui, Kim, Ulivi, Sheila, van Dam, Rob M, van Gils, Carla H, van Nierop, Peter, Vink, Jacqueline M, Voorhuis, Marlies, Waeber, Gérard, Wallaschofski, Henri, Wichmann, H Erich, Widen, Elisabeth, Wijnands-van Gent, Colette J M, Claudi-Boehm, Simone, Zgaga, Lina, Zygmunt, Marek, Arnold, Alice M, Buring, Julie E, Crisponi, Laura, Demerath, Ellen W, Hu, Frank B, Hunter, David J, Launer, Lenore J, Crawford, Dana C, 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Haessler, J., Kocarnik, J., Lin, Y., Jackson, R., Duggan, D., Kuller, L., Stolk, L., He, C., Sulem, P., Barbalic, M., Broer, L., Byrne, EM., Gudbjartsson, DF., McArdle, PF., Porcu, E., van Wingerden, S., Zhuang, W., Albrecht, E., Alizadeh, BZ., Lauc, LB., Broekmans, FJ., Burri, A., Chanock, SJ., Chen, C., Corre, T., Coviello, AD., d'Adamo, P., Davies, G., Deary, IJ., Ebrahim, S., Fauser, BC., Ferreli, L., Folsom, AR., Garcia, ME., Hall, P., Haller, T., Hankinson, SE., Hass, M., Heath, AC., Janssens, AC., Keyzer, J., Lahti, J., Lai, S., Laisk, T., Laven, JS., Liu, J., Lopez, LM., Louwers, YV., Marongiu, M., Klaric, IM., Masciullo, C., McKnight, B., Medland, SE., Melzer, D., Newman, AB., Paré, G., Peeters, PH., Plump, AS., Pop, VJ., Räikkönen, K., Salumets, A., Smith, JA., Stacey, SN., Starr, JM., Stathopoulou, MG., Tenesa, A., Thorand, B., Tryggvadottir, L., Tsui, K., van Dam RM., van Gils CH., van Nierop, P., Vink, JM., Voorhuis, M., Wallaschofski, H., Widen, E., Wijnands-van Gent CJ., Zgaga, L., Zygmunt, M., Arnold, AM., Buring, JE., Crisponi, L., Demerath, EW., Hunter, DJ., Schlessinger, D., Murray, A., Murabito, JM., Visser, JA., Lunetta, KL., Elks, CE., Cousminer, DL., Feenstra, B., Lin, P., van Wingerden SW., Smith, EN., Warrington, NM., Alavere, H., Barroso, I., Berenson, GS., Blackburn, H., Busonero, F., Chen, W., Couper, D., Easton, DF., Foroud, T., Geller, F., Hernandez, DG., Kilpeläinen, TO., Li, S., Melbye, M., Murray, JC., Murray, SS., Nelis, M., Ness, AR., Northstone, K., Pennell, CE., Pharoah, P., Rafnar, T., Rice, JP., Ring, SM., Schork, NJ., Segrè, AV., Sovio, U., Srinivasan, SR., Tammesoo, ML., Tyrer, J., Weedon, MN., Wichmann, H., Young, L., Zhuang, WV., Bierut, LJ., Boyd, HA., Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University [Lund], Genetic Epidemiology and Clinical Research Group, Umea University Hospital, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM), Université de Poitiers-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Medical Sciences, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] (LIST), Southeast University [Jiangsu]-School of Computer Science and Engineering, Limnology, Ecology, Estonian Genome and Medicine, University of Tartu, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Department of Medical Genetics, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, King‘s College London, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland-Kuopio University Hospital, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Centre Groningen, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (EGENODIA (GI3M)), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geriatric Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Department of Pharmacy Sciences, Creighton University Medical Center, Medical Department III, Universität Leipzig, Foie, métabolismes et cancer, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI), Netherlands Genomics Initiative, Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] (EPI), German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medstar Research Institute, Genetics and Pathology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), Department of Odontology, Cariology, Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Génétique des maladies multifactorielles (GMM), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Cardiology, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Royal Aberdeen Childrens Hospital, UCL Institute of neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], 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= University of Helsinki, Unit of Genetic Epidemiology and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Augusta University - Medical College of Georgia, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Department of Public Health, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine, Danube-University Krems, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging [Leiden, Netherlands] (NCHA), Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, MRC epidemiology Unit, Institute of Epidemiology, Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Department of Oncology, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Harvard Reproductive Sciences Center and Reproductive Endocrine Unit, 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(BU)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Churchill Hospital-Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Landsteiner Laboratory, Clinical Haematology, Other departments, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Vascular Medicine, Lund University Diabetes Centre-Lund University [Lund], Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques (EGID), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), German Research Center for Environmental Health, University of Bonn, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Yale University School of Medicine, University of Oxford [Oxford], German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Laval University, Laval University [Québec], Turku University Hospital, Lausanne university hospital, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI)-Boston University [Boston] (BU), Internal Medicine, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Clinical Genetics, Medical Informatics, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Diabetes Centre, Metabolic functional (epi)genomics and molecular mechanisms involved in type 2 diabetes and related diseases - UMR 8199 - UMR 1283 (GI3M), Institute of Medicine-University of Gothenburg (GU), Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires ( STIM ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] ( DTU ), Laboratory of Image Science and Technology [Nanjing] ( LIST ), Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics ( MEB ), University of Lausanne, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy ( CIML ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Erasmus MC, Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] ( SSL ), Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques ( EGID ), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), University of Leipzig, Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institute of Epidemiology [Neuherberg] ( EPI ), University of California [Irvine] ( UCI ), Génétique des maladies multifactorielles ( GMM ), Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Geneva University Hospital ( HUG ), Bonn Universität [Bonn], Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur ( IIT Kanpur ), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Université de Bonn, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Harvard University School of Public Health, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), deCODE genetics, University of Groningen [Groningen]-University Medical Center Groningen-Beatrix Children's Hospital-Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Yale School of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute ( NHLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Pisa [Pisa], University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ) -Institute of Metabolic Science, German Research Center for Environmental Health-Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), University of Otago, University of Greifswald, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), National Institute for Health and Welfare, Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), University of Gothenburg ( GU ) -Institute of Medicine, Recherches en Psychopathologie, nouveaux symptômes et lien social ( EA 4050 ), Université de Poitiers-Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université Catholique de l'Ouest-Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ), Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL ( IBLI ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Cochin ( UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016) ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University Medicine Greifswald,-HELIOS Hospital Stralsund, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine ( FIMM ), Georgia Prevention Institute, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Helmholtz-Zentrum München ( HZM ), National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) -National Cancer Institute ( NIH ), Massachusetts General Hospital, Children's Hospital, Boston, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health-Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Shungin D, Winkler TW, Adipogen, Consortium, Cardiogramplusc4d, Consortium, Ckdgen, Consortium, Gefos, Consortium, Genie, Consortium, Glgc, Icbp, International, Endogene Consortium, Lifelines, Cohort Study, Magic, Investigator, Muther, Consortium, Consortium, Page, ReproGen Consortium, Amouyel P, D'Adamo, ADAMO PIO, Gasparini, Paolo, Shungin, Dmitry, Winkler, Thomas W, Croteau-Chonka, Damien C, Ferreira, Teresa, Hypponen, Elina, Mohlke, Karen L, ADIPOGEN Consortium, Int Endogene Consortium, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Epidemiologie, RS: CARIM - R3.02 - Hypertension and target organ damage, Université de Tours-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment (DARE), Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL), Shungin, D, Winkler, T, Croteau Chonka, D, Ferreira, T, Locke, A, Mägi, R, Strawbridge, R, Pers, T, Fischer, K, Justice, A, Workalemahu, T, Wu, J, Buchkovich, M, Heard Costa, N, Roman, T, Drong, A, Song, C, Gustafsson, S, Day, F, Esko, T, Fall, T, Kutalik, Z, Luan, J, Randall, J, Scherag, A, Vedantam, S, Wood, A, Chen, J, Fehrmann, R, Karjalainen, J, Kahali, B, Liu, C, Schmidt, E, Absher, D, Amin, N, Anderson, D, Beekman, M, Bragg Gresham, J, Buyske, S, Demirkan, A, Ehret, G, Feitosa, M, Goel, A, Jackson, A, Johnson, T, Kleber, M, Kristiansson, K, Mangino, M, Leach, I, Medina Gomez, C, Palmer, C, Pasko, D, Pechlivanis, S, Peters, M, Prokopenko, I, Stanca'Kova', A, Sung, Y, Tanaka, T, Teumer, A, Van Vliet Ostaptchouk, J, Yengo, L, Zhang, W, Albrecht, E, Ärnlöv, J, Arscott, G, Bandinelli, S, Barrett, A, Bellis, C, Bennett, A, Berne, C, Blüher, M, Böhringer, S, Bonnet, F, Böttcher, Y, Bruinenberg, M, Carba, D, Caspersen, I, Clarke, R, Daw, E, Deelen, J, Deelman, E, Delgado, G, Doney, A, Eklund, N, Erdos, M, Estrada, K, Eury, E, Friedrich, N, Garcia, M, Giedraitis, V, Gigante, B, Go, A, Golay, A, Grallert, H, Grammer, T, Gräsler, J, Grewal, J, Groves, C, Haller, T, Hallmans, G, Hartman, C, Hassinen, M, Hayward, C, Heikkilä, K, Herzig, K, Helmer, Q, Hillege, H, Holmen, O, Hunt, S, Isaacs, A, Ittermann, T, James, A, Johansson, I, Juliusdottir, T, Kalafati, I, Kinnunen, L, Koenig, W, Kooner, I, Kratzer, W, Lamina, C, Leander, K, Lee, N, Lichtner, P, Lind, L, Lindström, J, Lobbens, S, Lorentzon, M, Mach, F, Magnusson, P, Mahajan, A, Mcardle, W, Menni, C, Merger, S, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Mills, R, Moayyeri, A, Monda, K, Mooijaart, S, Mühleisen, T, Mulas, A, Müller, G, Müller Nurasyid, M, Nagaraja, R, Nalls, M, Narisu, N, Glorioso, N, Nolte, I, Olden, M, Rayner, N, Renstrom, F, Ried, J, Robertson, N, Rose, L, Sanna, S, Scharnagl, H, Scholtens, S, Sennblad, B, Seufferlein, T, Sitlani, C, Smith, A, Stirrups, K, Stringham, H, Sundström, J, Swertz, M, Swift, A, Syvänen, A, Tayo, B, Thorand, B, Thorleifsson, G, Tomaschitz, A, Troffa, C, Van Oort, F, Verweij, N, Vonk, J, Waite, L, Wennauer, R, Wilsgaard, T, Wojczynski, M, Wong, A, Zhang, Q, Zhao, J, Brennan, E, Choi, M, Eriksson, P, Folkersen, L, Franco Cereceda, A, Gharavi, A, Hedman, A, Hivert, M, Huang, J, Kanoni, S, Karpe, F, Keildson, S, Kiryluk, K, Liang, L, Lifton, R, Ma, B, Mcknight, A, Mcpherson, R, Metspalu, A, Min, J, Moffatt, M, Montgomery, G, Murabito, J, Nicholson, G, Nyholt, D, Olsson, C, Perry, J, Reinmaa, E, Salem, R, Sandholm, N, Schadt, E, Scott, R, Stolk, L, Vallejo, E, Westra, H, Zondervan, K, Amouyel, P, Arveiler, D, Bakker, S, Beilby, J, Bergman, R, Blangero, J, Brown, M, Burnier, M, Campbell, H, Chakravarti, A, Chines, P, Claudi Boehm, S, Collins, F, Crawford, D, Danesh, J, De Faire, U, De Geus, E, Dörr, M, Erbel, R, Eriksson, J, Farrall, M, Ferrannini, E, Ferrières, J, Forouhi, N, Forrester, T, Franco, O, Gansevoort, R, Gieger, C, Gudnason, V, Haiman, C, Harris, T, Hattersley, A, Heliövaara, M, Hicks, A, Hingorani, A, Hoffmann, W, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Humphries, S, Hyppönen, E, Illig, T, Jarvelin, M, Johansen, B, Jousilahti, P, Jula, A, Kaprio, J, Kee, F, Keinanen Kiukaanniemi, S, Kooner, J, Kooperberg, C, Kovacs, P, Kraja, A, Kumari, M, Kuulasmaa, K, Kuusisto, J, Lakka, T, Langenberg, C, Le Marchand, L, Lehtimäki, T, Lyssenko, V, Männistö, S, Marette, A, Matise, T, Mckenzie, C, Mcknight, B, Musk, A, Möhlenkamp, S, Morris, A, Nelis, M, Ohlsson, C, Oldehinkel, A, Ong, K, Palmer, L, Penninx, B, Peters, A, Pramstaller, P, Raitakari, O, Rankinen, T, Rao, D, Rice, T, Ridker, P, Ritchie, M, Rudan, I, Salomaa, V, Samani, N, Saramies, J, Sarzynski, M, Schwarz, P, Shuldiner, A, Staessen, J, Steinthorsdottir, V, Stolk, R, Strauch, K, Tönjes, A, Tremblay, A, Tremoli, E, Vohl, M, Völker, U, Vollenweider, P, Wilson, J, Witteman, J, Adair, L, Bochud, M, Boehm, B, Bornstein, S, Bouchard, C, Cauchi, S, Caulfield, M, Chambers, J, Chasman, D, Cooper, R, Dedoussis, G, Ferrucci, L, Froguel, P, Grabe, H, Hamsten, A, Hui, J, Hveem, K, Jöckel, K, Kivimaki, M, Kuh, D, Laakso, M, Liu, Y, März, W, Munroe, P, Njolstad, I, Oostra, B, Pedersen, N, Perola, M, Pe'Russe, L, Peters, U, Power, C, Quertermous, T, Rauramaa, R, Rivadeneira, F, Saaristo, T, Saleheen, D, Sinisalo, J, Slagboom, P, Snieder, H, Spector, T, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Stumvoll, M, Tuomilehto, J, Uitterlinden, A, Uusitupa, M, Van Der Harst, P, Veronesi, G, Walker, M, Wareham, N, Watkins, H, Wichmann, H, Abecasis, G, Assimes, T, Berndt, S, Boehnke, M, Borecki, I, Deloukas, P, Franke, L, Frayling, T, Groop, L, Hunter, D, Kaplan, R, O'Connell, J, Qi, L, Schlessinger, D, Strachan, D, Stefansson, K, Van Duijn, C, Willer, C, Visscher, P, Yang, J, Hirschhorn, J, Zillikens, M, Mccarthy, M, Speliotes, E, North, K, Fox, C, Barroso, I, Franks, P, Ingelsson, E, Heid, I, Loos, R, Cupples, L, Lindgren, C, Mohlke, K, Dastani, Z, Timpson, N, Yuan, X, Henneman, P, Kizer, J, Lyytikainen, L, Fuchsberger, C, Small, K, Coassin, S, Lohman, K, Pankow, J, Uh, H, Wu, Y, Bidulescu, A, Rasmussen Torvik, L, Greenwood, C, Ladouceur, M, Grimsby, J, Manning, A, Mooser, V, Kapur, K, Frants, R, Willemsvan vanDijk, K, Willems, S, Psaty, B, Tracy, R, Brody, J, Chen, I, Viikari, J, Kähönen, M, Evans, D, St Pourcain, B, Sattar, N, Carlson, O, Egan, J, van Heemst, D, Kedenko, L, Nuotio, M, Loo, B, Kanaya, A, Haun, M, Klopp, N, Katsareli, E, Couper, D, Duncan, B, Kloppenburg, M, Borja, J, Musani, S, Guo, X, Semple, R, Teslovich, T, Allison, M, Redline, S, Buxbaum, S, Meulenbelt, I, Ballantyne, C, Hu, F, Paulweber, B, Florez, J, Smith, G, Siscovick, D, Kronenberg, F, van Duijn, C, Waterworth, D, Meigs, J, Dupuis, J, Richards, J, Willenborg, C, Thompson, J, Erdmann, J, Goldstein, B, König, I, Cazier, J, Johansson, Å, Hall, A, Lee, J, Grundberg, E, Havulinna, A, Ho, W, Hopewell, J, Eriksson, N, Lundmark, P, Lyytikäinen, L, Rafelt, S, Tikkanen, E, Van Zuydam, N, Voight, B, Ziegler, A, Altshuler, D, Balmforth, A, Braund, P, Burgdorf, C, Cox, D, Dimitriou, M, Do, R, El Mokhtari, N, Fontanillas, P, Hager, J, Han, B, Kang, H, Kessler, T, Knowles, J, Kolovou, G, Langford, C, Lokki, M, Lundmark, A, Meisinger, C, Melander, O, Maouche, S, Nikus, K, Peden, J, Rasheed, A, Rosinger, S, Rubin, D, Rumpf, M, Schäfer, A, Sivananthan, M, Stewart, A, Tan, S, Thorgeirsson, G, van der Schoot, C, Wagner, P, Wells, G, Wild, P, Yang, T, Basart, H, Boerwinkle, E, Brambilla, P, Cambien, F, Cupples, A, de Faire, U, Dehghan, A, Diemert, P, Epstein, S, Evans, A, Ferrario, M, Gauguier, D, Goodall, A, Hazen, S, Holm, H, Iribarren, C, Jang, Y, Kim, H, Laaksonen, R, Ouwehand, W, Parish, S, Park, J, Rader, D, Shah, S, Stark, K, Trégouët, D, Virtamo, J, Wallentin, L, Zimmermann, M, Nieminen, M, Hengstenberg, C, Sandhu, M, Pastinen, T, Hovingh, G, Zalloua, P, Siegbahn, A, Schreiber, S, Ripatti, S, Blankenberg, S, O'Donnell, C, Reilly, M, Collins, R, Kathiresan, S, Roberts, R, Schunkert, H, Pattaro, C, Köttgen, A, Garnaas, M, Böger, C, Chen, M, Tin, A, Taliun, D, Li, M, Gao, X, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, M, O'Seaghdha, C, Glazer, N, Struchalin, M, Li, G, Johnson, A, Gierman, H, Hwang, S, Atkinson, E, Cornelis, M, Chouraki, V, Holliday, E, Sorice, R, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, A, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Launer, L, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, B, Schmidt, H, Cavalieri, M, Rao, M, de Andrade, M, Turner, S, Ding, J, Andrews, J, Freedman, B, Döring, A, Kolcic, I, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, H, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, S, Wright, A, Ellinghaus, D, Nöthlings, U, Jacobs, G, Biffar, R, Endlich, K, Ernst, F, Kroemer, H, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Völzke, H, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, J, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Ketkar, S, Colhoun, H, Robino, A, Giulianini, F, Krämer, B, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, B, Adam, M, Thun, G, Sala, C, Metzger, M, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Kim, S, Gasparini, P, Pirastu, M, Jukema, J, Probst Hensch, N, Toniolo, D, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Kardia, S, Curhan, G, Gyllensten, U, Franke, A, Rettig, R, Parsa, A, Goessling, W, Kao, W, de Boer, I, Peralta, C, Akylbekova, E, Kramer, H, van der Harst, P, Arking, D, Franceschini, N, Hernandez, D, Townsend, R, Lumley, T, Kestenbaum, B, Haritunians, T, Waeber, G, Lu, X, Leak, T, Aasarød, K, Skorpen, F, Baumert, J, Devuyst, O, Mychaleckyj, J, Hallan, S, Navis, G, Shlipak, M, Bull, S, Paterson, A, Rotter, J, Beckmann, J, Dreisbach, A, Styrkarsdottir, U, Evangelou, E, Hsu, Y, Duncan, E, Ntzani, E, Oei, L, Albagha, O, Kemp, J, Koller, D, Minster, R, Vandenput, L, Willner, D, Xiao, S, Yerges Armstrong, L, Zheng, H, Alonso, N, Kammerer, C, Kaptoge, S, Leo, P, Wilson, S, Aalto, V, Alen, M, Aragaki, A, Center, J, Dailiana, Z, Duggan, D, Garcia Giralt, N, Giroux, S, Hocking, L, Husted, L, Jameson, K, Khusainova, R, Kim, G, Koromila, T, Kruk, M, Laaksonen, M, Lacroix, A, Lee, S, Leung, P, Lewis, J, Masi, L, Mencej Bedrac, S, Nguyen, T, Nogues, X, Patel, M, Prezelj, J, Scollen, S, Siggeirsdottir, K, Svensson, O, Trummer, O, van Schoor, N, Woo, J, Zhu, K, Balcells, S, Brandi, M, Cheng, S, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Frost, M, Goltzman, D, González Macías, J, Karlsson, M, Khusnutdinova, E, Koh, J, Kollia, P, Langdahl, B, Leslie, W, Lips, P, Ljunggren, Ö, Lorenc, R, Marc, J, Mellström, D, Obermayer Pietsch, B, Olmos, J, Pettersson Kymmer, U, Reid, D, Riancho, J, Rousseau, F, Tang, N, Urreizti, R, Van Hul, W, Zarrabeitia, M, Castano Betancourt, M, Herrera, L, Ingvarsson, T, Johannsdottir, H, Kwan, T, Li, R, Luben, R, Medina Gómez, C, Palsson, S, Reppe, S, Sigurdsson, G, van Meurs, J, Verlaan, D, Williams, F, Zhou, Y, Gautvik, K, Raychaudhuri, S, Cauley, J, Clark, G, Cummings, S, Danoy, P, Dennison, E, Eastell, R, Eisman, J, Jackson, R, Jones, G, Khaw, K, Mccloskey, E, Nandakumar, K, Peacock, M, Pols, H, Prince, R, Reid, I, Robbins, J, Sambrook, P, Sham, P, Tylavsky, F, Econs, M, Kung, A, Reeve, J, Streeten, E, Karasik, D, Ralston, S, Ioannidis, J, Kiel, D, Forsblom, C, Isakova, T, Mckay, G, Williams, W, Sadlier, D, Mäkinen, V, Swan, E, Boright, A, Ahlqvist, E, Keller, B, Huang, H, Ahola, A, Fagerholm, E, Gordin, D, Harjutsalo, V, He, B, Heikkilä, O, Hietala, K, Kytö, J, Lahermo, P, Lehto, M, Österholm, A, Parkkonen, M, Pitkäniemi, J, Rosengård Bärlund, M, Saraheimo, M, Sarti, C, Söderlund, J, Soro Paavonen, A, Syreeni, A, Thorn, L, Tikkanen, H, Tolonen, N, Tryggvason, K, Wadén, J, Gill, G, Prior, S, Guiducci, C, Mirel, D, Taylor, A, Hosseini, M, Parving, H, Rossing, P, Tarnow, L, Ladenvall, C, Alhenc Gelas, F, Lefebvre, P, Rigalleau, V, Roussel, R, Tregouet, D, Maestroni, A, Maestroni, S, Falhammar, H, Gu, T, Möllsten, A, Cimponeriu, D, Mihai, I, Mota, M, Mota, E, Serafinceanu, C, Stavarachi, M, Hanson, R, Nelson, R, Kretzler, M, Panduru, N, Gu, H, Brismar, K, Zerbini, G, Hadjadj, S, Marre, M, Lajer, M, Waggott, D, Savage, D, Bain, S, Martin, F, Godson, C, Groop, P, Maxwell, A, Sengupta, S, Peloso, G, Ganna, A, Mora, S, Chang, H, Den Hertog, H, Donnelly, L, Fraser, R, Freitag, D, Gurdasani, D, Kaakinen, M, Kettunen, J, Li, X, Montasser, M, Petersen, A, Saxena, R, Service, S, Sidore, C, Surakka, I, Van den Herik, E, Volcik, K, Asiki, G, Been, L, Bolton, J, Bonnycastle, L, Burnett, M, Cesana, G, Elliott, P, Eyjolfsson, G, Goodarzi, M, Gravito, M, Hartikainen, A, Hung, Y, Jones, M, Kaleebu, P, Kastelein, J, Kim, E, Komulainen, P, Lin, S, Nieminen, T, Nsubuga, R, Olafsson, I, Palotie, A, Papamarkou, T, Pomilla, C, Pouta, A, Ruokonen, A, Seeley, J, Silander, K, Stančáková, A, Tiret, L, van Pelt, L, Wainwright, N, Wijmenga, C, Willemsen, G, Young, E, Bennett, F, Boomsma, D, Bovet, P, Chen, Y, Feranil, A, Freimer, N, Hsiung, C, Järvelin, M, Kesäniemi, A, Koudstaal, P, Krauss, R, Kyvik, K, Martin, N, Meneton, P, Moilanen, L, Njølstad, I, Price, J, Sanghera, D, Sheu, W, Whitfield, J, Wolffenbuttel, B, Ordovas, J, Rich, S, Johnson, L, Larson, M, Levy, D, Newton Cheh, C, O'Reilly, P, Palmas, W, Rice, K, Snider, H, Tobin, M, Verwoert, G, Pihur, V, Heath, S, Sõber, S, Arora, P, Zhang, F, Lucas, G, Milaneschi, Y, Parker, A, Fava, C, Fox, E, Go, M, Sjögren, M, Vinay, D, Alexander, M, Tabara, Y, Shaw Hawkins, S, Whincup, P, Shi, G, Seielstad, M, Sim, X, Nguyen, K, Matullo, G, Gaunt, T, Onland Moret, N, Cooper, M, Platou, C, Org, E, Hardy, R, Dahgam, S, Palmen, J, Kuznetsova, T, Uiterwaal, C, Adeyemo, A, Ludwig, B, Tomaszewski, M, Tzoulaki, I, Palmer, N, Chang, Y, Steinle, N, Grobbee, D, Morrison, A, Najjar, S, Hadley, D, Connell, J, Day, I, Lawlor, D, Lawrence, R, Ongen, H, Li, Y, Young, J, Bis, J, Chaturvedi, N, Islam, M, Jafar, T, Kulkarni, S, Grässler, J, Howard, P, Guarrera, S, Ricceri, F, Emilsson, V, Plump, A, Weder, A, Sun, Y, Scott, L, Peltonen, L, Vartiainen, E, Brand, S, Wang, T, Burton, P, Artigas, M, Dong, Y, Wang, X, Zhu, H, Rudock, M, Heckbert, S, Smith, N, Wiggins, K, Doumatey, A, Shriner, D, Veldre, G, Viigimaa, M, Kinra, S, Prabhakaran, D, Tripathy, V, Langefeld, C, Rosengren, A, Thelle, D, Corsi, A, Singleton, A, Hilton, G, Salako, T, Iwai, N, Kita, Y, Ogihara, T, Ohkubo, T, Okamura, T, Ueshima, H, Umemura, S, Eyheramendy, S, Meitinger, T, Cho, Y, Scott, J, Sehmi, J, Hedblad, B, Nilsson, P, Stanèáková, A, Raffel, L, Yao, J, Schwartz, S, Ikram, M, Longstreth W., J, Mosley, T, Seshadri, S, Shrine, N, Wain, L, Morken, M, Laitinen, J, Zitting, P, Cooper, J, van Gilst, W, Janipalli, C, Mani, K, Yajnik, C, Mattace Raso, F, Lakatta, E, Orru, M, Scuteri, A, Ala Korpela, M, Kangas, A, Soininen, P, Tukiainen, T, Würtz, P, Ong, R, Galan, P, Hercberg, S, Lathrop, M, Zelenika, D, Zhai, G, Meschia, J, Sharma, P, Terzic, J, Kumar, M, Denniff, M, Zukowska Szczechowska, E, Wagenknecht, L, Fowkes, F, Charchar, F, Rotimi, C, Bots, M, Brand, E, Talmud, P, Nyberg, F, Laan, M, van der Schouw, Y, Casas, J, Vineis, P, Ganesh, S, Wong, T, Tai, E, Morris, R, Dominiczak, A, Marmot, M, Miki, T, Chandak, G, Zhu, X, Elosua, R, Soranzo, N, Sijbrands, E, Uda, M, Vasan, R, Anderson, C, Gordon, S, Guo, Q, Henders, A, Lambert, A, Kraft, P, Kennedy, S, Macgregor, S, Missmer, S, Painter, J, Roseman, F, Treloar, S, Wallace, L, Alizadeh, B, de Boer, R, Boezen, H, van der Klauw, M, Ormel, J, Postma, D, Rosmalen, J, Slaets, J, Lagou, V, Welch, R, Wheeler, E, Rehnberg, E, Lecoeur, C, Johnson, P, Hottenga, J, Salo, P, Bielak, L, Zhao, W, Horikoshi, M, Navarro, P, Chen, H, Rybin, D, Song, K, An, P, Marullo, L, Jansen, H, Edkins, S, Varga, T, Oksa, H, Antonella, M, Kong, A, Herder, C, Antti, J, Miljkovic, I, Atalay, M, Kiess, W, Smit, J, Campbell, S, Fowkes, G, Rathmann, W, Maerz, W, Watanabe, R, de Geus, E, Toenjes, A, Peyser, P, Körner, A, Cucca, F, Balkau, B, Bouatia Naji, N, Ahmadi, K, Ainali, C, Bataille, V, Bell, J, Buil, A, Dermitzakis, E, Dimas, A, Durbin, R, Glass, D, Hassanali, N, Hedman, Å, Ingle, C, Knowles, D, Krestyaninova, M, Lowe, C, Meduri, E, di Meglio, P, Montgomery, S, Nestle, F, Nica, A, Nisbet, J, O'Rahilly, S, Parts, L, Potter, S, Sekowska, M, Shin, S, Surdulescu, G, Travers, M, Tsaprouni, L, Tsoka, S, Wilk, A, Higashio, J, Williams, R, Nato, A, Ambite, J, Manolio, T, Hindorff, L, Heiss, G, Taylor, K, Avery, C, Graff, M, Lin, D, Quibrera, M, Cochran, B, Kao, L, Umans, J, Cole, S, Maccluer, J, Person, S, Gross, M, Fornage, M, Durda, P, Jenny, N, Patsy, B, Arnold, A, Buzkova, P, Haines, J, Murdock, D, Glenn, K, Brown Gentry, K, Thornton Wells, T, Dumitrescu, L, Jeff, J, Bush, W, Mitchell, S, Goodloe, R, Boston, J, Malinowski, J, Restrepo, N, Oetjens, M, Fowke, J, Zheng, W, Spencer, K, Pendergrass, S, Wilkens, L, Park, L, Tiirikainen, M, Kolonel, L, Lim, U, Cheng, I, Wang, H, Shohet, R, Stram, D, Henderson, B, Monroe, K, Schumacher, F, Anderson, G, Carlson, C, Prentice, R, Wu, C, Carty, C, Gong, J, Rosse, S, Young, A, Haessler, J, Kocarnik, J, Lin, Y, Kuller, L, He, C, Sulem, P, Barbalic, M, Broer, L, Byrne, E, Gudbjartsson, D, Mcardle, P, Porcu, E, van Wingerden, S, Zhuang, W, Lauc, L, Broekmans, F, Burri, A, Chanock, S, Chen, C, Corre, T, Coviello, A, D'Adamo, P, Davies, G, Deary, I, Ebrahim, S, Fauser, B, Ferreli, L, Folsom, A, Hall, P, Hankinson, S, Hass, M, Heath, A, Janssens, A, Keyzer, J, Lahti, J, Lai, S, Laisk, T, Laven, J, Liu, J, Lopez, L, Louwers, Y, Marongiu, M, Klaric, I, Masciullo, C, Medland, S, Melzer, D, Newman, A, Paré, G, Peeters, P, Pop, V, Räikkönen, K, Salumets, A, Smith, J, Stacey, S, Starr, J, Stathopoulou, M, Tenesa, A, Tryggvadottir, L, Tsui, K, van Dam, R, van Gils, C, van Nierop, P, Vink, J, Voorhuis, M, Wallaschofski, H, Widen, E, Wijnands van Gent, C, Zgaga, L, Zygmunt, M, Buring, J, Crisponi, L, Demerath, E, Murray, A, Visser, J, Lunetta, K, Elks, C, Cousminer, D, Feenstra, B, Lin, P, Smith, E, Warrington, N, Alavere, H, Berenson, G, Blackburn, H, Busonero, F, Chen, W, Easton, D, Foroud, T, Geller, F, Kilpeläinen, T, Li, S, Melbye, M, Murray, J, Murray, S, Ness, A, Northstone, K, Pennell, C, Pharoah, P, Rafnar, T, Rice, J, Ring, S, Schork, N, Segrè, A, Sovio, U, Srinivasan, S, Tammesoo, M, Tyrer, J, Weedon, M, Young, L, Bierut, L, Boyd, H, Psychiatry, NCA - Neurobiology of mental health, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes
Subjects: Adipose Tissue/metabolism, Male, genetic association, subcutaneous fat, Transcription, Genetic, Adipocytes, Adipogenesis, Adipose Tissue, Age Factors, Body Mass Index, Continental Population Groups, Epigenesis, Genetic, Europe, Female, Genome, Human, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Models, Biological, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Obesity, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Quantitative Trait Loci, Sex Characteristics, Waist-Hip Ratio, Body Fat Distribution, Genome-Wide Association Study, Multidisciplinary, Insulin Resistance/genetics, Genome-wide association study, Continental Population Groups/genetics, genetic analysis, heritability, gene cluster, Science::Biological sciences::Human anatomy and physiology [DRNTU], 0302 clinical medicine, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Models, genetics [Insulin Resistance], histone modification, Age Factor, insulin receptor, 0303 health sciences, Adipocyte, Human/genetics, CARDIOGRAMplusC4D Consortium, ADIPOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION, genetic correlation, body fat, Continental Population Group, priority journal, 5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase, GEFOS Consortium, meta analysis (topic), Science & Technology - Other Topics, ddc:500, transcription regulation, Adipogenesis/genetics, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, phosphatidylinositol 3, European, ta3111, genetic regulation, Article, developmental biology, 03 medical and health sciences, MAGIC Investigators, transcription initiation site, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Genetic, genomics, GLYCEMIC TRAITS, genetics [Continental Population Groups], Polymorphism, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, Physiologic, genetics [Adipogenesis], Adipocytes/metabolism, Europe/ethnology, Genome, Human/genetics, Insulin/metabolism, Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics, Obesity/genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics, Transcription, Genetic/genetics, Genetic/genetics, Adipogenesi, Science & Technology, adiponectin, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], vasculotropin, genetics [Quantitative Trait Loci], ta1184, Racial Groups, ta1182, gene mapping, ta3121, triacylglycerol blood level, medicine.disease, Biological, major clinical study, amino acid sequence, metabolism [Insulin], Endocrinology, metabolism [Adipocytes], genetic loci, insulin, body fat, GLGC, International Endogene Consortium, metabolism [Adipose Tissue], Body mass index, HUMAN HEIGHT, Epigenesis, LifeLines Cohort Study, ReproGen Consortium, BIO/12 - BIOCHIMICA CLINICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECOLARE CLINICA, tissue level, Physiologic/genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, Adipose tissue, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, PAGE Consortium, COMMON SNPS, angiogenesis, Waist–hip ratio, genetics [Obesity], MESH: Adipocytes/metabolism Adipogenesis/genetics Adipose Tissue/metabolism* Age Factors Body Fat Distribution* Body Mass Index Continental Population Groups/genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Europe/ethnology Female Genome, Human/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study* Humans Insulin/metabolism* Insulin Resistance/genetics Male Models, Biological Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics Obesity/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics* Sex Characteristics Transcription, Genetic/genetics Waist-Hip Ratio, single nucleotide polymorphism, fat, genetic variability, molecular biology, body mass index (BMI), ethnology [Europe], peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Genome, Single Nucleotide, waist circumference, insulin, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate 3 phosphatase, triacylglycerol, vasculotropin, developmental biology, gene expression, genome, numerical model, adipocyte, adipose tissue, body fat distribution, body mass, female, gene locus, gene structure, hip circumference, human, insulin resistance, lipoprotein blood level, male, obesity, protein protein interaction, sex difference, waist hip ratio, Multidisciplinary Sciences, genetics [Transcription, Genetic], genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], ADIPOGen Consortium, genetics [Neovascularization, Physiologic], Transcription, SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI, General Science & Technology, ICBP, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, adipocyte, MESH : Adipocytes/metabolism Adipogenesis/genetics Adipose Tissue/metabolism* Age Factors Body Fat Distribution* Body Mass Index Continental Population Groups/genetics Epigenesis, Genetic Europe/ethnology Female Genome, Human/genetics Genome-Wide Association Study* Humans Insulin/metabolism* Insulin Resistance/genetics Male Models, Biological Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics Obesity/genetics Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics* Sex Characteristics Transcription, Genetic/genetics Waist-Hip Ratio, MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS, GENIE Consortium, SEXUAL-DIMORPHISM, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, genetics [Genome, Human], ABDOMINAL ADIPOSITY, Neovascularization, 030304 developmental biology, FALSE DISCOVERY, CKDGen Consortium, Sex Characteristic, MuTHER Consortium, numerical model
Abstract: Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P
Published: 2015
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12. Common Variants in Mendelian Kidney Disease Genes and Their Association with Renal Function

Author: Afshin Parsa, 1§ Christian Fuchsberger, 2§ Anna Köttgen, 3, 4§ Conall M. O'Seaghdha, 5, 6§ Cristian Pattaro, 7§ Mariza de Andrade, 8§ Daniel I. Chasman, 9, 11 Alexander Teumer, 12 Karlhans Endlich, Matthias Olden, 15 Ming-Huei Chen, 17 Adrienne Tin, 4 Young J. Kim, 125 Daniel Taliun, 7 Man Li, 4 Mary Feitosa, 18 Mathias Gorski, 20 Qiong Yang, 21 Claudia Hundertmark, 22 Meredith C. Foster, 5 Nicole Glazer, 23 Aaron Isaacs, 25 Madhumathi Rao, 26 Albert V. Smith, 28 Jeffrey R. O'Connell, 29 Maksim Struchalin, 30 Toshiko Tanaka, 31 Guo Li, 32 Shih-Jen Hwang, 5 Elizabeth J. Atkinson, 8 Kurt Lohman, 33 Marilyn C. Cornelis, 34 Åsa Johansson, 35 Anke Tönjes, 37 Abbas Dehghan, 38 Vincent Couraki39 Elizabeth G. Holliday, 41 Rossella Sorice, 42 Zoltan Kutalik, 44 Terho Lehtimäki, 45 Tõnu Esko, 47 Harshal Deshmukh, 48 Sheila Ulivi, 49 Audrey Y. Chu, 50 Federico Murgia, 51 Stella Trompet, 52 Medea Imboden, 118 Barbara Kollerits, 54 Giorgio Pistis, 55 Tamara B. Harris, 56 Lenore J. Launer, 56 Thor Aspelund, 28 Gudny Eiriksdottir, 27 Braxton D. Mitchell, 29 Eric Boerwinkle, 57 Helena Schmidt, 58 Edith Hofer, 59 Frank Hu, 34 Ayse Demirkan, 24 Ben A. Oostra, 126 Stephen T. Turner, 60 Jingzhong Ding, 61 Jeanette S. Andrews, 62 Barry I. Freedman, 63 Franco Giulianini, 64 Wolfgang Koenig, 65 Thomas Illig, 116, 117Angela Döring, 20 H.-Erich Wichmann, 68 Lina Zgaga, 69 Tatijana Zemunik, 70 Mladen Boban, 70 Cosetta Minelli, 7 Heather E. Wheeler, 72 Wilmar Igl, 35 Ghazal Zaboli, 35 Sarah H Wild, 69 Alan F Wright, 73 Harry Campbell, 69 David Ellinghaus, 74 Ute Nöthlings, 121, 122 Gunnar Jacobs, 121 Reiner Biffar, 76 Florian Ernst, 12 Georg Homuth, 12 Heyo K. Kroemer, 77 Matthias Nauck, 78 Sylvia Stracke, 79 Uwe Völker, 12 Henry Völzke, 80 Peter Kovacs, 81 Michael Stumvoll, 37 Reedik Mägi, 83 Albert Hofman, 38 Andre G. Uitterlinden, 84 Fernando Rivadeneira, 84 Yurii S Aulchenko, 38 Ozren Polasek, 85 Nick Hastie, 86 Veronique Vitart, 86 Catherine Helmer, 88 Jie Jin Wang, 90 Bénédicte Stengel, 124 Daniela Ruggiero, 42 Sven Bergmann, 44 Mika Kähönen, 92 Jorma Viikari, 93 Tiit Nikopensius, 94 Michael Province, 18 Helen Colhoun, 48 Alex Doney, 95 Antonietta Robino, 49 Bernhard K. Krämer, 96 Laura Portas, 51 Ian Ford, 97 Brendan M. Buckley, 98 Martin Adam, 118 Gian-Andri Thun, 118 Bernhard Paulweber, 99 Margot Haun, 100 Cinzia Sala, 55 Paul Mitchell, 89 Marina Ciullo, 42 Peter Vollenweider, 101 Olli Raitakari, 102 Andres Metspalu, 47 Colin Palmer, 103 Paolo Gasparini, 49 Mario Pirastu, 51 J. Wouter Jukema, 104, 119, 120 Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, 118 Florian Kronenberg, 54 Daniela Toniolo, 128 Vilmundur Gudnason, 28 Alan R. Shuldiner, 105 Josef Coresh, 4, 106 Reinhold Schmidt, 59 Luigi Ferrucci, 31 Cornelia M. van Duijn, 127 Ingrid Borecki, 18 Sharon L.R. Kardia, 107 Yongmei Liu, 33 Gary C. Curhan, 108 Igor Rudan, 69 Ulf Gyllensten, 35 James F. Wilson, 69 Andre Franke, 74 Peter P. Pramstaller, 7 Rainer Rettig, 109 Inga Prokopenko, 123 Jacqueline Witteman, 38 Caroline Hayward, 86 Paul M Ridker, 110 Murielle Bochud, 111 Iris M. Heid, 112, 113 David S. Siscovick, 32§ Caroline S. Fox, 114§ W. Linda Kao, 106§ Carsten A. Böger115§ §Writing/Working group, Parsa, A, Fuchsberger, C, Köttgen, A, O'Seaghdha, Cm, Pattaro, C, de Andrade, M, Chasman, Di, Teumer, A, Endlich, K, Olden, M, Chen, Mh, Tin, A, Kim, Yj, Taliun, D, Li, M, Feitosa, M, Gorski, M, Yang, Q, Hundertmark, C, Foster, Mc, Glazer, N, Isaacs, A, Rao, M, Smith, Av, O'Connell, Jr, Struchalin, M, Tanaka, T, Li, G, Hwang, Sj, Atkinson, Ej, Lohman, K, Cornelis, Mc, Johansson, A, Tönjes, A, Dehghan, A, Couraki, V, Holliday, Eg, Sorice, R, Kutalik, Z, Lehtimäki, T, Esko, T, Deshmukh, H, Ulivi, S, Chu, Ay, Murgia, F, Trompet, S, Imboden, M, Kollerits, B, Pistis, G, Harris, Tb, Launer, Lj, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Mitchell, Bd, Boerwinkle, E, Schmidt, H, Hofer, E, Hu, F, Demirkan, A, Oostra, Ba, Turner, St, Ding, J, Andrews, J, Freedman, Bi, Giulianini, F, Koenig, W, Illig, T, Döring, A, Wichmann, He, Zgaga, L, Zemunik, T, Boban, M, Minelli, C, Wheeler, He, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, Sh, Wright, Af, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Nöthlings, U, Jacobs, G, Biffar, R, Ernst, F, Homuth, G, Kroemer, Hk, Nauck, M, Stracke, S, Völker, U, Völzke, H, Kovacs, P, Stumvoll, M, Mägi, R, Hofman, A, Uitterlinden, Ag, Rivadeneira, F, Aulchenko, Y, Polasek, O, Hastie, N, Vitart, V, Helmer, C, Wang, Jj, Stengel, B, Ruggiero, D, Bergmann, S, Kähönen, M, Viikari, J, Nikopensius, T, Province, M, Colhoun, H, Doney, A, Robino, Antonietta, Krämer, Bk, Portas, L, Ford, I, Buckley, Bm, Adam, M, Thun, Ga, Paulweber, B, Haun, M, Sala, C, Mitchell, P, Ciullo, M, Vollenweider, P, Raitakari, O, Metspalu, A, Palmer, C, Gasparini, Paolo, Pirastu, M, Jukema, Jw, Probst Hensch, Nm, Kronenberg, F, Toniolo, D, Gudnason, V, Shuldiner, Ar, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Ferrucci, L, van Duijn, Cm, Borecki, I, Kardia, Sl, Liu, Y, Curhan, Gc, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, Jf, Franke, A, Pramstaller, Pp, Rettig, R, Prokopenko, I, Witteman, J, Hayward, C, Ridker, Pm, Bochud, M, Heid, Im, Siscovick, D, Fox, C, Kao, Wl, Böger, Ca, Epidemiology, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Clinical Genetics, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Kidney Disease, Kidney/physiology, Population, 030232 urology & nephrology, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, Kidney, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Chronic/genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Databases, 0302 clinical medicine, Genetic, Gene Frequency, Clinical Research, Databases, Genetic, OMIM : Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Polymorphism, European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics, education, Mendelian kidney disease, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Genetic Variation, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, General Medicine, Single Nucleotide, ta3121, Kidney disease, renal function, genetic variants, 3. Good health, Minor allele frequency, Phenotype, Nephrology, Mendelian inheritance, symbols, Common disease-common variant, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Many common genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies for complex traits map to genes previously linked to rare inherited Mendelian disorders. A systematic analysis of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes responsible for Mendelian diseases with kidney phenotypes has not been performed. We thus developed a comprehensive database of genes for Mendelian kidney conditions and evaluated the association between common genetic variants within these genes and kidney function in the general population. Using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, we identified 731 unique disease entries related to specific renal search terms and confirmed a kidney phenotype in 218 of these entries, corresponding to mutations in 258 genes. We interrogated common SNPs (minor allele frequency >5%) within these genes for association with the estimated GFR in 74,354 European-ancestry participants from the CKDGen Consortium. However, the top four candidate SNPs (rs6433115 at LRP2, rs1050700 at TSC1, rs249942 at PALB2, and rs9827843 at ROBO2) did not achieve significance in a stage 2 meta-analysis performed in 56,246 additional independent individuals, indicating that these common SNPs are not associated with estimated GFR. The effect of less common or rare variants in these genes on kidney function in the general population and disease-specific cohorts requires further research.
Published: 2013
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13. Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations

Author: Jacqueline C.M. Witteman, Nicole Probst-Hensch, Gail Davies, Anna Köttgen, Qunyuan Zhang, Pio D'Adamo, Nicholas G. Martin, Silvia Tore, Stephan J. L. Bakker, Gian Andri Thun, Cinzia Sala, Peter P. Pramstaller, Tamara B. Harris, Aaron Isaacs, Sheila Ulivi, Rossella Sorice, Xuan Liu, Andrew A. Hicks, Henry Völzke, Daniela Ruggiero, Arnold von Eckardstein, Yukinori Okada, Andres Metspalu, Jeffrey Metter, Serena Sanna, Jennifer E. Huffman, Philipp S. Wild, Florian Ernst, Eva Albrecht, Mary F. Feitosa, Claudia Schurmann, Kathrin Budde, Veikko Salomaa, Darina Czamara, Elizabeth G. Holliday, Marcel Bruinenberg, Laura Portas, Maris Laan, Alan J. Gow, Caroline Hayward, Tim D. Spector, Ozren Polasek, Ilja M. Nolte, Rodney J. Scott, Massimo Mangino, David S. Siscovick, Nilesh J. Samani, Toomas Haller, Laura Frogheri, A. Jula, Mika Kähönen, Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel, Caroline S. Fox, David R. Jacobs, Julia Shi, Yusuke Nakamura, Daniel I. Chasman, Fabian J. Theis, Alan F. Wright, Ayse Demirkan, Francesco Cucca, Paolo Gasparini, Paul M. Ridker, Olli T. Raitakari, Daniela Toniolo, Maristella Steri, Mario Pirastu, Susan Campbell, Maksim Struchalin, So-Youn Shin, Mark J. Caulfield, H.-Erich Wichmann, Grant W. Montgomery, Åsa Johansson, Alexander Teumer, Ulf Gyllensten, Robert M. Plenge, Michel Burnier, Michael Schallert, Jan Krumsiek, Jing Hua Zhao, Andres Salumets, Poorva Mudgal, Anke Tönjes, James F. Meschia, Gauti Kjartan Gislason, Perttu Salo, Angela Döring, Afshin Parsa, Vilmundur Gudnason, Patrick F. McArdle, Rita P. S. Middelberg, W. H. Linda Kao, Aldi Kraja, Christopher Oldmeadow, Adrienne Tin, Loic Yengo, Murielle Bochud, Gerjan Navis, Christian Gieger, Toshiko Tanaka, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Samuli Ripatti, Terho Lehtimäki, Claudia Langenberg, Bernhard O. Boehm, Conall M. O'Seaghdha, Eric Boerwinkle, Nicole Soranzo, Tõnu Esko, Susan M. Farrington, Mike A. Nalls, John F. Peden, Hyon K. Choi, Anuj Goel, Andrew D. Johnson, Norman Klopp, Anne Grotevendt, Halit Ongen, Marcus E. Kleber, Myriam Fornage, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Igor Rudan, Federico Murgia, Beverley Balkau, Jorma Viikari, Christopher P. Nelson, Gérard Waeber, Lenore J. Launer, Ivana Persico, Inga Prokopenko, Guo Li, Tatijana Zemunik, Elisabetta Trabetti, Tanja Zeller, Hugh Watkins, Qiong Yang, James F. Wilson, Peter Vollenweider, Veronique Vitart, Markus Perola, Nicola Pirastu, Olivier Devuyst, Irene Mateo Leach, John Attia, Bruce M. Psaty, Nicholas J. Wareham, Susanne Lucae, Josef Coresh, Ingrid B. Borecki, Claudia Hundertmark, Weihua Zhang, Luigi Ferrucci, Jaspal S. Kooner, Stefan Kloiber, Lynda M. Rose, Naoyuki Kamatani, Zoltán Kutalik, Giovanni Malerba, Ian J. Deary, Albert V. Smith, Helena Schmidt, Eva Lattka, Philippe Froguel, Harry Campbell, Medea Imboden, Antonio Lupo, Angelo L. Gaffo, Vasiliki Lagou, Alan R. Shuldiner, John Whitfield, Abbas Dehghan, Winfried März, Elin Org, Albert Hofman, Margus Viigimaa, Konstantin Strauch, Toshihiro Tanaka, Andrew B. Singleton, Stefania Bandinelli, Christian Hengstenberg, Xinzhong Li, Wiek H. van Gilst, Pim van der Harst, Giorgio Pistis, Jerome I. Rotter, Maria Grazia Piras, Gary C. Curhan, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Ramaiah Nagaraja, Nabila Bouatia-Naji, Christian Müller, Ronald P. Stolk, Pau Navarro, Lorna M. Lopez, Ruth J. F. Loos, Albert Tenesa, Johannes H. Smit, Peter Kraft, Giovanni Gambaro, Sarah H. Wild, Patricia B. Munroe, André G. Uitterlinden, Ivana Kolcic, Bernhard R. Winkelmann, Pankaj Sharma, John C. Chambers, Nicholas D. Hastie, Matthias Nauck, Harold Snieder, Michael Stumvoll, Reinhold Schmidt, Hans L. Hillege, Kiang Liu, Fernando Rivadeneira, Owen M. Woodward, Morris J. Brown, Margus Putku, Sabine Schipf, Mirna Kirin, Kay-Tee Khaw, Melanie Waldenberger, Evropi Theodoratou, Marina Ciullo, Michiaki Kubo, Köttgen, A, Albrecht, E, Teumer, A, Vitart, V, Krumsiek, J, Hundertmark, C, Pistis, G, Ruggiero, D, O'Seaghdha, Cm, Haller, T, Yang, Q, Tanaka, T, Johnson, Ad, Kutalik, Z, Smith, Av, Shi, J, Struchalin, M, Middelberg, Rp, Brown, Mj, Gaffo, Al, Pirastu, Nicola, Li, G, Hayward, C, Zemunik, T, Huffman, J, Yengo, L, Zhao, Jh, Demirkan, A, Feitosa, Mf, Liu, X, Malerba, G, Lopez, Lm, van der Harst, P, Li, X, Kleber, Me, Hicks, Aa, Nolte, Im, Johansson, A, Murgia, F, Wild, Sh, Bakker, Sj, Peden, Jf, Dehghan, A, Steri, M, Tenesa, A, Lagou, V, Salo, P, Mangino, M, Rose, Lm, Lehtimäki, T, Woodward, Om, Okada, Y, Tin, A, Müller, C, Oldmeadow, C, Putku, M, Czamara, D, Kraft, P, Frogheri, L, Thun, Ga, Grotevendt, A, Gislason, Gk, Harris, Tb, Launer, Lj, Mcardle, P, Shuldiner, Ar, Boerwinkle, E, Coresh, J, Schmidt, H, Schallert, M, Martin, Ng, Montgomery, Gw, Kubo, M, Nakamura, Y, Munroe, Pb, Samani, Nj, Jacobs DR, Jr, Liu, K, D'Adamo, ADAMO PIO, Ulivi, S, Rotter, Ji, Psaty, Bm, Vollenweider, P, Waeber, G, Campbell, S, Devuyst, O, Navarro, P, Kolcic, I, Hastie, N, Balkau, B, Froguel, P, Esko, T, Salumets, A, Khaw, Kt, Langenberg, C, Wareham, Nj, Isaacs, A, Kraja, A, Zhang, Q, Wild, P, Scott, Rj, Holliday, Eg, Org, E, Viigimaa, M, Bandinelli, S, Metter, Je, Lupo, A, Trabetti, E, Sorice, R, Döring, A, Lattka, E, Strauch, K, Theis, F, Waldenberger, M, Wichmann, He, Davies, G, Gow, Aj, Bruinenberg, M, Stolk, Rp, Kooner, J, Zhang, W, Winkelmann, Br, Boehm, Bo, Lucae, S, Penninx, Bw, Smit, Jh, Curhan, G, Mudgal, P, Plenge, Rm, Portas, L, Persico, I, Kirin, M, Wilson, Jf, Leach, Im, van Gilst, Wh, Goel, A, Ongen, H, Hofman, A, Rivadeneira, F, Uitterlinden, Ag, Imboden, M, von Eckardstein, A, Cucca, F, Nagaraja, R, Piras, Mg, Nauck, M, Schurmann, C, Budde, K, Ernst, F, Farrington, Sm, Theodoratou, E, Prokopenko, I, Stumvoll, M, Jula, A, Perola, M, Salomaa, V, Shin, Sy, Spector, Td, Sala, C, Ridker, Pm, Kähönen, M, Viikari, J, Hengstenberg, C, Nelson, Cp, Meschia, Jf, Nalls, Ma, Sharma, P, Singleton, Ab, Kamatani, N, Zeller, T, Burnier, M, Attia, J, Laan, M, Klopp, N, Hillege, Hl, Kloiber, S, Choi, H, Pirastu, M, Tore, S, Probst Hensch, Nm, Völzke, H, Gudnason, V, Parsa, A, Schmidt, R, Whitfield, Jb, Fornage, M, Gasparini, Paolo, Siscovick, D, Polašek, O, Campbell, H, Rudan, I, Bouatia Naji, N, Metspalu, A, Loos, Rj, van Duijn, Cm, Borecki, Ib, Ferrucci, L, Gambaro, G, Deary, Ij, Wolffenbuttel, Bh, Chambers, Jc, März, W, Pramstaller, Pp, Snieder, H, Gyllensten, U, Wright, Af, Navis, G, Watkins, H, Witteman, Jc, Sanna, S, Schipf, S, Dunlop, Mg, Tönjes, A, Ripatti, S, Soranzo, N, Toniolo, D, Chasman, Di, Raitakari, O, Kao, Wh, Ciullo, M, Fox, C, Caulfield, M, Bochud, M, Gieger, C, LifeLines Cohort, Study, Cardiogram, Consortium, Diagram, Consortium, Icbp, Consortium, Magic, Consortium, Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Vascular Ageing Programme (VAP), Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (CLDM), Psychiatry, EMGO - Mental health, EMGO+ - Mental Health, LifeLines Cohort Study, CARDIoGRAM Consortium, DIAGRAM Consortium, ICBP Consortium, MAGIC Consortium, Epidemiology, Public Health, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Candidate gene, Inhibins/genetics, Genome-wide association study, GENETIC-LOCI, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, serum urate, Gene Frequency, Gout/blood, association analysis, serum urate, Glucose/metabolism, Settore MED/14 - NEFROLOGIA, Hyperuricemia, serum, urate, gene, POPULATION, METABOLIC SYNDROME, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, 3. Good health, HYPERURICEMIA, Genetic Loci/genetics, SLC22A12, Single Nucleotide/genetics, SNPs, Signal Transduction, MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, serum urate concentrations, gout, genome-wide meta-analysis, European Continental Ancestry Group, Population, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Uric Acid/blood, serum urate concentrations, genome-wide meta-analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, uric acid, medicine, Humans, Inhibins, Polymorphism, education, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Analysis of Variance, GOUT, IDENTIFICATION, TRANSPORTER, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE RISK, ta3121, medicine.disease, association analysis, Gout, meta-analysis, Glucose, chemistry, Genetic Loci, genome-wide association studies, biology.protein, Signal Transduction/genetics, Uric acid, URIC-ACID LEVELS, Genome-Wide Association Study, SLC2A9
Abstract: Elevated serum urate concentrations can cause gout, a prevalent and painful inflammatory arthritis. By combining data from >140,000 individuals of European ancestry within the Global Urate Genetics Consortium (GUGC), we identified and replicated 28 genome-wide significant loci in association with serum urate concentrations (18 new regions in or near TRIM46, INHBB, SFMBT1, TMEM171, VEGFA, BAZ1B, PRKAG2, STC1, HNF4G, A1CF, ATXN2, UBE2Q2, IGF1R, NFAT5, MAF, HLF, ACVR1B-ACVRL1 and B3GNT4). Associations for many of the loci were of similar magnitude in individuals of non-European ancestry. We further characterized these loci for associations with gout, transcript expression and the fractional excretion of urate. Network analyses implicate the inhibins-activins signaling pathways and glucose metabolism in systemic urate control. New candidate genes for serum urate concentration highlight the importance of metabolic control of urate production and excretion, which may have implications for the treatment and prevention of gout. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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14. Novel regulatory variant in ABO intronic RUNX1 binding site inducing A 3 phenotype.

Author: Thun GA, Gueuning M, Sigurdardottir S, Meyer E, Gourri E, Schneider L, Merki Y, Trost N, Neuenschwander K, Engström C, Frey BM, Meyer S, and Mattle-Greminger MP
Subjects: Humans, Introns genetics, Phenotype, Alleles, Binding Sites, Genotype, Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit genetics, ABO Blood-Group System genetics
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Mixed-field agglutination in ABO phenotyping (A 3 , B 3 ) has been linked to genetically different blood cell populations such as in chimerism, or to rare variants in either ABO exon 7 or regulatory regions. Clarification of such cases is challenging and would greatly benefit from sequencing technologies that allow resolving full-gene haplotypes at high resolution., Materials and Methods: We used long-read sequencing by Oxford Nanopore Technologies to sequence the entire ABO gene, amplified in two overlapping long-range PCR fragments, in a blood donor presented with A 3 B phenotype. Confirmation analyses were carried out by Sanger sequencing and included samples from other family members., Results: Our data revealed a novel heterozygous g.10924C>A variant on the ABO*A allele located in the transcription factor binding site for RUNX1 in intron 1 (+5.8 kb site). Inheritance was shown by the results of the donor's mother, who shared the novel variant and the anti-A specific mixed-field agglutination., Conclusion: We discovered a regulatory variant in the 8-bp RUNX1 motif of ABO, which extends current knowledge of three other variants affecting the same motif and also leading to A 3 or B 3 phenotypes. Overall, long-range PCR combined with nanopore sequencing proved powerful and showed great potential as an emerging strategy for resolving cases with cryptic ABO phenotypes., (© 2024 International Society of Blood Transfusion.)
Published: 2024
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15. Resolving Genotype-Phenotype Discrepancies of the Kidd Blood Group System Using Long-Read Nanopore Sequencing.

Author: Gueuning M, Thun GA, Trost N, Schneider L, Sigurdardottir S, Engström C, Larbes N, Merki Y, Frey BM, Gassner C, Meyer S, and Mattle-Greminger MP
Abstract: Due to substantial improvements in read accuracy, third-generation long-read sequencing holds great potential in blood group diagnostics, particularly in cases where traditional genotyping or sequencing techniques, primarily targeting exons, fail to explain serological phenotypes. In this study, we employed Oxford Nanopore sequencing to resolve all genotype-phenotype discrepancies in the Kidd blood group system (JK, encoded by SLC14A1 ) observed over seven years of routine high-throughput donor genotyping using a mass spectrometry-based platform at the Blood Transfusion Service, Zurich. Discrepant results from standard serological typing and donor genotyping were confirmed using commercial PCR-SSP kits. To resolve discrepancies, we amplified the entire coding region of SLC14A1 (~24 kb, exons 3 to 10) in two overlapping long-range PCRs in all samples. Amplicons were barcoded and sequenced on a MinION flow cell. Sanger sequencing and bridge-PCRs were used to confirm findings. Among 11,972 donors with both serological and genotype data available for the Kidd system, we identified 10 cases with unexplained conflicting results. Five were linked to known weak and null alleles caused by variants not included in the routine donor genotyping. In two cases, we identified novel null alleles on the JK*01 (Gly40Asp; c.119G>A) and JK*02 (Gly242Glu; c.725G>A) haplotypes, respectively. Remarkably, the remaining three cases were associated with a yet unknown deletion of ~5 kb spanning exons 9-10 of the JK*01 allele, which other molecular methods had failed to detect. Overall, nanopore sequencing demonstrated reliable and accurate performance for detecting both single-nucleotide and structural variants. It possesses the potential to become a robust tool in the molecular diagnostic portfolio, particularly for addressing challenging structural variants such as hybrid genes, deletions and duplications.
Published: 2024
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16. First Report of a Low-Frequency Mosaic Mutation in the Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase Gene Causing Acute Intermittent Porphyria.

Author: Belosevic A, Minder AE, Gueuning M, van Breemen F, Thun GA, Mattle-Greminger MP, Meyer S, Baumer A, Minder EI, Schneider-Yin X, and Barman-Aksözen J
Abstract: Acute porphyrias are a group of monogenetic inborn errors of heme biosynthesis, characterized by acute and potentially life-threatening neurovisceral attacks upon exposure to certain triggering factors. Biochemical analyses can determine the type of acute porphyria, and subsequent genetic analysis allows for the identification of pathogenic variants in the specific gene, which provides information for family counselling. In 2017, a male Swiss patient was diagnosed with an acute porphyria while suffering from an acute attack. The pattern of porphyrin metabolite excretion in urine, faeces, and plasma was typical for an acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), which is caused by inherited autosomal dominant mutations in the gene for hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), the third enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. However, the measurement of HMBS enzymatic activity in the erythrocytes was within the normal range and Sanger sequencing of the HMBS gene failed to detect any pathogenic variants. To explore the molecular basis of the apparent AIP in this patient, we performed third-generation long-read single-molecule sequencing (nanopore sequencing) on a PCR product spanning the entire HMBS gene, including the intronic sequences. We identified a known pathogenic variant, c.77G>A, p.(Arg26His), in exon 3 at an allelic frequency of ~22% in the patient's blood. The absence of the pathogenic variant in the DNA of the parents and the results of additional confirmatory studies supported the presence of a de novo mosaic mutation. To our knowledge, such a mutation has not been previously described in any acute porphyria. Therefore, de novo mosaic mutations should be considered as potential causes of acute porphyrias when no pathogenic genetic variant can be identified through routine molecular diagnostics.
Published: 2023
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17. Haplotype sequence collection of ABO blood group alleles by long-read sequencing reveals putative A1-diagnostic variants.

Author: Gueuning M, Thun GA, Wittig M, Galati AL, Meyer S, Trost N, Gourri E, Fuss J, Sigurdardottir S, Merki Y, Neuenschwander K, Busch Y, Trojok P, Schäfer M, Gottschalk J, Franke A, Gassner C, Peter W, Frey BM, and Mattle-Greminger MP
Subjects: Humans, Alleles, Haplotypes, Phylogeny, Genotype, ABO Blood-Group System genetics
Abstract: In the era of blood group genomics, reference collections of complete and fully resolved blood group gene alleles have gained high importance. For most blood groups, however, such collections are currently lacking, as resolving full-length gene sequences as haplotypes (ie, separated maternal/paternal origin) remains exceedingly difficult with both Sanger and short-read next-generation sequencing. Using the latest third-generation long-read sequencing, we generated a collection of fully resolved sequences for all 6 main ABO allele groups: ABO∗A1/A2/B/O.01.01/O.01.02/O.02. We selected 77 samples from an ABO genotype data set (n = 25 200) of serologically typed Swiss blood donors. The entire ABO gene was amplified in 2 overlapping long-range polymerase chain reactions (covering ∼23.6 kb) and sequenced by long-read Oxford Nanopore sequencing. For quality validation, 2 samples per ABO group were resequenced using Illumina and Pacific Biosciences technology. All 154 full-length ABO sequences were resolved as haplotypes. We observed novel, distinct sequence patterns for each ABO group. Most genetic diversity was found between, not within, ABO groups. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses highlighted distinct clades of each ABO group. Strikingly, our data uncovered 4 genetic variants putatively specific for ABO∗A1, for which direct diagnostic targets are currently lacking. We validated A1-diagnostic potential using whole-genome data (n = 4872) of a multiethnic cohort. Overall, our sequencing strategy proved powerful for producing high-quality ABO haplotypes and holds promise for generating similar collections for other blood groups. The publicly available collection of 154 haplotypes will serve as a valuable resource for molecular analyses of ABO, as well as studies about the function and evolutionary history of ABO., (© 2023 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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18. The ulcerative colitis-associated gene FUT8 regulates the quantity and quality of secreted mucins.

Author: Cantero-Recasens G, Burballa C, Ohkawa Y, Fukuda T, Harada Y, Curwin AJ, Brouwers N, Thun GA, Gu J, Gut I, Taniguchi N, and Malhotra V
Subjects: Animals, Mice, Inflammation, Mucin-2 genetics, Mucin-2 metabolism, HT29 Cells, Colitis, Ulcerative genetics, Colitis, Ulcerative metabolism, Fucosyltransferases genetics
Abstract: Mucins are the main macrocomponents of the mucus layer that protects the digestive tract from pathogens. Fucosylation of mucins increases mucus viscoelasticity and its resistance to shear stress. These properties are altered in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), which is marked by a chronic inflammation of the distal part of the colon. Here, we show that levels of Fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) and specific mucins are increased in the distal inflamed colon of UC patients. Recapitulating this FUT8 overexpression in mucin-producing HT29-18N2 colonic cell line increases delivery of MUC1 to the plasma membrane and extracellular release of MUC2 and MUC5AC. Mucins secreted by FUT8 overexpressing cells are more resistant to removal from the cell surface than mucins secreted by FUT8-depleted cells (FUT8 KD). FUT8 KD causes intracellular accumulation of MUC1 and alters the ratio of secreted MUC2 to MUC5AC. These data fit well with the Fut8 -/- mice phenotype, which are protected from UC. Fut8 -/- mice exhibit a thinner proximal colon mucus layer with an altered ratio of neutral to acidic mucins. Together, our data reveal that FUT8 modifies the biophysical properties of mucus by controlling levels of cell surface MUC1 and quantity and quality of secreted MUC2 and MUC5AC. We suggest that these changes in mucus viscoelasticity likely facilitate bacterial-epithelial interactions leading to inflammation and UC progression.
Published: 2022
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19. Blood eosinophil count and airway epithelial transcriptome relationships in COPD versus asthma.

Author: George L, Taylor AR, Esteve-Codina A, Soler Artigas M, Thun GA, Bates S, Pavlidis S, Wagers S, Boland A, Prasse A, Boschetto P, Parr DG, Nowinski A, Barta I, Hohlfeld J, Greulich T, van den Berge M, Hiemstra PS, Timens W, Hinks T, Wenzel S, Siddiqui S, Richardson M, Venge P, Heath S, Gut I, Tobin MD, Edwards L, Riley JH, Djukanovic R, Auffray C, De-Meulder B, Erik-Dahlen S, Adcock IM, Chung KF, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Sterk PJ, Singh D, and Brightling CE
Subjects: Aged, Asthma blood, Biomarkers blood, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin E blood, Leukocyte Count, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, RNA-Seq, Th2 Cells immunology, Asthma genetics, Asthma immunology, Eosinophils immunology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive immunology, Respiratory Mucosa immunology, Transcriptome
Abstract: Background: Whether the clinical or pathophysiologic significance of the "treatable trait" high blood eosinophil count in COPD is the same as for asthma remains controversial. We sought to determine the relationship between the blood eosinophil count, clinical characteristics and gene expression from bronchial brushings in COPD and asthma., Methods: Subjects were recruited into a COPD (emphysema versus airway disease [EvA]) or asthma cohort (Unbiased BIOmarkers in PREDiction of respiratory disease outcomes, U-BIOPRED). We determined gene expression using RNAseq in EvA (n = 283) and Affymetrix microarrays in U-BIOPRED (n = 85). We ran linear regression analysis of the bronchial brushings transcriptional signal versus blood eosinophil counts as well as differential expression using a blood eosinophil > 200 cells/μL as a cut-off. The false discovery rate was controlled at 1% (with continuous values) and 5% (with dichotomized values)., Results: There were no differences in age, gender, lung function, exercise capacity and quantitative computed tomography between eosinophilic versus noneosinophilic COPD cases. Total serum IgE was increased in eosinophilic asthma and COPD. In EvA, there were 12 genes with a statistically significant positive association with the linear blood eosinophil count, whereas in U-BIOPRED, 1197 genes showed significant associations (266 positive and 931 negative). The transcriptome showed little overlap between genes and pathways associated with blood eosinophil counts in asthma versus COPD. Only CST1 was common to eosinophilic asthma and COPD and was replicated in independent cohorts., Conclusion: Despite shared "treatable traits" between asthma and COPD, the molecular mechanisms underlying these clinical entities are predominately different., (© 2019 The Authors. Allergy published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2020
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20. High degree of polyclonality hinders somatic mutation calling in lung brush samples of COPD cases and controls.

Author: Thun GA, Derdak S, Castro-Giner F, Apunte-Ramos K, Águeda L, Wjst M, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Kolsum U, Heiss-Neumann MS, Nowinski A, Gorecka D, Hohlfeld JM, Welte T, Brightling CE, Parr DG, Prasse A, Müller-Quernheim J, Greulich T, Stendardo M, Boschetto P, Barta I, Döme B, Gut M, Singh D, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, and Gut IG
Subjects: Aged, Biopsy, Cigarette Smoking adverse effects, Computational Biology, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Respiratory Function Tests, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Whole Genome Sequencing, Biomarkers, Genetic Association Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lung metabolism, Lung pathology, Mutation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive etiology
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is induced by cigarette smoking and characterized by inflammation of airway tissue. Since smokers with COPD have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than those without, we hypothesized that they carry more mutations in affected tissue. We called somatic mutations in airway brush samples from medium-coverage whole genome sequencing data from healthy never and ex-smokers (n = 8), as well as from ex-smokers with variable degrees of COPD (n = 4). Owing to the limited concordance of resulting calls between the applied tools we built a consensus, a strategy that was validated with high accuracy for cancer data. However, consensus calls showed little promise of representing true positives due to low mappability of corresponding sequence reads and high overlap with positions harbouring known genetic polymorphisms. A targeted re-sequencing approach suggested that only few mutations would survive stringent verification testing and that our data did not allow the inference of any difference in the mutational load of bronchial brush samples between former smoking COPD cases and controls. High polyclonality in airway brush samples renders medium-depth sequencing insufficient to provide the resolution to detect somatic mutations. Deep sequencing data of airway biopsies are needed to tackle the question.
Published: 2019
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21. Recurrent somatic mutations reveal new insights into consequences of mutagenic processes in cancer.

Author: Stobbe MD, Thun GA, Diéguez-Docampo A, Oliva M, Whalley JP, Raineri E, and Gut IG
Subjects: Cohort Studies, Databases, Nucleic Acid, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Humans, INDEL Mutation genetics, Mutagenesis genetics, Mutation genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Sequence Deletion genetics, Computational Biology methods, Neoplasms classification, Neoplasms genetics
Abstract: The sheer size of the human genome makes it improbable that identical somatic mutations at the exact same position are observed in multiple tumours solely by chance. The scarcity of cancer driver mutations also precludes positive selection as the sole explanation. Therefore, recurrent mutations may be highly informative of characteristics of mutational processes. To explore the potential, we use recurrence as a starting point to cluster >2,500 whole genomes of a pan-cancer cohort. We describe each genome with 13 recurrence-based and 29 general mutational features. Using principal component analysis we reduce the dimensionality and create independent features. We apply hierarchical clustering to the first 18 principal components followed by k-means clustering. We show that the resulting 16 clusters capture clinically relevant cancer phenotypes. High levels of recurrent substitutions separate the clusters that we link to UV-light exposure and deregulated activity of POLE from the one representing defective mismatch repair, which shows high levels of recurrent insertions/deletions. Recurrence of both mutation types characterizes cancer genomes with somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes and the cluster of genomes exposed to gastric acid. Low levels of recurrence are observed for the cluster where tobacco-smoke exposure induces mutagenesis and the one linked to increased activity of cytidine deaminases. Notably, the majority of substitutions are recurrent in a single tumour type, while recurrent insertions/deletions point to shared processes between tumour types. Recurrence also reveals susceptible sequence motifs, including TT[C>A]TTT and AAC[T>G]T for the POLE and 'gastric-acid exposure' clusters, respectively. Moreover, we refine knowledge of mutagenesis, including increased C/G deletion levels in general for lung tumours and specifically in midsize homopolymer sequence contexts for microsatellite instable tumours. Our findings are an important step towards the development of a generic cancer diagnostic test for clinical practice based on whole-genome sequencing that could replace multiple diagnostics currently in use., Competing Interests: The authors declare that a European Patent Application relating the described methodology has been filed, and is pending, on behalf of the Center for Genomic Regulation. The authors have declared that no further competing interests exist.
Published: 2019
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22. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: From the lung to the heart?

Author: Curjuric I, Imboden M, Bettschart R, Caviezel S, Dratva J, Pons M, Rothe T, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Stolz D, Thun GA, von Eckardstein A, Kronenberg F, Ferrarotti I, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Aged, Blood Pressure genetics, Carotid Artery Diseases blood, Carotid Artery Diseases diagnostic imaging, Carotid Artery Diseases genetics, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Hypertension blood, Hypertension diagnosis, Hypertension genetics, Male, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Switzerland, alpha 1-Antitrypsin blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency diagnosis, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency genetics, Carotid Artery Diseases etiology, Hypertension etiology, Mutation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive etiology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin genetics, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency complications
Abstract: Background and Aims: Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is the most abundant serine protease inhibitor in human blood and exerts important anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects. In combination with smoking or other long-term noxious exposures such as occupational dust and fumes, genetic A1AT deficiency can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a condition with elevated cardiovascular risk. The effects of A1AT deficiency on cardiovascular risk have hardly been studied today., Methods: Using data from 2614 adults from the population-based SAPALDIA cohort, we tested associations of serum A1AT and SERPINA1 mutations with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT, measured by B-mode ultrasonography) or self-reported arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease in multiple regression models using a Mendelian Randomization like analysis design. Mutations Pi-S and Pi-Z were coded as ordinal genotype score (MM, MS, MZ/SS, SZ and ZZ), according to their progressive biological impact., Results: Serum A1AT concentration presented a u-shaped association with CIMT. At the lower end of the A1AT distribution, an analogous, linear association between SERPINA1 score and higher CIMT was observed, resulting in an estimated 1.2% (95%-confidence interval -0.1-2.5) increase in CIMT per unit (p = 0.060). Genotype score was significantly associated with arterial hypertension with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.2 (1.0-1.5) per unit (p = 0.028). The association with cardiovascular disease was not significant (OR 1.3 (0.9-1.9))., Conclusions: Our results support a possible causal relationship between genetic A1AT deficiency and increased cardiovascular risk, which needs to be better taken into account for the management of affected patients and first-degree relatives., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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23. Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function.

Author: Pattaro C, Teumer A, Gorski M, Chu AY, Li M, Mijatovic V, Garnaas M, Tin A, Sorice R, Li Y, Taliun D, Olden M, Foster M, Yang Q, Chen MH, Pers TH, Johnson AD, Ko YA, Fuchsberger C, Tayo B, Nalls M, Feitosa MF, Isaacs A, Dehghan A, d'Adamo P, Adeyemo A, Dieffenbach AK, Zonderman AB, Nolte IM, van der Most PJ, Wright AF, Shuldiner AR, Morrison AC, Hofman A, Smith AV, Dreisbach AW, Franke A, Uitterlinden AG, Metspalu A, Tonjes A, Lupo A, Robino A, Johansson Å, Demirkan A, Kollerits B, Freedman BI, Ponte B, Oostra BA, Paulweber B, Krämer BK, Mitchell BD, Buckley BM, Peralta CA, Hayward C, Helmer C, Rotimi CN, Shaffer CM, Müller C, Sala C, van Duijn CM, Saint-Pierre A, Ackermann D, Shriner D, Ruggiero D, Toniolo D, Lu Y, Cusi D, Czamara D, Ellinghaus D, Siscovick DS, Ruderfer D, Gieger C, Grallert H, Rochtchina E, Atkinson EJ, Holliday EG, Boerwinkle E, Salvi E, Bottinger EP, Murgia F, Rivadeneira F, Ernst F, Kronenberg F, Hu FB, Navis GJ, Curhan GC, Ehret GB, Homuth G, Coassin S, Thun GA, Pistis G, Gambaro G, Malerba G, Montgomery GW, Eiriksdottir G, Jacobs G, Li G, Wichmann HE, Campbell H, Schmidt H, Wallaschofski H, Völzke H, Brenner H, Kroemer HK, Kramer H, Lin H, Leach IM, Ford I, Guessous I, Rudan I, Prokopenko I, Borecki I, Heid IM, Kolcic I, Persico I, Jukema JW, Wilson JF, Felix JF, Divers J, Lambert JC, Stafford JM, Gaspoz JM, Smith JA, Faul JD, Wang JJ, Ding J, Hirschhorn JN, Attia J, Whitfield JB, Chalmers J, Viikari J, Coresh J, Denny JC, Karjalainen J, Fernandes JK, Endlich K, Butterbach K, Keene KL, Lohman K, Portas L, Launer LJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Yengo L, Franke L, Ferrucci L, Rose LM, Kedenko L, Rao M, Struchalin M, Kleber ME, Cavalieri M, Haun M, Cornelis MC, Ciullo M, Pirastu M, de Andrade M, McEvoy MA, Woodward M, Adam M, Cocca M, Nauck M, Imboden M, Waldenberger M, Pruijm M, Metzger M, Stumvoll M, Evans MK, Sale MM, Kähönen M, Boban M, Bochud M, Rheinberger M, Verweij N, Bouatia-Naji N, Martin NG, Hastie N, Probst-Hensch N, Soranzo N, Devuyst O, Raitakari O, Gottesman O, Franco OH, Polasek O, Gasparini P, Munroe PB, Ridker PM, Mitchell P, Muntner P, Meisinger C, Smit JH, Kovacs P, Wild PS, Froguel P, Rettig R, Mägi R, Biffar R, Schmidt R, Middelberg RP, Carroll RJ, Penninx BW, Scott RJ, Katz R, Sedaghat S, Wild SH, Kardia SL, Ulivi S, Hwang SJ, Enroth S, Kloiber S, Trompet S, Stengel B, Hancock SJ, Turner ST, Rosas SE, Stracke S, Harris TB, Zeller T, Zemunik T, Lehtimäki T, Illig T, Aspelund T, Nikopensius T, Esko T, Tanaka T, Gyllensten U, Völker U, Emilsson V, Vitart V, Aalto V, Gudnason V, Chouraki V, Chen WM, Igl W, März W, Koenig W, Lieb W, Loos RJ, Liu Y, Snieder H, Pramstaller PP, Parsa A, O'Connell JR, Susztak K, Hamet P, Tremblay J, de Boer IH, Böger CA, Goessling W, Chasman DI, Köttgen A, Kao WH, and Fox CS
Subjects: Gene Expression Regulation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic genetics
Abstract: Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways.
Published: 2016
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24. Modification of the association between PM10 and lung function decline by cadherin 13 polymorphisms in the SAPALDIA cohort: a genome-wide interaction analysis.

Author: Imboden M, Kumar A, Curjuric I, Adam M, Thun GA, Haun M, Tsai MY, Pons M, Bettschart R, Turk A, Rochat T, Künzli N, Schindler C, Kronenberg F, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Air Pollution adverse effects, Cadherins metabolism, Cohort Studies, Female, Genome, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Particle Size, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Air Pollutants toxicity, Cadherins genetics, Particulate Matter toxicity, Pulmonary Ventilation drug effects, Pulmonary Ventilation genetics
Abstract: Background: Both air pollution and genetic variation have been shown to affect lung function. Their interaction has not been studied on a genome-wide scale to date., Objectives: We aimed to identify, in an agnostic fashion, genes that modify the association between long-term air pollution exposure and annual lung function decline in an adult population-based sample., Methods: A two-stage genome-wide interaction study was performed. The discovery (n = 763) and replication (n = 3,896) samples were derived from the multi-center SAPALDIA cohort (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults). Annual rate of decline in the forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) was the main end point. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to identify potential multiplicative interactions between genotypes and 11-year cumulative PM10 exposure., Results: We identified a cluster of variants intronic to the CDH13 gene as the only locus with genome-wide significant interactions. The strongest interaction was observed for rs2325934 (p = 8.8 × 10(-10)). Replication of the interaction between this CDH13 variant and cumulative PM10 exposure on annual decline in FEF25-75% was successful (p = 0.008). The interaction was not sensitive to adjustment for smoking or body weight., Conclusions: CDH13 is functionally linked to the adipokine adiponectin, an inflammatory regulator. Future studies need to confirm the interaction and assess how the result relates to previously observed interactions between air pollution and obesity on respiratory function.
Published: 2015
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25. Common genes underlying asthma and COPD? Genome-wide analysis on the Dutch hypothesis.

Author: Smolonska J, Koppelman GH, Wijmenga C, Vonk JM, Zanen P, Bruinenberg M, Curjuric I, Imboden M, Thun GA, Franke L, Probst-Hensch NM, Nürnberg P, Riemersma RA, van Schayck CP, Loth DW, Brusselle GG, Stricker BH, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Lahousse L, London SJ, Loehr LR, Manichaikul A, Barr RG, Donohue KM, Rich SS, Pare P, Bossé Y, Hao K, van den Berge M, Groen HJ, Lammers JW, Mali W, Boezen HM, and Postma DS
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Asthma genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics
Abstract: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are thought to share a genetic background ("Dutch hypothesis"). We investigated whether asthma and COPD have common underlying genetic factors, performing genome-wide association studies for both asthma and COPD and combining the results in meta-analyses. Three loci showed potential involvement in both diseases: chr2p24.3, chr5q23.1 and chr13q14.2, containing DDX1, COMMD10 (both participating in the nuclear factor (NF) κβ pathway) and GNG5P5, respectively. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9534578 in GNG5P5 reached genome-wide significance after first replication phase (p=9.96×10(-9)). The second replication phase, in seven independent cohorts, provided no significant replication. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis in blood cells and lung tissue on the top 20 associated SNPs identified two SNPs in COMMD10 that influenced gene expression. Inflammatory processes differ in asthma and COPD and are mediated by NF-κβ, which could be driven by the same underlying genes, COMMD10 and DDX1. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance. Our eQTL studies support a functional role for two COMMD10 SNPs, since they influence gene expression in both blood cells and lung tissue. Our findings suggest that there is either no common genetic component in asthma and COPD or, alternatively, different environmental factors, e.g. lifestyle and occupation in different countries and continents, which may have obscured the genetic common contribution., (The content of this work is not subject to copyright. Designand branding are ©ERS 2014.)
Published: 2014
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26. Interactions between SERPINA1 PiMZ genotype, occupational exposure and lung function decline.

Author: Mehta AJ, Thun GA, Imboden M, Ferrarotti I, Keidel D, Künzli N, Kromhout H, Miedinger D, Phuleria H, Rochat T, Russi EW, Schindler C, Schwartz J, Vermeulen R, Luisetti M, and Probst-Hensch N
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Air Pollution adverse effects, Cohort Studies, Dust, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forced Expiratory Volume, Gases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Lung Diseases etiology, Lung Diseases physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases etiology, Occupational Diseases physiopathology, Smoking adverse effects, Spirometry, Switzerland, Vital Capacity, Young Adult, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency complications, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency genetics, Genotype, Lung physiopathology, Lung Diseases genetics, Occupational Diseases genetics, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Particulate Matter adverse effects, alpha 1-Antitrypsin genetics
Abstract: Objectives: We evaluated interactions between SERPINA1 PiMZ genotype, associated with intermediate α1-antitrysin deficiency, with outdoor particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10), and occupational exposure to vapours, dusts, gases and fumes (VGDF), and their effects on annual change in lung function., Methods: Pre-bronchodilator spirometry was performed in 3739 adults of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults (SAPALDIA) for whom SERPINA1 genotypes were available. At baseline in 1991, participants were aged 18-62 years; follow-up measurements were conducted from 2001 to 2003. In linear mixed regression models of annual change in lung function, multiplicative interactions were evaluated between PiMZ genotype (PiMM as reference) and change in PM10 (μg/m(3)), and VGDF exposure (high-level, low-level or no exposure as reference) during follow-up., Results: Annual declines in forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF25-75%) (-82 mL/s, 95% CI -125 to -39) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (-0.3%, 95% CI -0.6% to 0.0%) in association with VGDF exposure were observed only in PiMZ carriers (Pinteraction<0.0001 and Pinteraction=0.03, respectively). A three-way interaction between PiMZ genotype, smoking and VGDF exposure was identified such that VGDF-associated FEF25-75% decline was observed only in ever smoking PiMZ carriers (Pinteraction=0.01). No interactions were identified between PiMZ genotype and outdoor PM10., Conclusions: SERPINA1 PiMZ genotype, in combination with smoking, modified the association between occupational VGDF exposure and longitudinal change in lung function, suggesting that interactions between these factors are relevant for lung function decline. These novel findings warrant replication in larger studies.
Published: 2014
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27. Follow-up on genome-wide main effects: do polymorphisms modify the air pollution effect on lung function decline in adults?

Author: Thun GA, Imboden M, Künzli N, Rochat T, Keidel D, Haun M, Schindler C, Kronenberg F, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adult, Air Pollution statistics & numerical data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genotype, Humans, Lung physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Air Pollutants toxicity, Genome genetics, Lung drug effects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pulmonary Ventilation drug effects, Pulmonary Ventilation genetics
Abstract: Improved air quality has been found associated with attenuated age-related decline in lung function. But whether genetic polymorphisms strongly associated with lung function play a modifying role in this attenuation process has so far not been investigated. We selected ten single nucleotide polymorphisms derived from the largest genome-wide association studies on lung function and examined whether they modified the association between the change in exposure to particulate matter ≤10μm (ΔPM10) and lung function decline. 4310 participants from the SAPALDIA cohort provided valid spirometry measurements, a detailed pulmonary health questionnaire both at baseline and 11years later as well as blood samples for genetic testing. Spatially and temporally resolved air pollution exposures were assigned on an individual level based on participants' residences. Statistically significant interactions of moderate strength with ΔPM10 were detected for rs2284746. Individuals with the CC genotype had a 21ml slower annual decline of the mid expiratory flow per 10μg/m(3) PM10 reduction over an 10-year period, while the benefits of CG and GG carriers were smaller (14 and 7ml per year, respectively; Pinteraction=0.04). The attenuated annual decline in the percentage of the forced expiratory volume in one second relative to the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was also increased with the presence of each C-allele (Pinteraction=0.009). We observed further suggestive interactions of similar magnitude in never-smokers, but none of the results would remain statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. We could not find strong evidence that lung function benefits from improved air quality are modified by polymorphisms associated with lung function level in large meta-analyzed genome-wide association studies., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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28. Common variants in Mendelian kidney disease genes and their association with renal function.

Author: Parsa A, Fuchsberger C, Köttgen A, O'Seaghdha CM, Pattaro C, de Andrade M, Chasman DI, Teumer A, Endlich K, Olden M, Chen MH, Tin A, Kim YJ, Taliun D, Li M, Feitosa M, Gorski M, Yang Q, Hundertmark C, Foster MC, Glazer N, Isaacs A, Rao M, Smith AV, O'Connell JR, Struchalin M, Tanaka T, Li G, Hwang SJ, Atkinson EJ, Lohman K, Cornelis MC, Johansson A, Tönjes A, Dehghan A, Couraki V, Holliday EG, Sorice R, Kutalik Z, Lehtimäki T, Esko T, Deshmukh H, Ulivi S, Chu AY, Murgia F, Trompet S, Imboden M, Kollerits B, Pistis G, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Mitchell BD, Boerwinkle E, Schmidt H, Hofer E, Hu F, Demirkan A, Oostra BA, Turner ST, Ding J, Andrews JS, Freedman BI, Giulianini F, Koenig W, Illig T, Döring A, Wichmann HE, Zgaga L, Zemunik T, Boban M, Minelli C, Wheeler HE, Igl W, Zaboli G, Wild SH, Wright AF, Campbell H, Ellinghaus D, Nöthlings U, Jacobs G, Biffar R, Ernst F, Homuth G, Kroemer HK, Nauck M, Stracke S, Völker U, Völzke H, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Mägi R, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Aulchenko YS, Polasek O, Hastie N, Vitart V, Helmer C, Wang JJ, Stengel B, Ruggiero D, Bergmann S, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Nikopensius T, Province M, Colhoun H, Doney A, Robino A, Krämer BK, Portas L, Ford I, Buckley BM, Adam M, Thun GA, Paulweber B, Haun M, Sala C, Mitchell P, Ciullo M, Vollenweider P, Raitakari O, Metspalu A, Palmer C, Gasparini P, Pirastu M, Jukema JW, Probst-Hensch NM, Kronenberg F, Toniolo D, Gudnason V, Shuldiner AR, Coresh J, Schmidt R, Ferrucci L, van Duijn CM, Borecki I, Kardia SL, Liu Y, Curhan GC, Rudan I, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Franke A, Pramstaller PP, Rettig R, Prokopenko I, Witteman J, Hayward C, Ridker PM, Bochud M, Heid IM, Siscovick DS, Fox CS, Kao WL, and Böger CA
Subjects: Databases, Genetic, Gene Frequency, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Phenotype, Genetic Variation, Kidney physiology, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic genetics, White People genetics
Abstract: Many common genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies for complex traits map to genes previously linked to rare inherited Mendelian disorders. A systematic analysis of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes responsible for Mendelian diseases with kidney phenotypes has not been performed. We thus developed a comprehensive database of genes for Mendelian kidney conditions and evaluated the association between common genetic variants within these genes and kidney function in the general population. Using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database, we identified 731 unique disease entries related to specific renal search terms and confirmed a kidney phenotype in 218 of these entries, corresponding to mutations in 258 genes. We interrogated common SNPs (minor allele frequency >5%) within these genes for association with the estimated GFR in 74,354 European-ancestry participants from the CKDGen Consortium. However, the top four candidate SNPs (rs6433115 at LRP2, rs1050700 at TSC1, rs249942 at PALB2, and rs9827843 at ROBO2) did not achieve significance in a stage 2 meta-analysis performed in 56,246 additional independent individuals, indicating that these common SNPs are not associated with estimated GFR. The effect of less common or rare variants in these genes on kidney function in the general population and disease-specific cohorts requires further research.
Published: 2013
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29. α₁-Antitrypsin level and pheno/genotypes.

Author: Ferrarotti I, Thun GA, Probst-Hensch NM, and Luisetti M
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Phenotype, alpha 1-Antitrypsin blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin classification, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency blood
Published: 2013
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30. The association of a variant in the cell cycle control gene CCND1 and obesity on the development of asthma in the Swiss SAPALDIA study.

Author: Thun GA, Imboden M, Berger W, Rochat T, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Asthma complications, Asthma epidemiology, Cohort Studies, DNA chemistry, DNA genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Female, Genotype, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity complications, Obesity epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prevalence, Regression Analysis, Switzerland epidemiology, Young Adult, Asthma genetics, Cyclin D1 genetics, Obesity genetics
Abstract: Objective: The molecular mechanisms underlying the association between obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) and asthma are poorly understood. Since shifts in the fate of bronchial cells due to low-grade systemic inflammation may provide a possible explanation, we investigated whether two of the best documented functional variants in cell cycle control genes modify the obesity-asthma association., Methods: We genotyped 5930 SAPALDIA cohort participants for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs9344 in the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) and rs1042522 in the gene encoding tumor protein 53 (TP53). We assessed the independent association of these SNPs and obesity with asthma prevalence and incidence., Results: The CCND1 SNP modified the association between obesity and asthma prevalence (p(interaction )= 0.03). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for reporting a physician diagnosis of asthma at baseline, comparing obese with non-obese participants, were 1.09 (0.51-2.33), 1.64 (0.94-2.88), and 3.51 (1.63-7.53) for GG, GA, and AA genotypes, respectively. We found comparable genotype differences for incident asthma within the 11 years of follow-up. As for the TP53 SNP, the interactions with obesity status with respect to asthma were not statistically significant., Conclusions: Our results suggest that obesity may contribute to asthma and associated tissue remodeling by modifying the processes related to the CCND1 gene activity.
Published: 2013
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31. Causal and synthetic associations of variants in the SERPINA gene cluster with alpha1-antitrypsin serum levels.

Author: Thun GA, Imboden M, Ferrarotti I, Kumar A, Obeidat M, Zorzetto M, Haun M, Curjuric I, Couto Alves A, Jackson VE, Albrecht E, Ried JS, Teumer A, Lopez LM, Huffman JE, Enroth S, Bossé Y, Hao K, Timens W, Gyllensten U, Polasek O, Wilson JF, Rudan I, Hayward C, Sandford AJ, Deary IJ, Koch B, Reischl E, Schulz H, Hui J, James AL, Rochat T, Russi EW, Jarvelin MR, Strachan DP, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Dahl M, Fallgaard Nielsen S, Nordestgaard BG, Kronenberg F, Luisetti M, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Denmark, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genotype, Humans, Lung pathology, Multigene Family, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive blood, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive pathology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive genetics, alpha 1-Antitrypsin blood
Abstract: Several infrequent genetic polymorphisms in the SERPINA1 gene are known to substantially reduce concentration of alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) in the blood. Since low AAT serum levels fail to protect pulmonary tissue from enzymatic degradation, these polymorphisms also increase the risk for early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role of more common SERPINA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in respiratory health remains poorly understood. We present here an agnostic investigation of genetic determinants of circulating AAT levels in a general population sample by performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 1392 individuals of the SAPALDIA cohort. Five common SNPs, defined by showing minor allele frequencies (MAFs) >5%, reached genome-wide significance, all located in the SERPINA gene cluster at 14q32.13. The top-ranking genotyped SNP rs4905179 was associated with an estimated effect of β = -0.068 g/L per minor allele (P = 1.20*10(-12)). But denser SERPINA1 locus genotyping in 5569 participants with subsequent stepwise conditional analysis, as well as exon-sequencing in a subsample (N = 410), suggested that AAT serum level is causally determined at this locus by rare (MAF<1%) and low-frequent (MAF 1-5%) variants only, in particular by the well-documented protein inhibitor S and Z (PI S, PI Z) variants. Replication of the association of rs4905179 with AAT serum levels in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (N = 8273) was successful (P<0.0001), as was the replication of its synthetic nature (the effect disappeared after adjusting for PI S and Z, P = 0.57). Extending the analysis to lung function revealed a more complex situation. Only in individuals with severely compromised pulmonary health (N = 397), associations of common SNPs at this locus with lung function were driven by rarer PI S or Z variants. Overall, our meta-analysis of lung function in ever-smokers does not support a functional role of common SNPs in the SERPINA gene cluster in the general population., Competing Interests: I have read the journal's policy and have the following conflicts: NMPH has received an unrestricted research grant from Talecris GmbH. The grant money was applied to covering part of the salary costs for GAT. IF has received educational and consultancy fees, research grant (eALTA Award), and travel support from Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH and Kedrion S.p.A. TR has received fees for consulting once in 2011 by Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH. ML travels to European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society congresses have been funded by Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH, has performed paid lectures for Kedrion S.p.A., has obtained research funds by Talecris Biotherapeutics GmbH, as well as funds for staff members. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
Published: 2013
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32. Integration of genome-wide association studies with biological knowledge identifies six novel genes related to kidney function.

Author: Chasman DI, Fuchsberger C, Pattaro C, Teumer A, Böger CA, Endlich K, Olden M, Chen MH, Tin A, Taliun D, Li M, Gao X, Gorski M, Yang Q, Hundertmark C, Foster MC, O'Seaghdha CM, Glazer N, Isaacs A, Liu CT, Smith AV, O'Connell JR, Struchalin M, Tanaka T, Li G, Johnson AD, Gierman HJ, Feitosa MF, Hwang SJ, Atkinson EJ, Lohman K, Cornelis MC, Johansson A, Tönjes A, Dehghan A, Lambert JC, Holliday EG, Sorice R, Kutalik Z, Lehtimäki T, Esko T, Deshmukh H, Ulivi S, Chu AY, Murgia F, Trompet S, Imboden M, Coassin S, Pistis G, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Mitchell BD, Boerwinkle E, Schmidt H, Cavalieri M, Rao M, Hu F, Demirkan A, Oostra BA, de Andrade M, Turner ST, Ding J, Andrews JS, Freedman BI, Giulianini F, Koenig W, Illig T, Meisinger C, Gieger C, Zgaga L, Zemunik T, Boban M, Minelli C, Wheeler HE, Igl W, Zaboli G, Wild SH, Wright AF, Campbell H, Ellinghaus D, Nöthlings U, Jacobs G, Biffar R, Ernst F, Homuth G, Kroemer HK, Nauck M, Stracke S, Völker U, Völzke H, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Mägi R, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Aulchenko YS, Polasek O, Hastie N, Vitart V, Helmer C, Wang JJ, Stengel B, Ruggiero D, Bergmann S, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Nikopensius T, Province M, Ketkar S, Colhoun H, Doney A, Robino A, Krämer BK, Portas L, Ford I, Buckley BM, Adam M, Thun GA, Paulweber B, Haun M, Sala C, Mitchell P, Ciullo M, Kim SK, Vollenweider P, Raitakari O, Metspalu A, Palmer C, Gasparini P, Pirastu M, Jukema JW, Probst-Hensch NM, Kronenberg F, Toniolo D, Gudnason V, Shuldiner AR, Coresh J, Schmidt R, Ferrucci L, Siscovick DS, van Duijn CM, Borecki IB, Kardia SL, Liu Y, Curhan GC, Rudan I, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Franke A, Pramstaller PP, Rettig R, Prokopenko I, Witteman J, Hayward C, Ridker PM, Parsa A, Bochud M, Heid IM, Kao WH, Fox CS, and Köttgen A
Subjects: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic genetics, Fusion Regulatory Protein 1, Heavy Chain genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Glomerular Filtration Rate genetics, Glomerular Filtration Rate physiology, Humans, Inhibin-beta Subunits genetics, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2 genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics
Abstract: In conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analytical approaches leveraging biological information may further understanding of the pathophysiology of clinical traits. To discover novel associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a measure of kidney function, we developed a strategy for integrating prior biological knowledge into the existing GWAS data for eGFR from the CKDGen Consortium. Our strategy focuses on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in genes that are connected by functional evidence, determined by literature mining and gene ontology (GO) hierarchies, to genes near previously validated eGFR associations. It then requires association thresholds consistent with multiple testing, and finally evaluates novel candidates by independent replication. Among the samples of European ancestry, we identified a genome-wide significant SNP in FBXL20 (P = 5.6 × 10(-9)) in meta-analysis of all available data, and additional SNPs at the INHBC, LRP2, PLEKHA1, SLC3A2 and SLC7A6 genes meeting multiple-testing corrected significance for replication and overall P-values of 4.5 × 10(-4)-2.2 × 10(-7). Neither the novel PLEKHA1 nor FBXL20 associations, both further supported by association with eGFR among African Americans and with transcript abundance, would have been implicated by eGFR candidate gene approaches. LRP2, encoding the megalin receptor, was identified through connection with the previously known eGFR gene DAB2 and extends understanding of the megalin system in kidney function. These findings highlight integration of existing genome-wide association data with independent biological knowledge to uncover novel candidate eGFR associations, including candidates lacking known connections to kidney-specific pathways. The strategy may also be applicable to other clinical phenotypes, although more testing will be needed to assess its potential for discovery in general.
Published: 2012
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33. Serum levels and genotype distribution of α1-antitrypsin in the general population.

Author: Ferrarotti I, Thun GA, Zorzetto M, Ottaviani S, Imboden M, Schindler C, von Eckardstein A, Rohrer L, Rochat T, Russi EW, Probst-Hensch NM, and Luisetti M
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Reference Values, Switzerland epidemiology, Young Adult, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency epidemiology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency genetics, alpha 1-Antitrypsin blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin genetics, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency diagnosis
Abstract: Rationale: α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is one of the commonest rare respiratory disorders worldwide. Diagnosis, assessment of risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and management of replacement therapy require the availability of precise and updated ranges for protein serum levels., Objective: This paper aims to provide ranges of serum AAT according to the main genotype classes in the general population., Methods: The authors correlated mean AAT serum levels with the main SERPINA1 variants (M1Ala/M1Val (rs6647), M3 (rs1303), M2/M4 (rs709932), S (rs17580) and Z (rs28929474)) in 6057 individuals enrolled in the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) cohort., Results: The following ranges (5th-95th percentile) of AAT were found in the serum (g/litre): 1.050-1.640 for PI*MM, 0.880-1.369 for PI*MS, 0.730-1.060 for PI*SS, 0.660-0.997 for PI*MZ and 0.490-0.660 for PI*SZ. There was very little overlap in AAT serum levels between genotype classes generally not believed to confer an enhanced health risk (MM and MS) and those associated with an intermediate AAT deficiency and a potentially mildly enhanced health risk (SS, MZ)., Conclusion: This work resulted in three important findings: technically updated and narrower serum ranges for AAT according to PI genotype; a suggestion for a population-based 'protective threshold' of AAT serum level, used in decision-making for replacement therapy; and more precise ranges framing the intermediate AAT deficiency area, a potential target for future primary prevention.
Published: 2012
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34. Genome-wide association study of lung function decline in adults with and without asthma.

Author: Imboden M, Bouzigon E, Curjuric I, Ramasamy A, Kumar A, Hancock DB, Wilk JB, Vonk JM, Thun GA, Siroux V, Nadif R, Monier F, Gonzalez JR, Wjst M, Heinrich J, Loehr LR, Franceschini N, North KE, Altmüller J, Koppelman GH, Guerra S, Kronenberg F, Lathrop M, Moffatt MF, O'Connor GT, Strachan DP, Postma DS, London SJ, Schindler C, Kogevinas M, Kauffmann F, Jarvis DL, Demenais F, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adult, Asthma diagnosis, Asthma physiopathology, Europe, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forced Expiratory Volume, Humans, Lung pathology, Male, Membrane Proteins genetics, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Tumor Suppressor Proteins genetics, Vital Capacity, Young Adult, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Lung metabolism
Abstract: Background: Genome-wide association studies have identified determinants of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung function level; however, none have addressed decline in lung function., Objective: We conducted the first genome-wide association study on the age-related decrease in FEV(1) and its ratio to forced vital capacity (FVC) stratified a priori by asthma status., Methods: Discovery cohorts included adults of European ancestry (1,441 asthmatic and 2,677 nonasthmatic participants: the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults, and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey). The associations of FEV(1) and FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease with 2.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were estimated. Thirty loci were followed up by in silico replication (1,160 asthmatic and 10,858 nonasthmatic participants: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities, the Framingham Heart Study, the British 1958 Birth Cohort, and the Dutch Asthma Study)., Results: Main signals identified differed between asthmatic and nonasthmatic participants. None of the SNPs reached genome-wide significance. The association between the height-related gene DLEU7 and FEV(1) decrease suggested for nonasthmatic participants in the discovery phase was replicated (discovery, P = 4.8 × 10(-6); replication, P = .03), and additional sensitivity analyses point to a relation to growth. The top ranking signal, TUSC3, which is associated with FEV(1)/FVC ratio decrease in asthmatic participants (P = 5.3 × 10(-8)), did not replicate. SNPs previously associated with cross-sectional lung function were not prominently associated with decline., Conclusions: Genetic heterogeneity of lung function might be extensive. Our results suggest that genetic determinants of longitudinal and cross-sectional lung function differ and vary by asthma status., (Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2012
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35. Genome-wide association and functional follow-up reveals new loci for kidney function.

Author: Pattaro C, Köttgen A, Teumer A, Garnaas M, Böger CA, Fuchsberger C, Olden M, Chen MH, Tin A, Taliun D, Li M, Gao X, Gorski M, Yang Q, Hundertmark C, Foster MC, O'Seaghdha CM, Glazer N, Isaacs A, Liu CT, Smith AV, O'Connell JR, Struchalin M, Tanaka T, Li G, Johnson AD, Gierman HJ, Feitosa M, Hwang SJ, Atkinson EJ, Lohman K, Cornelis MC, Johansson Å, Tönjes A, Dehghan A, Chouraki V, Holliday EG, Sorice R, Kutalik Z, Lehtimäki T, Esko T, Deshmukh H, Ulivi S, Chu AY, Murgia F, Trompet S, Imboden M, Kollerits B, Pistis G, Harris TB, Launer LJ, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Mitchell BD, Boerwinkle E, Schmidt H, Cavalieri M, Rao M, Hu FB, Demirkan A, Oostra BA, de Andrade M, Turner ST, Ding J, Andrews JS, Freedman BI, Koenig W, Illig T, Döring A, Wichmann HE, Kolcic I, Zemunik T, Boban M, Minelli C, Wheeler HE, Igl W, Zaboli G, Wild SH, Wright AF, Campbell H, Ellinghaus D, Nöthlings U, Jacobs G, Biffar R, Endlich K, Ernst F, Homuth G, Kroemer HK, Nauck M, Stracke S, Völker U, Völzke H, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Mägi R, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Aulchenko YS, Polasek O, Hastie N, Vitart V, Helmer C, Wang JJ, Ruggiero D, Bergmann S, Kähönen M, Viikari J, Nikopensius T, Province M, Ketkar S, Colhoun H, Doney A, Robino A, Giulianini F, Krämer BK, Portas L, Ford I, Buckley BM, Adam M, Thun GA, Paulweber B, Haun M, Sala C, Metzger M, Mitchell P, Ciullo M, Kim SK, Vollenweider P, Raitakari O, Metspalu A, Palmer C, Gasparini P, Pirastu M, Jukema JW, Probst-Hensch NM, Kronenberg F, Toniolo D, Gudnason V, Shuldiner AR, Coresh J, Schmidt R, Ferrucci L, Siscovick DS, van Duijn CM, Borecki I, Kardia SL, Liu Y, Curhan GC, Rudan I, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Franke A, Pramstaller PP, Rettig R, Prokopenko I, Witteman JC, Hayward C, Ridker P, Parsa A, Bochud M, Heid IM, Goessling W, Chasman DI, Kao WH, and Fox CS
Subjects: ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities, Black or African American genetics, Aged, Animals, Caspase 9 genetics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases genetics, DEAD-box RNA Helicases genetics, DNA Helicases genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases genetics, White People genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Glomerular Filtration Rate genetics, Kidney physiopathology, Kidney Failure, Chronic genetics, Zebrafish genetics
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem with a genetic component. We performed genome-wide association studies in up to 130,600 European ancestry participants overall, and stratified for key CKD risk factors. We uncovered 6 new loci in association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the primary clinical measure of CKD, in or near MPPED2, DDX1, SLC47A1, CDK12, CASP9, and INO80. Morpholino knockdown of mpped2 and casp9 in zebrafish embryos revealed podocyte and tubular abnormalities with altered dextran clearance, suggesting a role for these genes in renal function. By providing new insights into genes that regulate renal function, these results could further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CKD., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2012
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36. SERPINA1 PiZ and PiS heterozygotes and lung function decline in the SAPALDIA cohort.

Author: Thun GA, Ferrarotti I, Imboden M, Rochat T, Gerbase M, Kronenberg F, Bridevaux PO, Zemp E, Zorzetto M, Ottaviani S, Russi EW, Luisetti M, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Airway Obstruction epidemiology, Airway Obstruction etiology, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genotype, Heart Diseases etiology, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Lung enzymology, Lung physiopathology, Male, Middle Aged, Protease Inhibitors metabolism, Proteolysis, Reproducibility of Results, Spirometry, Young Adult, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency etiology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency genetics, Air Pollution adverse effects, Alleles, Heart Diseases epidemiology, Heterozygote, Lung physiology, alpha 1-Antitrypsin genetics, alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency epidemiology
Abstract: Background: Severe alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a strong risk factor for COPD. But the impact of gene variants resulting in mild or intermediate AAT deficiency on the longitudinal course of respiratory health remains controversial. There is indication from experimental studies that pro-inflammatory agents like cigarette smoke can interact with these variants and thus increase the risk of adverse respiratory health effects. Therefore, we tested the effect of the presence of a protease inhibitor (Pi) S or Z allele (PiMS and PiMZ) on the change in lung function in different inflammation-exposed subgroups of a large, population-based cohort study., Methodology and Principal Findings: The SAPALDIA population includes over 4600 subjects from whom SERPINA1 genotypes for S and Z alleles, spirometry and respiratory symptoms at baseline and after 11 years follow-up, as well as proxies for inflammatory conditions, such as detailed smoking history, obesity and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), were available. All analyses were performed by applying multivariate regression models. There was no overall unfavourable effect of PiMS or PiMZ genotype on lung function change. We found indication that PiZ heterozygosity interacted with inflammatory stimuli leading to an accelerated decline in measures in use as indices for assessing mild airway obstruction. Obese individuals with genotype PiMM had an average annual decline in the forced mid expiratory flow (ΔFEF25-75%) of 58.4 ml whereas in obese individuals with PiMZ it amounted to 92.2 ml (p = 0.03). Corresponding numbers for persistent smokers differed even more strongly (66.8 ml (PiMM) vs. 108.2 ml (PiMZ), p = 0.005). Equivalent, but less strong associations were observed for the change in the FEV1/FVC ratio., Conclusions: We suggest that, in addition to the well established impact of the rare PiZZ genotype, one Z allele may be sufficient to accelerate lung function decline in population subgroups characterized by elevated levels of low grade inflammation.
Published: 2012
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37. Association of STR polymorphisms in CMA1 and IL-4 with asthma and atopy: the SAPALDIA cohort.

Author: Hersberger M, Thun GA, Imboden M, Brandstätter A, Waechter V, Summerer M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Bircher A, Rohrer L, Berger W, Russi EW, Rochat T, Kronenberg F, and Probst-Hensch N
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Asthma blood, Asthma epidemiology, Asthma physiopathology, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, Disease Progression, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Humans, Immunoglobulin E blood, Male, Middle Aged, Skin Tests, Switzerland, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Uteroglobin genetics, Asthma genetics, Asthma immunology, Chymases genetics, Interleukin-4 genetics, Microsatellite Repeats genetics
Abstract: Asthma is a chronic pulmonary disorder that is characterized by airway inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity. Several genetic loci have been associated with asthma, and some of these associations have been replicated in independent studies. However, larger population-based replication studies for the association of short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms with asthma are limited. In this study, we investigated the association of STR polymorphisms in genes encoding mast cell chymase (CMA1), uteroglobin (UGB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) with asthma and atopic phenotypes in the large population-based Swiss Cohort Study SAPALDIA. Our results show that the STR polymorphism in the CMA1 gene is associated with asthma and that this association is even stronger with atopic asthma. Similarly, we observed a weak association of the IL-4 2-allele with asthma that tended to be stronger for atopic asthma than for nonatopic asthma. This minor IL-4 2-allele was also associated with higher IgE levels, with a higher risk for a positive skin prick test and with a trend for a higher risk for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. These results support previous findings suggesting a role for CMA1 and IL-4 in atopic asthma and for IL-4 in atopy in general., (Copyright © 2010 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2010
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38. HMOX1 and GST variants modify attenuation of FEF25-75% decline due to PM10 reduction.

Author: Curjuric I, Imboden M, Schindler C, Downs SH, Hersberger M, Liu SL, Matyas G, Russi EW, Schwartz J, Thun GA, Postma DS, Rochat T, and Probst-Hensch NM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glutathione Transferase genetics, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate, Middle Aged, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Airway Remodeling genetics, Glutathione S-Transferase pi genetics, Heme Oxygenase-1 genetics, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Abstract: Reduced exposure to particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM(10)) attenuated age-related lung function decline in our cohort, particularly in the small airways. We hypothesised that polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferase (GST) and haem oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) genes, important for oxidative stress defence, modify these beneficial effects. A population-based sample of 4,365 adults was followed up after 11 yrs, including questionnaire, spirometry and DNA blood sampling. PM(10) exposure was estimated by dispersion modelling and temporal interpolation. The main effects on annual decline in forced expiratory flow at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (FEF(25-75%)) and interactions with PM(10) reduction were investigated for polymorphisms HMOX1 rs2071746 (T/A), rs735266 (T/A) and rs5995098 (G/C), HMOX1 (GT)(n) promoter repeat, GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions, and GSTP1 p.Ile105Val, using mixed linear regression models. HMOX1 rs5995098, HMOX1 haplotype TTG and GSTP1 showed significant genetic main effects. Interactions with PM(10) reduction were detected: a 10 microg.m(-3) reduction significantly attenuated annual FEF(25-75%) decline by 15.3 mL.s(-1) only in the absence of HMOX1 haplotype ATC. Similarly, carriers of long (GT)(n) promoter repeat alleles or the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype profited significantly more from a 10 microg.m(-3) reduction (26.5 mL.s(-1) and 27.3 mL.s(-1) respectively) than non-carriers. Benefits of a reduction in PM(10) exposure are not equally distributed across the population but are modified by the individual genetic make-up determining oxidative stress defence.
Published: 2010
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