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The post-exercise hepcidin response during prolonged (>2 weeks) hypoxic exposure is not well understood. We compared plasma hepcidin levels 3 h after exercise [6 × 1000 m at 90% of maximal aerobic running velocity ( vVO2max)] performed in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (3000 m simulate altitude) 1 week before, and during 14 days of normobaric hypoxia [196.2 ± 25.6 h (median: 200.8 h; range: 154.3-234.8 h) at 3000 m simulated altitude] in 10 well-trained distance runners (six males, four females). Venous blood was also analyzed for hepcidin after 2 days of normobaric hypoxia. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured via CO rebreathing 1 week before and after 14 days of hypoxia. Hepcidin was suppressed after 2 (Cohen's d = −2.3, 95% confidence interval: [−2.9, −1.6]) and 14 days of normobaric hypoxia ( d = −1.6 [−2.6, −0.6]). Hepcidin increased from baseline, 3 h post-exercise in normoxia ( d = 0.8 [0.2, 1.3]) and hypoxia ( d = 0.6 [0.3, 1.0]), both before and after exposure (normoxia: d = 0.7 [0.3, 1.2]; hypoxia: d = 1.3 [0.4, 2.3]). In conclusion, 2 weeks of normobaric hypoxia suppressed resting hepcidin levels, but did not alter the post-exercise response in either normoxia or hypoxia, compared with the pre-exposure response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participants with less severe acne at baseline had a slightly higher baseline F/B ratio (2.019) compared to those with more severe acne (1.782), which may account for the less dramatic improvement following antibiotics in acne patients with a higher F/B ratio. To the editor We previously found that a number of bacterial taxa in the gut microbiota of acne patients are significantly enriched or depleted compared to controls, with further derangement elicited by antibiotic treatment ([1]). While we found that the F/B ratio was overall highest in controls and lowest in acne patients following antibiotics ([1]), a number of factors were observed to impact the F/B ratio of the gut microbiota (Table 2). [Extracted from the article]

This study examined the acceleration demands associated with changing direction and the subsequent physiological consequences of acceleration during running at 3 submaximal speeds. 10 male professional footballers completed four 600 m running bouts at 3 speeds (2.50, 3.25 & 4.00 m·s-1). Each bout was in the format of either: i) 3 laps of a 200 m track (CON), ii) ten 60 m shuttles (S60), iii) twenty 30 m shuttles (S30), or iv) thirty 20 m shuttles (S20). Peak heart rate (HRPEAK), blood lactate concentration (BLa) and RPE (Borg CR-10) were recorded for each bout. A single change of direction required 1.2, 1.5 and 2.0 s of acceleration at running speeds of 2.50, 3.25 and 4.00 ms-1 respectively. An increase in time spent accelerating produced a linear increase in BLa (r = 0.43-0.74) and RPE (r = 0.81-0.93) at all speeds. Acceleration increases linearly with change of direction frequency during submaximal shuttle running. Increased time spent accelerating elicits proportional increases in perceived exertion, BLa and HRPEAK. The current study further underlines the need to consider acceleration when quantifying training load during activities involving numerous changes of direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which examined a 5-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever Afghan crossbred that was recumbent, dyspnoeic, and mildly tachypnoeic. It was found that the dog had a sustained ventricular tachycardia originating in the right ventricle and a mass was identified in the interventricular septum on echocardiography. The study concluded that the dog had haemangiosarcoma of the myocardium and spleen with right-sided congestive heart failure.

The article describes the case of fibrous osteodystrophy in Northern Royal albatross chicks Diomedea sanfordi from Taiaroa Head in New Zealand in February 2004. The birds have soft and rubbery premaxilla and mandibles. Both cases demonstrate histopathological findings consistent with hyperparathyroidism. The cases have led to recommendations for future in-situ feeding of abandoned Northern Royal albatross chicks.

The article presents a study on the idiopathic canine juvenile cranial hyperostosis in an 8-year-old male Pit Bull Terrier. The researchers detected hyperostosis and periosteal new bone formation on the mandibular, parietal and frontal bones using radiology and computed tomography (CT). They also took rostrocaudal, lateral oblique and lateral radiographs of the skull. They proposed that calvarial hyperostosis and craniomandibular osteopathy are signs of the same disease process with varying presentation between breeds and individuals.

The article explores the investigation of Friesian heifer calves in the Rangitikei district of New Zealand who was affected by an outbreak of photosensitivity. Acute irritation, agitation and hyperaemia of unpigmented skin are some of the clinical symptoms that manifested in affected calves. In post-mortem analysis of affected calves, it was found that there were mild microscopic lesions in the liver, but moderate to severe renal lesions were seen. Early interstitial fibrosis was seen in the examination of kidneys of those affected.

The article examines vitamin D metabolism and rickets in domestic and laboratory animals. According to the authors, cases of rickets in domestic animals are usually caused by vitamin D or phosphorus deficiency, but inherited forms have also been reported. Among humans, the authors report that rickets prevalence has increased, mainly due to cultural practices, breast feeding, increased sunscreen usage and decreased exposure to the sun. They add that hereditary forms of rickets caused by vitamin D metabolism problems have also been reported in humans.

The article presents a case study of a 6 ½ -year-old overweight castrated female Flat-coated Retriever that developed a distinct 15 millimeter diameter mass at the S/C tissue. It mentions that the mass does not seem to trouble the dog and the physical examination revealed that the dog is healthy. It states that aspiration of the mass was done intended for cytological examination. It mentions that the histological, gross and clinical findings show that it is similar to human parachordomas.

Inherited diseases of the skeleton are reported less often in sheep than in most other domestic animal species but are likely to occur more frequently than the veterinary literature would suggest. Although most are lethal or semi-lethal, the gene frequency for some of these diseases has reached surprisingly high levels in defined populations, presumably due either to the founder effect or the presence of a selective advantage of heterozygous individuals. This article reviews the clinical characteristics, pathology, mode of inheritance and molecular basis of skeletal diseases known to have a genetic aetiology in sheep. Inherited skeletal diseases of sheep are potential models for studying the treatment of similar diseases in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of even, negative and positive pacing on metabolic, kinematic and temporal variables during breaststroke swimming. Nine male swimmers [mean (SD): age 21 (3) years, height 178 (5) cm, body mass 77.2 (6.7) kg, 200 m-time 158.6 (13.6) s] completed a 200-m breaststroke time trial and then 72 h later three paced (even, positive, negative) 175-m breaststroke swims in random order, 48 h apart. The swimmers paced accurately in all trials. The evenly paced trial produced lower post-exercise peak blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion values compared to the positively paced trial (P<0.05). Peak oxygen uptake was not significantly different between trials (P>0.05). Heart rate immediately following exercise was lower in the negatively paced trial (P<0.05) than the other paced trials. Stroke rates were lower during the first half of the evenly and negatively paced trials compared to the positively paced trial (P<0.01), but no differences were observed between the second half of the trials. Across all trials the stroke count increased as the trials progressed (P<0.01). Turning times were observed to be shorter during the first half of the positively paced trial compared to the other paced trials (P<0.01). Even paced swimming appears to be less physically stressful than positively paced swimming during high intensity exercise, as indicated by a lower post-exercise blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion and variability within turning times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]