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The spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor site to other parts of the body, known as metastasis, is the leading cause of cancer recurrence and mortality in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is observed in approximately 70% of TNBC patients. EGFR is crucial for promoting tumor metastasis and associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, it is vital to identify effective therapeutic strategies targeting EGFR inhibition. Ononin, an isoflavonoid found in various plants, such as clover and soybeans, has been shown to have anticancer properties in several cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ononin on TNBC lung metastasis and the associated molecular pathways. We used various assays, including cell viability, colony formation, Transwell, wound healing, ELISA, Western blotting, and staining techniques, to achieve this objective. The results demonstrated that ononin effectively suppressed cellular proliferation and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the cell viability assay, colony formation assay, and expression of apoptosis markers, and reduced the metastatic capabilities of TNBC cells. These effects were achieved through the direct suppression of cell adhesion, invasiveness and motility. Furthermore, in TNBC xenograft lung metastatic models, ononin treatment significantly reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis. Additionally, ononin reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating the expression of EMT markers and matrix metalloproteinases, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, ononin treatment reduced EGFR phosphorylation and suppressed the PI3K, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways, which was further confirmed using EGFR agonists or inhibitors. Importantly, ononin treatment did not exert any toxic effects on liver or kidney function. In conclusion, our findings suggest that ononin is a safe and potentially therapeutic treatment for TNBC metastasis that targets the EGFR-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Further studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and explore its potential clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous amoxicillin clavulanate potassium combined with nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its impact across various microbial strains and clinical symptoms. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate combined with nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to analyze their impact on different microbial strains and clinical symptoms. Secondary objectives include assessing the treatment's effect on the improvement of clinical symptoms, hospital stay duration, and the levels of inflammatory markers. Design: Prospective, single-center study. Methods: Fifty-six children with CAP, aged under 6 years, from Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University were included. Patients were treated with conventional therapy and the study medication. Clinical characteristics, microbiological data, symptom improvement, and hospitalization times were analyzed. Findings: Young children, particularly under 1 year, exhibited a higher incidence of multiple microbial infections and severe clinical manifestations. Treatment with budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride led to significant clinical improvement across all age groups, with notable efficacy against various pathogens. Conclusions: Nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride are effective in treating pediatric CAP, offering a promising therapeutic option, particularly for young children with severe presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fondaparinux sodium can prevent and treat acute illnesses and venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing surgery. At present, no studies have reported on treating subchorionic hematoma combined with protein S deficiency using fondaparinux sodium.To investigate the clinical efficacy of fondaparinux sodium in the treatment of patients with subchorionic hematoma combined with protein S deficiency. This single-center, open-ended, and prospective study enrolled 78 patients with subchorionic hematoma and protein S deficiency. They were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. The control group received conventional treatment, and the observation group received subepithelial injections of fondaparinux sodium (2.5 mg/day) based on conventional treatment. After 30 days of continuous treatment, the hematoma was evaluated by ultrasonography.After treatment with fondaparinux sodium, a significant improvement in subchorionic hematoma was observed in the observation group compared with that in the control group (p< 0.05). A substantial improvement in prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was observed in the observation group after fondaparinux sodium treatment (p< 0.05). Furthermore, after fondaparinux sodium treatment, the duration of hematoma maintenance and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes were significantly reduced in the observation group compared with that in the control group (p< 0.05).With a favorable safety profile, fondaparinux sodium is effective in treating subchorionic hematoma combined with protein S deficiency. The results provide new ideas and methods for treating this disease, which is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung cancer is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer. Carboplatin (CBDCA) plus nab-paclitaxel (PTX) has become a standard treatment for advanced unresectable NSCLC. However, treatment with nab-PTX has not been established as a standard therapy for resectable locally advanced (LA)-NSCLC. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive study involving consecutive patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent induction therapy including nab-PTX followed by surgical resection. Fifteen patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent induction therapy including nab-PTX followed by surgical resection. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) consisted of weekly administration of nab-PTX (50 mg/m2) plus CBDCA (area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) 2) and thoracic radiotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions). Results: The clinical stages were as follows: IIB (n =1), IIIA (n =12), and IIIC (n =2). Downstaging was observed in 73% (11/15) of patients on comparison with the clinical stage before concurrent CRT. Adverse drug reactions were observed in seven patients. Complete resection was performed in all patients. The re-evaluated pathological stage after pretreatment was diagnosed as stage 0 in three patients, stage IA1 in six, stage IA2 in one, and stage IIIA in five. The pathological effects of previous therapy were as follows: Ef3 (n =3), Ef2 (n =9), and Ef1a (n =3). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of induction therapy including nab-PTX was promising. Induction CRT, including nab-PTX, followed by resection, may be a viable alternative treatment option for locally advanced NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Following the increased use of neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer, grading of tumour regression (TR) has become part of routine diagnostics. However, it suffers from marked interobserver variation, which is mainly ascribed to the subjectivity of the defining criteria of the categories in TR grading systems. We hypothesized that a further cause for the interobserver variation is the use of divergent and nonspecific morphological criteria to identify tumour regression. Methods and Results: Twenty treatment‐naïve pancreatic cancers and 20 pancreatic cancers treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were reviewed by three experienced pancreatic pathologists who, blinded for treatment status, categorized each tumour as treatment‐naïve or neoadjuvantly treated, and annotated all tissue areas they considered showing tumour regression. Only 50%–65% of the cases were categorized correctly, and the annotated tissue areas were highly discrepant (only 3%–41% overlap). When the prevalence of various morphological features deemed to indicate TR was compared between treatment‐naïve and neoadjuvantly treated tumours, only one pattern, characterized by reduced cancer cell density and prominent stroma affecting a large area of the tumour bed, occurred significantly more frequently, but not exclusively, in the neoadjuvantly treated group. Finally, stromal features, both morphological and biological, were investigated as possible markers for tumour regression, but failed to distinguish TR from native tumour stroma. Conclusion: There is considerable divergence in opinion between pathologists when it comes to the identification of tumour regression. Reliable identification of TR is only possible if it is extensive, while lesser degrees of treatment effect cannot be recognized with certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the application value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), chemokine CC motif ligand (CCL), and CCL3 in the treatment of neonatal bacterial infections. Methods A total of 70 cases of neonatal bacterial infection admitted to the People's Hospital of Langfang City from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the bacterial infection group. In addition, 70 cases of neonatal viral infection and 70 cases of non-infected newborns were selected as the viral infection group and control group, respectively, at a ratio of 1∶1. The serum hs-CRP, CCL2, and CCL3 levels of the three groups and the bacterial infection group were compared at admission, the serum levels of each index were compared among the bacterial infection group with different therapeutic effects, and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to analyze the predictive efficacy of each serum index on therapeutic effects. The relative risk (RR) was used to analyze the impact of different expression of each serum index on the therapeutic effect of neonatal bacterial infection. Results The expressions of hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 in the bacterial infection group and viral infection group at admission were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The expressions of hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 in severe children with bacterial infection at admission were higher than those in mild children (P < 0.05). The levels of hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 in the ineffective subgroup were higher than those in the effective subgroup at admission, 24 h, 3rd day and 5th day (P < 0.05). The combined effect of serum hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 on neonatal bacterial infection at admission, 24 h, 3 d and 5 d was better than that of single index at each time point, and the combined prediction of AUC at 24 h was the largest. According to the cut-off value of each index 24 hours after admission, the risk of treatment failure in children with high expression of hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 was 3.577 times, 3.357 times and 2.630 times higher than that in children with low expression. Conclusions hs-CRP, CCL2 and CCL3 are highly expressed in the serum of neonatal bacterial infection, and they are closely related to the severity of the disease and the therapeutic effect of the children. The combination of the three serum indicators has good reference value in predicting the therapeutic effect of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study involves the collation and analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) combined with renal insufficiency. The objective was to assess the impact of various treatment methods on patient outcomes and the incidence of adverse events in individuals with MM and renal insufficiency. Methods: We analyzed the correlation between clinical characteristics, gene loci, fluorescence in situ hybridization, treatment methods, and prognosis in patients with MM and renal insufficiency. The differences in hematological and therapeutic efficacy indexes between two groups subjected to different treatments were evaluated. The assessment of treatment effectiveness was based on the total effective rate, calculated as the sum of stringent CR rate, complete remission rate, very good partial remission rate, and partial remission rate. Results: (1) The renal insufficiency group exhibited higher percentages of bone marrow abnormal plasma cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood calcium, white blood cell count, percentage of neutrophils, and blood β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels compared to the normal renal function group. Conversely, hemoglobin levels and lymphocyte percentage were lower in the renal insufficiency group. Binary logistic regression analysis identified hemoglobin, blood calcium values, blood β2-MG, and LDH as independent risk factors for the development of renal insufficiency in patients with MM (p < 0.05). (2) Based on the Durie-Salmon staging criteria, the proportion of Stage III patients was the highest (up to 81.8%), indicating that patients with MM usually suffer from insidious disease, often with high tumor load and late-disease stage at the time of consultation. International Staging System (ISS) and Revised ISS staging also revealed a higher proportion of Stage III patients in the renal insufficiency group (p < 0.05), indicating a worse long-term prognosis in patients with MM and renal insufficiency. (3) Before treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the analysis of various indices. Complications such as sepsis, herpes zoster, peripheral neuropathy, thrombosis, secondary pulmonary infection, and cardiac complications were significantly lower in the BCD group (Bortezomib + Cyclophosphamide + Dexamethasone) compared to the BD group (Bortezomib + Dexamethasone) (χ2 = 6.333, p < 0.05), suggesting fewer complications with the BCD regimen. (4) The clinical treatment effects analysis indicated that the BCD group demonstrated a more significant impact than the BD group in the treatment of MM. Conclusion: The application of the BCD regimen in the treatment of MM has shown significant efficiency, effectively alleviating clinical symptoms with fewer adverse reactions and high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common digestive tract tumors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed early postoperative clinical data of 48 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our hospital between 2015 and 2021, of which 21 underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery, and 27 underwent laparotomy. There was no significant difference in clinical data. Patients were included if they had colorectal cancer (confirmed by colonoscopy and biopsy pathological examination before surgery), were evaluated for possible radical surgery before surgery, and had no intestinal obstruction, tumor invasion of adjacent organs (by digital rectal examination and preoperative abdominal color Doppler ultrasound, CT confirmed) and no other history of abdominal surgery. Using the method of clinical control study, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative general condition, surgical lymph node removal (postoperative pathology), surgical complications, gastrointestinal function recovery, surgical before and after blood glucose, body temperature, white blood cells, pain visual analog scale (VAS) and other conditions were compared and analyzed to determine feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer was successfully removed by laparoscopic radical resection without any significant problems or surgical fatalities. Age, gender, tumor location, stage, and duration of surgery did not differ between laparoscopic and laparotomy operations. Compared to laparotomy, postoperative eating, bowel movements, and blood sugar levels improved. Variations in the length of surgically removed specimens after VAS measurements revealed open and laparoscopic operations. The overall lymph node count was 10.8 ± 1.6, with no variation between the two techniques. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical surgery is safe and feasible. Also, it has the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical surgery can comply with the principles of oncology revolutionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant economic losses due to diarrhoea morbidity in newborn young animals lead to a decrease in the profitability of the sector in the structure of agricultural production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to create and investigate the therapeutic effect of application of complex phytomineral preparation using local components: opoka of Taskala deposit and decoction of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum) for treatment of diarrhoea in calves. The therapeutic effect of the preparation was studied in the conditions of dairy farm in Kyzylorda region on 5-7-day-old calves. The effect of the preparation was studied in a comparative aspect with an analogous preparation of imported production and the results obtained from healthy animals. Clinical, haematological, and biochemical methods of investigation were employed. The findings obtained suggest a high therapeutic effect of the created preparation. Its application allowed reducing the duration of the treatment period by 5-7 days compared to the imported preparation and restoring the positive dynamics of average daily gain as early as on the 5th day after the start of treatment. Haematological studies indicate stimulation of the immune system in animals that was manifested by a 14% increase in the count of lymphocytes and a 37% increase in the proteins of the γ-globulin fraction compared to healthy animals. These indices suggest an increase in the activity of the humoral part of the immune system in animals after treatment with the preparation. Another positive therapeutic effect of the preparation was observed in the protective effect on the liver of diseased animals. Despite the present effect of both preparations, the decrease in the activity of markers characterising hepatocyte destruction was higher with the Kazakh preparation. Thus, the created preparation is characterised by a higher therapeutic effect in comparison with the imported preparation and allow recommending it for treatment and prevention of diarrhoea in young animals

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous amoxicillin clavulanate potassium combined with nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its impact across various microbial strains and clinical symptoms. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate combined with nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to analyze their impact on different microbial strains and clinical symptoms. Secondary objectives include assessing the treatment's effect on the improvement of clinical symptoms, hospital stay duration, and the levels of inflammatory markers. Design Prospective, single-center study. Methods Fifty-six children with CAP, aged under 6 years, from Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University were included. Patients were treated with conventional therapy and the study medication. Clinical characteristics, microbiological data, symptom improvement, and hospitalization times were analyzed. Findings Young children, particularly under 1 year, exhibited a higher incidence of multiple microbial infections and severe clinical manifestations. Treatment with budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride led to significant clinical improvement across all age groups, with notable efficacy against various pathogens. Conclusions Nebulized budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride are effective in treating pediatric CAP, offering a promising therapeutic option, particularly for young children with severe presentations.

Abstract Background Lung cancer is associated with a high mortality rate worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer. Carboplatin (CBDCA) plus nab-paclitaxel (PTX) has become a standard treatment for advanced unresectable NSCLC. However, treatment with nab-PTX has not been established as a standard therapy for resectable locally advanced (LA)-NSCLC. Methods We conducted a comprehensive study involving consecutive patients with locally advanced NSCLC who underwent induction therapy including nab-PTX followed by surgical resection. Fifteen patients with locally advanced NSCLC underwent induction therapy including nab-PTX followed by surgical resection. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) consisted of weekly administration of nab-PTX (50 mg/m2) plus CBDCA (area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) 2) and thoracic radiotherapy (50 Gy/25 fractions). Results The clinical stages were as follows: IIB (n =1), IIIA (n =12), and IIIC (n =2). Downstaging was observed in 73% (11/15) of patients on comparison with the clinical stage before concurrent CRT. Adverse drug reactions were observed in seven patients. Complete resection was performed in all patients. The re-evaluated pathological stage after pretreatment was diagnosed as stage 0 in three patients, stage IA1 in six, stage IA2 in one, and stage IIIA in five. The pathological effects of previous therapy were as follows: Ef3 (n =3), Ef2 (n =9), and Ef1a (n =3). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of induction therapy including nab-PTX was promising. Induction CRT, including nab-PTX, followed by resection, may be a viable alternative treatment option for locally advanced NSCLC.

BACKGROUND: Compared with total knee arthroplasty, unicondylar knee arthroplasty has such advantages as quick recovery, low cost and good proprioception, but its high revision rate after operation is also a problem that cannot be ignored. At present, the reasons for the high revision rate after unicondylar knee arthroplasty are not completely clear. Therefore, preoperative strict control of surgical indication may be crucial to improve postoperative outcome and reduce revision rate after unicondylar knee arthroplasty. As an index commonly used in the measurement of imaging, the evaluation of joint space width may have important clinical reference value in the selection of indications for unicondylar knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To review the measurement of joint space width and its effect on the curative effect and outcome of medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty. METHODS: WanFang and PubMed were used to search the relevant literature published from January 1, 1950 to June 1, 2023 on the evaluation factors of curative effect of unicondylar knee arthroplasty and the influence of joint space width on the curative effect of unicondylar knee arthroplasty. By summarizing and analyzing the literature, the measurement methods of joint space width, the influence of preoperative medial compartment joint space width on the curative effect of medial compartment joint space width, and the influence of postoperative lateral compartment joint space width on the outcome were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Although many methods have been used to study and measure knee joint space width, X-ray measurement of joint space width under weight-bearing position is still a common method in daily orthopedic practice to assess the progression of osteoarthritis, and it can moderately reflect the thickness of cartilage. (2) Preoperative medial compartment joint space width of knee joint can affect the efficacy of medial movable platform after unicondylar knee arthroplasty. Patients with knee osteoarthritis whose medial joint space width/lateral joint space width ratio is < 40% or medial joint space width ≤2 mm may be more suitable for medial movable platform unicondylar knee arthroplasty. (3) Changes in lateral compartment joint space width after medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty also have a certain impact on outcome. Improving the joint matching degree of lateral compartment after surgery can delay the progression of lateral compartment joint degeneration and reduce the prosthesis revision rate. However, relevant clinical studies are still lacking. In conclusion, the imaging measurement of joint space width has important clinical reference value for evaluating the postoperative efficacy and prognosis of medial unicondylar knee arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint pain, swelling, and dysfunction. Acupuncture, as a traditional medical treatment, has proved its effectiveness and safety in many diseases. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate and explore the effect of Tiaodu Tongmai acupuncture in the treatment of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis of different ages through the generalized estimating equation, and to provide a basis for the application of acupuncture in rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Tiaodu Tongmai acupuncture therapy on preclinical rheumatoid arthritis (pre-RA) patients at different ages based on generalized estimating equation. METHODS: A total of 123 patients with preclinical rheumatoid arthritis treated from January to September 2023 were selected as the study objects and divided into study group (n=64) and control group (n=59) according to different treatment methods. The study group was given Tiaodu Tongmai acupuncture treatment, and the control group was given acetaminophen tablets. The baseline balance was adjusted by propensity score matching method. The clinical efficacy and cytokine levels before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. The generalized estimating equation model was established to evaluate the efficacy of Tiaodu Tongmai acupuncture therapy on preclinical rheumatoid arthritis patients at different ages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 0 days of treatment, there were significant differences in joint pain and C-reactive protein expression between study and control groups (P < 0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, there were significant differences in visual analogue scale scores, joint pain, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, there were significant differences in visual analogue scale scores, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, there were significant differences in visual analogue scale scores, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). (2) The total effective rate of the study group was 93.75%, while that of the control group was 79.17%. The clinical efficacy of the study group was significantly better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). (3) There were significant differences in interleukin-6, interferon-γ, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, rheumatoid factor IgA, rheumatoid factor IgM, metallomatrix proteinase 3, metallomatrix proteinase 9, and anti-cyclic citrulline antibody in the study group before and after treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-6, interferon-γ, rheumatoid factor IgA, rheumatoid factor IgM, metallomatrix proteinase 3, metallomatrix proteinase 9, and anti-cyclic citrulline antibody in the control group after treatment were significantly different from those before treatment (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in interleukin-6, interferon-γ, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, rheumatoid factor IgA, rheumatoid factor IgM, metallomatrix proteinase 3, and anti-cyclic citrulline antibody between the two groups after treatment (P < 0.05). (4) After 12 weeks of treatment, the comprehensive efficacy of patients of all ages in the study group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of treatment, the comprehensive efficacy of patients aged 23- 35, 36-50, and 51-60 years old in the study group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the comprehensive efficacy of patients aged 18- 22 years old was comparable between the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, the comprehensive efficacy of patients aged 36-50 and 51-60 years old in the study group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and the comprehensive efficacy was comparable between the two groups of patients aged 18-22 and 23-35 years. Overall, Tiaodu Tongmai acupuncture therapy has advantages in treating preclinical rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 36-50 and 51- 60 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic contamination is a serious issue throughout the world and is substantial risk factor in most of the countries including India. Chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water to humans is causing major public health related issues. The present study aims to investigate the ameliorative effect of Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) seeds against arsenic induced reproductive function and testicular toxicity in Charles Foster rats. In the present study, twenty-four male Charles Foster rats (120±5gm). The study group includes group - I (n=6) as control, and group - II (n=18) treated with sodium arsenite (8 mg per Kg body weight per day) for 90 days. The group - II was furthermore divided into three sub-groups, Group - II-a, Group - II-b and Group - II-c. The group - II-a were sacrificed to see the effect of arsenic toxicity effect after arsenic exposure. Group - II-b was left with normal food and water for next 60 days to observe auto recovery. The group - II-c rats were administered with Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) hydroxyl ethanolic seeds extract at the dose of 400 mg per Kg body weight per day for 60 days for 90 days upon pre-treated sodium arsenite treated group (8 mg per kg body weight). After completion of the experiment, all the treated group of animals were sacrificed for biochemical, hormonal assay, histopathological, testicular and reproductive functions study. In the arsenic treated rats' group, there was significant (p<0.001) changes in serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as in haematological parameters. There was decrease in the sperm counts and sperm motility accompanied by an increased incidence of sperm abnormalities and hormonal imbalance denotes infertility condition. In contrast, after the administration with C.lanatus (Watermelon) seeds hydroxy-ethanolic extract upon arsenic treated rats group, there was significant (p<0.001) improvement observed in the reproductive, hepatic and renal parameters. In the arsenic intoxicant rats' group, after administration with C. lanatus (Watermelon) seeds hydroxyl ethanolic extract, there was significant (p<001) reduction in the arsenic concentration in blood, liver, and kidney tissues as well as serum lipid peroxidation. The histopathological study also showed the C. lanatus (Watermelon) seeds hydroxy ethanolic extract significantly restored the cellular integrity of testicular cells leading to normal functioning of it against arsenic induced toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the blood group changes of two acute myeloid leukemia patients with suspected O type, and their relationship with the therapeutic effect. Methods Serological analysis of ABO blood group of patients was carried out by microcolumn gel method, tube method and absorption-elution test, ABO blood group genotyping was performed by microfluidic chip method. Exons E2 to E7 of ABO gene were amplified by PCR and sequenced by Sanger method. Results The forward typing of two cases were both O type, but the reverse typing were both A type. The absorption-elution test results all showed detection of antigen A. ABO gene phenotype of the two cases were both A, with genotyping results as A102/A102 and A102/O01, respectively. Sequencing results showed that SNP sites of ABO blood group were 467T/T, 261G/delG and 467C/T, respectively.In one case, the intensity of anti-A agglutination reaction changed significantly from weak to strong with the progress of treatment. Conclusion For clinical samples of acute myeloid leukemia patients with ABO forward and reverse typing discrepancy and suspected O type, the result of reverse typing should be valued, and absorption-elution test should be performed to further confirm the ABO blood type combining the genetic test results, so as to develop appropriate blood transfusion strategies for patients.

Abstract Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) as a prevalent gynecological disease is developed from infection or trauma. However, therapeutic strategies to repair damaged endometrium are relatively limited. Emerging studies have shed light on the crucial role of endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) in the process of uterine endometrial regeneration. EnSCs isolated from the uterine endometrium have similar characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is still unknown whether EnSCs could be used as donor cells to treat IUA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of EnSCs in treating rat IUA. Methods Human EnSCs were isolated from the endometrial tissue of healthy female donors and subjected to extensive expansion and culture in vitro. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, cell proliferation assay, trilineage differentiation experiment, and decidualization assay were used to characterize the biological properties of EnSCs. We evaluated the immunoregulatory potential of EnSCs by analyzing their secreted cytokines and conducting bulk RNA sequencing after IFN-γ treatment. After EnSCs were transplanted into the uterine muscle layer in IUA rats, their therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms were analyzed using histological analysis, Q-PCR, fertility and pregnancy outcome assay, and transcriptome analysis. Results We successfully isolated EnSCs from the endometrium of human donors and largely expanded in vitro. EnSCs exhibited characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and retained responsiveness to sex hormones. Following IFN-γ stimulation, EnSCs upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines and activated immunosuppressive molecules. Xenogeneic transplantation of EnSCs successfully repaired injured endometrium and significantly restored the pregnancy rate in IUA rats. Mechanistically, the therapeutic effects of EnSCs on IUA endometrium functioned through anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and the secretion of regeneration factor. Conclusions Due to their large expansion ability, immunoregulatory properties, and great potential in treating IUA, EnSCs, as a valuable source of donor cells, could offer a potential treatment avenue for injury-induced IUA.

Abstract Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. Graphical Abstract

Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Mitsue Ariga, Kunihiro Ohta, Sahori Kudo, Osamu Furuta, Akinori Yamamoto Medical Corporation, Syureikai, Tohno Chuo Clinic, Mizunami City, Gifu, JapanCorrespondence: Hiroyuki Ohbayashi, Medical Corporation, Syureikai, Tohno Chuo Clinic, 1-14-1, Matsugase Cho, Mizunami City, Gifu, 509-6134, Japan, Tel +81-572-67-1118, Fax +81-572-67-2277, Email ohbayasi@nn.iij4u.or.jp; aims_reserve@yahoo.co.jpPurpose: To present the preliminarily findings regarding the effects of a herbal medicine, Ninjin’yoeito, on comorbid frailty and sarcopenia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Patients and Methods: Patients with COPD (GOLD II or higher) and fatigue were randomly assigned to Group A (n = 28; no medication for 12 weeks, followed by 12-week administration) or B (n= 25; 24-week continuous administration). Visual analog scale (VAS) symptoms of fatigue, the COPD assessment test (CAT), and the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale were examined. Physical indices such asknee extension leg strength and walking speed, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and respiratory function test were also measured.Results: VAS fatigue scales in Group B significantly improved after 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (each p< 0.001, respectively). Right and left knee extension leg strength in Group B significantly improved after 12 weeks compared to that in Group A (p=0.042 and p=0.037, respectively). The 1-s walking speed for continued to increase significantly over 24 weeks in Group B (p=0.016, p< 0.001, p< 0.001, p=0.004, p< 0.001, and p< 0.001 after 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks, respectively); it also significantly increased after the administration of Ninjin’yoeito in Group A. In Group B, the SMI significantly increased at 12 weeks in patients with sarcopenia (p=0.025). The CAT scores in Group B significantly improved after 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (p=0.006). The mMRC scores in Group B also significantly improved after 8 and 12 weeks compared to those in Group A (p= 0.045 and p < 0.001, respectively). The changes in %FEV1.0 in Group B were significantly improved at 12 and 24 weeks (p=0.039 and p=0.036, respectively).Conclusion: Overall, Ninjin’yoeito significantly improved patients’ quality of life, physical activity, muscle mass, and possibly lung function, suggesting that Ninjin’yoeito may improve frailty and sarcopenia in patients with COPD.Keywords: clinical study, frailty, Ninjin’yoeito, sarcopenia, therapeutic effect

Background: Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) as a prevalent gynecological disease is developed from infection or trauma. However, therapeutic strategies to repair damaged endometrium are relatively limited. Emerging studies have shed light on the crucial role of endometrial stromal cells (EnSCs) in the process of uterine endometrial regeneration. EnSCs isolated from the uterine endometrium have similar characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, it is still unknown whether EnSCs could be used as donor cells to treat IUA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of EnSCs in treating rat IUA. Methods: Human EnSCs were isolated from the endometrial tissue of healthy female donors and subjected to extensive expansion and culture in vitro. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, cell proliferation assay, trilineage differentiation experiment, and decidualization assay were used to characterize the biological properties of EnSCs. We evaluated the immunoregulatory potential of EnSCs by analyzing their secreted cytokines and conducting bulk RNA sequencing after IFN-γ treatment. After EnSCs were transplanted into the uterine muscle layer in IUA rats, their therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms were analyzed using histological analysis, Q-PCR, fertility and pregnancy outcome assay, and transcriptome analysis. Results: We successfully isolated EnSCs from the endometrium of human donors and largely expanded in vitro. EnSCs exhibited characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and retained responsiveness to sex hormones. Following IFN-γ stimulation, EnSCs upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines and activated immunosuppressive molecules. Xenogeneic transplantation of EnSCs successfully repaired injured endometrium and significantly restored the pregnancy rate in IUA rats. Mechanistically, the therapeutic effects of EnSCs on IUA endometrium functioned through anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and the secretion of regeneration factor. Conclusions: Due to their large expansion ability, immunoregulatory properties, and great potential in treating IUA, EnSCs, as a valuable source of donor cells, could offer a potential treatment avenue for injury-induced IUA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the Therapeutic effect of synchronous Integrated intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy in stage IIIc of Cervical Cancer Methods: A total of 58 patients with stage IIIC cervical cancer (KPS ≥ 80) were analyzed in this study. They were admitted to our hospital between August 2017 and August 2022. Synchronous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT) and sequential boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (LCB-IMRT) were used to treat pelvic and/or para-aortic metastatic lymph nodes, with 30 cases in the SIB group and 28 cases in the LCB group. Comparison of short-term and long-term efficacy. Comparison of recurrence and metastasis rates, radiation dose to organs at risk and incidence of adverse drug reactions. Result: 30 patients were treated with simultaneous integrated boost intensitymodulated radiotherapy (SIB-IMRT), and 28 patients were treated with sequential boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (LCB-IMRT). At the completion of radiotherapy and 3 months after radiotherapy, there was no significant difference in clinical efficacy observed between the two treatment groups. The median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DMR) in the SIB-IMRT group were significantly higher compared to the LCB-IMRT group. The SIB-IMRT group demonstrated significantly lower rates compared to the LCB-IMRT group. Furthermore, within 3 years and 5 years, the rates of lymph node recurrence, cervical and vaginal local recurrence, and distant metastasis within the radiotherapy field were significantly lower in the SIB-IMRT group compared to the LCB-IMRT group. There were no significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of the maximum dose to the small intestine (Dmax), dose received by 2cc of the small intestine (D2cc), maximum dose to the rectum (Dmax), and dose received by 1cc of the bladder (D1cc). The incidence of bone marrow toxicity in the SIB-IMRT group was significantly lower compared to the LCB-IMRT group. Moreover, the occurrence of grade III and bone marrow toxicity was also significantly lower in the SIB-IMRT group compared to the LCB-IMRT group. Conclusion: The study has concluded that there is no significant differences in in terms of bladder associated adverse events and gastrointestinal toxicity in both Simultaneous Integrated Boost Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Layered Conical Beam Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationships between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ［25 (OH) D］ and the outcome of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. Methods Totally 106 patients with DFU who underwent VSD were selected as the DFU group, and they were divided into the ineffective group (27 cases) and the effective group (79 cases) according to the therapeutic effect after VSD； another 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) alone in the same period were selected as the T2DM group, and 55 healthy physical examination volunteers were selected as the control group. GNRI was calculated and serum 25 (OH) D was assayed. Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the postoperative treatment outcome of VSD in patients with DFU, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the assessed value of GNRI combined with serum 25 (OH) D on the postoperative treatment outcome of VSD in patients with DFU. Results There were significant differences in GNRI and serum 25 (OH) D levels among the DFU group, the T2DM group, and the control group (all P<0. 05) . GNRI and serum 25 (OH) D levels were reduced sequentially in the DFU group, T2DM group, and control group (all P<0. 05) . Wagner classification grade 4 and elevated HbA1c were independent risk factors for ineffec‑ tive treatment after VSD in patients with DFU (all P<0. 05), and elevated ABI, GNRI, and 25 (OH) D were independent protective factors for effective treatment after VSD in patients with DFU (all P<0. 05) . The area under the curve of GNRI combined with serum 25 (OH) D level in assessing the postoperative treatment effect of VSD in patients with DFU was 0. 879, which was greater than that of the two alone (0. 800 and 0. 879, both P<0. 05) . Conclusion DFU patients with low GNRI and serum 25 (OH) D have poor postoperative VSD outcomes, and the combination of the two is of high value in assessing postoperative VSD outcomes in DFU patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of study of ferruginous mineral waters. The waters under consideration are discharged on the territory of Western Transbaikalia and belong to the anoxic sulfide-free and acidic types. The peculiarities of the formation of gas, major and trace elements, and dissolved organic substance composition have been established using modern methods. It has been shown that the chemical composition of the waters is greatly influenced by acid–base conditions. Acidic ferruginous waters contain large amounts of heavy metals; organic matter is mainly represented by low molecular weight organic compounds. The only metals present in significant amounts in ferruginous waters are manganese and zinc. Dissolved organic matter is represented by diverse types of high-molecular weight compounds that are formed as a result of biotic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to explore the application effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with tiapride hydrochloride tablets in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The medical records of 197 children with ADHD in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Seven children who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, and 190 children were finally included in this retrospective study. Based on the different clinical therapeutic methods, these children were divided into tiapride (n = 64), rTMS (n = 64), and combination (n = 62) groups. The clinical effects of different therapeutic schemes were compared. The clinical effectiveness and the scores of Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale Version IV (SNAP-IV), Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), and Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale--Parent Report (WFIRS-P) were compared among the 3 groups. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age, course of disease, weight, and WISC-IV score among the combination, tiapride, and rTMS groups (all P > .05). The effective rate of treatment in the combination group (93.55%) was significantly higher than that in the tiapride group (78.13%) and the rTMS group (81.25%). There was a significant difference in the comparison of the combination group with the tiapride group (P = .013) and the rTMS group (P = .038). Before treatment, no significant difference existed in the scores of attention deficit symptoms and hyperactivity disorder symptoms among the 3 groups (all P > .05). After 3 months of treatment, the difference score of the combination group before and after treatment was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (all P < .001). Before treatment, no significant difference was found in the scores of conduct problems, learning problems, psychosomatic disorders, impulsive hyperactivity, anxiety and hyperactivity index among the 3 groups (all P > .05). After treatment, the combination group had significantly higher difference score before and after treatment than other 2 groups (all P < .001). There was no significant difference in WFIRS-P scores among the 3 groups before treatment (all P > .05). After treatment, the difference score in the combination group before and after treatment was significantly higher compared with other 2 groups (all P < .001). Conclusion: Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with tiapride hydrochloride tablets had a positive effect on improving the condition of children with ADHD, with certain clinical promotion value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is becoming an effective technique for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. After analyzing patients with tumor progression and sustained remission after CAR‐T cell therapy, many factors were found to be associated with the efficacy of CAR‐T therapy. This paper reviews the factors affecting the effect of CAR‐T such as tumor characteristics, tumor microenvironment and immune function of patients, CAR‐T cell structure, construction method and in vivo expansion values, lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and previous treatment, and provides a preliminary outlook on the corresponding therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha is a unique fermented beverage made from a symbiotic culture of yeast and bacteria. Kombucha is normally based on black tea added to water, then sugar is added as a substrate for fermentation in this beverage. This unique beverage is composed of amino acids, flavonoids, vitamins, and some active enzymes. Several beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial effects have been reported as a result of probiotics and prebiotics presence. These health effects of kombucha are attributed to its bioactive chemical and biological agents of probiotics bacteria e.g., Gluconobacter, Acetobacter and yeasts like Saccharomyces sps., along with glucuronic acid as the main sources of the health protection. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of Kombucha including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer antidiabetic properties, as well as liver protection, treat of gastrointestinal problems, AIDS, gastric ulcers, obesity (and energy production), detoxification, and skin health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Xianglian Zhixie tablet on oxazolone-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, and to explore its mechanism of action based on the Th1/Th2 immune axis. Methods Forty-eight male BALB/c mice were selected and were randomly divided into the blank control group, model group, mesalazine group, low-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group, medium-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group, and high-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group, with eight mice in each group. The mice in the model group, mesalazine group, low-dose, medium-dose, and highdose Xianglian Zhixie tablet groups were treated with oxazolone to induce UC. The mice in the blank control group were not treated. From the first day of the establishment of UC model, the mice were given intragastric administration once a day for seven days. Mice in the mesalazine group were given mesalazine at the dosage of 0. 31 g/kg； mice in the low-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group, medium-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group, and high-dose Xianglian Zhixie tablet group were given Xianglian Zhixie tablets at the dosage of 0. 68, 1. 36, and 2. 72 g/kg, respectively； mice in the blank control group and the model group were given an equal amount of purified water. During the administration, the disease activity index （DAI）scores were performed daily. At the end of last administration, the body mass was weighted. After anesthesia, the mouse's abdominal cavity was opened, the spleen was separated and weighed, and the spleen index was calculated. The colon was separated, and the length of the entire colon segment was measured. The part of colon tissues was taken and stained by peri⁃ odic acid-schiff. The pathological changes of the colon were observed, and the number of goblet cells of the colonic mucosa were counted by periodic acid-schiff （PAS） staining. The levels of interleukin （IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α） in colon were detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of interferon （IFN）-γ and IL-4 in colon were detected by Western blotting. The proportions of Th1 and Th2 cells in the plasma was detected by flow cytometry, and Th1/Th2 was calculated. Results Compared with the blank control group, DAI score, spleen index, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, the protein expression level of IFN-γ, whole blood Th1 cell ratio, and Th1/Th2 significantly increased, the number of goblet cells of the colonic mucosa decreased, the arrangement was irregular, the glycogen content, colon length, protein expres⁃ sion level of IL-4, and whole blood Th2 cell ratio significantly decreased in the model group （all P<0. 05）. Compared with the model group, DAI score, spleen index, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, the proportion of whole blood Th1 cells, and Th1/Th2 significantly decreased, the number of goblet cells of the colonic mucosa significantly increased, the morphology was intact, and the glycogen content tended to be normal, the shortening of colon length was significantly inhibited, and the protein expression level of IL-4 was significantly up-regulated in the Xianglian Zhixie tablet groups and mesalazine group （all P<0. 05）. Conclusions Different dosages of Xianglian Zhixie tablet have a certain therapeutic effect on oxazoloneinduced UC in mice, and the effect of high dose （twice the clinical equivalent dose） of Xianglian Zhixie tablet group is better. Regulating the Th1/Th2 immune axis, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation, may be one of the mechanisms of action of Xianglian Zhixie tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a serious disease with a high recurrence rate. The single and mixed biofilms formed by C. difficile in the gut contribute to the formation of recurrent CDI (rCDI). In parallel, other gut microbes influence the formation and development of C. difficile biofilms, also known as symbiotic biofilms. Interactions between members within the symbiotic biofilm are associated with the worsening or alleviation of CDI. These interactions include effects on C. difficile adhesion and chemotaxis, modulation of LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system activity, promotion of cross-feeding by microbial metabolites, and regulation of intestinal bile acid and pyruvate levels. In the process of C. difficile biofilms control, inhibition of C. difficile initial biofilm formation and killing of C. difficile vegetative cells and spores are the main targets of action. The role of symbiotic biofilms in CDI suggested that targeting interventions of C. difficile-promoting gut microbes could indirectly inhibit the formation of C. difficile mixed biofilms and improved the ultimate therapeutic effect. In summary, this review outlines the mechanisms of C. difficile biofilm formation and summarises the treatment strategies for such single and mixed biofilms, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of CDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurological diseases are becoming a more significant burden, and taking action on this developing issue is urgent. Developing solutions for these conditions using stem cell-based regenerative medicine is growing in appeal. Multipotent cells, or mesenchymal stromal cells, are used to treat various illnesses. The bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood are the residence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as marrow stromal cells. By producing different integrins, growth factors, cytokines, and adhesion molecules, MSCs help hematopoiesis. Additionally, depending on the lineage of the MSCs, it will be possible to differentiate them. According to in vivo studies, injected MSCs have been identified in the host's adipose tissue, articular cartilage, lung, perivascular regions of the central nervous system. The preclinical and early clinical research on MSC therapy for neurological diseases like stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease is summarized in this article. Conclusions: Much is still unclear, despite the rise in clinical trials of MSCbased treatments for neurological illnesses during the past ten years and experimental investigations utilizing animal models. Therefore, more study is required to assess and quantify the hazards associated with cell-based versus cell-free treatments, create new methods for obtaining larger numbers of healthy cells, and lessen the variability of outcomes caused by the inherent heterogeneity of MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low-frequency EA + CBT improves sleep, reduces severity, prevents daytime sleepiness. • Low-frequency EA improves sleep quality, reduces insomnia severity. • Low-frequency EA + CBT has better therapeutic effects, improves cognition in insomnia patients. To explore the therapeutic effects of low frequency electroacupuncture (EA) combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for short-term insomnia. Patients with "short-term insomnia" were randomly divided into the treatment and control groups. Patients in the treatment group were treated with low-frequency EA combined with CBT, while those in the control group were only treated with low-frequency EA. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS) scores in the two groups were compared before and after treatment within the same group, as well as between the two groups. After four weeks of treatment, the comprehensive therapeutic effects of both treatment modalities and the number of people who developed chronic insomnia were compared. The differences in PSQI score, PSQI sleep rate, ISI score, and DBAS score band after treatment, within the same group and between groups were statistically significant. There was significant difference in DBAS score between the two groups before and after treatment, and in the composition ratio of comprehensive therapeutic effects between the two groups. Low-frequency EA combined with CBT and low-frequency EA alone can significantly improve sleep cycles in patients with insomnia, reduce the sleep severity index, prevent daytime sleepiness symptoms in patients, and improve cognition in patients. Low-frequency EA combined with CBT had better therapeutic effects and improved cognition in patients, and hence can be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study delves into the impact of heart failure education intervention on improving therapeutic outcomes for heart failure (HF) patients with reduced nonvalvular ejection fraction. Methods: There involved a total of 60 HF patients with non‐valvular ejection fraction reduction who met the inclusion requirements. Patients enrolled were randomly distributed into an observation group and a control group. The observation group received heart failure education intervention, while the control group received conventional intervention. The therapeutic effect, changes in physical indicators, cardiac function indicators, coagulation function, self‐management scale scores, and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events were meticulously evaluated. Results: The total effective proportion in the observation group was 96.67%, which was significantly higher than the control group's proportion of 76.67% (p <.05). After treatment, several parameters in the observation group showed significant improvements compared to the control group: hs‐CRP, IL‐6, LVEDV value, LVESV value, PT value, APTT value, and TT value were all evidently lower in the observation group. Additionally, the cardiac index, LVEF value, and heart failure self‐management scale fraction were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (p <.05). Furthermore, the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the observation group was only 6.67%, which was significantly lower than the control group's incidence of 20.00% (p <.05). Conclusion: Heart failure education intervention demonstrates effectiveness in improving the therapeutic outcomes for HF patients and reduced nonvalvular ejection fraction. Additionally, it enhances patients' self‐management abilities. Given these positive results, it is highly recommended to promote and implement HF education intervention in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractThe therapeutic potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is monumental, offering a pathway to silence disease-causing genes with precision. However, the delivery of siRNA to target cells in-vivo remains a formidable challenge, owing to degradation by nucleases, poor cellular uptake and immunogenicity. This overview examines recent advancements in the design and application of nucleic acid-based integrated macromolecular complexes for the efficient delivery of siRNA. We dissect the innovative delivery vectors developed in recent years, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, dendrimer complexes and hybrid systems that incorporate stimuli-responsive elements for targeted and controlled release. Advancements in bioconjugation techniques, active targeting strategies and nanotechnology-enabled delivery platforms are evaluated for their contribution to enhancing siRNA delivery. It also addresses the complex interplay between delivery system design and biological barriers, highlighting the dynamic progress and remaining hurdles in translating siRNA therapies from bench to bedside. By offering a comprehensive overview of current strategies and emerging technologies, we underscore the future directions and potential impact of siRNA delivery systems in personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monoclonal antibody therapy for Covid-19 springs up all over the world and get some efficiency. This research aims to explore the treating effect of BRII-196(Ambavirumab) plus BRII-198(Lomisivir) on Covid-19. Methods: In this retrospective cohort research, patients received standard care or plus BRII-196 /BRII-198 monoclonal antibodies. General comparison of clinical indexes and prognosis between Antibody Group and Control Group was made. Further, according to the antibody using time and patients' condition, subgroups included Early antibody group, Late antibody group, Mild Antibody Group, Mild Control Group, Severe Antibody Group and Severe Control Group. Results: Length of stay(LOS) and interval of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Antibody Group were 12.0(IQR 9.0–15.0) and 14.0(IQR 10.0–16.0) days, less than those(13.0 (IQR 11.0–18.0) and 15.0 (IQR 12.8–17.0) days) of Control Group(p = 0.004, p = 0.004). LOS(median 10days) of Early Antibody Group was the shortest, significantly shorter than that of Control Group (median 13days)(p < 0.001). Interval(median 12days) of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Early Antibody Group also was significantly shorter than that of Control Group(median 15days) and Late Antibody Group(median 14days)(p = 0.001, p = 0.042). LOS(median 12days) and interval(median 13days) of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative of Mild Antibody Group was shorter than that of Mild Control Group(median 13days; median 14.5days)(p = 0.018, p = 0.033). Conclusion: The neutralizing antibody therapy, BRII-196 plus BRII-198 could shorten LOS and interval of Covid-19 nucleic acid from positive to negative. However, it didn't show efficacy for improving clinical outcomes among severe or critical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the endoscopic combined serological diagnosis strategy for G1 and G2 gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms (G-NENs), and to evaluate the safety, short-term, and long-term efficacy of two endoscopic treatment procedures: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 100 consecutive patients with G-NENs who were hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to October 2023. These patients underwent endoscopic treatment, and propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare clinicopathological characteristics, as well as short-term and long-term efficacy of lesions in the EMR group and ESD group before and after treatment. Results Among the 100 patients with G-NENs, the median age was 54 years old. Before surgery, 29 cases underwent endoscopic combined serological examination, and 24 of them (82.2%) had abnormally elevated plasma chromogranin A. The combined diagnostic strategy for autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AIG) achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 100%(22/22). A total of 235 G-NEN lesions were included, with 84 in the ESD group and 151 in the EMR group. The median size of the lesions in the ESD group (5.0 mm) was significantly larger than that in the EMR group (2.0 mm, P＜0.001). Additionally, the ESD group had significantly more lesions with pathological grade G2[23.8%(20/84) vs. 1.3%(2/151), P＜0.001], infiltration depth reaching the submucosal layer [78.6%(66/84) vs. 51.0%(77/151), P＜0.001], and more T2 stage compared to the EMR group[15.5%(13/84) vs. 0.7%(1/151), P＜0.001]. After PSM, 49 pairs of lesions were successfully matched between the two groups. Following PSM, there were no significant differences in the en bloc resection rate [100.0%(49/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], complete resection rate [93.9%(46/49) vs. 100.0%(49/49)], and complication rate [0(0/49) vs. 4.1%(2/49)] between the two groups. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or distant metastasis was observed in any of the lesions in both groups. Conclusions The combination of endoscopy and serology diagnostic strategy has the potential to enhance the accuracy of diagnosing G1 and G2 stage G-NENs and their background mucosa. Endoscopic resection surgery (EMR, ESD) is a proven and safe treatment approach for G1 and G2 stage G-NENs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cocrystallization can change the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and improve biological activities. This study focuses on the documented biological activities of APIs in cocrystal form, specifically those with anticancer properties. Additionally, the mechanisms by which these APIs exhibit modified anticancer effects are discussed. Generally, this technique can change anticancer activity through solubilization, enhancing dissolution rate, permeability improvement, stabilization, producing a slow‐release form, and retaining transient in solution and interaction with receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) has shown promise in improving the pathophysiological characteristics of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, more research is needed to understand the exact mechanism behind their therapeutic effects and their impact on lung microbiota. Methods To investigate this, rats were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: Control, COPD + vehicle, and COPD + UC-MSCs group. Lung function changes after UC-MSCs therapy were evaluated weekly for 6 weeks. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IL (interleukin)-6, and IL-1β level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were analyzed. Arterial blood gas and weight were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to examine lung pathology, while changes in the lung microbiota were evaluated through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results The administration of UC-MSCs in rats led to a progressive amelioration of COPD, as demonstrated by enhanced lung function and reduced inflammatory response. UC-MSCs treatment significantly altered the structure and diversity of the lung microbiota, effectively preventing microbiota dysbiosis. This was achieved by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and reducing the levels of Proteobacteria. Additionally, treatment with UC-MSCs reduced the activation of pathways associated with COPD, including microbial metabolism, ABC transporters, and Quorum sensing. The group of UC-MSCs showed increased metabolic pathways, such as amino acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, compared to the COPD group. Conclusions The use of UC-MSCs was found to reduce inflammation and improve lung function in rats with COPD. The mechanism may be related to the lung microbiota, as UC-MSCs improved the communities of lung microbiota and regulated dysregulated metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fairytales are crucial for children's psychological, moral, social, emotional, and cognitive development. Preschool children encounter numerous problems and their solutions through fairytales. By listening to, reading, and watching fairytales, children build their views of the world, shape their moral values, and become familiar with positive behavior models. Fairytales point to ethical problems and teach children to differentiate between good and evil in an age-appropriate way. This paper discusses the influence of fairytales on the development of preschool children. The concept of a fairytale, its structure and characteristics are described. The paper lists the most common fairytale motifs and points out the therapeutic aspect of fairytales. The significance of telling fairytales to chronically ill hospitalized children is also emphasized, as well as their identification with the main characters and expressing their fairytale experience through play, dramatization, and drawings. By their length, dynamic plot, and the speed at which realistic and fantastic images interchange, fairytales improve the attention, imagination, communication, and creativity of preschool children.

Abstract Background Studies have shown that integrating anlotinib with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors enhances survival rates among progressive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lacking driver mutations. However, not all individuals experience clinical benefits from this therapy. As a result, it is critical to investigate the factors that contribute to the inconsistent response of patients. Recent investigations have emphasized the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development and progression of NSCLC. Methods The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between lipid variations and observed treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients who were administered PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside anlotinib. A cohort composed of 30 individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC without any driver mutations was divided into three distinct groups based on the clinical response to the combination treatment, namely, a group exhibiting partial responses, a group manifesting progressive disease, and a group demonstrating stable disease. The lipid composition of patients in these groups was assessed both before and after treatment. Results Significant differences in lipid composition among the three groups were observed. Further analysis revealed 19 differential lipids, including 2 phosphatidylglycerols and 17 phosphoinositides. Conclusion This preliminary study aimed to explore the specific impact of anlotinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with advanced NSCLC. By investigating the effects of using both anlotinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, this study enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism in lung cancer treatment. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches and the identification of new therapeutic biomarkers.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can cause fatal encephalitis in newborn pigs and escape the immune system. While there is currently no effective treatment for PRV, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi polysaccharides (SGP) and Rodgersia sambucifolia Hemsl flavonoids (RHF) are traditional Chinese herbal medicines with potential preventive and therapeutic effects against PRV infection. In order to explore which one is more effective in the prevention and treatment of PRV infection in piglets. We investigate the therapeutic effects of RHF and SGP in PRV-infected piglets using clinical symptom and pathological injury scoring systems. The immune regulatory effects of RHF and SGP on T lymphocyte transformation rate, cytokines, T cells, and Toll-like receptors were also measured to examine the molecular mechanisms of these effects. The results showed that SGP significantly reduced clinical symptoms and pathological damage in the lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys in PRV-infected piglets and the T lymphocyte conversion rate in the SGP group was significantly higher than that in the other treatment groups, this potential dose-dependent effect of SGP on T lymphocyte conversation. Serum immunoglobulin and cytokine levels in the SGP group fluctuated during the treatment period, with SGP treatment showing better therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects in PRV-infected piglets than RHF or the combined SGP  +  RHF treatment. In conclusion, RHF and SGP treatments alleviate the clinical symptoms of PRV infection in piglets, and the immunomodulatory effect of SGP treatment was better than that of the RHF and a combination of both treatments. This study provides evidence for SGP in controlling PRV infection in piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The identification of effective tumor markers is of paramount importance for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The present study endeavors to identify efficacious serological markers that can differentiate patients with early-stage ESCC from those with benign esophageal lesions and healthy controls (HC). Cystatin-SN (CST1), an active cysteine protease inhibitor belonging to the Cystatin (CST) superfamily, is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammation and tumorigenesis. The objective of this investigation is to assess the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic potential of serum CST1 in ESCC. Methods: In our prior RNA sequencing and screening endeavors, we have identified ten genes that are up-regulated in relation to esophageal cancer. Subsequently, we have verified the gene CST1 from the transcriptome data of the The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database. Following this, we conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to ascertain the expression levels of CST1 in serum samples from clinical cohorts. Results: The study revealed a significant elevation in serum CST1 levels among patients with early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (7.41 ± 4.32 ng/ml) compared to those with esophageal benign lesions (4.67 ± 2.43 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001) and healthy controls (4.87 ± 2.77 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). The diagnostic sensitivity of CST1 for ESCC was 75.68% (specificity 70.83%, AUC 0.775). Combination of CST1 and SCC-Ag exhibited the AUC up to 0.819. Additionally, serum CST1 levels exhibited a significant decrease at 1-2 weeks post-surgery (4.49 ± 3.31 ng/ml) compared to pre-surgery levels (7.68 ± 3.71 ng/ml) (p<0.0001). Survival analysis demonstrated a strong association between high (844/415-1543 d) or low (1490/645-1710 d) serum CST1 levels at diagnosis and overall survival time (p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate regression analysis confirmed CST1 (p=0.024, HR=2.023, 95%CI 1.099-3.725) as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusion: Serum CST1 has the potential to function as a diagnostic indicator for distinguishing early-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from individuals with benign esophageal lesions and healthy individuals. Additionally, it could serve as a prognostic predictor and therapeutic efficacy indicator for patients with ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphysema is one of the major components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterised by the destruction and enlargement of air spaces, leading to airflow limitation and dyspnoea, finally progressing to oxygen dependency. The alveolar wall destruction is due to chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance. So far, there has been no effective therapy for patients with COPD. We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of tannic acid (TA), a naturally occurring plant-derived polyphenol in the murine emphysema model. In C57BL/6 J mice, we established emphysema by intratracheal instillation of elastase (EL). Then, mice were treated with TA and evaluated 1 and 21 days post-EL instillation. After 24 h, TA treatment significantly reduced EL-induced histopathological alterations, infiltrating leukocytes, and gene expression of markers of inflammation and apoptosis. Similarly, after 21 days, TA treatment suppressed the mean linear intercept, gene expression of proteinases, and increased elastic fiber contents in the lungs when compared to the EL-alone group. Furthermore, EL induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) p65 pathways in the lungs was suppressed by TA treatment. In summary, TA has the potential to mitigate EL-induced inflammation, apoptosis, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, and subsequent emphysema in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Meniscus tissue engineering (MTE) has emerged as a promising strategy for meniscus repair and regeneration. As versatile platforms, hydrogels have gained significant attention in this field, as they possess tunable properties that allow them to mimic native extracellular matrices and provide a suitable microenvironment. Additionally, hydrogels can be minimally invasively injected and can be adjusted to match the shape of the implant site. They can conveniently and effectively deliver bioactive additives and demonstrate good compatibility with other functional materials. These inherent qualities have made hydrogel a promising candidate for therapeutic approaches in meniscus repair and regeneration. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements made in the research on hydrogel application for meniscus tissue engineering. Firstly, the biomaterials and crosslinking strategies used in the formation of hydrogels are summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, the role of therapeutic additives, including cells, growth factors, and other active products, in facilitating meniscus repair and regeneration is thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the key issues for designing hydrogels used in MTE. Finally, we conclude with the current challenges encountered by hydrogel applications and suggest potential solutions for addressing these challenges in the field of MTE. We hope this review provides a resource for researchers and practitioners interested in this field, thereby facilitating the exploration of new design possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of early preventive ileostomy return and influencing factors. Methods The clinical medical record data of the patients with ileostomy return in this hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were collected. The patients were divided into the early stage group (<3 months, 54 cases) and common group(3 months, 140 cases) according to the time of ileostomy return. The general data, postoperative recovery and complications in the two groups were analyzed; the related factors affecting early return decision-making were analyzed. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the gender, preoperative comorbidities, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, tumor location, number of defecations after ileostomy closure, incidence rates of abdominal distension and complications between the early stage group and common group (P>0. 05); the differences in the age, stomal related complications, stoma living time, postoperative chemoradiotherapy and tumor stage between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0. 05); the duration of hospital stay, postoperative exhausting time and postoperative defecation time in the early group were earlier than those in the common group (P<0. 05), and the incidence rate of anal bulge was higher than that in the common group (P<0. 05). The multivariate analysis showed that the age (OR=0. 836, 95% CI 0. 791-0. 883, P=0. 000) and tumor location (OR=3. 000, 95% CI 1. 139-7. 899, P=0. 026) were the main factors influencing the early ileostomy return. Conclusion Early preventive ileostomy return is safe and feasible in young and middle-aged patients with median or high rectal tumor and could significantly improve the quality of life in the patients with stomal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that integrating anlotinib with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors enhances survival rates among progressive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients lacking driver mutations. However, not all individuals experience clinical benefits from this therapy. As a result, it is critical to investigate the factors that contribute to the inconsistent response of patients. Recent investigations have emphasized the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the development and progression of NSCLC. Methods: The objective of this investigation was to examine the correlation between lipid variations and observed treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients who were administered PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alongside anlotinib. A cohort composed of 30 individuals diagnosed with advanced NSCLC without any driver mutations was divided into three distinct groups based on the clinical response to the combination treatment, namely, a group exhibiting partial responses, a group manifesting progressive disease, and a group demonstrating stable disease. The lipid composition of patients in these groups was assessed both before and after treatment. Results: Significant differences in lipid composition among the three groups were observed. Further analysis revealed 19 differential lipids, including 2 phosphatidylglycerols and 17 phosphoinositides. Conclusion: This preliminary study aimed to explore the specific impact of anlotinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors on lipid metabolism in patients with advanced NSCLC. By investigating the effects of using both anlotinib and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, this study enhances our understanding of lipid metabolism in lung cancer treatment. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic approaches and the identification of new therapeutic biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]