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A hybrid material consisting of an array of vertically ordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in porous anodic alumina was fabricated directly on oxidized Si substrates. Individual CNTs with vertical orientation were grown using the catalyst Ni nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in the pore walls of a thin template based on porous anodic alumina with a pore diameter of 40 ± 5 nm. The initial film was a two-layer Ti-Al structure on a Si/SiO 2 substrate. A vertically oriented porous structure was formed by anodizing the Al layer. Electrochemical deposition was used to form the catalyst Ni-NPs with dimensions of 30 ± 5 nm. CNTs were synthesized by high-temperature chemical vapor deposition. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the surface morphology and microstructure of the composite nanostructures. The CNT length was (0.6–1.5) μm, and the CNT spacing was 110 ± 10 nm. It is expected that the resulting structure will serve as a basis for the development of CNT-based electrodes for electrochemical impedance biosensors. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used for the electrochemical characterization of the fabricated CNT-based electrodes. The results showed that the CNT-based electrodes are characterized by improved electron transfer kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs) are materials with a wide range of applications mainly focused on environmental recovery, mining, technology, sensors, etc. MIIPs can incorporate ions such as heavy metals, transition metals, rare earth elements, radionuclides, and other types of ions. The chemical structures of MIIPs can be designed for different purposes and with certain morphologies, such as gels, crystals, or powders, and the surface area and porosity are also considered. All these properties provide the material with several desirable characteristics, like high selectivity, high specificity, adequate efficiency, good stability, the possibility of reusability, and strategy technology adaptation. In this review, we show the multitude of challenges of multi-ion imprinted polymer chemical synthesis based on the different and interesting methods reported previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biggest difficulty facing the grain growth (TGG) method is the compatibility between template and ceramic matrix. Different templates show great differences in texture degree. Consider the limitation of conventional single-template method, the strategy of dual-template textured ceramics and sintering aids were introduced in this work. With the addition of ST and NN templates into BNT system, the texture degree is higher than 90% and the electrostrain reach ∼ 0.5% with ultra-low hysteresis ∼ 15%, which cannot be realized in single template textured ceramics. The two templates and sintering aids play different roles in grain orientation growth, which is important for the compatibility among matrix and templates, leading to unique microstructures. Sintering processes clearly reveal the growth mechanism of textured ceramics under the joint action of two templates, and of course, the sintering aids are also indispensable. Regard to domain structure, the polar nanoregions can respond quickly under electric field, providing assistance for the realization of ultra-low hysteresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In invisible orthodontics, the role of composite attachments in facilitating complex tooth movements is crucial. This study, which evaluates the efficacy of a novel clinical attachment procedure, holds significant implications for the field. The technique used two templates (one pre-drilled and the other pre-loaded with high-viscosity composites) and was compared with the standard procedure. Fifty attachments were planned for four dental arch prototypes. Dental impressions were taken using digital scans for virtual planning and after tested techniques. The stereolithographic files (STL) obtained were aligned with those of the virtual planning, and a colorimetric map was used to evaluate the composite resin's maximum excess and defect deviation. The enamel–resin interfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fisher test for the distribution of detachments and morphological defects and the Mann–Whitney test for the maximum values of excess and defect were used. No significant results were found between groups for morphological defects and detachments, and the maximum values of defect and excess were reported. SEM images for the experimental technique showed integrated adhesion. This innovative procedure, which has proven reliable and operationally straightforward, holds promise, instilling confidence in its practicality and potential to advance the field of orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is the most abundant residue of the sugar and alcohol industry and its use is predominantly in these same industries as a source of energy through burning. This work aims to diversify the proposals for the use of this residue; thus, the use of SCB in the alumina-supported nickel catalysts synthesis was investigated. Two routes were researched using SCB: one, the SCB was used in the alumina (catalytic support) synthesis to obtain the dimensionally predetermined materials and another to get powder materials. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 physisorption at 77 K, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The presence of SCB in the synthesis of powder materials facilitated the incorporation of nickel particles into the crystalline lattice of the support, decreasing active nickel content for catalytic. On the other hand, the pre-dimensioned catalytic materials exhibited higher crystallinity, lower nickel oxide reduction temperature and greater disposal of active nickel, resulting in higher production of ordered carbon (carbon nanotubes) and H2 COx-free under milder conditions in the methane decomposition reaction at 500 °C for 30 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relation extraction is designed to extract semantic relation between predefined entities from text. Recently, prompt tuning has achieved promising results in the field of relation extraction, and its core idea is to insert a template into the input and model the relation extraction as an masked language modeling (MLM) problem. However, existing prompt tuning approaches ignore the rich semantic information between entities and relations resulting in suboptimal performance. In addition, since MLM tasks can only identify one relation at a time, the widespread problem of entity overlap in relation extraction cannot be solved. To this end, we propose a novel Context-Aware Generative Prompt Tuning (CAGPT) method which ensures the comprehensiveness of triplet extraction by modeling relation extraction as a generative task, and outputs triplets related to the same entity at one time to overcome the entity overlap problem. Moreover, we connect entities and relations with natural language and inject entity and relationship information into the designed template which can make full use of the rich semantic information between entities and relations. Extensive experimental results on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The first aim of the study was to create a general template for analyzing potential failures in external beam radiotherapy, EBRT, using the process failure mode and effects analysis (PFMEA). The second aim was to modify the action priority (AP), a novel prioritization method originally introduced by the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), to work with different severity, occurrence, and detection rating systems used in radiation oncology. Methods and materials: The AIAG PFMEA approach was employed in combination with an extensive literature survey to develop the EBRT-PFMEA template. Subsets of high-risk failure modes found through the literature survey were added to the template where applicable. Our modified AP for radiation oncology (RO AP) was defined using a weighted sum of severity, occurrence, and detectability. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to compare the original AIAG AP, the RO AP, and the risk priority number (RPN). The results of the simulations were used to determine the number of additional corrective actions per failure mode and to parametrize the RO AP to our department’s rating system. Results: An EBRT-PFMEA template comprising 75 high-risk failure modes could be compiled. The AIAG AP required 1.7 additional corrective actions per failure mode, while the RO AP ranged from 1.3 to 3.5, and the RPN required 3.6. The RO AP could be parametrized so that it suited our rating system and evaluated severity, occurrence, and detection ratings equally to the AIAG AP. Conclusions: An adjustable EBRT-PFMEA template is provided which can be used as a practical starting point for creating institution-specific templates. Moreover, the RO AP introduces transparent action levels that can be adapted to any rating system.

Abstract Background Understanding and comparing health systems is key for cross-country learning and health system strengthening. Templates help to develop standardised and coherent descriptions and assessments of health systems, which then allow meaningful analyses and comparisons. Our scoping review aims to provide an overview of existing templates, their content and the way data is presented. Main body Based on the WHO building blocks framework, we defined templates as having (1) an overall framework, (2) a list of indicators or topics, and (3) instructions for authors, while covering (4) the design of the health system, (5) an assessment of health system performance, and (6) should cover the entire health system. We conducted a scoping review of grey literature published between 2000 and 2023 to identify templates. The content of the identified templates was screened, analyzed and compared. We found 12 documents that met our inclusion criteria. The building block `health financing´ is covered in all 12 templates; and many templates cover ´service delivery´ and ´health workforce’. Health system performance is frequently assessed with regard to ‘access and coverage’, ‘quality and safety’, and ‘financial protection’. Most templates do not cover ‘responsiveness’ and ‘efficiency’. Seven templates combine quantitative and qualitative data, three are mostly quantitative, and two are primarily qualitative. Templates cover data and information that is mostly relevant for specific groups of countries, e.g. a particular geographical region, or for high or for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Templates for LMICs rely more on survey-based indicators than administrative data. Conclusions This is the first scoping review of templates for standardized descriptions of health systems and assessments of their performance. The implications are that (1) templates can help analyze health systems across countries while accounting for context; (2) template-guided analyses of health systems could underpin national health policies, strategies, and plans; (3) organizations developing templates could learn from approaches of other templates; and (4) more research is needed on how to improve templates to better achieve their goals. Our findings provide an overview and help identify the most important aspects and topics to look at when comparing and analyzing health systems, and how data are commonly presented. The templates were created by organizations with different agendas and target audiences, and with different end products in mind. Comprehensive health systems analyses and comparisons require production of quantitative indicators and complementing them with qualitative information to build a holistic picture. Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.

Abstract Background Spatial normalization to a standardized brain template is a crucial step in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Brain templates made from sufficient sample size have low brain variability, improving the accuracy of spatial normalization. Using population-specific template improves accuracy of spatial normalization because brain morphology varies according to ethnicity and age. Methods We constructed a brain template of normal Korean elderly (KNE200) using MRI scans 100 male and 100 female aged over 60 years old with normal cognition. We compared the deformation after spatial normalization of the KNE200 template to that of the KNE96, constructed from 96 cognitively normal elderly Koreans and to that of the brain template (OCF), constructed from 434 non-demented older Caucasians to examine the effect of sample size and ethnicity on the accuracy of brain template, respectively. We spatially normalized the MRI scans of elderly Koreans and quantified the amount of deformations associated with spatial normalization using the magnitude of displacement and volumetric changes of voxels. Results The KNE200 yielded significantly less displacement and volumetric change in the parahippocampal gyrus, medial and posterior orbital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, gyrus rectus, cerebellum and vermis than the KNE96. The KNE200 also yielded much less displacement in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus and much less volumetric change in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus than the OCF. Conclusion KNE200 had the better accuracy than the KNE96 due to the larger sample size and was far accurate than the template constructed from elderly Caucasians in elderly Koreans.

Preparing well-ordered nanotubes on material surface is fundamental for a huge number of applications. Natural surfaces and theoretical approaches show that porous structures such as nanotubes are key parameters for both surface hydrophobicity and water adhesion. Here, a very easy soft-template electropolymerization approach is used to form nanotubes. A solvent of low water-solubility (dichloromethane) is mixed to water in the presence of a surfactant electrolyte for stabilizing the micelles formed in solution. The monomers investigated are thiophene and carbazole derivatives, and are all fully conjugated for favoring the deposition versus polymerization. Indeed, in all the electrodeposited films, the monomer is mostly present as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry. The key parameters in the resulting nanotubes is the monomer structure because a preferential growth is necessary and this one is induced here especially by π-stacking interactions in the direction perpendicular to monomer. The surfaces composed of nanoparticles or nanotubes are the most hydrophobic with an apparent contact angle up to 130.9° accompanied with strong water adhesion, as reported on gecko foot or rose petal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the photoresponsive monomer of 2-nitrobenzyl methacrylate (NBMA) was introduced into the dispersion polymerization of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) monomer mediated by poly[N,N-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) macro-RAFT agent, and the PDMAEMA-b-P(BzMA-co-NBMA) block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared. The effects of the introduction of NBMA on the polymerization kinetics and the morphology of formed copolymer nanoassemblies were studied in detail. Then, the light response of PDMAEMA-b-P(BzMA-co-NBMA) block copolymer nanoparticles was verified. Moreover, the copolymer nanoparticles after irradiation could be used as the templates for loading silver nanoparticles, and it is proved that the template has advantage of regulating the amount of loaded silver by changing the UV light irradiation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The peripheral microangiopathy may be well evaluated and studied by nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) which is a safe and non-invasive technique. NFC has been reported to have both diagnostic and prognostic values in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon. The overarching objective of this work was to make a consensus on what domains should be included in a capillaroscopy report and that it can be used in daily clinical practice and clinical research in the area of rheumatology. A Delphi questionnaire was developed regarding capillaroscopy report from a literature review and expert consensus. The first Delphi round included 14 core areas, its 18 domains with 50 subdomains, derived from a systematic literature review. The level of evidence was determined for each core set using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (CEBM) system. Nine response categories have been set per each item ranging between 1 and 9. Round 2, aimed to reach preliminary consensus "in" or "out" for domains. It included all items that were rated "critical" by at least 80% of the participants as well as any new domains proposed in round 1. The participants to the first, and second round were 11 experts. Fourteen domains were discussed in the two rounds. At the end of the survey, the final report template of NFC in rheumatology reached a consensus. A nailfold capillaroscopy report template has been developed by this study, based on outcomes of a Delphi process, by international participants panel. All domains met the 80% voting threshold set in this work. The reporting template can be used for both clinical research as well as day to day practice to provide guidance and standardize the NFC reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aspirin, a commonly used pharmaceutical therapeutic pharmacological substance, exhibits cross‐nucleation (intergrowth or overgrowth) of stable polymorphic Form‐I over the preferably required metastable polymorphic Form‐II, which creates a bottleneck issue in the solution crystallization of aspirin in most organic solvents and their mixtures. Controlling the overgrowth phenomenon is a key factor for designing the pharmaceutical drug material aspirin with desired properties. Hence, our present work chose a novel template‐assisted swift cooling crystallization with selected templates like copper‐wire and nylon 6/6 polymer, and also N‐N‐Dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent. The pure solution in the absence and the presence of a nylon 6/6 template in all the experimental supersaturation ranges achieves only thermodynamically stable polymorphic Form‐I of aspirin with slightly different morphologies. Contrarily, the presence of a copper‐wire template induces both stable and metastable polymorphs of aspirin depending on the level of supersaturation in the mother solution. The effect of templates on the nucleation kinetics of aspirin polymorphs is estimated using classical nucleation theory, and the determined values exactly match with experimental results. The polymorphic nature of the grown crystals is ascertained by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first aim of the study was to create a general template for analyzing potential failures in external beam radiotherapy, EBRT, using the process failure mode and effects analysis (PFMEA). The second aim was to modify the action priority (AP), a novel prioritization method originally introduced by the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG), to work with different severity, occurrence, and detection rating systems used in radiation oncology. The AIAG PFMEA approach was employed in combination with an extensive literature survey to develop the EBRT-PFMEA template. Subsets of high-risk failure modes found through the literature survey were added to the template where applicable. Our modified AP for radiation oncology (RO AP) was defined using a weighted sum of severity, occurrence, and detectability. Then, Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to compare the original AIAG AP, the RO AP, and the risk priority number (RPN). The results of the simulations were used to determine the number of additional corrective actions per failure mode and to parametrize the RO AP to our department's rating system. An EBRT-PFMEA template comprising 75 high-risk failure modes could be compiled. The AIAG AP required 1.7 additional corrective actions per failure mode, while the RO AP ranged from 1.3 to 3.5, and the RPN required 3.6. The RO AP could be parametrized so that it suited our rating system and evaluated severity, occurrence, and detection ratings equally to the AIAG AP. An adjustable EBRT-PFMEA template is provided which can be used as a practical starting point for creating institution-specific templates. Moreover, the RO AP introduces transparent action levels that can be adapted to any rating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunogenicity testing and characterization is an important part of understanding the immune response to administration of a protein therapeutic. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays are used to characterize a positive anti-drug antibody (ADA) response. Harmonization of reporting of NAb assay performance and results enables efficient communication and expedient review by industry and health authorities. Herein, a cross-industry group of NAb assay experts have harmonized NAb assay reporting recommendations and provided a bioanalytical report (BAR) submission editable template developed to facilitate agency filings. This document addresses key bioanalytical reporting gaps and provides a report structure for documenting clinical NAb assay performance and results. This publication focuses on the content and presentation of the NAb sample analysis report including essential elements such as the method, critical reagents and equipment, data analysis, study samples, and results. The interpretation of immunogenicity data, including the evaluation of the impact of NAb on safety, exposure, and efficacy, is out of scope of this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Understanding and comparing health systems is key for cross-country learning and health system strengthening. Templates help to develop standardised and coherent descriptions and assessments of health systems, which then allow meaningful analyses and comparisons. Our scoping review aims to provide an overview of existing templates, their content and the way data is presented. Main body: Based on the WHO building blocks framework, we defined templates as having (1) an overall framework, (2) a list of indicators or topics, and (3) instructions for authors, while covering (4) the design of the health system, (5) an assessment of health system performance, and (6) should cover the entire health system. We conducted a scoping review of grey literature published between 2000 and 2023 to identify templates. The content of the identified templates was screened, analyzed and compared. We found 12 documents that met our inclusion criteria. The building block 'health financing´ is covered in all 12 templates; and many templates cover ´service delivery´ and ´health workforce'. Health system performance is frequently assessed with regard to 'access and coverage', 'quality and safety', and 'financial protection'. Most templates do not cover 'responsiveness' and 'efficiency'. Seven templates combine quantitative and qualitative data, three are mostly quantitative, and two are primarily qualitative. Templates cover data and information that is mostly relevant for specific groups of countries, e.g. a particular geographical region, or for high or for low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Templates for LMICs rely more on survey-based indicators than administrative data. Conclusions: This is the first scoping review of templates for standardized descriptions of health systems and assessments of their performance. The implications are that (1) templates can help analyze health systems across countries while accounting for context; (2) template-guided analyses of health systems could underpin national health policies, strategies, and plans; (3) organizations developing templates could learn from approaches of other templates; and (4) more research is needed on how to improve templates to better achieve their goals. Our findings provide an overview and help identify the most important aspects and topics to look at when comparing and analyzing health systems, and how data are commonly presented. The templates were created by organizations with different agendas and target audiences, and with different end products in mind. Comprehensive health systems analyses and comparisons require production of quantitative indicators and complementing them with qualitative information to build a holistic picture. Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have great potential in energy storage due to their low cost, the abundance of Na, and the potential to deliver high energy and power simultaneously. This article demonstrates a template‐assisted method to induce graphitic nanodomains and micro‐mesopores into nitrogen‐doped carbons. This study elucidates that these graphitic nanodomains are beneficial for Na+ storage. The obtained N‐doped carbon (As8Mg) electrode achieved a reversible capacity of 254 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Moreover, the As8Mg‐based SIC device achieves high combinations of power/energy densities (53 W kg−1 at 224 Wh kg−1 and 10 410 W kg−1 at 51 Wh kg−1) with outstanding cycle stability (99.7% retention over 600 cycles at 0.2 A g−1). Our findings provide insights into optimizing carbon's microstructure to boost sodium storage in the pseudocapacitive mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spatial normalization to a standardized brain template is a crucial step in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Brain templates made from sufficient sample size have low brain variability, improving the accuracy of spatial normalization. Using population-specific template improves accuracy of spatial normalization because brain morphology varies according to ethnicity and age. Methods: We constructed a brain template of normal Korean elderly (KNE200) using MRI scans 100 male and 100 female aged over 60 years old with normal cognition. We compared the deformation after spatial normalization of the KNE200 template to that of the KNE96, constructed from 96 cognitively normal elderly Koreans and to that of the brain template (OCF), constructed from 434 non-demented older Caucasians to examine the effect of sample size and ethnicity on the accuracy of brain template, respectively. We spatially normalized the MRI scans of elderly Koreans and quantified the amount of deformations associated with spatial normalization using the magnitude of displacement and volumetric changes of voxels. Results: The KNE200 yielded significantly less displacement and volumetric change in the parahippocampal gyrus, medial and posterior orbital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, gyrus rectus, cerebellum and vermis than the KNE96. The KNE200 also yielded much less displacement in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus and much less volumetric change in the cerebellum, vermis, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus than the OCF. Conclusion: KNE200 had the better accuracy than the KNE96 due to the larger sample size and was far accurate than the template constructed from elderly Caucasians in elderly Koreans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The peer review process is critical to maintaining quality, reliability, novelty, and innovation in the scientific literature. However, the teaching of scientific peer review is rarely a component of formal scientific or clinical training, and even the most experienced peer reviewers express interest in continuing education. The objective of this review article is to summarize the collective perspectives of experienced journal editors about how to be a good reviewer in a step-by-step guide that can serve as a resource for the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript. Methods: This is a narrative review. Results: A review of the history and an overview of the modern-day peer review process are provided with attention to the role played by the reviewer, including important reasons for involvement in scientific peer review. The general components of a scientific peer review are described, and a model for how to structure a peer review report is provided. These concepts are also summarized in a reviewer checklist that can be used in real-time to develop and double-check one's reviewer report before submitting it. Conclusions: Peer review is a critically important service for maintaining quality in the scientific literature. Peer review of a scientific manuscript and the associated reviewer's report should assess specific details related to the accuracy, validity, novelty, and interpretation of a study's results. We hope that this article will serve as a resource and guide for reviewers of all levels of experience in the performance of peer review of a scientific manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract [cn]daisy chain molecular muscle architectures are self‐assemblies of hermaphrodite monomers, which usually contain a macrocycle unit linked to a molecular thread that contains sites of interactions – i. e. molecular stations – for the macrocycle. In these multiply threaded structures, altering with control the affinity between macrocycles and stations allows for contraction and extension of the molecule, which is reminiscent of the operation of a muscle. Besides, the field that consists of combining helix and template‐containing rods to design foldaxane supramolecular assemblies is still underexplored. By using foldamer units as surrogates for macrocycles, Gan et al. reported the first supramolecular muscle‐like foldamer‐containing switch that can adopt, after chemical stimulus, either a contracted co‐conformational state or a degenerate‐like state for which a slow exchange occurred between the contracted and the stretched state.

Research aims: This study aims to explain the performance accountability system best practice implementation of Yogyakarta Special Region’s (Yogyakarta) Local Government through a valid and reliable design that is ready to be adopted and used as a role model by other local governments. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research used a qualitative method with a case study approach to reach the research objective. Research data was collected using in-depth interviews and documentation techniques. Research findings: This study succeeds in realizing a design by providing an applicable template as a recommendation tool compiled from seventeen items of success measures that are the performance accountability system’s best practices at the Yogyakarta Local Government. This study becomes more complex because it has been equipped with simulations of template filling out as well as a comparative analysis of the performance accountability system’s implementation between the Yogyakarta Local Government and the Central Java Local Government. The results of filling out the template for the Central Java Local Government revealed that 88% of the success measures have been applied, and another 12% have not. Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study provides an academic contribution as a reference related to the performance accountability system of government agencies. Practitioner/Policy implication: This study also provides a practical contribution to other local governments regarding the application of the performance accountability system’s best practices at the Yogyakarta Local Government through the design of the performance accountability system’s best practices that can be adopted and used as a role model in strengthening the performance accountability system. Research limitation/Implication: This study has limitations, namely that the researcher was unable to conduct interviews with the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform due to communication problems, which prevented the interview process from being carried out.

Human infancy is marked by fastest postnatal brain structural changes. It also coincides with the onset of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Atlas‐based automated structure labeling has been widely used for analyzing various neuroimaging data. However, the relatively large and nonlinear neuroanatomical differences between infant and adult brains can lead to significant offsets of the labeled structures in infant brains when adult brain atlas is used. Age‐specific 1‐ and 2‐year‐old brain atlases covering all major gray and white matter (GM and WM) structures with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI are critical for precision medicine for infant population yet have not been established. In this study, high‐quality DTI and structural MRI data were obtained from 50 healthy children to build up three‐dimensional age‐specific 1‐ and 2‐year‐old brain templates and atlases. Age‐specific templates include a single‐subject template as well as two population‐averaged templates from linear and nonlinear transformation, respectively. Each age‐specific atlas consists of 124 comprehensively labeled major GM and WM structures, including 52 cerebral cortical, 10 deep GM, 40 WM, and 22 brainstem and cerebellar structures. When combined with appropriate registration methods, the established atlases can be used for highly accurate automatic labeling of any given infant brain MRI. We demonstrated that one can automatically and effectively delineate deep WM microstructural development from 3 to 38 months by using these age‐specific atlases. These established 1‐ and 2‐year‐old infant brain DTI atlases can advance our understanding of typical brain development and serve as clinical anatomical references for brain disorders during infancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crohn's disease patients may require multiple surgeries during their lifetime. Because operative reports are not standardized, information relevant to future management may not be documented. Synoptic reports used in other fields such as histopathology have proven to be effective and allow consistent documentation of results. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the completeness of the operative reports for ileocolic Crohn's resections (ICR) and to propose a synoptic report. Methods: A draft synoptic operative report for ICR for Crohn's disease was presented in the IBD multidisciplinary meeting and a Delphi process used to gain consensus for inclusion in the synoptic report. Retrospective analysis of consecutive ICR from January 2010 to April 2023 was undertaken to determine the presence of the standardized criteria. Results: A total of 66 ICR were performed in 63 patients during the study period. No operation reports were excluded. The examination of bowel for macroscopic disease was partially documented in 88% cases. The extent of mesenteric resection and any difficulty encountered during dissection were poorly documented. The remaining length of small and large intestines was not documented in most operative reports. The clinical sections that were compulsory entrance in the electronic operative report achieved 100% compliance. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that key information was often deficient in the operative report. This may have a significant impact on the future management of Crohn's patients and affects the interpretation of research outcomes. A proposed clinical synoptic operative report is easy to use and ensures compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (2097-2806) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore the effectiveness of cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients assisted by a three-dimensional printing navigation template. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 98 middle-aged and elderly patients who underwent cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fractures were retrospectively analyzed. They were allocated into two groups, each comprising 49 patients. Surgical indexes, hip function, and pain levels were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The study group, assisted by the three-dimensional printing navigation template, exhibited significantly reduced nail insertion, fewer instances of C-arm fluoroscopy, shorter operation time, quicker time to bone union, earlier initiation of walking exercise, shorter time to weight-bearing walking, and reduced hospital stay than those in the control group (all p<0.001). However, the study group also experienced higher blood loss compared to the control group (p<0.001). Postoperatively, at 3 months and 12 months, the study group demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to the control group (both p<0.001) and reported significantly lower pain scores than that in the other group at 1 week and 12 months post-surgery (both p<0.001). Furthermore, the study group experienced significantly fewer postoperative complications than the control group (p=0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Cannulated screw fixation for femoral neck fractures assisted by a 3D printing navigation template is more effective and safer than traditional fixation methods. This approach represents a promising alternative for surgical management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work introduces the synthesis of inorganic salt nano/micro-crystals during the reduction of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) by Pluronic triblock copolymers (P123, PEO20–PPO70–PEO20). The morphologies and component were confirmed using an electron microscope with an electronic differential system (EDS), and the crystal structures were determined with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphologies highly depend on the concentrations of Pluronic and pH values. The mean size of the nanocrystal and hollow micro-crystal were controlled typically in the range of 32–150 nm (side length) and 1.4 μm, respectively. Different from the electrospray–ionization (EI) method, a model in which KCl forms a supersaturated solution in the micellar core of Pluronic is used to explain the formation process. This work provides the new insight that inorganic salt nanocrystals could be synthesized with the template of micelles in pure aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess root canal localization accuracy using a dynamic approach, surgical guides and freehand technique in vitro. Materials and methods: Access cavities were prepared for 4 different 3D printed tooth types by 4 operators (n = 144). Deviations from the planning in angle and bur positioning were compared and operating time as well as tooth substance loss were evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis Test, ANOVA). Operating method, tooth type, and operator effects were analyzed (partial eta-squared statistic). Results: Angle deviation varied significantly between the operating methods (p <.0001): freehand (9.53 ± 6.36°), dynamic (2.82 ± 1.8°) and static navigation (1.12 ± 0.85°). The highest effect size was calculated for operating method (ηP²=0.524), followed by tooth type (0.364), and operator (0.08). Regarding deviation of bur base and tip localization no significant difference was found between the methods. Operating method mainly influenced both parameters (ηP²=0.471, 0.379) with minor effects of tooth type (0.157) and operator. Freehand technique caused most substance loss (p <.001), dynamic navigation least (p <.0001). Operating time was the shortest for freehand followed by static and dynamic navigation. Conclusions: Guided endodontic access may aid in precise root canal localization and save tooth structure. Clinical relevance: Although guided endodontic access preparation may require more time compared to the freehand technique, the guided navigation is more accurate and saves tooth structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai University / Shanghai Daxue Xuebao is the property of Journal of Shanghai University (Natural Sciences) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the oncological impact of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) vs standard PLND (sPLND) during radical cystectomy (RC) in clinically lymph node‐positive (cN+) bladder cancer (BCa). Patients and Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre study we included 969 patients who underwent RC with sPLND (internal/external iliac and obturator lymph nodes) or ePLND (sPLND plus common iliac and presacral nodes) with or without platin‐based peri‐operative chemotherapy for cTany N1‐3 M0 BCa between 1991 and 2022. We assessed the impact of ePLND on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and the distribution of recurrences (locoregional and distant recurrences). The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). We performed propensity‐score matching using covariates associated with the extent of PLND in univariable logistic regression analysis. The association of the extent of PLND with RFS and OS was investigated using Cox regression models. Results: Of 969 cN+ patients, 510 were 1:1 matched on propensity scores. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to recurrence was 8 (4–16) months, and median (IQR) follow‐up of alive patients was 30 (13–51) months. Disease recurrence was observed in 104 patients in the ePLND and 107 in the sPLND group. Of these, 136 (27%), 47 (9.2%) and 19 patients (3.7%) experienced distant, locoregional, or both distant and locoregional disease recurrence, respectively. When stratified by the extent of PLND, we did not find a difference in recurrence patterns (P > 0.05). ePLND improved neither RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–1.19; P = 0.5) nor OS (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.60–1.01; P = 0.06) compared to sPLND. Stratification by induction chemotherapy did not change outcomes. Conclusion: Performing an ePLND at the time of RC in cN+ patients improved neither RFS nor OS compared to sPLND, regardless of induction chemotherapy status. Pretreatment risk stratification is paramount to identify ideal candidates for RC with ePLND as part of a multimodal treatment approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of natural products with complicated architectures often requires the use of segments with functional groups that can be structurally transformed with the desired stereogenic centers. Bicyclic -lactones have great potential as a suitable segment for natural product synthesis. However, the stereoselective construction of such functionalized bicyclic -lactones is not as straightforward as one might expect. The template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction is one of the most powerful and versatile methods for providing bicyclic -lactones with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In this reaction, the diene is linked to the dienophile by a temporary tether, allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently, yielding a product that can be used for natural product synthesis. This review describes some important instances of the template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction and its application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate the utilization of cage germoxanes as templates for tuning the pore characteristics of siloxane-based materials. Molecular-scale composites of cage germoxanes and cage siloxanes were prepared by hydrosilylation reactions between SiH- and vinyl-modified cage siloxanes in the presence of vinyl-modified cage germoxanes. Subsequent acid treatments selectively removed the germoxane moiety, resulting in variation in the pore structures. These results contribute to developing a novel method for tuning the pore characteristics of siloxane-based nanoporous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThis study was aimed to assess the feasibility and efficacy of 3D printing digital template for treatment of cubitus varus deformity.Methods32 patients who underwent lateral closing osteotomy were evaluated between January 2018 and January 2020 in this retrospective study. Navigation templates were used in 17 cases, while conventional surgery in 15 cases. The carrying angles before and after surgery, operation time and elbow joint function were compared.ResultsNavigation templates matched well with the anatomical markers of the lateral humerus. More accurate osteotomy degrees, shorter operation time and less radiation exposure were achieved in the navigation template group (p

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of a new surgical drill guide model printed in 3D to assist in directing cervical transpedicular screw placement. Five canine cadavers underwent computed tomography (CT). C5 and C6 cervical vertebrae were exported to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction software, which allowed the creation of an animal-specific virtual perforation surgical guide (3DSDG) based on the safe corridor of the vertebral pedicle for placement of 2.7 mm screws. The 3DSDG were printed in 3D by the SLA method. Pedicular screws were applied with the aid of the 3DSDG in cadaveric vertebrae (specimens) and ABS-printed biomodels. After implantation, a CT scan was performed on the specimens and biomodels, the images were exported to a program to assess the transverse angle of the perforations. There was no difference between the screw trajectories angles in the species (p >0.05) and biomodels (p >0.05). The evaluation of screw trajectories by the three-dimensional reconstruction method and by computed tomography also showed no significant differences (p >0.05). Our hypothesis was confirmed once the 3D-printed animal-specific drill guide can potentially help guide the drill for screw drilling in the caudal cervical vertebral pedicle in dogs.

Multi-ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs) are materials with a wide range of applications mainly focused on environmental recovery, mining, technology, sensors, etc. MIIPs can incorporate ions such as heavy metals, transition metals, rare earth elements, radionuclides, and other types of ions. The chemical structures of MIIPs can be designed for different purposes and with certain morphologies, such as gels, crystals, or powders, and the surface area and porosity are also considered. All these properties provide the material with several desirable characteristics, like high selectivity, high specificity, adequate efficiency, good stability, the possibility of reusability, and strategy technology adaptation. In this review, we show the multitude of challenges of multi-ion imprinted polymer chemical synthesis based on the different and interesting methods reported previously.

In invisible orthodontics, the role of composite attachments in facilitating complex tooth movements is crucial. This study, which evaluates the efficacy of a novel clinical attachment procedure, holds significant implications for the field. The technique used two templates (one pre-drilled and the other pre-loaded with high-viscosity composites) and was compared with the standard procedure. Fifty attachments were planned for four dental arch prototypes. Dental impressions were taken using digital scans for virtual planning and after tested techniques. The stereolithographic files (STL) obtained were aligned with those of the virtual planning, and a colorimetric map was used to evaluate the composite resin’s maximum excess and defect deviation. The enamel–resin interfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fisher test for the distribution of detachments and morphological defects and the Mann–Whitney test for the maximum values of excess and defect were used. No significant results were found between groups for morphological defects and detachments, and the maximum values of defect and excess were reported. SEM images for the experimental technique showed integrated adhesion. This innovative procedure, which has proven reliable and operationally straightforward, holds promise, instilling confidence in its practicality and potential to advance the field of orthodontics.

A novel low temperature molten salt mediated in-situ template formation (MSMITF) strategy was developed to synthesise high quality reticulated foams of complex oxides and carbides from their single oxide and carbon counterparts, respectively. As working tools, CaZrO 3 and TiC foams were prepared in CaCl 2 and KCl at as low as 1300 and 1050 °C, respectively, which retained largely major macroporous features of the pristine ZrO 2 and C template foams, demonstrating well the feasibility of the MSMITF strategy. It is believed that the proposed strategy would be universally applicable to preparing a range of complex oxide and carbide foams, potentially benefiting various important areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MFI zeolite was synthesized using TPABr (Tetrapropylammonium bromide) and TBABr (Tetrabutylammonium bromide) templates to investigate the zeolite-template interaction and obtain the mesoporous structure of this zeolite. To achieve the lowest amount of required template, the zeolite was synthesized with TPABr with several molar compositions. The synthesized zeolite with TPABr at a temperature of 170 °C and a molar ratio of 0.2 has better crystallinity with smaller particle size. However, the zeolite synthesis with TBABr at similar condition is not successful due to the high zeolite-template interaction. Investigating the temperature effect (125–185 °C) on the zeolite-template interaction within the hydrothermal synthesis shows that the synthesis with TBABr at 140 °C reduced the zeolite-template interaction and led to successful synthesis of MFI zeolite. These crystals are less sharp, longer, and thinner than the crystals synthesized with TPABr. It has more mesoporous crystalline structure (15%) and larger pore diameter (30%) with narrow slit-like pores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarized the synthesis methods of Beta molecular sieves have been comprehensively analyzed and summarized from traditional synthesis methods and improved ones, as well as green and special performance synthesis methods・ The synthesis mechanism, synthesis conditions, process routes, and their advantages and disadvantages have been comprehensively analyzed and summarized, and the future is expected the development prospects and research directions of molecular sieve synthesis Beta methods, point out that among many synthesis methods, solvent-free crystallization synthesis, sodium free synthesis, and template free synthesis have great development potential in low-cost synthesis and green environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoreactors with yolk-shell configuration have been one of the most attractive objects because of their unique performance in specific reactions. However, complicated synthesis procedures have restricted the truth understanding and wide application of the yolk-shell architectures. This article presents a universal and facile sol-gel process for fabrication of mesoporous silica hollow structure and derived yolk-shell composites with extended Stöber resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as sacrificed template. The crucial influence factors for the morphology of products are investigated. A series of yolk-shell composites with multitudinous components have been successfully designed and are further catalytic tested by different reactions. This work has provided a universal avenue for the fabrication of yolk-shell nanoreactors to suit specific reaction needs. Highlights: The resorcinol-formaldehyde resin is an effective template to construct hollow mesoporous silica. Suitable surfactant ligand and solvent composition are crucial. Universal yolk-shell architecture can be fabricated by this facile approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of NiMgAl-X catalysts are prepared by adding the γ-Al 2 O 3 as a sacrificial template method through co-precipitation and applied to the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, H 2 -TPR, CO 2 -TPD, Raman, TPH, and TG. The results show that the appropriate addition of γ-Al 2 O 3 can improve the structural stability of the catalyst so that the catalyst can maintain a well-shaped flower-like lamellar structure after calcination at 700 °C, improve the nickel dispersion and surface alkalinity to a certain extent, and improve its catalytic activity while maintaining good stability. The NMA-1 catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity of 73.7% and 83.2% conversion of CH 4 and CO 2 respectively after 50 h reaction, which is increased by 4.3% and 3.0% compared to the NMA catalyst. • Preparation of flower-like lamellar structure catalysts by γ-Al 2 O 3 sacrificial template method. • The introduction of γ-Al 2 O 3 enhances the structural stability of the catalyst. • The introduction of an appropriate amount of γ-Al 2 O 3 improves the catalytic activity and stability. • Increasing the temperature facilitates the catalytic activity of the catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research article investigates the development of Vertical Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Channel High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) for Power Applications in IC Technology. This specialized transistor, the Vertical GaAs Channel HEMT, is designed with unique properties enabling its application in high-frequency and high-power operations, particularly in power-related contexts. The abstract succinctly encapsulates the ongoing progress in this development, emphasizing its primary focus on enhancing power efficiency and performance within integrated circuits (ICs). The innovation seeks to facilitate the creation of more compact and efficient electronic devices by integrating power applications seamlessly into ICs. Notably, the technology's ability to operate at higher frequencies renders it pertinent for applications in communication and radar systems. The study also explores the potential for reducing power consumption, aligning with the industry's overarching commitment to energyefficient electronics. The broader applications of Vertical GaAs Channel HEMT extend into emerging fields such as 5G communication and satellite technology, signifying substantial advancements in the realm of advanced and efficient electronic systems. The abstract concludes by recommending researchers refer to recent academic journals and industry publications for the latest updates on semiconductor advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating new emojis is predicated on a system of technical writing that lobbies for new emojis to the Unicode Consortium. Emojination, an activist collective working for cultural inclusivity, helps everyday people write proposals for inclusive and culturally sensitive emojis. Through a case study of Emojination, this article describes ways that Tactical Technical Communication can work toward cultural inclusivity within regulatory frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]