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Considering that lead‐based piezoelectric ceramics are not conducive to sustainable development, the research and preparation of environmentally friendly lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics has become a new trend. Among them, potassium‐sodium niobate based (KNN‐based) piezoelectric ceramics are considered as the most potential candidates because of their good piezoelectric properties. However, the strong sensitivity to temperature has hindered the further application of KNN‐based ceramics. In this work, the ZnO dopant was introduced in 0.96K0.48Na0.52Nb0.96Sb0.04O3–0.04Bi0.5Na0.5HfO3 ceramics to improve their piezoelectric characteristics. On the one hand, Zn2+ could occupy B‐site and thus enhance the lattice distortion of BO6 octahedra, resulting the enhanced piezoelectric properties including kp = 46%, d33 = 344 pC/N and TC = 282°C in the optimal component with x = 0.01. On the other hand, the defect dipole formed by the acceptor dopant Zn2+ pinned the motion of domain wall, and thus improved the temperature stability over a wide temperature range of 20°C to 180°C, where the descent in unipolar strain decreased from 35% (x = 0) to 23% (x = 0.01). This work provides a point of view about how ZnO dopants make an influence on the KNN‐based ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uninterrupted breakthroughs in the room temperature piezoelectric properties of KNN-based piezoceramics have been witnessed over the past two decades; however, poor temperature stability presents a major challenge for KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics in their effort to replace their lead-based counterparts. Herein, to enhance temperature stability in KNN-based ceramics while preserving the high piezoelectric response, multilayer composite ceramics were fabricated using textured thick films with distinct polymorphic phase transition temperatures. The results demonstrated that the composite ceramics exhibited both outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33~467 ± 16 pC/N; S~0.17% at 40 kV/cm) and excellent temperature stability with d33 and strain variations of 9.1% and 2.9%, respectively, over a broad temperature range of 25–180 °C. This superior piezoelectric temperature stability is attributed to the inter-inhibitive piezoelectric fluctuations between the component layers, the diffused phase transition, and the stable phase structure with a rising temperature, as well as the permanent contribution of crystal orientation to piezoelectric performance over the studied temperature range. This novel strategy, which addresses the piezoelectric and strain temperature sensitivity while maintaining high performance, is well-positioned to advance the commercial application of KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with large strain response and good temperature stability are highly required for actuator applications. However, the search for lead-free ceramics with both enhanced strain and reduced thermal-dependent behavior is a great challenge. In this work, by employing templated grain growth technique and elaborately modulate the phase structure, large unipolar strain of 0.30 %, low strain hysteresis H s ∼ 12 %, along with small strain variation 11.8 % between 20 and 100 °C are achieved in (001) C -oriented (Ba 0.95 Ca 0.05)(Sn 0.04 Ti 0.96)O 3 ceramics, being the optimal level of BaTiO 3 family. It is revealed the ceramics exhibit a coexistence of orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. The inherent piezoelectric anisotropy of orthorhombic phase, the reversible a → c domain switch, along with the refined non-180° domain structures contribute to the remarkable electrostrain characteristic. This study proposed a promising strategy to develop high performance piezoelectric materials for actuator applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, giant quantum dots (g‐QDs) with a core/interface graded alloy shell/shell structure have shown promise in reducing photoluminescence (PL) intermittency and improving photostability. However, this approach has been mainly demonstrated with red and green emitting g‐QDs but the blue‐emitting graded alloy QDs has remained less explored. To tackle this challenge, a composition gradient method is employed to create three blue‐emitting CdZnS/CdxZn1–xS/ZnS core/interface graded alloy shell/shell (C/A/S) quantum dots (QDs) with different diameters. The sample with the largest diameter (gQD‐3) exhibits superior optical characteristics, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of approximately 62% and around 80% ON/radiative events at the single‐particle level. Conversely, the smallest diameter (gQD‐1) sample shows lower PLQY and only 30% radiative events with longer OFF/nonradiative events. Probability distribution analysis of PL trajectories, fitted with a truncated power law, reveals a significantly higher carrier de‐trapping rate in gQD‐3 compared to gQD‐1, attributed to its proximity to band edge trap states. Additionally, the largest diameter sample retains remarkable optical performance during 48 h of continuous UV irradiation in colloidal suspension and single‐particle levels. These findings show optimized core/shell structures, gradual alloy interfaces, and outer shell coatings can stabilize blue‐emitting quantum dots, advancing next‐gen optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of high-power piezoelectric ceramics with superior piezoelectric properties and broad temperature usage ranges is vital for the thriving progress of electromechanical applications. However, achieving high piezoelectricity, high mechanical quality factor, and temperature stability often presents a trade-off. In this study, we present an advanced ceramic material with excellent high-power piezoelectric properties and superior temperature stability. The piezoelectric coefficient d 33 reaches 348 pC N−1, the electromechanical coupling factor k p is 54%, the mechanical quality factor Q m is 1501, the dielectric loss tanδ is 0.35%, and the d 33 variation is less than 10% within 25–210 °C in 0.05Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O 3 -0.05Pb(Mn 1/3 Sb 2/3)O 3 -0.9Pb 0.95 Sr 0.05 (Zr 0.48 Ti 0.52)O 3 ceramic. The excellent piezoelectricity is attributed to the enhancement of intrinsic ionic displacement and reversible domains wall motion because of symmetry-conforming short-range distribution of oxygen vacancy, while the high Q m is a result of increased domain size and oxygen vacancy. The outstanding temperature stability is related to the stable non-180°domains structure due to the oxygen vacancy pinning effect. These properties hold great potential for advanced applications, particularly for piezoelectric high-power applications requiring constant d 33 over a broad temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel synergistic strategy was used to improve the piezoelectric characteristics of high-temperature piezoelectric ceramics. This work combined three commonly used strategies, constructing the Morphotropic Phase Boundary to reduce energy barriers, changing domain structures impacting macroscopic piezoelectric properties, and adjusting BO 6 octahedral distortions reflecting microstructural changes, thus effectively regulating the piezoelectric behaviors of BiFeO 3 -based ceramics. As a result, the 0.67BiFeO 3 -0.32BaTiO 3 -0.01BiAlO 3 component, exhibiting the maximum distortion of the BO 6 octahedron and the coexistence of macrodomains and nanodomains, achieved the optimal piezoelectric characteristics (d 33 = 225 ± 10 pC N−1, T C = 450 °C). Additionally, the ceramic maintained its high piezoelectric properties even at temperatures as high as 280 °C (346 pC N−1). This study presents a novel collaborative design strategy that combines phase structure, domain structure, and BO 6 octahedral distortion, significantly enhancing the development potential of lead-free high-temperature piezoelectric materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing a high‐entropy strategy, we propose a novel approach for synthesizing (Na0.4K0.1Bi0.5)TiO3 (NKBT)‐based ceramics endowed with exceptional dielectric stability at elevated temperatures. The high‐entropy effect induces a random tilt in the oxygen octahedra of NKBT ceramics, leading to a broad dielectric response characterized by diffuse phase transitions. By weakening the dielectric abnormal peak at Ts of BNT, the dielectric stability of high‐entropy NKBT ceramics is significantly enhanced. Notably, at 100 kHz, the temperature stability range of (Na0.4K0.1Bi0.5)(Ti0.65Zr0.1Sn0.15Hf0.1)O3, synthesized through the traditional solid reaction method, reaches an impressive 311°C, surpassing undoped NKBT by 257%. This significant enhancement underscores the feasibility of our high‐entropy strategy in improving dielectric performance. Our work demonstrates a straightforward and cost‐effective method for significantly improving the dielectric temperature stability of NKBT ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the incorporation of Ba(Sn0.70Nb0.24)O3 (BSN) effectively modifies the phase boundary of the 0.8(Bi0.50Na0.50)TiO3‐0.2(Bi0.50K0.50)TiO3 (BNKT) lead‐free ceramic material, inducing enhanced electrostrain properties at room temperature, particularly results in a "bud‐like" strain profile without negative strain. A comprehensive investigation has been conducted into the microstructure, electrical properties, and electrostrain properties of the above‐mentioned ceramics. The addition of BSN was observed to be well incorporated into the BNKT crystal structure, forming a single perovskite structure according to the X‐ray diffraction pattern. With the increase in BSN solid solution content, the temperature at which the transition from ferroelectric to the relaxor phase occurs shifted from 88.1°C to beneath room temperature (30°C). Specifically, the BNKT‐0.0075BSN ceramic demonstrated a positive strain response of 0.459% along with a large signal piezoelectric coefficient (d33*) of 643 pm/V. Additionally, the strain hysteresis of the BNKT‐0.0175BSN ceramics was only about 3% at 120°C. These experimental findings suggest that BNKT‐xBSN ceramics could be strong contenders for actuators and sensors, presenting promising opportunities for lead‐free ceramic actuator applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents a novel dielectric study of Ba 1-x Y x Ti (1-x/4) O 3 (x = 0, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 %) with graphene oxide (GO) via sonication. BaTiO 3 (BT) is a well-known ceramic material with excellent properties, and its temperature stability is crucial for high-temperature applications. However, there is a lack of scientific research exploring this stability at elevated temperatures. This research provides valuable insights into the stability of BaTiO 3 -Yttrium-based ceramics, particularly in conjunction with graphene (BYT@GO), paving the way for potential applications in high-temperature environments. The tetragonality of the structures was identified by powder X-ray diffraction. A uniform grain size was observed for BT@GO, However, BYT@GO (Y% = 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, and 8 %) exhibited a homogeneous morphology and dense microstructure, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Dielectric measurements were conducted to evaluate the permittivity of the materials as a function of frequency at room temperature. All ceramics demonstrated stable permittivity and low dielectric losses as a function of frequency (<2 × 10−4 for BT@GO, 4 × 10−3 for BYT4%@GO, 6 × 10−3 for BYT6%@GO, and 8 × 10−3 for BYT8%@GO). In addition, BT@GO and BYT 8 %@GO exhibited exceptional dielectric stability at temperatures ranging from 20 to 300 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free 0.96(K0.48Na0.52)(Nb0.965Sb0.035−xErx)O3-0.04(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 (KNNS0.035−xEx-BNZ) multifunctional ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method combined with the two-step sintering method. The results show that the ceramics doped with a moderate amount of Er3+ show good piezoelectric properties and excellent temperature stability, while displaying bright up-conversion photoluminescence. Er3+-doping shifts the orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transition temperature (TO-T) down to below room temperature and enhances the temperature stability of the ceramics. For a 0.2 mol%Er3+-doped sample, the room-temperature piezoelectric constant d33 reached 343 pC/N. The sample shows good resistance to thermal depoling as noted that the d33 value remaining at more than 95% of that at room temperature when the temperature was increased to 230 °C. Relying on the luminescence behavior of rare earth Er3+ ions, Er3+-doped samples exhibit a strong photoluminescence with a bright green up-conversion emission under excitation at 980 nm. Two green emissions, at 525 nm and 550 nm, corresponded to the transitions from 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 to 4S3/2 → 4I15/2, and a weak red emission at 660 nm was assigned to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition obtained under the excitation of a 980-nm laser. The multifunctional properties in the Er-doped samples make them promising for multifunctional device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to develop purple-coloured polymeric coatings using natural anthocyanin and desoxyanthocianidins (3-DXA) colourants for application to chocolate almonds. The objective is to achieve a stable and uniform colour formulation throughout processing and storage, enhancing the appearance and durability of the almonds to appeal to health-conscious consumers and align with market demands. Plant materials like sweet potato pulp, sweet potato peel, radish peel, black carrot, and sorghum were employed to obtain the desired purple hue. Anthocyanidins and 3-DXA were extracted from the matrices using solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted methods at different pH values. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) were used to identify the compounds in the extracts. The highest antioxidant capacities, as measured by the DPPH• and FRAP methods, were observed in purple sweet potato and dye factory extracts, respectively; meanwhile, sorghum extract inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating its potential for managing postprandial hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The degradation kinetics of coloured coatings in sugar syrup formulations with anthocyanins and 3-DXA revealed that locust bean gum offered the best colour stabilization for plant extracts, with sorghum extracts showing the highest and black carrot extracts the lowest colour variation when coated with Arabic gum. Sweet potato pulp extracts exhibited less colour variation in sugar pastes, both with and without blue spirulina dye, compared to factory dye, highlighting their potential as a more stable and suitable alternative for colouring purple almonds, particularly over a five-month storage period. This study supports sustainable practices in the confectionery industry while aligning with consumer preferences for healthier and environmentally friendly products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuning ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is crucial for facilitating its practical applications in various fields, including in-memory and neuromorphic computing. Previous studies have revealed that the electrodes have a significant influence on ferroelectricity, and changing electrode materials can realize different but discrete ferroelectric polarization values. Here, we introduce an alloy-electrode method, in order to achieve gradual and accurate modulation of ferroelectric polarization, especially useful for matching the polarization charges at the interface of ferroelectric insulators and ferroelectric semiconductors. Au and W electrodes are chosen as baselines for realizing weak and strong ferroelectric polarization, where the intermediate states can be achieved by adjusting the ratio of metals in the Au-W alloy. To demonstrate the generality of this approach, the Cu-W alloy electrode is also realized for tuning ferroelectric polarization. The effect of alloy electrodes on device leakage current, endurance, and retention is evaluated. In addition, the temperature stability of ferroelectric capacitors is tested, where limited changes in both remnant polarization and coercive voltages are observed, showing the great potential of the ferroelectric hafnium oxide. Such gradual modulation of ferroelectric polarization could facilitate the application of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 in in-memory and neuromorphic computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the demand for miniaturization of electronic devices increases, ceramics with an ABO3 structure require further improvement of the dielectric constant with high permittivity. In the present work, Ba1−1.5xBixTiO3 (BB100xT, x = 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075, 0.01) ceramics were prepared via a solid-state reaction process. The effect of Bi doping on dielectric properties of lead-free relaxor ferroelectric BaTiO3-based ceramics was studied. The results showed that both colossal permittivity (37,174) and a temperature stability of TCC ≤ ±15% (−27–141 °C) were achieved in BB100xT ceramics at x = 0.5%. The A-site donor doping produces A-site vacancies, a larger space for Ti4+, and fluctuation of the component, which is partially responsible for the high permittivity and responsible for the temperature stability. Meanwhile, the contribution of defect dipoles, and IBLC and SBLC effects to polarization leads to the colossal permittivity. The formation of a liquid phase during sintering promotes mass transfer when the doping content is higher than 0.5%. This work benefits the exploration of novel multilayer ceramic capacitors with colossal permittivity and temperature stability via defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) films have a wide application prospect in wearable devices. In this work, PZT films were fabricated on LaNiO3–based Si substrates and mica substrates, respectively. The effects of Si substrates and mica substrates on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT films were studied. The stability of PZT films on different substrates was discussed by controlling temperature and frequency. The optimal annealing temperature for preparing PZT films on LaNiO3–based Si substrates and mica substrates is 750 °C. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PZT films vary with the substrates. The diffraction peak of PZT films deposited on mica substrates shifted to the left compared with that deposited on Si substrates, due to difference of the expansion coefficients. The as–prepared PZT films exhibit a good ferroelectric property at a frequency in the range of 100 Hz~1000 Hz. Moreover, PZT films deposited on mica substrates have larger remanent polarization values and coercive fields than PZT films deposited on Si substrates. With the elevation in temperature, the dielectric constant of PZT films gradually enhance. And as–prepared PZT films at an annealing temperature of 750 °C have a better dielectric temperature stability. PZT films grown on Si substrates exhibit more excellent dielectric temperature stability than that of PZT films grown on mica substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-shell structured fine grain dielectrics, featured with high dielectric constant and wide temperature stability, are essential for the production of high-end MLCCs. In this work, the core-shell structured 100BaTiO 3 - x BaO-2.4MgO-1.0ZrO 2 -0.03MoO 3 -2.25Y 2 O 3 -0.3MnO 2 -2.0SiO 2 (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0) ceramics were prepared and the effects of BaO additions on the microstructure and dielectric properties were studied. The resulting ceramics exhibited fine grains (average size 280–300 nm) and demonstrated a high dielectric constant (>1780). Notably, the core-shell structure of the ceramics was affected by the BaO content, with the core volume gradually increasing as the BaO addition grew. This adjustment in composition was found to enhance the temperature stability and reliability of the materials. When the BaO addition reaches 4.0 mol%, the values of Δ C 150 / C 25 °C were effectively suppressed from −22 % to −10.3 % to meet the X8R specification, and the insulation resistivity increased by more than an order of magnitude, reaching a maximum of 11.6 × 1012 Ω m. Our findings highlight the potential of BaO as an effective additive for enhancing the dielectric properties of core-shell structured fine grain dielectrics for high-end MLCCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moth eye protuberances, for instance, exhibit highly developed and well-organized nanostructures that allow them to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions and achieve remarkable antireflective performance, which has inspired and been emulated by scientific advancement. Innovative studies have focused on bioinspired and imitating moth-eye patterns to provide a textured surface in multilayer antireflective coatings (ARC) using nanomaterials, polymers, or composites to eliminate undesired reflection in standard optical components and optoelectronic industrial applications. Multilayer AR systems provide a number of advantages over single-layer designs. Still, their limited applicability is due to obstacles such as mismatched properties at interfaces, high costs, poor mechanical durability, and wetting concerns. Using MgF2 and polytetrafluoroethylene, we develop a technique for fabricating high-performance AR nanostructures on borosilicate crown glass and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide substrates via the glancing angle deposition technique. By inducing porosity and changing the deposition angle (α) at 550 nm, the refractive index of MgF2 is reduced from 1.38 to 1.14. In agreement with optical modelling predictions, high-performance ARC has been successfully produced on different substrates. Besides this, introducing a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene on MgF2 ARC via vapor deposition having a refractive index of 1.21 deposited at α ∼80° results in inducing water-repellent properties in ARC. Hence, our fabricated ARC yields stable AR efficiency with outstanding directional uniformity, durability, and negative temperature stability, having hydrophobic characteristics.

Mass concrete is widely used in large-scale projects, including metro upper cover structures, water conservancy dams, and heavy equipment foundations, among others, necessitating the process of health monitoring in mass concrete construction. The development of reliable and simple strength-monitoring methods for mass concrete is challenging because the inner temperature of mass concrete is high and changes a lot. This study proposes a strength-monitoring approach for mass concrete using barium titanate–bismuth ferrite/polyvinylidene fluoride (BT–BFO/PVDF) nanocomposite piezoelectric sensors, wherein the new sensors are embedded as actuators and sensors in mass concrete. The stress wave generated by the BT–BFO/PVDF piezoelectric sensors is used to monitor the specimen's strength for 28 days. The piezoelectric voltage received by the sensors in mass concrete is analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the signal received by the BT–BFO/PVDF sensors is not easily affected by the internal temperature of mass concrete compared with that of the traditional PVDF piezoelectric sensors. The signal parameters sensitive to concrete strength variation and the change trend of concrete strength are closely related to the piezoelectric voltage. Therefore, the proposed approach using BT–BFO/PVDF nanocomposite piezoelectric sensors is efficient (error < 10%) in mass concrete monitoring. Moreover, the monitoring results do not need temperature compensation. The physical meaning of the obtained strength prediction formula is proposed. An experimental system based on PVDF dynamic strain-sensing characteristics is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free dielectric materials with excellent temperature stability are critical to meet ever-increasing demands for practical energy storage applications. Herein, good temperature stability was achieved in AgNbO 3 (AN) antiferroelectric ceramics through texture engineering by using NaNbO 3 (NN) as template. The 3% <001>-oriented NN modified AN (AN-3NN) textured ceramic showed an optimized grain orientation degree of ∼97% by using a templated grain growth technique. Interestingly, the AN-3NN textured ceramic possessed excellent temperature stability for both W rec and energy storage efficiency (η) with respective variations below 0.7% and 0.6% over a temperature range of 20–130 ºC, significantly higher than the non-textured one with respective variations around 7% and 14%. The increased grain orientation and decreased defect concentration for texture engineering contribute to the improved thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrostrain properties of bismuth ferrite–barium titanate (BF–BT)‐based ceramics can be well regulated; however, this often occurs at the cost of piezoelectricity, and their electrostrain‐temperature stability is poor. To address these problems, defect engineering has been utilized to enhance the comprehensive properties via the unequal substitution of Na+. In this study, 0.69BiFeO3–0.3BaTiO3–0.01NaxNbO3 (BF–BT–NxN) (x = 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, and 1.2) ceramics with different defect concentrations were prepared. Enhanced piezoelectricity and electrostrain (d33 = 165 pC/N and S = ∼0.22%, respectively) were obtained for the BF–BT–N0.9N ceramic. In particular, excellent temperature stability with a strain variation of only 12% from room temperature to 180°C was achieved. The introduction of NaxNbO3 reduced the degree of distortion of the oxygen octahedron, and the defects altered the local structure and heightened its disorder, leading to an enhancement in both the electrostrain and piezoelectric properties. In addition, the temperature‐dependent evolution of the oxygen octahedron structure was altered by defect engineering. A mutual compensation mechanism for the contribution of structural evolution and domain wall motion to electrostrain has been proposed to explain the excellent temperature stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Components & Materials is the property of Electronic Components & Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ceramic-based dielectric capacitors are showing great potential in advanced high-power applications. However, simultaneous achievement of high energy density (W rec) and temperature stability is still a main bottleneck. Herein, an extraordinary nanoscale structural heterogeneity is developed to promote temperature-stable energy storage in Er/Mn co-doped Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 based ceramics via domain and defect dipoles engineering. The composition-driven domain reconstruction by Er/Mn co-doping can induce internal random fields with rapid response to the electric field, and thus enhance ΔP and η. Meanwhile, the donor-accpetor Er/Mn doping could manipulate defect dipoles coupling to resist the applied field evolution to elevate BDS and η. Besides, the improved relaxor feature and core-shell structure give rise to the enhanced temperature stability. Ceramics with 2 mol % Er 2 O 3 demonstrate high W rec ∼2.79 J/cm3, large efficiency ∼89.4% and outstanding dielectric stability within 70–500 °C. The proposed nanostructural heterogeneity was verified as a promising pathway to manufact temperature-stable energy storage ceramics. The nanoscale structural heterogeneity via domain and defect dipoles strategies is developed to promote temperature-stable energy storage in NBT-based ceramics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ternary solid solution was designed by incorporating varying concentrations of the B-site composite perovskite Ba(Mg 1/3 Ta 2/3)O 3 (BMT) into 0.91Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -0.09K 0.7 La 0.1 NbO 3 (NBT-KLN-based) ferroelectric ceramics to optimize their energy storage performance. The introduction of BMT disrupted the long-range ordered state of the A/B site in the original perovskite structure, resulting in increased structural disorder and enhanced relaxor characteristics. The viscous polymer processing (VPP) method was employed to attain a significantly denser structure. The 0.10BMT-vpp ceramic has ultimately achieved optimal energy storage performance, along with exceptional temperature and frequency stability. It boasts a high dielectric breakdown strength (BDS) of 440 kV/cm, an ultra-high effective energy storage density (W rec) of 6.7 J/cm3, and an energy storage efficiency (η) of 82%. Moreover, the 0.10BMT-vpp ceramic exhibits robust pulse performance, characterized by an ultra-fast discharge time (t 0.9) of only 77 ns. Furthermore, within the temperature range of −66 °C–354 °C, the temperature coefficient of capacitance (TCC) of the 0.25BMT ceramics undergoes a variation of no more than ±15%, in compliance with X9R specifications (−55 °C–200 °C). The introduction of BMT endows NBT-KLN-based ceramics with remarkable temperature stability and comprehensive energy storage performance, making it a ceramic material with practical potential for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) represent a promising direction for sustainable energy development, yet their efficiency and feasibility often suffer due to suboptimal heat extraction methods and interface instability in U-shaped wells. This study introduces an innovative volume encapsulation technology that aims to address these challenges. The proposed technology employs a combination of hydraulic fracturing and acidification to prepare the rock interface, followed by encapsulation using high-temperature liquid metal. Low-melting-point alloys are utilized as a heat exchange medium between the horizontal sections of the wells. This study meticulously analyzes the impact of formation stress, thermal shock stress, and liquid metal properties on rock interface stability. Advanced simulation tools and experimental setups were used to test the encapsulation process under various conditions. The application of liquid metal encapsulation demonstrated significant improvements in energy conversion efficiency and rock interface stability. In conditions simulating a dry and hot rock reservoir at depths up to 3000 m and temperature gradients reaching 2200 °C/m, the adjusted depth of horizontal sections and increased pumping pressure contributed to maintaining interface stability. The established failure criteria provide a robust theoretical foundation for the encapsulation process. Volume encapsulation technology using liquid metal not only enhances the operational efficiency of EGS but also stabilizes the rock interface, thereby increasing the feasibility of continuous geothermal energy extraction. This study offers valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for future research and applications in geothermal energy technologies, creating new pathways for the efficient exploitation of geothermal resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]This study is aimed to explore the binding ability of different sources of CBM to beech-xylanan, and to fuse exogenous CBM with high binding ability to the C-terminal and N-terminal of Streptomyces L10904 xylanase(XYN), to explore the effects of exogenous CBM on the enzymatic properties of xylanase.[Method]First, through the substrate adsorption method, the concentration of CBM in the solution before and after adsorption was detected by Coomassie Brilliant blue G250 method, and the substrate binding rate of CBM was calculated. CBM1 and CBM4 with better xylan binding ability were screened. In order to explore the effect of the fusion location of CBM with high substrate binding ability on the enzymatic properties of xylanase, CBM1 and CBM4 were fused with the C-terminal and N-terminal of XYN by flexible binding peptide, and four recombinant enzymes were obtained by expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). They were named CBM1-XYN, XYN-CBM1, CBM4-XYN, and XYN-CBM4.[Result]The binding rates of CBM1 and CBM4 to xylan were 89% and 95%, respectively. The specific activities of XYN, CBM1-XYN, XYN-CBM1, CBM4-XYN and XYN-CBM4 were 32 274.81, 49 342.21, 602.48, 230.42 and 2 362.24 U/mg, respectively, measured at 60℃ and pH 7.0. The specific activities of CBM1-XYN were 1.5 times higher than the specific activities of XYN. The analysis of enzymatic properties showed that CBM1 improved the temperature stability and pH stability of XYN, XYN and CBM1-XYN were incubated at 60℃ for 1 h, and the residual enzyme activity of CBM1-XYN and XYN was 81% and 28%, respectively. In the pH range of 3-11, CBM1-XYN maintained more than 90% enzyme activity after incubation at 4℃ for 12 h.[Conclusion]Streptomyces derived xylanase was heterogeneically expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), and CBM1 and CBM4 with high substrate binding rates were screened. CBM was successfully fused to XYN by protein fusion technology, and CBM1-XYN with improved enzymatic properties was obtained, which improved the temperature stability, pH tolerance and specific enzyme activity of xylanase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaBiCe/Sc ions were co‐doped into a pure CaBi4Ti4O15 (CBT) ceramic to investigate the synergistic action of multiple factors that induced a high piezoresponse. In comparison to the undoped CBT ceramic, the NaBiCe/Sc co‐doped CBT solid solution exhibited an enhancement in spontaneous polarization (Ps) attributed to the tilting of the oxygen octahedra, enhanced domain reorientation owing to increased grain size, and improved dielectric breakdown strength as a consequence of reduced porosity. The synergistic action of the aforementioned comprehensive factors resulted in excellent electrical properties of Ca0.6(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.4Bi3.97Ce0.03Ti3.925Sc0.075O15 ceramic: piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 25.0 pC/N, remnant polarization Pr = 9.28 μC/cm2, and coercive field Ec = 76.14 kV/cm. Moreover, a significant high direct current resistivity (ρdc = 1.22 × 107 Ω·cm at 500°C) was achieved, and the corresponding conductance mechanism was analyzed through a synergistic approach that combines ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra and density functional theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgTiO 3 –Mg 2 TiO 4 –Na 0.5 La 0 · 5 TiO 3 (MMNL) microwave ceramics were prepared using a conventional solid-state method. The stability of dielectric properties was investigated over a wide range of temperatures. The effects of the composition of the three phases on the microwave dielectric properties of the MMNL ceramics were investigated. The results showed that a high sintering temperature reduces the structural stability and compactness of the ceramics, leading to a deterioration in their dielectric properties. The addition of MgTiO 3 effectively increased the vibration peak intensity of the [TiO 6 ] oxygen octahedra but reduced the relative density, leading to a decrease in the Q × f value. The τ f value approached zero in a wide temperature range (−40–120 °C) by regulating the phase compositions of the MMNL ceramics. In particular, the 0.21MgTiO 3 -0.653Mg 2 TiO 4 -0.137Na 0 · 5 La 0 · 5 TiO 3 ceramic sintered at 1440 °C for 6 h exhibited superior microwave dielectric properties: ε r = 17.5 (8.83 GHz), Q × f = 62,800 GHz, and τ f = −0.35 ppm/°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Bi 2 O 3 doped BaTiO 3 -0.01MgO-0.01Nb 2 O 5 ceramics are designed to increase dielectric constant, reduce dielectric loss and improve temperature dielectric stability through inducing defects, and are prepared by flash sintering method to inhibit the volatilization of Bi element and ensure the element ratio. The microstructure, polarization mechanisms, dielectric properties and conduction mechanism of the ceramics are studied. The doping of Bi 2 O 3 can enhance the relaxation behavior and dielectric properties. The defects evolution in BaTiO 3 -0.01MgO-0.01Nb 2 O-0.01Bi 2 O 3 ceramics are studied. The results show that the BaTiO 3 ceramics doped with different amounts of Bi 2 O 3 can form defect dipoles { [ Bi Ba ∙ ‐ Mg Ti ″ ‐ Bi Ba ∙ ] ×, [ Nb Ti ∙ ‐ V Ba ″ ‐ Nb Ti ∙ ] ×, [ Mg Ti ″ ‐ V O ∙ ∙ ] ×} and oxygen vacancy, which enhance the short-range transition within the grain and inhibit the movement of free electrons at the grain boundary. The ceramics have excellent room temperature properties, high dielectric constant (ε r = 2894) and low dielectric loss (tan δ < 0.03). The ceramics have superior temperature stability and satisfying the EIA X8R (Δ ε r / ε 25 ≤ ±15 %, over the temperature range from −55 °C to 150 °C). It is found that flash sintering can effectively guarantee the stoichiometric concentration of bismuth element and obtain good properties of ceramics. This study demonstrates the potential of Bi 2 O 3 doped BaTiO 3 -based ceramics synthetized by flash sintering as high-performance electronic device materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past two decades, (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN)-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics have made significant progress. However, attaining a high electrostrain with remarkable temperature stability and minimal hysteresis under low electric fields has remained a significant challenge. To address this long-standing issue, we have employed a collaborative approach that combines defect engineering, phase engineering, and relaxation engineering. The LKNNS-6BZH ceramic, when sintered at Tsint = 1170 ℃, demonstrates an impressive electrostrain with a d33∗ value of 0.276% and 1379 pm·V–1 under 20 kV·cm–1, which is comparable to or even surpasses that of other lead-free and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics. Importantly, the electrostrain performance of this ceramic remains stable up to a temperature of 125 ℃, with the lowest hysteresis observed at 9.73% under 40 kV·cm–1. These excellent overall performances are attributed to the presence of defect dipoles involving VA′–VO∙∙ and BNb′–VO∙∙, the coexistence of R–O–T multiphase, and the tuning of the trade-off between long-range ordering and local heterogeneity. This work provides a lead-free alternative for piezoelectric actuators and a paradigm for designing piezoelectric materials with outstanding comprehensive performance under low electric fields.

Temperature stability of electrocaloric effect (ECE) is a thorny problem in ferroelectrics (FE). A general method is to design ferroelectric-to-relaxor phase transition at a sacrifice of electrocaloric (EC) strength. The Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3 antiferroelectrics (AFE) + Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 relaxors strategy designed in this work is effective to tackle this dilemma [(1 -- x)PYN--xPMN, x = 0.08-0.36]. PMN addition induces a successive phase transition and dual phase boundaries of ferrielectric (FIE)-nonergodic relaxor (NER) and NER-ergodic relaxor (ER), where ferroelectric polarization/strain and ECE reach a localmaximum. Thermally stable ΔT is unexpectedly achieved in FIE (x = 0.14) and NER (x = 0.24), except for a generality for ER state (x = 0.30). A dome-like variation trend is observed in x = 0.14 and 0.24 with a wide temperature span of ~60 and ~55 K (±15%ΔTmax). Notably, x = 0.24 NER possesses a large directlymeasured ΔTmax ~0.64 K simultaneously. Dielectric/ferroelectric properties clarify that two-stage transition of AFE rigid-order de-texture and dissociation of de-textured AFE domains into polar nano-entities accounts for thermal stability of ΔT as the alternation of ordered antipolar domains to disorder relaxors serves as a buffer to compensate for the thermal-shock enhanced random field. This work not only accounts for the underlying mechanism for thermal stability of ΔT at FIE and NER side for the first time in physics but also provides an exotic approach to seek for high-performance EC materials in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the spinodal decomposition structure in Alnico magnets is a very effective way to improve the performance. Some elemental additives are extremely sensitive to the spinodal decomposition process. In this manuscript, the evolution of spinodal decomposition structure in isotropic Alnico 8 ribbons with various Ti contents and its effects on magnetic properties and service performance are investigated. Alnico 8 ribbons with nominal composition of different Ti content (3.5 wt%-7.5 wt%) were prepared by melt-spinning and simplified heat treatment. The optimum magnetic properties of the ribbons such as intrinsic coercivity, Hcj=860 Oe, remanence magnetization, Br =5.89 kGs, and maximum magnetic energy product, (BH)max=1.2 MGOe are obtained for 5.5 wt% Ti. The ribbons show excellent temperature stability, their magnetic properties are 100% reversible up to 800 K and can be maintained above 85% at 800 K. The increase of Ti decreases the Curie temperature of the ribbons slightly. The evolution of spinodal decomposition phases and its influence mechanisms on magnetic properties are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high performance and pollution-free energy storage devices is crucial for the development of the energy industry. The Sm(Mg 0.5 Ti 0.5)O 3 -modified (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 ((1- x)BNST– x SMT, x = 0.00–0.15)) relaxor ceramics were synthesized by using a traditional solid-state sintering method. The phase structure, microstructure, dielectric spectrum, and energy storage properties were studied. The x = 0.10 sample obtained an energy storage density of 4.33 J/cm3 under an electric field of 290 kV/cm, while the energy storage efficiency reached 80 %. In addition, the variation of energy storage density remains within ±4 % and the energy storage efficiency is above 80 % at a frequency of 1–100 Hz and a temperature of 25–120 °C, respectively, indicating that the x = 0.10 sample has good stability in both temperature and frequency. The energy storage decreases slightly with increasing temperature and frequency, which originates from the migration of intrinsic charge carriers and the weakening of the interaction force between cations and anions. In addition, the x = 0.10 sample exhibits good fatigue resistance, with little change in the ferroelectric loop after 105 cycles. This performance advantage indicates that the (1- x)BNST- x SMT ceramic systems have great potential in the field of high energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Mn on ZnO–Bi 2 O 3 (ZnBiO) based varistor ceramics sintered below 900 °C has not been fully understood due to the conventional ZnBiO-based varistor ceramics usually being sintered at temperatures higher than 900 °C. Therefore, (99.5-x) ZnO+0.5Bi 2 O 3 + x MnCO 3 (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3; all in mole ratio) ceramics were prepared by solid-state sintering at 875 °C for 3 h to study the effect of Mn on the microstructure, electrical nonlinear properties and their stability within the range of 25–100 °C. The results show that doping MnCO 3 results in the formation of Mn 3 O 4 and Bi 12 MnO 20 secondary phases within the sintered samples. Mn 3 O 4 mainly exists at grain boundary as particle phase, restricting the growth of ZnO grains during sintering. The presence of Bi 12 MnO 20 indicates MnCO 3 may enhance the sintering of ZnBiMnO ceramics by increasing the amount of Bi-rich liquid phase. MnCO 3 effectively improves the electrical nonlinear properties of ZnBiMnO varistor ceramic and their stability against the variations in ambient temperature. The 2 mol% MnCO 3 doped ZnBiMnO varistor ceramic shows the best electrical nonlinearity, with a nonlinear coefficient, a breakdown voltage and a leakage current density of 53.61, 503.11 V/mm, and 2.85 μA/cm2 respectively. This study may improve our understanding of the effect of Mn on the low-temperature sintered ZnBiO based varistor ceramics, and provide a promising candidate material for manufacturing low-cost ZnO based varistor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-based piezoelectric ceramics are the preferred material for commercial piezoelectric ceramic actuators due to their high performance and irreplaceability. However, the operating temperature (<100 °C) and strain (0.1 %∼0.2 %) of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics are still limited. Achieving large strain in a wide temperature range remains challenging. In this paper, a new strategy is proposed to effectively increase the strain value of lead-based piezoelectric ceramics through domain engineering. The new x PbTiO 3 -(0.97- x)PbZrO 3 -0.03(La 0.1 Sr 0.80.1)TiO 2.95 (x PT-PZ-LST) ternary piezoelectric ceramic system reaches a strain value as high as 0.5 % and exhibits extremely high temperature stability (13 %) in the range of 25–230 °C. By fine-tuning the content of PT components, the average length and width of a typical tetragonal domain are transformed from 800 nm to 80 nm (long and thin) to 300 nm and 200 nm (short and wide), relatively. From the experimental results of PFM and Rayleigh analysis, the high strain can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the reduced coercive field (E c), enhanced micro-region response, and regulated domain morphology, which ensures that high intrinsic and extrinsic contribution can be achieved at the same time. In this paper, a new strain regulation method is provided for lead-based piezoelectric ceramics, and a valuable large strain material is obtained via domain engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free capacitors operating at low electric fields with high-energy density and high efficiency are critical for advanced electronic systems and innovative pulsed power applications. In this work, single tetragonal phase dielectric ceramics with high-energy storage density and high efficiency are prepared using the solid-state method. The co-substitution of Ba2+, Sm3+, and Mn4+ on the Sr 2 NaNb 5 O 15 substrate enhances low-temperature relaxation behavior and polarization modulation due to order/disorder distribution and polar nanoregions (PNRs) in the structural distortion system. Ferroelectric tests revealed that the optimized Sr 1.83 Ba 0.16 Sm 0.01 NaMn 0.01 Nb 4.99 O 15 tungsten bronze system has large energy storage density (W rec = 4.432 J cm−3) and high efficiency (η = 84.3 %) at a low electric field (250 kV cm−1). In addition, the temperature-dependent permittivity results for the Sr 1.82 Ba 0.165 Sm 0.015 NaMn 0.015 Nb 4.985 O 15 and Sr 1.81 Ba 0.17 Sm 0.02 NaMn 0.02 Nb 4.98 O 15 ceramic samples demonstrated that they are X9R capacitor-compatible. Finally, Sr 1.83 Ba 0.16 Sm 0.01 NaMn 0.01 Nb 4.99 O 15 has a current density (C D) of ∼797.77 A cm−2 and power density (P D) of ∼87.75 MW cm−3 with a very fast discharge time (t 0.9 < 60 ns). It is worthy to note that all the components display excellent temperature stability (ΔW dis < 10 %) in the over-damping test. Thus, this work provides an avenue to obtain dielectric ceramic materials with potential application value in innovative pulse power components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the Pb(Yb 1/2 Nb 1/2)O 3 (PYN) relaxor with high Curie temperature (T C ∼300 °C) was incorporated into PbZrO 3 -PbTiO 3 (PZ-PT) ceramics to form 0.1PYN-(1- x)PZ- x PT ternary ceramics, and their phase compositions were systematically investigated, providing the more detailed phase diagrams, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties. Excellent piezoelectric performance (d 33 ∼ 450 pC/N, d 33 * ∼714 pm/V), with high coercive field (E C ∼17.5 kV/cm) and T C (∼398 °C) were simultaneously achieved in the 0.1PYN-0.41PZ-0.49PT composition near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The value of d 33 × E C , which exhibits higher than commercial PZT ceramics, indicates its suitability for high-field excitation devices. Additionally, the temperature stability of the resonant frequency (f r) is qualitatively studied by analyzing the main factors influencing f r from a theoretical perspective. Superior stability is achieved in the 0.1PYN-0.38PZ-0.52PT composition (T C ∼ 405 °C) with tetragonal phase, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (Δ f r / f r 25 °C) remains within 0.5% up to 300 °C, far outperformance than previous reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (1-x)CaZrO 3 -xSrTiO 3 solid-solution thin films were prepared with different compositions from x = 0.05 to x = 0.45. The as-prepared thin films experienced such a crystal structure transition process from orthorhombic to pseudo cubic and then to cubic as the x increases. Among the as-prepared films, the smallest expansion ratio of lattice volume with temperatures, and the highest temperature stability of dielectric response and leakage current density at high voltage were found in the x = 0.3 thin films. The relationship between the tolerance factor and the temperature stability was analyzed from the crystal structure dependence of the absorbed thermal energy distribution. Finally, the x = 0.3 thin films were developed into thin-film capacitors, which showed high DC resistance and uniform capacitance properties. The result also shows that high temperature stability of the perovskite-type paraelectric thin films could be realized through the phase boundary design, and further improved by optimizing the temperature stability of the lattice structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Piezoelectrics & Acoustooptics is the property of Piezoelectric & Acoustooptic and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Si3N4 ceramic materials have great potential in the field of insulation in SF6 gas ultra-high-voltage transmission and transformation equipment due to their excellent insulation performance and thermal stability. In this paper, Y2O3-Al2O3 was used as a sintering aid to prepare high-density (>99%) Si3N4 ceramics through two-step pressureless liquid-phase sintering, and the mechanism of the influence of Y2O3-Al2O3 addition on the microstructure and electrical properties of Si3N4 ceramics was studied. The results showed that increasing the sintering aid content could increase the grain size of Si3N4 ceramics, while increasing the Y2O3 ratio could refine the grain size. When Y2O3-Al2O3 addition was 8% and the ratio was 5:3, the room temperature volume resistivity of Si3N4 ceramics was the highest, 7.33 × 1014 Ω·m, and the volume resistivity was the most stable when the sintering aid content was 12%. The internal carrier migration type of Si3N4 ceramics was mainly ion conduction, mainly along the grain boundaries. The temperature stability of the resistivity of Si3N4 ceramics could be improved by doping with Y3+ functional ions to reduce the potential barrier conductivity level and refine the grain size to improve the conduction path. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of Si3N4 ceramics were mainly affected by interface polarization. They gradually increased with the increase in sintering aid addition. Temperature had little effect on dielectric constant and dielectric loss in the range of 20–80 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quantum Dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is an emerging quantum electronics technology in which quantum cells are the fundamental building blocks. In this work, a Binary to Gray (BTG) code converter design is proposed and implemented using the QCA Designer Tool. This code converter design requires fewer cells than earlier designs and also increases the converter’s implementation bit size to five. The primary objective of this proposal is to introduce a BTG code converter design that excels in temperature stability and energy efficiency. The cell count in the proposed converter design for two-bit, three-bit, and four-bit is decreased by 68.55 %, 66.52 %, and 67.77 %, respectively and the overall area improved by 46.15 %, 52.17 %, and 57.58 % for 2- bit,3-bit and 4-bit, respectively by considering a latency of 0.75. The five-bit BTG has an area of 0.20 µm2 with a cell count of 141 and a latency of 0.75. To validate the functionality of the proposed design, extensive simulations were carried out using the QCA Designer tool, QCA DesignerE tool, and QCA Pro tool respectively.

Uninterrupted breakthroughs in the room temperature piezoelectric properties of KNN-based piezoceramics have been witnessed over the past two decades; however, poor temperature stability presents a major challenge for KNN-based piezoelectric ceramics in their effort to replace their lead-based counterparts. Herein, to enhance temperature stability in KNN-based ceramics while preserving the high piezoelectric response, multilayer composite ceramics were fabricated using textured thick films with distinct polymorphic phase transition temperatures. The results demonstrated that the composite ceramics exhibited both outstanding piezoelectric performance (d33~467 ± 16 pC/N; S~0.17% at 40 kV/cm) and excellent temperature stability with d33 and strain variations of 9.1% and 2.9%, respectively, over a broad temperature range of 25–180 °C. This superior piezoelectric temperature stability is attributed to the inter-inhibitive piezoelectric fluctuations between the component layers, the diffused phase transition, and the stable phase structure with a rising temperature, as well as the permanent contribution of crystal orientation to piezoelectric performance over the studied temperature range. This novel strategy, which addresses the piezoelectric and strain temperature sensitivity while maintaining high performance, is well-positioned to advance the commercial application of KNN-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.

This study aims to develop purple-coloured polymeric coatings using natural anthocyanin and desoxyanthocianidins (3-DXA) colourants for application to chocolate almonds. The objective is to achieve a stable and uniform colour formulation throughout processing and storage, enhancing the appearance and durability of the almonds to appeal to health-conscious consumers and align with market demands. Plant materials like sweet potato pulp, sweet potato peel, radish peel, black carrot, and sorghum were employed to obtain the desired purple hue. Anthocyanidins and 3-DXA were extracted from the matrices using solvent extraction and ultrasound-assisted methods at different pH values. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) were used to identify the compounds in the extracts. The highest antioxidant capacities, as measured by the DPPH• and FRAP methods, were observed in purple sweet potato and dye factory extracts, respectively; meanwhile, sorghum extract inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating its potential for managing postprandial hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The degradation kinetics of coloured coatings in sugar syrup formulations with anthocyanins and 3-DXA revealed that locust bean gum offered the best colour stabilization for plant extracts, with sorghum extracts showing the highest and black carrot extracts the lowest colour variation when coated with Arabic gum. Sweet potato pulp extracts exhibited less colour variation in sugar pastes, both with and without blue spirulina dye, compared to factory dye, highlighting their potential as a more stable and suitable alternative for colouring purple almonds, particularly over a five-month storage period. This study supports sustainable practices in the confectionery industry while aligning with consumer preferences for healthier and environmentally friendly products.

Design of a projecting‐receiving dual‐purpose transducer is challenging due to the difficulty of synthesizing piezoelectric materials with combinatory "soft" properties (high piezoelectric coefficient d) and "hard" properties (low dielectric loss and high mechanical quality factor Qm). In this study, we provide a different perspective to address this challenge via exploiting single‐crystal‐like electrostriction coefficient Q33 through the fabrication of grain oriented or textured "hard" piezoelectric ceramics. Mn‐doped 0.27Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–0.41Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.32PbTiO3 (Mn:PIN–PMN–PT) piezoelectric ceramics with a high [0 0 1]c texture fraction of 99% were synthesized, which exhibit three times greater piezoelectric properties (d33 ∼ 828 pC/N) than random counterparts (d33 ∼ 251 pC/N), while maintaining low loss (tan δ ∼ 0.5%, Qm = 443). According to the formula d33=2Q33Prε33${d}_{{\mathrm{33}}}{\mathrm{\ = \ 2}}{Q}_{{\mathrm{33}}}\ {P}_{\mathrm{r}}\ {\varepsilon }_{{\mathrm{33}}}$, the large improvement of d33 in textured ceramics is mainly due to a doubling increase in dielectric constant ε33 and Q33 (∼0.057 m4/C2). Notably, the Q33 exhibits remarkable similarity to that of PMN–PT single crystals, further contributing to the enhanced piezoelectric performance of textured ceramics. Phase field model of ferroelectrics was performed to understand the texturing on Q33 and elucidate the underlying mechanism at the domain level. The textured ceramics exhibit excellent combinatory "soft" and "hard" properties, which are the promising materials for developing projecting‐receiving dual‐purpose transducers with high efficiency and high sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tn order to improve the temperature stability and corrosion resistance of hot-deformed NdFeB magnets, a sandwich structure magnet with T)yFs additives was designed. By adding different contents of T)yFs powders to the upper and lower near-ends of the magnet, the phase composition, structure and composition of the grain boundary phase in the upper and lower near-ends of the magnet were regulated, and the corrosion resistance of the magnet was improved. On the other hand, T)y element partially diffused into the main phase, forming (Nd T)y)9FenB phase to improve the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field of the magnet and optimize the temperature stability. The magnetic properties of the sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet were measured by PFM, and the coercivity up to 2.1 6T was obtained. The polarization curve of the sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet was measured by an electrochemical workstation. The corrosion current rate was one order magnitude smaller than that of the substrate. For the sandwich structure magnet, the near-ends with 5wt% T)yFs addition showed a much smaller weight loss per unit surface area (0.061 mg/cm2) compared with the matrix surface (1.1 72 mg/cmJ) after a 1 68-hour PCT test. The microstructure analysis showed that NdFs and I)y2 ()3 compounds were formed by Nd-rich phase and F, () and Dy elements, respectively. XRT) analysis showed that the texture of sandwich structure hot-deformed magnet was deteriorated after T)yFs addition. This study provides a new way to improve the temperature stability and corrosion resistance of hot-deformed NdFeB magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]