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The technological advancement heralded the arrival of precision radiotherapy (RT), thereby increasing the therapeutic ratio and decreasing the side effects from treatment. Contour of target volumes (TV) and organs at risk (OARs) in RT is a complicated process. In recent years, automatic contouring of TV and OARs has rapidly developed due to the advances in deep learning (DL). This technology has the potential to save time and to reduce intra- or inter-observer variability. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of RT, introduce the concept of DL, summarize the data characteristics of the included literature, summarize the possible challenges for DL in the future, and discuss the possible research directions.

In the last decades, microbiology laboratories have undergone unprecedented technological changes which have revolutionized the diagnosis of infectious diseases. They have last generation technology which allows precise, rapid and effective diagnosis of a wide range of infectious diseases, while also providing valuable information on the antibiotic sensitivity/resistance of the causal microorganism, thereby notably reducing the morbidity and mortality of the patients and at the same time improving in-hospital patient management. Several studies have shown that with the increase in the use of rapid diagnostic techniques this technological advancement has a greater impact when accessibility to the microbiology laboratory is possible beyond the usual 7 h workday. This document discusses the need for clinical microbiology services to work 24 h a day, 7 days a week (24/7).

Particle reinforcement has been considered as the new technological advancement in terms of fabricating metal matrix composites (MMCs). There are different kinds of techniques that have been historically used to produce MMCs and casting has been the most used technique. However, recent developments have identified friction stir processing (FSP) as the most preferred technique over casting due to its outstanding benefits. This paper reports on the status of utilizing the FSP technique to produce automotive-based aluminium metal matrix composites (AAMMCs) for the past ten years. The influence of the reinforcements on the mechanical properties of different AAMMCs has also been highlighted. The identification of gaps to give future direction has also been discussed in this paper.

Background: With recent technological advancement, new and improved endoscopic instruments and laser devices have catapulted flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) to the forefront, hence making retrograde i...

Visions are a major driver of the scientific and technological advance, as may be seen in the fields of spaceflight, nanotechnology, or synthetic biology. They often play a major role in the early stages of innovation. However, the spreading of scientific visions and their role in innovation processes is not well understood yet. Techno-visionary futures are created and obviously have authors whose work initiates a process of spreading by communication and dissemination. While the spreading of these visions into scientific and societal debates and their impacts upon them can considerably influence the course of research and innovation, little is known about the processes and mechanisms of spreading of techno-visionary futures. We only can diagnose desiderates for future research and propose some ideas how this gap could be closed.

Memory has an essential function in human life as it helps individuals remember and recognize their surroundings. It is also the major form of cognition that controls behavior. As memory is a function that is highly characteristic of humans, how it was established is of particular interest. Recent progress in the field of neurosciences, together with the technological advancement of genome‐wide approaches, has led to the accumulation of evidence regarding the presence and similar/distinct mechanisms of memory among species. However, the understanding of the evolution of memory obtained utilizing these genome‐wide approaches remains unclear. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the literature on the evolution of the memory system among species and the genes involved in this process. This review also discusses possible approaches to study the evolution of memory systems to guide future research., Here, Bajaffer et al. reviewed the evolution of a memory system and its related genes. As memory is a function that is highly characteristic of humans, how it was established is of great interest. Mechanisms and genes among species were overviewed. This review also discussed possible approaches to study the evolution of memory systems in the future.

A great technological advance has been achieved in the use of recycled aggregate to produce new concretes. Therefore, researches have been carried out with the objective of giving a more sustainable destination to construction waste, mitigating the problem of using this material for the production of structural concrete, non-structural and constructive materials. Studies report that the mortar adhered (AD) to the recycled aggregate is the weak link in the microstructure of this material. The objective of the research is to report the technological advances made with recycled aggregate for concrete and its influencing factors, such as particle size, shape, texture, density and bonded mortar (AD), in addition to demonstrating that these factors can be controlled. Among the mechanisms used to improve the physical and mechanical properties of recycled aggregate are thermal, chemical and mechanical treatments. These researches demonstrate that recycled aggregate can be used in structural concrete, focusing on the production of this very promising material with a low cost and high environmental gain

Digital, El avance esporádico de la tecnología en las aulas de clase en pleno siglo 21, se ha convertido en una manera sencilla y didáctica de llegar a los estudiantes, sean jóvenes o adultos, buscando facilitar el aprendizaje de un tema en concreto. El objetivo de este trabajo de grado es diseñar una herramienta didáctica de enseñanza virtual sobre arreglos de mesas en cirugía general como estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje para estudiantes del programa de Instrumentación Quirúrgica de la Universidad de Santander. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, la muestra correspondió a estudiantes de 5 y 6 semestre a quienes se les aplicó la encuesta que fue elaborada desde el aplicativo google forms y fue validada mediante prueba piloto. Las variables fueron categóricas y se realizó análisis univariado. Resultados. El 100% de los estudiantes encuestados consideraron que una herramienta virtual facilitaría el aprendizaje de los arreglos de mesas de cirugía general, es así como se realizó un blog como herramienta virtual, buscando facilitar el aprendizaje de arreglos de mesa básicos de forma didáctica, en la especialidad al que se puede acceder de forma gratuita. Conclusión Después de la validación de la herramienta se considera que es de gran utilidad para complementar los conocimientos sobre los arreglos de mesa de la especialidad de cirugía general., The sporadic advance of technology in the classroom in the middle of the 21st century has become a simple and didactic way to reach students, whether young or old, seeking to facilitate the learning of a specific topic. The objective of this degree work is to design a didactic tool for virtual teaching on table arrangements in general surgery as a teaching-learning strategy for students of the Surgical Instrumentation program at the University of Santander. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, the sample corresponded to 5th and 6th semester students to whom the survey was applied, which was prepared from the google forms application and was validated through a pilot test. Variables were categorical and univariate analysis was performed. Results: 100% of the students surveyed considered that a virtual tool would facilitate the learning of general surgery table arrangements, this is how a blog was created as a virtual tool, seeking to facilitate the learning of basic table arrangements in a didactic way, in which specialty that can be accessed for free. Conclusion: After the validation of the tool, it is considered to be very useful to complement the knowledge about table arrangements in the specialty of general surgery., Pregrado, Instrumentador Quirúrgico, pág. Introducción ................................................................................................................. 21 1. Planteamiento del Problema ........................................................................... 22 1.1 Descripción del Problema ............................................................................... 22 1.2 Pregunta de Investigación............................................................................... 25 2. Justificación .................................................................................................... 26 3. Objetivos......................................................................................................... 29 3.1 Objetivo General............................................................................................ 29 3.2 Objetivos Específicos...................................................................................... 29 4. Marco Referencial........................................................................................... 30 4.1 Marco Histórico............................................................................................... 30 4.2 Estado del Arte ............................................................................................... 32 4.3 Marco Legal .................................................................................................... 37 4.3.1 Artículo 67 de la Constitución Política de Colombia.. ...................................... 37 4.3.2 Ley 30 de 1992 “Servicio Público de la Educación Superior”. ........................ 37 4.3.3 Ley 115 de 1994 “Ley General de la Educación”. .......................................... 37 4.3.4 Ley 23 de 1982 “Sobre Derechos de Autor”. ................................................... 37 4.3.5 Ley 1341 del 2009 “Ley Tic”. ......................................................................... 38 4.3.6 Decreto 662 de 2020. ..................................................................................... 38 4.4 Marco Teórico................................................................................................. 38 4.5 Marco Contextual............................................................................................ 41 5. Metodología .................................................................................................... 42 5.1 Tipo de Estudio............................................................................................... 42 5.2 Población y Muestra ....................................................................................... 42 5.2.1 Población........................................................................................................ 42 5.2.2 Muestra........................................................................................................... 42 5.3 Criterios de Inclusión ...................................................................................... 42 5.4 Muestreo......................................................................................................... 42 5.5 Unidad de Análisis y Observación................................................................... 43 5.6 Procedimientos ............................................................................................... 44 5.7 Análisis Estadístico ......................................................................................... 44 5.7.1 Creación del Blog............................................................................................ 44 5.7.2 Interfaz de la Plataforma Weebly Para Creación y Edición del Blog................ 45 5.7.3 Análisis Estadísticos de la Validación del Blog................................................ 46 5.8 Consideraciones Éticas................................................................................... 46 5.9 Clasificación del Riesgo.................................................................................. 46 6. Resultados...................................................................................................... 47 6.1 Resultados Objetivo Específico N°1................................................................ 47 6.2 Resultados Objetivo Específico N°2................................................................ 53 6.3 Resultados Objetivo Específico N°3................................................................ 55 6.3.1 Elaboración del Blog. ...................................................................................... 55 6.3.2 Resultados de Validación del Blog.................................................................. 56 7. Discusión ........................................................................................................ 59 8. Conclusiones .................................................................................................. 62 9. Recomendaciones .......................................................................................... 63 Referencias Bibliográficas............................................................................................ 64 Anexos......................................................................................................................... 71

In recent years, with rapid technological advancement in both computing hardware and algorithm, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant advantage over human being in a wide range of fields, such as image recognition, education, autonomous vehicles, finance, and medical diagnosis. However, AI-based systems are generally vulnerable to various security threats throughout the whole process, ranging from the initial data collection and preparation to the training, inference, and final deployment. In an AI-based system, the data collection and pre-processing phase are vulnerable to sensor spoofing attacks and scaling attacks, respectively, while the training and inference phases of the model are subject to poisoning attacks and adversarial attacks, respectively. To address these severe security threats against the AI-based systems, in this article, we review the challenges and recent research advances for security issues in AI, so as to depict an overall blueprint for AI security. More specifically, we first take the lifecycle of an AI-based system as a guide to introduce the security threats that emerge at each stage, which is followed by a detailed summary for corresponding countermeasures. Finally, some of the future challenges and opportunities for the security issues in AI will also be discussed.

The key obstacles to attaining the prevailing goal of viable development are environmental degradation and climate change. Copious efforts have been made in this field, but still, the policy embraced and the empirical connection among the factors of carbon dioxide emissions are not evident. The connection between the variables of the analysis is subject to a theoretical and statistical inconsistency in the research. Through this research work, the association between carbon dioxide emissions and its determinants such as economic growth, energy use, financial development and technical progress is examined in Malaysia for the period from 1985 to 2019. The auto-regressive distributed lag method is employed to estimate long-run parameters. The results indicate that during the research period TI has an inverse but negligible impact on pollution in Malaysia. The analysis further shows that higher growth of economy increases long-term environmental efficiency and is consistent with the Kuznets environmental hypothesis. Also, the findings show that financial sector development would minimize emissions of carbon dioxide, thereby enhancing environmental quality in Malaysia. The short-term findings do not validate the EKC hypothesis. The Granger causality results reveal a two-way causality ranging from the growth of the economy to carbon dioxide emissions and TI to carbon dioxide emissions.Keywords: CO2 emissions, Technological Growth, GDP, MalaysiaJEL Classifications: O3, Q3DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11888

The paper presents statistical research results regarding the occurrence of which dangerous aviation events in 1919-2018. The source of the information about the events was the AviationSafetyNetwork website. With the use of Excel 2016 and Statistica v. 12 computer programs, five-time intervals were identified in which hazardous aviation incidents took place.Characterizing the distribution of these events in all periods, due to the technological advancement and capabilities of airplanes, the distribution of dangerous events in the last three periods was compared. The following tests were used to verify the statistical hypotheses: , Shapiro-Wilk, Brown-Forsythe, Kruskal-Wallis. When choosing the appropriate test, the following factors were taken into account: the type of measurement scale, the dependence/independence of samples, and their number. The standard significance level was assumed to be α = 0.05. The consequences and repeatability of aviation events in the identified time intervals were analyzed. The research questions that were posed were the following: in which seasons of the year, months, days of the month, and days of the week did the most dangerous events deaths occur? How often did dangerous events take place? Was the distribution of events similar in the identified periods? The results of the conducted research allowed to identify five periods in which hazardous events took place and demonstrate that in particular periods the distribution of hazardous air events in subsequent seasons, months, and days of the week was not the same.

Heutagogy a term which describes self-determined learning with principles deeply engrained in andragogy has recently gained popularity as a learning technique due to limited attention for a period of time. The core principle of heutagogical teaching and learning technique is to encourage learners to be self-determined and is grounded upon the development of learner’s individual capability with the primary goal of grooming learners to gracefully survive the complexities of the rapidly globalizing economies. The renewed attention towards heutagogy is partly due to the advancement of technology. With the learner-centric design, technological advancement greatly supports the heutagogical approach by sustaining the expansion of learner generated subject. Therefore, this article collates crucial commentaries and opinions from various scholars in the field. This article is built grounded on various relevant literatures and thoroughly defines the intriguing concept of heutagogy and andragogy to a certain extent. This article offers a foundation for further discussions and impactful research into heutagogy as an emerging learning technique and a theory which would revolutionize the education system while nurturing life-long and mature learners who are academically and professionally prepared for the rapidly globalizing economy.

In an environment of changing customer needs, technological advancement and digitization, the importance of business model innovation in supporting companies to accrue benefits from increased digit...

The objective of this article is to address the challenges of physical sample retrieval from all locations along patients' gastrointestinal (GI) tracts for studying of interactions between GI microbial communities (microbiomes) and host immune systems. We propose a novel tetherless, blindly controlled, magnetically actuated capsule for noninvasive sampling of GI microbiomes and liquid digesta. The mesoscale capsule, a soft mobile robot platform, is made from two permanent magnets encapsulated in a soft elastomer and actuated remotely by an external magnet. The capsule is controlled blindly using an external magnet to orient and activate the capsule. Following oral administration, capsules transit the GI tract and are activated at specified locations. The capsule is recovered via routine stool passage and collected samples are processed for downstream analyses (e.g., 16S rRNA surveys, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and/or metabolomics). The localization of the capsule is estimated using the traveling time and the location of collected microbiomes will be confirmed by downstream analyses. A mathematical model of capsule activation is used to predict capsule activation and guide design optimization. We demonstrate the ability of the capsule to collect samples, as well as maintain sample integrity in vitro, ex vivo , and with twelve capsules in in vivo swine models. Eleven capsules successfully collected digesta (in the range of 18 to 61 mg). This sampling apparatus offers a technological advance for the robust sampling of GI tract contents.

Rapid technological advancement has prompted growing debate about the promise and challenges of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) for societies. Some believe it will improve efficiency, produc...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the place of the printed book in the era of technological advancement with the assumption that the print media is facing imminent death in the face of readily available and convenient online information. Also the paper aims to assess how the development of new technologies have affected the production, circulation and readership of the printed book, especially among the young generation. Design/methodology/approach Explanatory study was used with closed-ended approach to collect data from 50 students of the Technical University of Kenya and 5 key informant interviews with selected book publishers in Nairobi. The uses and gratification theory was used to explore the knowledge-seeking behavior among the respondents. Findings Findings showed that more than 80% of the respondents preferred the internet to the printed book, which, according to them, has no future in the face of technological advancement. Book publishers, on the other hand, felt that the printed book has a bright future among specific audiences who are committed to it, and especially those in the rural areas who have no access to the internet. While they agreed that the internet has posed a major challenge to the sales and readership of the printed book significantly, it is helping in marketing the printed book as opposed to killing it. New bookshops in Nairobi and modern libraries in high schools, tertiary institutions and universities demonstrate that the printed book is not dying soon. Research limitations/implications The researcher experienced challenges in data collection as the respondents were busy preparing for final examinations and hence many of them were not willing to spare time to fill the questionnaire. To solve this, the researcher had to spend more time to collect data as opposed to if the students were free and ready to participate in the study without any pressure. Practical implications The findings can be used as a basis for further research to widen the scope that can help bring a wider perspective to the topic. The results can also inform policy guidelines on the topic and also contribute to the body of knowledge. Social implications The topic touches on social phenomena that are affecting a number of young people and their information-seeking habits in the era of digital revolution. The way the young generation seek and use information should be of interest not only to academic staff but also to policymakers. Originality/value The paper is original based on primary data that was collected by the researcher from the respondents. It is backed by secondary data to bridge the gap between theory and practice.

Education has undergone unregulated changes in terms of learning and teaching in this Industrial Revolution 4.0. Along with this, technological advancement has unlocked multiple ways for educators and learners to apply online resources in their teaching and learning process. It is vital to get more attention in the expansion of learners' skills, especially in speaking. However, learners appeared to be lacking in speaking skills and as well as lacking the confidence to utilize the target language (English). The use of traditional teaching approaches also contributes to the reason why learners feel bored and perform badly in speaking. In order to tackle these problems, using "MyScene Tube” is a promising solution to expand learners’ confidence and English-speaking skills. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate learners' confidence in utilizing the English language through the implementation of the "MyScene Tube” web channel. In this mixed-method research, survey questionnaires and YouTube Analysis were used to collect data from 118 Senior 2 learners of a secondary school in Klang, Selangor. Then, the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive analysis. In brief, the research finding shows that "MyScene Tube” could assist learners to perform better in speaking activities. It is recommended that this study could be used by future researchers to explore the effectiveness of this innovation in enhancing learners' ability in different skills of the English Language.

The segment of wearable technology allows medical practitioners and nurses to be incredibly responsible for the patients who are interested in it. A lot of research analyses in this segment have been done which makes it essential for nurses to be significantly engaged in the promising technological advancement in the process of enhancing the lives of patients. In this paper, a synthesis of the present condition of wearable technology has been done. A brief evaluation of nursing satisfaction with medical technology has also been done based on the present research on wearable technology and its implications for the future state of nursing. It is therefore founded that other segments in the healthcare sector have applied wearable technology to enhance gait in patients suffering Parkinson’s illnesses which provides automated defibrillation in the cardiac patients. This has also enabled medical practitioners to effectively monitor post-stroke rehabilitation. The medical practitioners are also considered a front line for patenting and designing novel ideas to enhance the lives of patients. As such, nurses typically adopt the novel technologies such as electronic clinical administration records, electronic medical records and the simulation status in the sector of education. Wearable technological advancements consider the upcoming trend since its potential application is considered endless. Including the patients in their individual care is considered a potential obligation of nursing. In that case, more research evaluation is required to link-up patients with caregivers that benefit from the wearable technological advancements.

Technological tools, including networking hardware, media, and machines, have been incorporated into education to facilitate learning for many decades. The conveyance of knowledge through technology becomes fast, easy, and enjoyable for the learner while vastly improving the understanding of concepts. Research insights reveal that through the use of technological tools, the participatory capacity of students increases, and interest levels are raised. Education has evolved, over the centuries, in its form, nature, and manner of deliverance. When written communication had not yet developed, word of mouth and observation were the most common means of passing knowledge from one generation to the next. Teaching was mostly verbal, delivered through plays, songs, and poems. Writing as a means of communication only gained significance by the end of the 15th century. The use of chalkboards and blackboards as a method of learning and teaching gained popularity at the end of the 18th century. Still, now in the 21st century, more advanced technological tools play an important role in facilitating learning and teaching. This study examines the effectiveness of educational technology in English teacher education programs, emphasising the development of preservice teachers’ language and pedagogical skills.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of using scientific news in science class on the perspective of 7th-grade middle school students against technological developments in science. In this study, a single group pre-test post-test experimental design was used. The research group of this study consists of 46 students studying in a public school in Istanbul. An open-ended questionnaire, in which students’ perspective on science and technology was developed, was used to collect the data. Content analysis was performed on the obtained data. A qualitative data collection tool was used to collect the data, but the frequencies of the responses were calculated and quantitatively converted into tables. As a result of the research, it observed a positive development in the scientific perspective of the students before and after the implementation. It was concluded that the students had the answers in the post-test that technology developed science and society and gained awareness about the importance of technology. In light of the findings, suggestions are presented

We are fortunate to live in a period of accelerated technological advancement and to be able to enjoy the benefits this brings. At the same time, we are fortunate to be directly involved in this te...

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are experiencing tremendous growth in both the technological advancement of the systems themselves and the expansion of practical uses for the systems. One application for this system includes the use of UAS as a tool in support of bridge inspections. The ability to fly UAS into positions difficult to reach by an inspector has the potential to save time, reduce costs, and improve safety. An increasing number of bridge owners are exploring the use of UAS for bridge inspections through pilot studies and early adoption as an integral part of their inspection processes. This study aims to enhance the industry awareness and knowledge base of stakeholders in bridge inspection processes. This paper presents the aircraft and sensors used to assist or augment inspections, the data needs of the bridge owners that can be provided through the use of UAS, and the means and methods by which the bridge owner, or the organization supporting the bridge owner, can manage the tremendous amount of data that can be collected by sensors deployed on UAS during an inspection.

As of 2018, technological innovation in the music industry at large had impacted firms in nearly every sector. Yet, music publishers have been traditionally unconcerned with technological advancement. Several competitive forces have made this position sustainable, but the broader industry’s pace of change was bound to reach the music publishing sector. The laissez-faire attitude of prominent market players in the publishing space has led to a market that was ripe for value innovation, and Downtown Music Publishing has already capitalized in this space, differentiating themselves from their competitors. This case highlights the choices the CEO and co-founder of Downtown Music Publishing and the rest of the senior management team must make about a new product. Should they keep it internal, or should it be spun off?

Advancement in the technology and device engineering has a huge impact on the evolution of biosensors and their designing principles. Various biosensors have been designed and reported depending upon the application it will be serving. Different biosensors have played an important role in vital applications in multifarious fields such as medical field, food industry, ecological monitoring and so on. The synoptic review chronicles the basic concepts, working principle, and structure of biosensors the surrounding gate MOSFET based biosensors. This paper presents a brief synoptic review about the generalization of the Surrounding Gate MOSFET based biosensors and their recent technological advancements. The recent advancements done in the device structure and material of the surrounding gate MOSFET based biosensors to improve sensitivity and to serve different sensing applications has been discussed in detail.

This article presents a reflection on the evolutionary process of digital information and communication technologies - DICT, intensified by the phenomenon of the social acceleration of time, with the purpose of understanding how these technologies dialogue with the principles of omnilateral human formation, in the scope of technical education. integrated to the medium. The research is part of a study carried out within the scope of the Professional Master's Degree in Technological Education and questions the use of DICT in comprehensive worker education with advances and setbacks that can contribute to maintaining the capitalist system. This study has a qualitative approach and uses literature review as a methodological tool. The results showed the relationship between technological advancement and the precepts of omnilateral human formation and the need to expand this debate in different areas of knowledge in order to foster the discussion about DICT in integral education.

Underpinning China’s technological advancement are the twin-engines of exports and innovation. To better understand China’s meteoric economic transformation, we explore the extent to which new prod...

Kazuo Ishiguro’s sixth novel, Never Let Me Go (2005), describes a society in which organ transplantation utilizing human clones is realized owing to technological advancement in the field of regene...

Purpose Machine learning is having a major impact on banking, law and other organisations. The speed with which this technology is developing to undertake tasks that are not only complex and technical but also time-consuming and that are subject to constantly changing parameters is astounding. The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which machine learning can be used as a solution to lighten the compliance and regulatory burden on charitable organisations in the UK; so that they can comply with their regulatory duties and develop a coherent and streamlined action plan in relation to technological investment. Design/methodology/approach The subject is approached through the analysis of data, literature and domestic and international regulation. The first part of the study summarises the extent of current regulatory obligations faced by charities, these are then, in the second part, set against the potential technological solutions provided by machine learning as of July 2021. Findings It is suggested that charities can use machine learning as a smart technological solution to ease the regulatory burden they face in a growing and impactful sector. Originality/value The work is original because it is the first to specifically explore how machine learning as a technological advance can assist charities in meeting the regulatory compliance challenge.

Rapid technological advancement in solar applications requires accurately determined daily global solar radiation (DGSR). The independent models to predict DGSR are super cited as they do not require any other climatological or geographical parameter. In this study, nine day-of-the-year based (DYB) independent models are developed to estimate daily global solar radiation in Pakistan. The meteorological data from the year 2000–2017 is used while covering thirty locations from five climatic zones of Pakistan. The models’ performance is statistically assessed in terms of normalized mean bias error (nMBE) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE). The results indicate that the two Gaussian function model estimates DGSR with a satisfactory performance at most stations in different climatic zones. On average, the correlation coefficient and index of agreement between day-of-the-year and DGSR are 0.934 and 0.956, respectively. The two Gaussian function model is then further compared with four existing best claimed models found in literature. Results show that the nMBE and nRMSE ranges from 0.87 to 3.00 and 0.95 to 3.21, respectively. Thus, it shows that the existing models overestimate the DGSR and are not applicable for long-term planning. In comparison, for the present study, nMBE and nRMSE take values between −0.05 to 0.17 and 0.09 to 0.24, respectively. Furthermore, Global Performance Indicator (GPI) is used to rank the models based upon their prediction performance which ranges between −3.5626 and 4.1998. The study revealed that DYB models are best suited for hot climatic regions of Pakistan as compared to cold climatic zones. Also, the locations within the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) highway network have maximum accuracy. This study can help energy system designers to predict DGSR values at any location in Pakistan.

Deviant behavior of adolescents in the online world has emerged as a serious social issue in South Korea. Given the urgent need to address new forms of risks related to technological advancement such as the Internet, this study examined the mechanisms of online deviant behavior among adolescents guided by general strain theory. Two waves of the nationally representative Korean Children and Youth Panel Study (N = 2184; Mage = 13.6 years) were used. The study examines whether the association between parental maltreatment (7th grade) and online deviant behavior (8th grade) is mediated by depression (8th grade), and further whether the mediating effect of depression (8th grade) on online deviant behavior (8th grade) is moderated by mobile phone dependency (8th grade). Depression mediated the relationship between parental maltreatment and online deviant behavior in the following year. A significant indirect and negative effect of parental maltreatment on online deviant behavior through depression was observed when levels of mobile phone dependency were low and moderate but not when mobile phone dependency was high. The findings demonstrated that adolescent’s depression and mobile phone dependency represent a key mechanism in determining the association between parental maltreatment and online deviant behavior. However, these findings may not be applicable for youth with the highest levels of mobile phone dependency.

Various cell aggregate culture technologies have been developed and actively applied to tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip. However, the conventional culture technologies are labor-intensive, and their outcomes are highly user dependent. In addition, the technologies cannot be used to produce three-dimensional (3D) complex tissues. In this regard, 3D cell aggregate printing technology has attracted increased attention from many researchers owing to its 3D processability. The technology allows the fabrication of 3D freeform constructs using multiple types of cell aggregates in an automated manner. Technological advancement has resulted in the development of a printing technology with a high resolution of approximately 20 μm in 3D space. A high-speed printing technology that can print a cell aggregate in milliseconds has also been introduced. The developed aggregate printing technologies are being actively applied to produce various types of engineered tissues. Although various types of high-performance printing technologies have been developed, there are still some technical obstacles in the fabrication of engineered tissues that mimic the structure and function of native tissues. This review highlights the central importance and current technical level of 3D cell aggregate printing technology, and their applications to tissue/disease models, artificial tissues, and drug-screening platforms. The paper also discusses the remaining hurdles and future directions of the printing processes.

The conventions ethnographers follow to gather, write about, and store their data are increasingly out of sync with contemporary research expectations and social life. Despite technological advancements that allow ethnographers to observe their subjects digitally and record interactions, few follow subjects online and many still reconstruct quotes from memory. Amid calls for data transparency, ethnographers continue to conceal subjects’ identities and keep fieldnotes private. But things are changing. We review debates, dilemmas, and innovations in ethnography that have arisen over the past two decades in response to new technologies and calls for transparency. We focus on emerging conversations around how ethnographers record, collect, anonymize, verify, and share data. Considering the replication crisis in the social sciences, we ask how ethnographers can enable others to reanalyze their findings. We address ethical implications and offer suggestions for how ethnographers can develop standards for transparency that are consistent with their commitment to their subjects and interpretive scholarship.

A produção de provas, hodiernamente, não se dá de forma exclusivamente física, mudando a forma de atuação do direito processual. Assim, as provas digitais surgem como um avanço tecnológico, permitindo que meios de provas, antes indisponíveis, estejam hoje ao alcance de investigadores e partes processuais, contribuindo para uma maior celeridade processual. Pretende-se, neste trabalho, demonstrar como a prova digital é utilizada no direito formal e material brasileiro, quais são os seus princípios e discutir a questão da autenticidade e da integridade das provas, destacando a importância da cadeia de custódia digital para a garantia de uma prova idônea e válida processualmente.

How do product innovation messages delay purchase intentions? Few studies offer answers to this question. Building on the literature of regulatory focus and framing effects, this study aims to identify the mechanism of the relationships among product innovation contents (i.e., performance advancements and price drops), reference time points (i.e., in the past and in the near future), and purchase intentions. Three experiments are conducted in the contexts of electric vehicles (Experiments 1 and 2) and household solar panels (Experiment 3) in South Korea in 2018 and 2019. The results indicate that when prevention-oriented individuals are exposed to prevention-focused messages, as compared to promotion-focused messages, their intentions to purchase incumbent products are weaker. However, promotion-oriented individuals do not exhibit such differences in their purchase intentions. Further, when exposed to promotion-focused messages, promotion-oriented participants have higher purchase intentions when the message is framed as a gain rather than a non-gain. However, when they are exposed to prevention-focused messages, prevention-oriented participants have lower purchase intentions when the message is framed as a loss rather than a non-loss. This study enables the theoretical understanding of how and why consumers respond differently to product innovation messages. It also sheds light on how marketers must strategically manage the messages about innovation outcomes.

Rotaviruses are segmented double-stranded RNA viruses with a high frequency of gene reassortment, and they are a leading cause of global diarrheal deaths in children less than 5 years old. Two-thirds of rotavirus-associated deaths occur in low-income countries. Currently, the available vaccines in developing countries have lower efficacy in children than those in developed countries. Due to added safety concerns and the high cost of current vaccines, there is a need to develop cost-effective next-generation vaccines with improved safety and efficacy. The reverse genetics system (RGS) is a powerful tool for investigating viral protein functions and developing novel vaccines. Recently, an entirely plasmid-based RGS has been developed for several rotaviruses, and this technological advancement has significantly facilitated novel rotavirus research. Here, we review the recently developed RGS platform and discuss its application in studying infection biology, gene reassortment, and development of vaccines against rotavirus disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00705-021-05142-7.

In the 21st century, the era of globalization, the technological advancement and the ongoing migration movements, the global com-munity experiences a deep and multi-dimensional crisis (sociopolitical, financial, and cultural). This paper discusses the impact of these multi-ple aspects of the crisis in the theatre of Cyprus, especially during the second decade of the 21st century. The theatre in the time of crisis seems to suffocate within the traditional frames of dramatic theatre. As a re-sult, a group of young directors, without hesitation, confront and keep up with the new trends observed internationally, thus introducing new theatre forms (devised theatre, site-specific theatre, happenings etc.) in the Cypriot theatrical landscape and seeking to develop a new way of dialogue with the audience. Cypriot theatre today uses methods and approaches (ideological and aesthetic) that renounce fundamental the-atrical conventions of dramatic theatre. This fact allows us to talk about experimentation, as well as about presence of elements of post-dramatic theatre in the country. The making of theatre in the public sphere is now an act of social resistance to local and global events and the first step that may lead to political and social change.