2,761 results on '"Technical Research Centre of Finland"'
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2. Motivation Makes the Move! (MoMaMo!)
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Western Ontario, Canada, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Maritta Pöyhönen-Alho, MD, PhD
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- 2022
3. Intelligent Customer-driven Solution for Children and Their Parents Undergoing Day Surgery
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Tampere University, and Buddy Healthcare Ltd
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- 2022
4. ENDOMET - Novel Diagnostic Tools and Treatments for Endometriosis (ENDOMET)
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University of Turku, The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (TEKES), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finnish Medical Foundation, Hormos Medical, PerkinElmer, Wallac Oy, Biotop Oy, Pharmatest Services Ltd, Drug Discovery Graduate School, Finland, The National Graduate School of Clinical Investigation, Finland, and Antti Perheentupa, Associate Professor
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- 2021
5. Screening of Gastric Cancer Via Breath Volatile Organic Compounds by Hybrid Sensing Approach (VOGAS)
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Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, University of Ulm, Uppsala University, JLM Innovation GmbH, Universitaet Innsbruck, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Universidad de Pamplona, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, AC Camargo Cancer Center, National Cancer Institute of Ukraine, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Marcis Leja, Director, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Medicine
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- 2021
6. Regulation of Energy Balance and Metabolism - Mechanisms Behind and Beyond Obesity and Weight Loss (BALANCE)
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kuopio University Hospital, and Alfido Ltd
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- 2019
7. Arrhythmias in Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients
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Tays Heart Hospital, GE Healthcare Finland Ltd, Fimlab Ltd, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Bittium Ltd, Tekes - Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation, Politecnico Milano, and Jussi Hernesniemi, Adjunct Professor
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- 2019
8. Applying the positioning phase of the digital transformation model in practice for SMEs: toward systematic development of digitalization
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Jukka VTT Technical research centre of Finland Ltd., Pasi VTT Technical research centre of Finland Ltd., Leila VTT Technical research centre of Finland Ltd., Olli Kuusisto, and et al.
- Subjects
digitalization ,digital transformation ,sme ,positioning phase ,digital maturity ,digital transformation model ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
Digital transformation (DT) refers to the changes in ways of working and business offering caused by adoption of digital technologies in an organization. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are struggling with this transformation because of their limited resources and know-how. Thus, SMEs need practical grassroots-level help for DT that allows the companies to analyze where they stand in digitalization, and how they should proceed. This article discusses how SMEs can be supported in their DT by utilizing the DT model consisting of four consecutive phases for supporting companies’ systematic development of digitalization. The article focuses on the first phase of the DT model, positioning, where company’s digitalization status is analyzed in detail, and development ideas are identified. The positioning phase was conducted for 19 SMEs in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland. The results indicate that the used process and tools were suitable to support SMEs for analyzing their digitalization status and identifying areas for improvement. The DT model and piloted tools have been published as a free-of-charge ApuaDigiin.fi online service to facilitate their widespread use in the future. In this way, public regional business development authors or research organizations can utilize the online service while supporting the digitalization of SMEs.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Grain Fibre and Gut Health (FIBREFECTS)
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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- 2018
10. Gut Microbiota and Antibiotics - Prevention of Side Effects by New Prebiotics
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
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- 2018
11. STOP DIABETES - Knowledge-based Solutions (StopDia)
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National Institute of Health and Welfare, Technical Research Centre of Finland, University of Melbourne, University of Konstanz, Karolinska Institutet, Maastricht University, University of Oslo, Danube-University, Flinders University, Cornell University, University of Copenhagen, Roskilde University, University of Manchester, and University of York
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- 2017
12. Computational Tools for Early Diagnosis of Memory Disorders (ProsKuopio)
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University of Sheffield, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and Hilkka Soininen, Hilkka Soininen, Professor, MD, PhD
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- 2017
13. Family Welfare Pilot Intervention Study (HYPE)
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Tampere University, University of Helsinki, University of Jyvaskyla, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, The Finnish Heart Association, and The National Consumer Research Centre
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- 2015
14. Evidence Based Diagnostics and Treatment Planning Solution for Traumatic Brain Injuries
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Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, GE Healthcare, and Kaunas University of Technology
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- 2015
15. Lifecycle management in government-driven open source projects – practical framework
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Katja VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Jukka VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Jani National Land Survey of Finland
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public information systems ,open source ,open-source software ,e-government ,software lifecycle management ,public sector ,Management. Industrial management ,HD28-70 - Abstract
In many parts of the world, public sector organizations are increasingly interested in collaborating across organizational (and even national) boundaries to develop software solutions under an open licence. However, without sound lifecycle management practices, the full benefits of open collaboration are not achieved and projects fail to achieve sustained success. This paper introduces a lifecycle management model and framework for government-driven open-source projects and reports about its use in a real-life case study. Our focus is on lifecycle management activities which take place between deployment and end-of-life. The framework was developed iteratively through a series of focus group discussions with representatives of public sector organizations. After the framework had been taken into use in our real-life case project, individual qualitative interviews were conducted to collect experiences on its benefits and weaknesses. According to the initial evidence, the deployment of the framework seems to have brought concrete benefits to the project, e.g. by contributing positively to community growth, software quality and inter-organizational learning.
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Study of Effectiveness of Different Lifestyle Interventions for Health and Wellbeing
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SalWe Ltd., University of Eastern Finland, University of Helsinki, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Duodecim Medical Publications Ltd., Firstbeat Technologies Ltd., Vivago Ltd, and Valio Ltd
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- 2014
17. Effect of Diet on Intestinal Microbiota and Obesity Markers in Adults (TORNADO)
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Umeå University, Quadram Institute Bioscience, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Jana Foerster, Jana Foerster, PhD student
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- 2012
18. Tritium distributions on W-coated divertor tiles used in the third JET ITER-like wall campaign
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Y., Hatano (University of Toyama), S., E. Lee (University of Toyama), J., Likonen (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland), S., Koivuranta (VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland), M., Hara (University of Toyama), S., Masuzaki (National Institute for Fusion Science), Asakura, Nobuyuki, Isobe, Kanetsugu, Hayashi, Takumi, J., Ikonen (University of Helsink), A., Widdowson (Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UK), and contributors, JET
- Abstract
Tritium (T) distributions on tungsten (W)-coated plasma-facing tiles used in the third ITER-like wall campaign (2015–2016) of the Joint European Torus (JET) were examined by means of an imaging plate technique and β-ray induced x-ray spectrometry, and they were compared with the distributions after the second (2013–2014) campaign. Strong enrichment of T in beryllium (Be) deposition layers was observed after the second campaign. In contrast, T distributions after the third campaign was more uniform though Be deposition layers were visually recognized. The one of the possible explanations is enhanced desorption of T from Be deposition layers due to higher tile temperatures caused by higher energy input in the third campaign.
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- 2019
19. Videotex Applications in the Technical Information Service. Research Notes 115.
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Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo., Vesterinen, Pirjo, and Grohn, Inga-Leena
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This report presents an evaluation of the usefulness of videotex for technical information services which is based on studies of a number of videotex systems operating in several countries, and a description of the structure and content of a database which has been introduced into the Finnish videotex system, Telset, by the Technical Information Service. This database provides the system with information on the Research Center and its work, and on the activities and organization of the Technical Information Service. Brief reviews of the three leading rival technologies in the field--Prestel (United Kingdom), Antiope (France), and Telidon (Canada)--are followed by descriptions and sample pages of databases providing scientific and technical, library, business, and governmental information which are available through a variety of teletex systems, including Contel (United Kingdom), Captain (Japan), Teletel (France), Bildschirmtext (West Germany), Viditel (the Netherlands), and Fintel (Finland). Videotex services provided by OCLC in the United States, and potential uses of videotex by closed user groups and in connection with other information retrieval systems are briefly noted. The usefulness of videotex for technical information is then discussed in the context of information retrieval, document delivery, and dissemination of information. A list of references and other related literature is included. (LMM)
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- 1982
20. Computer Conference in Information Service. Research Report 191.
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Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo. and Repo, Aatto J.
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This document describes the development of computer conferencing (CC) and its role within information service communities, particularly in Finland and Sweden. CC is defined as a computer-based messaging (CBM) system providing an asynchronous communications structure for group work. It is noted that CC differs from electronic mail and that CC software additionally supports text processing, collaborative electronic publishing, information retrieval, and personal documentation. Following introductory material, sections describe: (1) the use of CC as a tool for knowledge workers, with subsections providing definitions of basic telematic concepts, information on CC systems configurations, such as the Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) and the Computer Conferencing System (COM) developed in the United States and Sweden respectively, a description of knowledge workshops, and information on CC systems in use; (2) possible ways of combining CC with information services; and (3) CC experiments at the Technical Research Centre of Finland testing the practicality of offering online bibliographic retrieval services to CC communities in Finland and Sweden, which contain mainly data processing (adp) experts. It is concluded that information services should be offered via CC systems, but that the importance of personal contacts in accessing information must be realized. A list of 27 references and related appendices are also provided. (ESR)
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- 1983
21. Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in aqueous ionic liquids
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Suurnäkki, Anna, Principal Scientist, Dr., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, Kruus, Kristiina, Research Prof., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu, School of Chemical Technology, Kemian laitos, Department of Chemistry, Jokela, Reija, Prof., Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, Wahlström, Ronny, Suurnäkki, Anna, Principal Scientist, Dr., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, Kruus, Kristiina, Research Prof., VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu, School of Chemical Technology, Kemian laitos, Department of Chemistry, Jokela, Reija, Prof., Department of Chemistry, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, and Wahlström, Ronny
- Abstract
Total enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides is currently a focus research area. The monosaccharides obtained from lignocellulose hydrolysis can be used for the production of platform chemicals and biofuels, most notably ethanol. One major challenge in the commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol production is the recalcitrance of lignocellulosics towards enzymatic hydrolysis, necessitating efficient pretreatment of the lignocellulosic feedstock. Certain ionic liquids (ILs, salts with melting points below 100 °C) dissolve cellulose and even lignocellulosic biomass and are as such interesting candidates for pretreatment technology. However, cellulose-dissolving ILs have been found to severely inactivate the hydrolytic enzymes (cellulases) employed in cellulose hydrolysis. This work focuses on elucidating how certain ILs affect the action of cellulases in cellulose hydrolysis. The main emphasis was on the action of purified monocomponent Trichoderma reesei cellulases, but some commercial cellulase preparations were also studied in IL matrices. Hydrolysis experiments were made in solutions containing up to 90% of the two cellulose-dissolving ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]AcO) and 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([DMIM]DMP). The presence of increasing amounts of IL led to decreasing yields of solubilised saccharides in enzymatic hydrolysis. Depending on the IL and cellulase, no soluble saccharides were released in hydrolysis matrices containing over 40–50% IL. There were clear differences in the severity of the effects of different cellulose-dissolving ILs on cellulase action. [EMIM]AcO was generally more harmful for cellulase action than [DMIM]DMP. Pure [EMIM]AcO completely inactivated T. reesei endoglucanase in 4 h in residual activity measurements, whereas pure [DMIM]DMP supported considerable cellulase activity for at least three days. These results were confirmed by time curves of mic, Enzymatisk totalhydrolys av lignocellulosans polysackarider till monosackarider är för tillfället ett mycket aktivt forskningsområde. De sålunda producerade monosackariderna kan användas som råvara vid tillverkningen av plattformkemikalier och biobränslen, av vilka särskilt kan nämnas etanol. En av de största utmaningarna i kommersialiseringen av etanoltillverkning från lignocellulosa är lignocellulosans motståndskraft mot enzymatisk hydrolys. Därför behövs effektiva förbehandlingsmetoder då lignocellulosan används som råvara. Vissa jonvätskor (definierade som salt med smältpunkt under 100 °C) löser cellulosa och till och med fullständig lignocellulosa. Jonvätskorna utgör sålunda ett intressant alternativ som förbehandlingsteknologi för lignocellulosa. Jonvätskorna har emellertid i hög grad konstaterats inaktivera de hydrolytiska enzymer, cellulaser, som används i cellulosahydrolys. Detta arbete har haft som målsättning att klargöra hur cellulosalösande jonvätskor påverkar cellulasernas funktion i cellulosahydrolys. I första hand undersöktes hur funktionen hos cellulaser renade till enkomponentpreparat från Trichoderma reesei, men också hos kommersiella cellulaspreparat, påverkades i vissa jonvätskelösningar. Hydrolysexperimenten utfördes i lösningar med upp till 90 % jonvätska (1-etyl-3-metylimidazolium acetat ([EMIM]AcO) eller 1,3-dimetylimidazolium dimetylfosfat ([DMIM]DMP)). En ökande mängd jonvätska ledde till avtagande hydrolysutbyten i form av lösliga sackarider i enzymatisk hydrolys. Beroende på kombinationen av jonvätska och cellulas observerades ingen tillkomst av lösliga sackarider när jonvätskekoncentrationen steg över 40–50 %. De olika jonvätskorna var i olika utsträckning skadliga för cellulasernas funktion. [EMIM]AcO var i allmänhet mer skadlig än [DMIM]DMP för cellulasernas funktion. Ren [EMIM]AcO inaktiverade T. reesei endoglukanas fullständigt på mindre än 4 h, medan betydande restaktiviteter mättes efter inkubation i [DMIM]DMP under åtminstone tre, Lignoselluloosan entsymaattista totaalihydrolyysiä tutkitaan nykyisin hyvin aktiivisesti. Lignoselluloosassa olevien polysakkaridien hydrolyysistä syntyviä monosakkarideja voidaan käyttää raaka-aineina kemikaalien, polymeerien ja biopolttoaineiden, erityisesti etanolin, tuotannossa. Iso haaste lignoselluloosapohjaisen etanolituotannon kaupallistamisessa on lignoselluloosan monimutkainen rakenne, joka vaikeuttaa entsymaattista hydrolyysiä. Tehokkaiden, lignoselluloosaa avaavien esikäsittelymenetelmien kehittäminen on siis tärkeää. Tietyt ioninesteet, jotka määritellään suoloiksi, joiden sulamispiste on alle 100 °C, liuottavat selluloosaa ja jopa lignoselluloosaa. Ne ovatkin hyvin mielenkiintoisia käytettäviksi lignoselluloosan esikäsittelyssä. Selluloosaa liuottavien ioninesteiden on kuitenkin todettu inaktivoivan hydrolyyttisiä entsyymejä, sellulaaseja, joita käytetään selluloosan totaalihydrolyysissä. Tässä työssä selvitettiin, miten tietyt ioninesteet vaikuttavat sellulaasien toimintaan selluloosan hydrolyysissä. Työssä tutkittiin pääasiassa Trichoderma reesei -homeen tuottamien ja puhdistettujen sellulaasien sekä myös joidenkin kaupallisesti saatavien sellulaasituotteiden toimintaa vesipitoisissa ioninesteliuoksissa. Hydrolyysikokeita tehtiin selluloosalla vesiliuoksissa, joiden ioninestepitoisuus vaihteli; suurimmillaan se oli 90 % (joko 1-etyyli-3-metyylimidatsoliumi asetaatti ([EMIM]AcO) tai 1,3-dimetyylimidatsoliumi dimetyylifosfaatti ([DMIM]DMP)). Kasvavat ioninestepitoisuudet aiheuttivat hydrolyysisaannon pienenemisen selluloosan entsyymaattisessa hydrolyysissä. Riippuen sellulaasin ja ioninesteen yhdistelmästä liukenevia mono- ja oligosakkarideja ei syntynyt lainkaan hydrolyyseissä, joissa oli enemmän kuin 40–50 % ioninestettä. Selluloosaa liuottavien ioninesteiden vaikutuksessa sellulaasien toimintaan oli selviä eroja. [EMIM]AcO haittasi enemmän sellulaasien toimintaa kuin [DMIM]DMP. Puhtaassa [EMIM]AcO:ssa T. reesein endoglukanaasi inaktivoitui täysin ne
- Published
- 2014
22. Role of chemical and enzymatic modifications of milk proteins on emulsion stability/properties : Approaches for more stable protein emulsions
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, Ma, Hairan, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland, and Ma, Hairan
- Abstract
Milk proteins, sodium caseinate (CN) and whey protein isolate (WPI) are used in food industries as emulsifiers. The stability of an O/W emulsion is dependent on the electrostatic and steric repulsion provided by the interfacial proteins against droplet aggregation or lipid oxidation. Therefore, modifications of the surface charge or the interfacial conformation of protein emulsifiers are expected to enhance their emulsifying properties and emulsion stability. In this present work, sodium caseinate and whey protein isolate were modified by different chemical and enzymatic approaches. The modified proteins were characterized using multiple techniques, and the effect of these modifications on emulsifying properties of proteins and emulsion stability was investigated. Succinylation converts the positively charged amino groups into negatively charged carboxyl groups, lowering the isoelectric point (pI) of protein. The ethylene diamine (EDA) modification worked in the opposite way, leading to an increased pI. The extent of these two modifications was studied using SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The pI of succinylated and EDA modified milk proteins was studied using zeta-potential measurement. As a result, the succinylation to full extent altered the pI of CN from 4.2 to 2.7, and the EDA modification shifted the pI of CN and WPI from 4.2 to 9.4 and from 4.9 to 9.5 respectively. The pH stability of emulsion made with the modified milk proteins was monitored by following the increase of particle size during storage. The results suggested that succinylation and EDA modification could enhance the emulsion stability at pH 4 7 by increasing the electrostatic repulsion between droplets. Regarding the enzymatic modification of milk proteins, the laccase and transglutaminase (Tgase) catalyzed cross-linking were applied on WPI and CN respectively. In order to improve the reactivity of WPI towards the laccase, a vanillic acid modification was carried out to incorporate add, Maitoproteiinivalmisteita, kuten natriumkaseinaattia (CN) ja heraproteiinia (WPI) käytetään elintarviketeollisuudessa emulgaattoreina. Öljy-vesiemulsioiden säilyvyyteen vaikuttavat sekä fysikaaliset tekijät, kuten öljypisaroiden yhdistyminen ja pintaannousu, että kemialliset tekijät kuten rasvan hapettuminen vesiympäristössä. Öljyn ja veden rajapintaa stabiloivat proteiinit vaikuttavat näihin molempiin: sähköiset vuorovaikutukset sekä steeriset tekijät säätelevät öljypisaroiden välistä kontaktia ja aineensiirtoa rajapinnan läpi. Proteiiniemulgaattoreiden konformaation tai varauksen muokkaaminen muuttaa niiden emulgointiominaisuuksia ja voi siten oletettavasti parantaa emulsion säilyvyyttä halutuissa olosuhteissa. Tässä työssä käytettiin useita eri menetelmiä, joilla tutkittiin natriumkaseinaatin ja heraproteiinin entsymaattisen ja kemiallisen muokkauksen vaikutusta niiden emulgaattoriominaisuuksiin. Proteiinien sukkinylaatio eli meripihkahapon liittäminen muuttaa positiivisesti varatut aminoryhmät negatiivisesti varautuneiksi karboksyyliryhmiksi, jolloin proteiinin isoelektrinen piste (pI) alenee. Muokkaaminen etyleenidiamiinilla (EDA) vaikuttaa vastakkaisella tavalla, jolloin pI kohoaa. Proteiinin muokkautuminen osoitettiin käyttäen geelielektroforeesia (SDS-PAGE) ja massaspektrometriaa (MALDI-TOF). Muokattujen maitoproteiinien isoelektriset pisteet (nettovaraus nolla) määritettiin käyttäen zetapotentiaalimittausta, jossa proteiinin nettovaraus määritetään pH:n funktiona. Kaikkien aminoryhmien sukkinyloituminen alensi natriumkaseinaatin isoelektrisen pisteen 4,2:sta 2,7:ään. EDAlla muokkaaminen puolestaan nosti natriumkaseinaatin ja heraproteiinin isoelektrisen pisteen 4,9:stä 9,5:een. Muokatuilla proteiineilla stabiloitujen emulsioiden säilytyksen aikana tapahtuvia muutoksia seurattiin emulsioiden pisarakokoa mittaamalla. Tulosten mukaan sukkinylaatio ja EDA-käsittely voivat lisätä emulsion pysyvyyttä pH-alueella 4-7, mikä johtuu pisaroiden välisen sähköisen hylki
- Published
- 2015
23. Bio-sonochemical conversion of fish backbones into bioactive nanospheres
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Macedo Fernandes, Margarida Maria, Rivera Rodríguez, Diana Marcela, Tzanov, Tzanko, Rommi, Katariina, Lantto, Raija, Mozuraityte, Revilija, Šližyte, Rasa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Química, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GBMI - Grup de Biotecnologia Molecular i Industrial, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Macedo Fernandes, Margarida Maria, Rivera Rodríguez, Diana Marcela, Tzanov, Tzanko, Rommi, Katariina, Lantto, Raija, Mozuraityte, Revilija, and Šližyte, Rasa
- Abstract
Salmon backbones, co-streams of salmon processing industry, were transformed into stable, odour-free ingredients for cosmetics. First, the backbones were hydrolysed using commercial proteases (Bromelain + Papain, Trypsin, Corolase® 7089 and Protamex®) in order to accomplish the release of fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), which showed antioxidant activity and aptitude to inhibit skin-degrading and inflammatory enzymes. However, due to the FPH instability in aqueous solution and propensity for microbial contamination, their bioactive properties were entirely lost only after 24 h. To overcome the low stability and prevent the effect loss, a sonochemical technology was then employed to transform the FPH into stable tea tree oil-filled bioactive peptide-shell nanospheres (NS). Such transformation boosted the FPH antioxidant potential, which was further reflected in protection of fibroblasts from UV damage. In the form of NSs, the FPH resisted microbial contamination for more than 6 months and presented antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the fish odour was eliminated after the NSs processing, thus addressing this important challenge for using fish raw materials in cosmetics. This work suggests an alternative high value use of the fishery co-streams and expands their application potential beyond their current use as fish or animal feed, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)
- Published
- 2015
24. Transcriptional analysis of Trichoderma reesei under conditions inducing cellulase and hemicellulase production, and identification of factors influencing protein production
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Häkkinen, Mari, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Häkkinen, Mari
- Abstract
Utilisation of non-edible, renewable lignocellulosic biomass for the production of second generation biofuels and chemicals is hindered especially by the high price of enzymes needed for biomass degradation. Filamentous fungi are natural producers of enzymes active against plant cell wall polymers. Especially the ascomycota fungus Trichoderma reesei is widely utilised in the industry for the production of cellulases and hemicellulases. However, the efficiency of enzyme production needs to be further improved in order to ensure economical production of biobased products. Several environmental factors affect protein production by filamentous fungi. Cellulase and hemicellulase genes of T. reesei are activated by inducer molecules derived from different substrates. The need for cooperation of different hydrolytic enzymes for the total degradation of plant cell wall material has led to coordinated expression of these genes. However, the extent and timing of induction can vary between different genes and especially the hemicellulase genes aredifferentially induced by various substrates. The direct regulation of cellulase and hemicellulase genes by transcriptional regulators has been widely studied and several activators and repressors of these genes have been characterized in detail. However, little is still known concerning the exact regulatory pathways and mechanisms utilised by the fungus for the accurate timing and composition of the hydrolytic enzymes produced. In this study, a genome-wide transcriptional analysis of T. reesei gene expression at different ambient pH conditions was conducted in order to identify genes affected by extracellular pH. The role of a T. reesei orthologue for the characterized pH regulator, PacC, in the expression of cellulase and hemicellulase genes was also studied. An extensive induction experiment together with transcriptional profiling was then utilised to study the effects of several different substrates on the expression of genes enco, Biomassan hajotukseen tarvittavien entsyymien korkea hinta vaikeuttaa uusiutuvien lignoselluloosasta rakentuvien biomassamateriaalien käyttöä toisen sukupolven biopolttoaineiden ja kemikaalien tuotantoon. Rihmamaiset sienet tuottavat luonnostaan kasvien soluseinämateriaalia hajottavia entsyymejä. Varsinkin Trichoderma reesei sientä käytetään laajasti teollisuudessa sellulaasien ja hemisellulaasien tuottoon. Sienen entsyymintuottokykyä tulee kuitenkin parantaa vielä entisestään, jotta biopohjaisten tuotteiden kustannustehokas tuotto voidaan varmistaa. Useilla eri ympäristötekijöillä tiedetään olevan vaikutusta rihmamaisen sienen proteiinintuottoon. T. reesei -sienen sellulaasi- ja hemisellulaasigeenit aktivoituvat erilaisista substraateista muodostuvien indusorien välityksellä. Kasvimateriaalin hajotukseen tarvitaan useiden eri entsyymien yhteistyötä, mikä on johtanut entsyymejä koodaavien geenien koordinoituun ekspressioon. Induktion voimakkuus ja ajoitus voivat kuitenkin vaihdella eri geenien välillä, ja erityisesti hemisellulaasigeenien induktiossa on havaittu vaihtelua myös eri substraattien välillä. Sellulaasi- ja hemisellulaasigeenien säätelyä spesifisten transkriptiofaktoreiden välityksellä on tutkittu laajasti ja useita aktivaattoreita ja repressoreja on karakterisoitu. Entsyymien tuoton ajoittamiseen ja optimaalisen entsyymiseoksen tuottamiseen tarvittavista säätelymekanismeista tiedetään silti vielä melko vähän. Solun ulkopuolisen pH:n vaikutusta T. reesei -sienen geeniekspressioon tutkittiin genominlaajuisella transkriptioanalyysillä. Analyysin tavoitteena oli tunnistaa pH:n muutokseen reagoivia geenejä. Lisäksi tunnetun, pH-säätelystä vastaavan pacC-geenin ortologin roolia T. reesein sellulaasi- ja hemisellulaasigeenien ekspression säätelyssä tutkittiin. Laajaa induktiokoetta yhdistettynä transkriptioanalyysiin hyö-dynnettiin tutkittaessa eri substraattien vaikutusta CAZy-geenien ekspressioon. Lisäksi transkriptiodataa hyödynnettiin uusien, sellulaasi- ja
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- 2014
25. Dietary effects on human fecal microbiota
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Simões, Catarina, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Simões, Catarina
- Abstract
The establishment of microbial populations in the gastrointestinal (GI)-tract is a complex process, involving microbial and host interactions eventually resulting in a dense and stable population. Recently, the identification of microbial species from fecal samples has become more accurate with the use of 16S RNA gene-based methods. However, although these molecular-based detection methods have apparent benefits over culture-based techniques, they involve potential pitfalls that should be taken into consideration when studying the fecal microbiota, such as the storage conditions and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-extraction. Therefore, the effects of different storage conditions and DNA-extraction protocols on fecal samples were evaluated in this study. Whereas the DNA-extraction protocol did not affect the numbers of Bac-teroides spp., the abundance of this group showed a significant decrease after one week s storage at -20°C. Furthermore, the numbers of predominant bacteria, Eubacterium rectale group, Clostridium leptum group, bifidobacteria and Atopobium group, were significantly higher in samples stored at -70°C after mechanical DNA-extraction than after enzymatic DNA-extraction as detected with real-time PCR (qPCR). These results indicate that rigorous mechanical lysis leads to the detection of higher bacterial numbers from human fecal samples than enzymatic DNA-extraction. Therefore, the use of different DNA-extraction protocols may partly ex-plain contradictory results reported in previous studies. The composition of the human intestinal microbiota is influenced by host-specific factors such as age, genetics and physical and chemical conditions encountered in the GI-tract. On the other hand, it is modulated by environmental factors with impact on the host during the lifespan, such as diet. The impact of diet on the gut microbiota has usually been assessed by subjecting people to the same controlled diet, and thereafter following the shifts in the microbiota. In, Perustaminen mikrobipopulaatioidenruoansulatuskanavan (GI)- suolikanavan onmonimutkainen prosessi , johon mikrobi-ja isännän vuorovaikutukset lopulta tuloksenatiivis ja vakaa väestöstä. Äskettäin tunnistaminen mikrobi- lajien ulostenäytteet on tullut tarkempi käytön 16S RNA-geeniä - menetelmiä . Vaikka nämä molekyylipohjaisia analyysimenetelmiä on ilmeistä hyötyä yli kulttuuri - tekniikat , niihin liittyy mahdollisia sudenkuoppia , jotka olisi otettava huomioon , kun tutkitaanulosteen mikrobiston , kutensäilytysolosuhteet ja deoksiribonukleiinihappo ( DNA ) - uutto . Siksivaikutuksia eri säilytysolosuhteet ja DNA - uutto pöytäkirjat ulostenäytteet tutkittiin tässä tutkimuksessa . Ottaa huomioon, että DNA - uutto -protokollaa ei vaikuttanut numerot Bac - teroides spp . ,Runsaasti tämä ryhmä osoittimerkittävää laskua yhden viikon varastoinnin -20 ° C: ssa Lisäksinumerot hallitseva bakteereja , Eubacterium rectale ryhmä , Clostridium leptum ryhmä , bifidobakteerien ja Atopobium ryhmä , olivat huomattavasti korkeammat näytteitä säilytetään -70 ° C mekaanisen DNA - uutto kuin entsymaattisen DNA - uutto havaita reaaliaikainen PCR- ( qPCR ) . Nämä tulokset osoittavat, että tiukka mekaaninen hajoaminen johtaahavaitseminen bakteereihin ihmisen ulostenäytteissä kuin entsymaattinen DNA - uutto . Siksierilaisten DNA - uutto protokollia osittain ex - tavallinen ristiriitaisia tuloksia raportoitu aiemmissa tutkimuksissa . Koostumusihmisen suoliston mikrobisto vaikuttavat Isäntäspesifinen tekijät, kuten ikä, perimä ja fysikaaliset ja kemialliset olosuhteet kohdataanGI - suolikanavan . Toisaalta , se moduloidaan ympäristötekijät , jotka vaikuttavatisäntä elinkaaren aikana , kuten ruokavalio . Ruokavalion vaikutussuoliston mikrobiston on yleensä arvioitu alistamalla ihmisiäsamaan ruokavaliota , ja sen jälkeen kunmuutoksiamikrobiston . Tässä tutkimuksessa ,vakinainen ravinnosta monozygotic kaksoset liittyiulosteen mikrobiston com - asema , joka analysoitiin qPCR ja Denaturing Gra
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- 2013
26. Cellulase-lignin interactions in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Rahikainen, Jenni, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Rahikainen, Jenni
- Abstract
Lignin, a major non-carbohydrate polymer in lignocellulosic plant biomass, restricts the action of hydrolytic enzymes in the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks. Non-productive enzyme adsorption onto lignin is a major inhibitory mechanism, which results in decreased hydrolysis rates and yields and difficulties in enzyme recycling. The mechanisms of non-productive binding are poorly understood; therefore, in this thesis, enzyme-lignin interactions were studied using isolated lignins from steam pretreated and non-treated spruce and wheat straw as well as monocomponent cellulases with different modular structures and temperature stabilities. The origin of the isolated lignin had an undisputable effect on non-productive binding. Ultrathin lignin films, prepared from steam pretreated and non-treated lignin preparations, were employed in QCM adsorption studies in which Trichoderma reesei Cel7A (TrCel7A) was found to bind more onto lignin isolated from steam pretreated biomass than onto lignin isolated from non-treated lignocellulosic biomass. Botanical differences in lignin chemistry had only a minor effect on nonproductive binding when enzyme binding to non-treated wheat straw and spruce lignin was compared. Increase in temperature was found to increase the inhibitory effect arising from non-productive enzyme binding to lignin. Different enzymes were shown to have a characteristic temperature at which the inhibition emerged. Thermostable enzymes were the most lignin-tolerant at high temperatures, suggesting that in addition to the surface properties of an enzyme, non-productive binding onto lignin may be influenced by stability of the enzyme structure. In addition, for lignin-bound T. reesei cellulases, increase in temperature resulted in loss of catalytic activity and tighter binding, suggesting that at high temperature enzyme binding to lignin was probably coupled to conformational changes in the protein folding. With TrCel7A, carbohydrate-binding module, Kasvien lignoselluloosa on vaihtoehtoinen uusiutuva raaka-aine likkennepolttoaineiden sekä erilaisten kemikaalien tuotantoon. Lignoselluloosan biokemiallisella prosessoinnilla pyritään hajottamaan biomassan rakennepolysakkaridit entsymaattisesti liukoisiksi sokereiksi, joista pystytään esimerkiksi mikrobien avulla tuottamaan haluttuja yhdisteitä, kuten liikennepolttoaineeksi soveltuvaa etanolia. Lignoselluloosa koostuu pääosin rakennepolysakkarideista (selluloosa ja hemiselluloosa) sekä ligniinistä, joka on aromaattinen polymeeri. Ligniinin läsnäolo estää rakennepolysakkarideja hajottavien entsyymien toimintaa useilla mekanismeilla, joista entsyymien epäspesifi sitoutuminen ligniinin on eräs tärkeimmistä. Entsyymien sitoutuminen ligniiniin heikentää niiden toimintaa sekä rajoittaa entsyymien kierrätettävyyttä. Molekyylitason mekanismit, jotka mahdollistavat entsyymien sitoutumisen ligniiniin, tunnetaan heikosti. Väitöskirjan tavoitteena oli tutkia entsyymi-ligniini-vuorovaikutuksia käyttäen hyödyksi eristettyjä ligniininäytteitä sekä rakenteeltaan ja lämpöstabiilisuudeltaan erilaisia sellulaasi-entsyymejä. Työssä havaittujen ilmiöiden pohjalta on pystytty esittämään keinoja, joilla haitallisia entsyymi-ligniini-vuorovaikutuksia voidaan välttää prosessissa. Lignoselluloosan biokemiallisen prosessoinnin tehostaminen on edellytys sen maailmanlaajuiselle hyödyntämiselle polttoaine- ja kemikaalituotannossa.
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- 2013
27. Term Weighting in Short Documents for Document Categorization, Keyword Extraction and Query Expansion
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Helsingin yliopisto, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, tietojenkäsittelytieteen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för datavetenskap, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Science, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Timonen, Mika, Helsingin yliopisto, matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen tiedekunta, tietojenkäsittelytieteen laitos, Helsingfors universitet, matematisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för datavetenskap, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Computer Science, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Timonen, Mika
- Abstract
This thesis focuses on term weighting in short documents. I propose weighting approaches for assessing the importance of terms for three tasks: (1) document categorization, which aims to classify documents such as tweets into categories, (2) keyword extraction, which aims to identify and extract the most important words of a document, and (3) keyword association modeling, which aims to identify links between keywords and use them for query expansion. As the focus of text mining is shifting toward datasets that hold user-generated content, for example, social media, the type of data used in the text mining research is changing. The main characteristic of this data is its shortness. For example, a user status update usually contains less than 20 words. When using short documents, the biggest challenge in term weighting comes from the fact that most words of a document occur only once within the document. This is called hapax legomena and we call it Term Frequency = 1, or TF=1 challenge. As many traditional feature weighting approaches, such as Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency, are based on the occurrence frequency of each word within a document, these approaches do not perform well with short documents. The first contribution of this thesis is a term weighting approach for document categorization. This approach is directed to combat the TF=1 challenge by excluding the traditional term frequency from the weighting method. It is replaced by using word distribution among categories and within a single category as the main components. The second contribution of this thesis is a keyword extraction approach that uses three levels of word evaluation: corpus level, cluster level, and document level. I propose novel weighting approaches for all of these levels. This approach is designed to be used with short documents. Finally, the third contribution of this thesis is an approach for keyword association weighting that is used for query expansion. This approach uses, Tämä väitös keskittyy termien painotuksen haasteisiin lyhyissä dokumenteissa. Ehdotan painotusmenetelmiä kolmeen eri osa-alueeseen: (1) dokumenttien kategorisointi, jossa pyritään luokittelemaan muun muassa Twitter viestejä, (2) avainsanojen louhinta, jossa tavoitteena on tunnistaa ja louhia dokumentin tärkeimmät sanat, ja (3) avainsanojen assosiaatiomallinnus, jonka tavoitteena on tunnistaa sanojen välisiä linkkejä ja hyödyntää niitä haun laajennoksessa. Koska tekstinlouhinta keskittyy nykyään käyttäjien luomiin dokumentteihin, kuten esimerkiksi sosiaaliseen mediaan, tekstinlouhinnassa käytetty tieto on muuttumassa. Suurin muutos on tekstin pituus, koska sosiaalisen median viestit ovat usein alle 20 sanaa pitkiä. Tästä seuraa painotuksen suurin haaste: sanat esiintyvät usein pelkästään kerran dokumentin sisällä. Me kutsumme tätä haastetta Term Frequency = 1 (Termi Frekvenssi = 1) tai TF=1 haasteeksi. Tämän haasteen vuoksi useat perinteiset menetelmät, kuten esimerkiksi TF-IDF, ei tuota hyviä tuloksia lyhyissä dokumenteissa. Tämän työn ensimmäinen kontribuutio on termien painotus menetelmä dokumenttien luokitteluun. Menetelmä perustuu sanan esiintymistiheyden korvaamiseen muilla komponenteille, kuten esimerkiksi sanan luokkakohtaisella jakaumalla. Työn toinen kontribuutio on menetelmä avainsanojen louhintaan joka perustuu sanojen hyvyyden arviointiin kolmella eri tasolla: korpus, klusteri ja dokumentti tasoilla. Kolmas kontribuutio keskittyy avainsanojen assosiaatiomallintamiseen. Tässä tavoitteena on löytää vahvasti toisiinsa liittyviä avainsanoja ja hyödyntää näitä linkkejä haun laajennoksessa. Tämän väitöskirjan tärkein löydös on se, että olemassa olevat ja hyväksi havaitut menetelmät jotka on luotu pitkille dokumenteille, eivät toimi lyhyiden dokumenttien kanssa optimaalisesti. Tässä väitöksessä esitetyt uudet menetelmät tuottavat lupaavia menetelmiä kaikilla kokeilluilla osa-alueilla.
- Published
- 2013
28. Improving enzymatic conversion of lignocellulose to platform sugars
- Author
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Várnai, Anikó, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Várnai, Anikó
- Abstract
Increasing demand and uncertain availability of fossil fuels urge us to find alternative resources available in large quantities especially for the petrol-based transportation sector. Lignocellulosic biomass, available worldwide in plant cell walls, is a promising alternative feedstock. It can be depolymerised to sugar monomers, which provide potential raw material for sugar platform-based production of fuels and chemicals. However, the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose to platform sugars is hindered primarily by the complexity of lignocellulosic substrates as well as by the performance of the hydrolytic enzymes involved. This study focuses on various rate limiting factors such as the decrease in the reactivity and accessibility of the substrates which slow down the hydrolysis, on auxiliary enzymes needed for the efficient solubilisation of cellulose, as well as on the adsorption of enzymes. Consequently, solutions to these limitations were sought to improve the efficiency of biomass conversion processes. Following the morphological and structural changes in the substrate during hydrolysis revealed that the average crystal size and crystallinity of cellulose remained constant while particle size generally decreased (Paper I). In particular, cellulose microfibrils were proposed to be hydrolysed one-by-one in fibre aggregates by peeling off cellulose chains layer-by-layer from the outer crystals of microfibril aggregates. Microscopic observation showed that almost intact particles remained in the residue even after 60% conversion. Lignocellulose is a complex network of lignin and polysaccharides. Lignin was found to impede the hydrolysis of cellulose, and its extensive removal doubled the conversion yields of softwood (Paper II). On the other hand, accumulation of lignin during hydrolysis did not affect hydrolysability by commercial cellulase preparations. Residual hemicelluloses, especially glucomannan, were resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis but could be r, Increasing demand and uncertain availability of fossil fuels urge us to find alternative resources available in large quantities especially for the petrol-based transportation sector. At present, first generation bioethanol and biodiesel are produced worldwide from cornstarch, sugarcane and rapeseed oil. However, fuels produced from these raw materials are not considered sustainable. Thus, recent efforts have been directed towards the use of sustainable raw materials, such as residues from forestry and agriculture as well as municipal wastes. Lignocellulosic biomass, available worldwide in plant cell walls, is a promising alternative feedstock for the production of second generation biofuels. However, the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose to platform sugars is hindered primarily by the complexity of lignocellulosic substrates as well as by the performance of the hydrolytic enzymes involved. Therefore, this work focuses on various rate limiting factors such as the decrease in the reactivity and accessibility of the substrates which slow down the hydrolysis, on auxiliary enzymes needed for the efficient solubilisation of cellulose, as well as on the adsorption of enzymes. Consequently, solutions to these limitations were sought to improve the efficiency of biomass conversion processes.
- Published
- 2012
29. Bioprocessing to improve oat bread quality
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Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Flander, Laura, Helsingin yliopisto, maatalous-metsätieteellinen tiedekunta, elintarvike- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, agrikultur-forstvetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för livsmedels- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Flander, Laura
- Abstract
Oats contain a considerable amount of the soluble fibre β-glucan, which has recently received an authorised cholesterol lowering health claim in all member states of the EU. The healthy and natural image of whole grain oats has made them a desirable ingredient for use in breads. However, the absence of gluten-forming proteins and high fibre content pose technological challenges with respect to product texture. Fundamental understanding of the role of oat components on the structure formation of dough and bread is needed to facilitate the development of new healthy variants of oat breads with consumer-appealing properties. This thesis studied the effects of baking and bioprocessing methods, such as the use of sourdough and enzymes, on the chemical and rheological properties of oat doughs, the stability of β-glucan, and the quality attributes of oat breads. A concept was created for using whole grain oat flour as a base in an oat-wheat bread with good textural and sensory quality and high β-glucan content. Ingredient and process parameters for optimised texture and taste of the oat-wheat bread were established without extensive degradation of β-glucan. The use of an optimized sourdough process in the production of oat bread provided a feasible technique for producing a new tasty variant of oat bread with high β-glucan content. The use of enzymes, such as laccase and xylanase, proved highly effective in improving the texture of oat-wheat bread. It was shown in this work that tyrosinase efficiently cross-linked oat protein, which was suggested to improve the textural properties of gluten-free oat bread. The identified positive effects on the baking quality of oat bread encourage the food ingredient and baking industry to apply bioprocessing as a powerful tool for improving the flavour and texture of healthy bakery products., Kaura sisältää runsaasti liukoista kuitua, β-glukaania, jonka kolesterolia alentavat vaikutukset on hiljattain hyväksytty elintarvikkeiden sallittujen terveysväittämien listalle EU:ssa. Täysjyväkauran terveellinen ja luonnollinen imago on tehnyt siitä houkuttelevan raaka-aineen leipomotuotteisiin. Kaura on kuitenkin haasteellinen leivonnan raaka-aine, koska se sisältää paljon kuitua eikä kauraproteiineilla ole vehnälle ominaista sitkonmuodostuskykyä hiivataikinassa. Tarvitaankin lisää tietoa kaurakomponenttien vaikutuksista taikinan ja leivän rakenteeseen, jotta voidaan paremmin muokata kauratuotteille haluttu rakenne ja maku, ilman että kauratuotteiden terveyttä edistävät ominaisuudet menetetään. Tässä työssä tutkittiin leivonnan ja bioprosessoinnin, kuten raskituksen ja entsyymien, vaikutuksia kaurataikinan kemiallisiin ja reologisiin ominaisuuksiin, β-glukaanin stabiilisuuteen ja leivän laatuun. Reseptin ja prosessimuuttujien optimointi mahdollisti 51 % täysjyväkaurajauhoa sisältävän leivän valmistamisen, jolla oli hyvä maku ja rakenne ja suuri β-glukaanipitoisuus. Vehnäraskitusprosessin optimointi osoittautui hyväksi keinoksi tuottaa uusia makuvaihtoehtoja runsaasti β-glukaania sisältävälle kauravehnäleivälle. Entsyymien, kuten lakkaasin ja tyrosinaasin kykyä muokata kauran makropolymeerejä leivontaprosessin aikana tutkittiin joko erikseen tai ksylanaasin kanssa. Lakkaasi ja ksylanaasi lisäsivät täysjyväkauraleivän, gluteenittoman kauraleivän sekä kauravehnäleivän ominaistilavuutta ja tuoreen kauravehnäleivän pehmeyttä. Tyrosinaasi lisäsi tehokkaammin gluteenittoman kauraleivän ominaistilavuutta ja pehmeyttä kuin lakkaasi, erityisesti ksylanaasin kanssa. Tyrosinaasin vaikutus perustui pääosin kauran proteiinien polymeroitumiseen, joka yhdistettynä ksylanaasin katalysoimaan arabinoksylaanin pilkkoutumiseen paransi gluteenittoman kauraleivän ominaistilavuutta ja pehmeyttä. Tulokset osoittavat, että bioprosessointi voisi olla tehokas keino myös muiden terveellisten
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- 2012
30. Application of Financial Risk-reward Theory to Link and Network Optimization
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VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND OULU (FINLAND), Mammela, Aarne O, VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND OULU (FINLAND), and Mammela, Aarne O
- Abstract
In this work, we have introduced a general framework for analysis and optimization of adaptive transmission systems in information-unstable channels. In information-unstable channels, the information density does not converge to a one-point measure and the maximum achievable transmission rate is seen as a random variable because it depends on the actual channel state. For that reason, instead of conventional channel capacity, we propose to use new performance indicators such as expected utility and riskiness that are commonly used to order probability density functions in axiomatic decision theory. We show the analogies between decision theoretic problems and information-theoretic problems in adaptive transmission systems. We present different single-user, multi-user, and multi-terminal communication scenarios and map them to various rationality concepts and uncertainty models in decision theory. To the author's best knowledge, adaptive transmission systems and networks have not been yet analyzed within the framework of rational decision theory., The original document contains color images.
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- 2011
31. Identification of the fungal catabolic D-galacturonate pathway
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Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, biotieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, biovetenskapliga institutionen, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Hilditch, Satu, Helsingin yliopisto, bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta, biotieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, bio- och miljövetenskapliga fakulteten, biovetenskapliga institutionen, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Hilditch, Satu
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Pectin is a natural polymer consisting mainly of D-galacturonic acid monomers. Microorganisms living on decaying plant material can use D-galacturonic acid for growth. Although bacterial pathways for D-galacturonate catabolism had been described previously, no eukaryotic pathway for D-galacturonate catabolism was known at the beginning of this work. The aim of this work was to identify such a pathway. In this thesis the pathway for D-galacturonate catabolism was identified in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The pathway consisted of four enzymes: NADPH-dependent D-galacturonate reductase (GAR1), L-galactonate dehydratase (LGD1), L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate aldolase (LGA1) and NADPH-dependent glyceraldehyde reductase (GLD1). In this pathway D-galacturonate was converted to pyruvate and glycerol via L-galactonate, L-threo-3-deoxy-hexulosonate and L-glyceraldehyde. The enzyme activities of GAR1, LGD1 and LGA1 were present in crude mycelial extract only when T. reesei was grown on D-galacturonate. The activity of GLD1 was equally present on all the tested carbon sources. The corresponding genes were identified either by purifying and sequencing the enzyme or by expressing genes with homology to other similar enzymes in a heterologous host and testing the activities. The new genes that were identified were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and resulted in active enzymes. The GAR1, LGA1 and GLD1 were also produced in S. cerevisiae as active enzymes with a polyhistidine-tag, and purified and characterised. GAR1 and LGA1 catalysed reversible reactions, whereas only the forward reactions were observed for LGD1 and GLD1. When gar1, lgd1 or lga1 was deleted in T. reesei the deletion strain was unable to grow with D-galacturonate as the only carbon source, demonstrating that all the corresponding enzymes were essential for D-galacturonate catabolism and that no alternative D-galacturonate pathway exists in T. reesei. A challenge for biotechnology is to convert ch, Pektiini on luonnon polymeeri, joka koostuu pääasiassa D-galakturonihappomonomeereista. Lahoavalla kasviaineksella elävät mikro-organismit pystyvät käyttämään D-galakturonihappoa kasvamiseen. Aiemmin on löydetty bakteerien D-galakturonaattia hajottavia aineenvaihduntareittejä mutta aitotumallisten vastaavia reittejä ei ole tunnettu. Tämän työn tarkoitus oli selvittää, kuinka aitotumalliset hajottavat D-galakturonaattia. Tässä työssä D-galakturonaatin hajotusreitti löydettiin Trichoderma reesei -homesienestä. Reitin neljä entsyymiä olivat NADPH:sta riippuvainen D-galakturonaattireduktaasi (GAR1), L-galaktonaattidehydrataasi (LGD1), L-treo-3-deoksiheksulosonaattialdolaasi (LGA1) ja NADPH:sta riippuvainen glyseraldehydireduktaasi (GLD1). Tällä aineenvaihduntareitillä D-galakturonaatti muutettiin pyruvaatiksi ja glyseroliksi. Reitin välituotteet olivat L-galaktonaatti, L-treo-3-deoksiheksulosonaatti ja L-glyseraldehydi. Entsyymien GAR1, LGD1 ja LGA1 aktiivisuus voitiin mitata myseeliekstrakteista vain, kun T. reesei oli kasvatettu D-galakturonaatilla. GLD1-entsyymin aktiivisuus oli läsnä kaikilla testatuilla hiilenlähteillä. Reitin entsyymejä vastaavat geenit selvitettiin joko puhdistamalla ja sekvensoimalla entsyymi tai ilmentämällä geenejä, jotka olivat homologisia muiden samankaltaisten entsyymien kanssa, heterologisessa isännässä ja mittaamalla entsyymiaktiivisuutta. Kaikki löydetyt geenit ilmennettiin Saccharomyces cerevisiae -hiivasienessä ja tuotetut entsyymit olivat aktiivisia. Entsyymit GAR1, LGA1 ja GLD1 tuotettiin S. cerevisiae -hiivasienessä aktiivisena myös polyhistidiinihännän kanssa, ja ne puhdistettiin ja niiden ominaisuuksia tutkittiin. GAR1 ja LGA1 katalysoivat reaktiota molempiin suuntiin, kun taas LGD1:llä ja GLD1:llä voitiin nähdä vain yhdensuuntainen reaktio. Kun geeni gar1, lgd1 tai lga1 poistettiin T. reesei -homesienestä, tuotettu kanta ei pystynyt kasvamaan käyttäen D-galakturonaattia ainoana hiilenlähteenä. Se osoitti, että vastaavat entsyymit
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- 2010
32. Dietary carbohydrate modification alters serum metabolic profiles in individuals with the metabolic syndrome
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Lankinen, Maria A., Schwab, Ursula S., Gopalacharyulu, Peddinti, Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki E. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland Author ID: 55949278200 Follow this Author, Yetukuri, L., Sysi-Aho, Marko, Kallio, Petteri, Suortti, Tapani M., Laaksonen, David E., Gylling, Helena K., Poutanen, Kaisa S., Kolehmainen, Marjukka, Oresic, Matej, Lankinen, Maria A., Schwab, Ursula S., Gopalacharyulu, Peddinti, Seppänen-Laakso, Tuulikki E. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland Author ID: 55949278200 Follow this Author, Yetukuri, L., Sysi-Aho, Marko, Kallio, Petteri, Suortti, Tapani M., Laaksonen, David E., Gylling, Helena K., Poutanen, Kaisa S., Kolehmainen, Marjukka, and Oresic, Matej
- Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Whole-grain cereals and diets with a low glycemic index may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the effect of carbohydrate modification on serum metabolic profiles, including lipids and branched chain amino acids, and dependencies between these and specific gene expression pathways in adipose tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty subjects with metabolic syndrome were selected from the larger FUNGENUT study population, randomized either to a diet high in oat and wheat bread and potato (OWP) or rye bread and pasta (RP). Serum metabolomics analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), gas chromatography (GC) and UPLC. In the OWP group multiple proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines increased, while in the RP group docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) increased and isoleucine decreased. mRNA expression of stress reactions- and adipose tissue differentiation-related genes were up-regulated in adipose tissue in the OWP group. In the RP group, however, pathways related to stress reactions and insulin signaling and energy metabolism were down-regulated. The lipid profiles had the strongest association with the changes in the adipose tissue differentiation pathway when using the elastic net regression model of the lipidomic profiles on selected pathways. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the dietary carbohydrate modification alters the serum metabolic profile, especially in lysoPC species, and may, thus, contribute to proinflammatory processes which in turn promote adverse changes in insulin and glucose metabolism., Funding agencies:Fazer bakeries LtdVaasan Et Vaasan oyTechnology Development Center of FinlandAcademy of Finland 117996 209445 210449Sigrid Juselius Foundation
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- 2010
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33. Purification of pharmaceuticals and nutraceutical compounds by sub- and supercritical extraction and chromatography
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Helsingin yliopisto, farmasian tiedekunta, Helsingfors universitet, farmaceutiska fakulteten, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, VTT The Technical Research Centre of Finland, Alkio, Martti, Helsingin yliopisto, farmasian tiedekunta, Helsingfors universitet, farmaceutiska fakulteten, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Pharmacy, VTT The Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Alkio, Martti
- Abstract
This thesis discusses the use of sub- and supercritical fluids as the medium in extraction and chromatography. Super- and subcritical extraction was used to separate essential oils from herbal plant Angelica archangelica. The effect of extraction parameters was studied and sensory analyses of the extracts were done by an expert panel. The results of the sensory analyses were compared to the analytically determined contents of the extracts. Sub- and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was used to separate and purify high-value pharmaceuticals. Chiral SFC was used to separate the enantiomers of racemic mixtures of pharmaceutical compounds. Very low (cryogenic) temperatures were applied to substantially enhance the separation efficiency of chiral SFC. The thermodynamic aspects affecting the resolving ability of chiral stationary phases are briefly reviewed. The process production rate which is a key factor in industrial chromatography was optimized by empirical multivariate methods. General linear model was used to optimize the separation of omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters from esterized fish oil by using reversed-phase SFC. Chiral separation of racemic mixtures of guaifenesin and ferulic acid dimer ethyl ester was optimized by using response surface method with three variables per time. It was found that by optimizing four variables (temperature, load, flowate and modifier content) the production rate of the chiral resolution of racemic guaifenesin by cryogenic SFC could be increased severalfold compared to published results of similar application. A novel pressure-compensated design of industrial high pressure chromatographic column was introduced, using the technology developed in building the deep-sea submersibles (Mir 1 and 2). A demonstration SFC plant was built and the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporine A was purified to meet the requirements of US Pharmacopoeia. A smaller semi-pilot size column with similar design was used for cryogenic chiral separation, Ylikriittinen teknologia mahdollistaa ympäristöystävällisten liuottimien, kuten hiilidioksidin käytön lääkeaineiden ja terveysvaikutteisten aineiden tuotannossa. Toisin kuin monet orgaaniset liuottimet, korkeapaineinen hiilidioksidi on hinnaltaan edullinen, myrkytön, palamaton ja ennen kaikkea helposti kierrätettävissä. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy korkeapainehiilidioksidin käyttöön uutto- ja kromatografialiuottimena arvokomponenttien erotuksessa. Hiilidioksidia voidaan käyttää sellaisenaan lipofiilisten yhdisteiden kuten haihtuvaöljyjen, rasvahappomonoestereiden tai triglyseridien prosessoinnissa. Sen ominaisuuksia voidaan helposti muokata, lisäämällä siihen alkoholeja, mikä tekee hiilidioksidista liuotuskykyisen monille lääkeaineille. Korkeapainehiilidioksidi on hyvä liuotin, mm. Väinönputken (Angelica), katajanmarjan ja pomeranssinkuoriöljyjen uutossa. Sitä on käytetty myös kolesterolin poistoon mm. meijerituotteista ja munankeltuaisjauheesta. Tässä väitöskirjassa tarkastellaan uutto-olosuhteiden vaikutusta Väinönputkesta uutetun juuriesanssin laatuun. Vaitöskirjassa käsitellään myös yli- ja alikriittisen hiilidioksidin käyttöä korkeapainekromatografian liikkuvana faasina, joko sellaisenaan tai alkoholimodifioituna. Silika- ja C18-käänteisfaaseilla erotettiin syklosporiineja (hylkimisen estoaineita elinsiirroissa) ja omega-3 rasvahappojen monoestereitä, vastaavasti. Kiraalisia eli epäsymmetrisiä molekyylejä erotettiin peilikuvaisomeereistansa käyttäen kiraalisia stationäärifaaseja ja eluenttina nestemäistä hiilidioksidia hyvin kylmissä olossa. Prosessien ajo-olosuhteiden optimointiin kehitettiin empiirinen tilastollinen menetelmä, joilla laskennalliset tuotantonopeudet saatiin maksimoitua. Työssä kehitettiin myös rakenteeltaan täysin uusi painekompensoitu korkeapainekolonni, käyttäen hyväksi Suomessa kehitettyjen syvänmeren sukelluslaitteiden (Mir 1 ja 2) rakentamisessa saavutettua teknologiaa. Näiden kolonnien ympärille rakennettiin koetehdasmittainen kromatografi
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- 2008
34. The effect of lignin content and lignin modification on Norway spruce wood properties and decay resistance
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Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Raiskila, Sanni, Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Raiskila, Sanni
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Three different Norway spruce cutting clones growing in three environments with different soil and climatic conditions were studied. The purpose was to follow variation in the radial growth rate, wood properties and lignin content and to modify wood lignin with a natural monolignol, coniferyl alcohol, by making use of inherent wood peroxidases. In addition, the incorporation of chlorinated anilines into lignin was studied with synthetic model compounds and synthetic lignin preparations to show whether unnatural compounds originating from pesticides could be bound in the lignin polymer. The lignin content of heartwood, sapwood and earlywood was determined by applying Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a principal component regression (PCR) technique. Wood blocks were treated with coniferyl alcohol by using a vacuum impregnation method. The effect of impregnation was assessed by FTIR and by a fungal decay test. Trees from a fertile site showed the highest growth rate and sapwood lignin content and the lowest latewood proportion, weight density and modulus of rupture (MOR). Trees from a medium fertile site had the lowest growth rate and the highest latewood proportion, weight density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and MOR. The most rapidly growing clone showed the lowest latewood proportion, weight density, MOE and MOR. The slowest growing clone had the lowest sapwood lignin content and the highest latewood proportion, weight density, MOE and MOR. Differences between the sites and clones were small, while fairly large variation was found between the individual trees and growing seasons. The cutting clones maintained clone-dependent wood properties in the different growing sites although variation between trees was high and climatic factors affected growth. The coniferyl alcohol impregnation increased the content of different lignin-type phenolic compounds in the wood as well as wood decay resistance against a white-rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. During, Työssä tutkittiin kolmea erilaista kuusipistokaskloonia, jotka kasvavat kolmella maaperä- ja ilmasto-olosuhteiltaan erilaisella kasvupaikalla. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää sädekasvunopeuden, puun ominaisuuksien ja ligniinipitoisuuden vaihtelua sekä modifioida ligniiniä luonnollisella monomeerilla, koniferyylialkoholilla, käyttäen hyväksi puussa olevia peroksidaasientsyymejä. Työssä tutkittiin myös torjunta-aineiden hajoamistuotteiden, kloorattujen aniliinien, sitoutumista ligniinipolymeeriin synteettisten malliaineiden ja synteettisen ligniinin avulla. Sydän-, pinta- ja kevätpuun ligniinipitoisuus määritettiin infrapunaspektroskopian (FTIR) ja pääkomponenttiregression (PCR) avulla. Puunäytteet käsiteltiin koniferyylialkoholilla alipainekyllästysmenetelmää käyttäen. Käsittelyn vaikutus arvioitiin FTIR:llä ja puun kestävyys testattiin lahotuskokeen avulla. Viljavalla kasvupaikalla kuusen kasvunopeus ja pintapuun ligniinipitoisuus olivat suurimmat mutta kesäpuuosuus, tiheys ja murtolujuus pienimmät. Kasvunopeus oli pienin karulla kasvupaikalla, kun taas kesäpuuosuus ja tiheys olivat suurimmat ja lujuusominaisuudet parhaimmat. Nopeimmin kasvaneen kloonin kesäpuuosuus ja tiheys olivat pienimmät ja lujuusominaisuudet heikoimmat. Hitaimmin kasvaneen kloonin pintapuun ligniinipitoisuus oli pienin, kesäpuuosuus ja tiheys suurimmat ja lujuusominaisuudet parhaimmat. Kasvupaikkojen ja kloonien väliset erot olivat pieniä, kun taas yksittäisten puiden ja kasvukausien välinen vaihtelu oli melko suurta. Koniferyylialkoholi-käsittely lisäsi puun ligniinin kaltaisten fenolisten yhdisteiden pitoisuutta ja kestävyyttä valkolahottajasientä (Coriolus versicolor) vastaan. 3,4-dikloorianiliini sitoutui synteettisen ligniinin β-O-4 rakenteisiin bentsyyliamiinisidoksella. Havainnot osoittivat, että pistokaskloonien ominaisuudet säilyivät eri kasvupaikoilla, vaikka puiden välinen vaihtelu oli suurta ja ilmastotekijät vaikuttivat kasvuun. Luonnollista monomeeria, koniferyylialkoholi
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- 2008
35. Transcriptome and proteome analysis of xylose-metabolising Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Salusjärvi, Laura, Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, and Salusjärvi, Laura
- Abstract
Increasing concern about global climate warming has accelerated research into renewable energy sources that could replace fossil petroleum-based fuels and materials. Bioethanol production from cellulosic biomass by fermentation with baker s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most studied areas in this field. The focus has been on metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae for utilisation of the pentose sugars, in particular D-xylose that is abundant in the hemicellulose fraction of biomass. Introduction of a heterologous xylose-utilisation pathway into S. cerevisiae enables xylose fermentation, but ethanol yield and productivity do not reach the theoretical level. In the present study, transcription, proteome and metabolic flux analyses of recombinant xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae expressing the genes encoding xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from Pichia stipitis and the endogenous xylulokinase were carried out to characterise the global cellular responses to metabolism of xylose. The aim of these studies was to find novel ways to engineer cells for improved xylose fermentation. The analyses were carried out from cells grown on xylose and glucose both in batch and chemostat cultures. A particularly interesting observation was that several proteins had post-translationally modified forms with different abundance in cells grown on xylose and glucose. Hexokinase 2, glucokinase and both enolase isoenzymes 1 and 2 were phosphorylated differently on the two different carbon sources studied. This suggests that phosphorylation of glycolytic enzymes may be a yet poorly understood means to modulate their activity or function. The results also showed that metabolism of xylose affected the gene expression and abundance of proteins in pathways leading to acetyl-CoA synthesis and altered the metabolic fluxes in these pathways. Additionally, the analyses showed increased expression and abundance of several other genes and proteins involved in cellular r, Ilmaston lämpeneminen ja fossiilisten polttoaineiden rajallisuus on lisännyt kiinnostusta uusiutuvista raaka-aineista valmistettaviin polttoaineisiin ja tuotteisiin. Polttoaine-etanoli, joka on tuotettu fermentoimalla kasviperäistä selluloosaa ja hemiselluloosaa sisältävää kasvimateriaalia, on paljon tutkittu vaihtoehto fossiilisille polttoaineille. Kaikkien kasvimateriaalissa olevien sokereiden hyödyntäminen on tärkeää etanolin tuotannon taloudelliselle kannattavuudelle. Laajalti etanolin tuottoon käytettävä leivinhiiva S. cerevisiae fermentoi kuitenkin tehokkaasti vain glukoosia ja heksoosisokereita eikä kykene käyttämään hemiselluloosassa suhteellisen runsaana esiintyvää viisihiilistä pentoosisokeria ksyloosia. Ksyloosin käytön mahdollistavat entsyymit ksyloosireduktaasi ja ksylitolidehydrogenaasi, joita ilmentävät geenit on siirretty leivinhiivaan Pichia stipitis -hiivasta. Ksyloosia käyttävät muuntogeeniset leivinhiivakannat tuottavat ksyloosista etanolia, mutta etanolin saanto ja tuottonopeus eivät vielä yllä toivotulle tasolle. Tässä työssä on etsitty uusia keinoja parantaa leivinhiivan ksyloosin fermentointikykyä vertaamalla ksyloosia käyttävän leivinhiivan ksyloosiaineenvaihduntaa glukoosiaineenvaihduntaan DNA-sirujen, proteomiikan ja aineenvaihduntavuoiden mallintamisen avulla. Tulokset osoittavat, että ksyloosi ei kykene glukoosin tavoin vaimentamaan leivinhiivassa sitruunahappokierron, glyoksylaattisyklin ja glukoneogeneesin proteiineja ilmentäviä geenejä eikä useita muita geenejä, jotka liittyvät muiden hiilen lähteiden kuin sokereiden käyttöön. Ksyloosin käyttö muutti myös asetyyli-CoA:n valmistukseen liittyvien geenien ilmentymistä sekä asetyyli-CoA:n aineenvaihduntareitillä olevien proteiinien määriä. Lisäksi ksyloosin käyttö aktivoi geenejä, joiden ilmentyminen on aiemmin liitetty hiilen lähteen ja ravinteiden loppumiseen. Mielenkiintoinen havainto oli, että glykolyysiin osallistuvat entsyymit heksokinaasi, glukokinaasi ja enolaasi fosforyloituivat
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- 2008
36. Self-assembly of hydrophobin proteins from the fungus Trichoderma reesei
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Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Institute of Biotechnology, Programme for Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Helsinki, National Graduate School in Informational and Structural Biology, Szilvay, Géza R., Helsingin yliopisto, biotieteellinen tiedekunta, bio- ja ympäristötieteiden laitos, Helsingfors universitet, biovetenskapliga fakulteten, institutionen för bio- och miljövetenskaper, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Institute of Biotechnology, Programme for Structural Biology and Biophysics, University of Helsinki, National Graduate School in Informational and Structural Biology, and Szilvay, Géza R.
- Abstract
Hydrophobins are small surface active proteins that are produced by filamentous fungi. The surface activity of hydrophobin proteins leads to the formation of a film at the air-water interface and adsorption to surfaces. The formation of these hydrophobin films and coatings is important in many stages of fungal development. Furthermore, these properties make hydrophobins interesting for potential use in technical applications. The surfactant-like properties of hydrophobins from Trichoderma reesei were studied at the air-water interface, at solid surfaces, and in solution. The hydrophobin HFBI was observed to spontaneously form a cohesive film on a water drop. The film was imaged using atomic force microscopy from both sides, revealing a monomolecular film with a defined molecular structure. The use of hydrophobins as surface immobilization carriers for enzymes was studied using fusion proteins of HFBI or HFBII and an enzyme. Furthermore, sitespecifically modified variants of HFBI were shown to retain their ability to selfassemble at interfaces and to be able to bind a second layer of proteins by biomolecular recognition. In order to understand the function of hydrophobins at interfaces, an understanding of their overall behavior and self-assembly is needed. HFBI and HFBII were shown to associate in solution into dimers and tetramers in a concentration-dependent manner. The association dynamics and protein-protein interactions of HFBI and HFBII were studied using Förster resonance energy transfer and size exclusion chromatography. It was shown that the surface activity of HFBI is not directly dependent on the formation of multimers in solution., Hydrofobiinit ovat rihmasienten tuottamia pieniä pinta-aktiivisia proteiineja. Pinta-aktiivisina molekyyleinä hydrofobiiniproteiinit muodostavat kalvon ilman ja veden rajapinnalle sekä kiinnittyvät kiinteille pinnoille. Näiden kalvojen ja pinnoitteiden muodostuminen on tärkeää monissa rihmasienen yksilönkehityksen vaiheissa. Lisäksi nämä ominaisuudet tekevät hydrofobiineista kiinnostavia molekyylejä teknisiin sovelluksiin. Trichoderma reesei -homeen tuottamien HFBI- ja HFBII-hydrofobiinien pintaaktiivisuusominaisuuksia tutkittiin ilman ja veden rajapinnalla, kiinteillä pinnoilla sekä liuoksessa. HFBI-hydrofobiinin havaittiin muodostavan yhtenäisen kalvon vesipisaran pinnalle. Kalvon molemmat puolet kuvattiin atomivoimamikroskoopilla ja osoitettiin, että kalvo on muodostunut yhdestä hydrofobiinimolekyylikerroksesta, jolla on hyvin järjestäytynyt molekyylitason rakenne. Entsyymien kiinnittämistä pinnoille hydrofobiinien avulla tutkittiin käyttäen HFBI:n tai HFBII:n ja mallientsyymin fuusioproteiineja. Lisäksi osoitettiin, että kohdennetusti muokattu HFBI-muunnos säilyttää kykynsä itsejärjestäytyä rajapinnoilla ja kykenee sitomaan hydrofobiini-kalvon päälle toisen proteiinikerroksen käyttäen biomolekulaarista tunnistusta. Ymmärtääksemme paremmin hydrofobiinien pinta-aktiivisuusominaisuuksia on tarpeen tuntea hydrofobiinien yleisiä ominaisuuksia ja itsejärjestäytymistä. HFBI sekä HFBII yhdistyvät vesiliuoksessa dimeereiksi ja tetrameereiksi, ja reaktio on riippuvainen proteiinien pitoisuudesta. Liuos-multimeerien muodostumisen dynamiikan ja proteiinien välisten vuorovaikutusten tutkimiseen käytettiin Försterresonanssienergiansiirtomenetelmää sekä geelisuodatuskromatografiaa. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että HFBI:n pinta-aktiivisuus ei ole suoraan riippuvainen liuosmultimeerien muodostumisesta.
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- 2007
37. Flexible Expert System for Automated On-Line Diagnosis of Tool Condition
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TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND HELSINKI, Jantunen, Erkki, Jokinen, Harri, Milne, Robert, TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND HELSINKI, Jantunen, Erkki, Jokinen, Harri, and Milne, Robert
- Abstract
An increasing number of Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) have been installed in Europe during the past few years. The general experience is that the availability of the FMS is not as high as was originally expected and especially their unmanned use during three shifts has not been successful. One of the major problems is the deterioration or failure of the tools. To develop a system to address this, a wide cutting test and analysis program for tool wear was performed. The test program covered both shank end and end mills together with twist drills and tread taps. For monitoring the tool wear a number of monitoring methods such as vibration, acoustic emission, sound, spindle power and current, axial force, torque were tested. The relations between the analysed signals and tool wear form a basis for the diagnosis rules that are used in an diagnostic expert system module. An expert system for automated on-line diagnosis of tool wear of different types of tools was built using a new approach. In this approach the faults are described in a fault tree database and the corresponding features of condition monitoring signals together with the machine status information are described in a symptom tree database. Using a rule synthesizer program the information gathered in the databases is automatically converted to expert system code., This article is from 'Technology Showcase: Integrated Monitoring, Diagnostics and Failure Prevention. Proceedings of a Joint Conference, Mobile, Alabama, April 22-26, 1996, AD-A325 558, p1-10.
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- 1996
38. Interactions of environmental and safety measures for sustainable road transportation.
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VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LTD, University of Michigan. Sustainable Worldwide Transportation, Luoma, Juha, Sivak, Michael, University of Michigan. Transportation Research Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LTD, University of Michigan. Sustainable Worldwide Transportation, Luoma, Juha, Sivak, Michael, and University of Michigan. Transportation Research Institute
- Abstract
This study examined interactions of environmental and safety measures for road, transportation. The results showed that a vast majority of the examined measures support, both policy objectives and thereby contribute effectively to sustainable transportation., However, there were also measures with conflicting effects, although the number of those, measures was limited. In addition, there were a number of measures with no interaction., Furthermore, many potential effects were not documented and therefore in many instances, only likely effects were noted., There are two practical implications of this study. First, those measures that result in, double benefits should be encouraged to be implemented. Second, in case of conflicting, measures, the specific implementations should attempt to minimize the negative effects.
39. Intercomparison exercise on difficult to measure radionuclides in activated concrete—statistical analysis and comparison with activation calculations
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Jacques Bubendorff, Kristian Otto Aleksi Kurhela, Antti Räty, Susanna Salminen-Paatero, Pascal Fichet, Elodie Laporte, Julia Pauliina Laurila, Anumaija Leskinen, Margaux Giuliani, Tommi Kekki, Celine Gautier, Department of Chemistry, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d’analyse en soutien aux exploitants (LASE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), TKK Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, and CEA, Contributeur MAP
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nuclear decommissioning ,SAMPLES ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Nuclear engineering ,116 Chemical sciences ,ion exchange ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear decommissioning ,Analytical Chemistry ,NUCLEAR-WASTE ,Statistical analysis ,Intercomparison ,activated concrete ,Spectroscopy ,CA-41 ,Radioactive waste ,Pollution ,Difficult to measure radionuclides ,Decommissioning waste ,extraction chromatography ,[CHIM.INOR] Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry ,Biological shield ,C-14 ,Intercomparison exercise ,[CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry ,010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,ISO 13 ,ISO 13528 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Radionuclide ,Measure (data warehouse) ,H-3 ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,FE-55 ,0104 chemical sciences ,beta emitters ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,ISO 13,528 ,Environmental science ,Radiochemical analysis ,liquid scintillation counting ,NI-63 ,Concrete - Abstract
This paper reports the results obtained in a Nordic Nuclear Safety Research project during the second intercomparison exercise for the determination of difficult to measure radionuclides in decommissioning waste. Eight laboratories participated by carrying out radiochemical analysis of 3H, 14C, 36Cl, 41Ca, 55Fe and 63Ni in an activated concrete. In addition, gamma emitters, namely 152Eu and 60Co, were analysed. The assigned values were derived from the submitted results according to ISO 13,528 standard and the performance assessments were determined using z scores. The measured results were compared with activation calculation result showing varying degree of comparability.
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- 2021
40. Selling the Value of Complex Data-Based Solution for Industrial Customers
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Tuija Rantala, Tiina Valjakka, Kirsi Kokkonen, Lea Hannola, Mira Timperi, Leo Torvikoski, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Lappeenranta University of Technology [Finlande] (LUT), Eurostep Oy, Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Xavier Boucher, Hamideh Afsarmanesh, Camarinha-Matos, Luis M., Boucher, Xavier, and Afsarmanesh, Hamideh
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data-based solution ,010102 general mathematics ,05 social sciences ,business-to-business sales ,01 natural sciences ,Business ecosystem ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,data-based service ,manufacturing industry ,Customer value ,0502 economics and business ,0101 mathematics ,050203 business & management - Abstract
International audience; Selling complex data-based solutionsis multifaceted as ecosystem actors perceive the value differently during the product lifecycle. The purpose of this paper is to study data-based solution sales in business ecosystems by presenting findings from ninerecent interviews withmanufacturing industryprofessionals. The results are demonstrated intwo categories:1) challenges in sharing, selling and buying data, and 2) the value of data for different actors in an ecosystem-like business environment. The managerial implications consist of clarifying the scattered viewpoints for selling data-based solutionsand value formulation for different actorsin an ecosystem. Theoretical contributions provide important aspects for the gap betweenbusiness and sales research of data-based solutions,as current literature mainly focuseson the technical aspects.
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- 2021
41. Creep properties of 9Cr and 14Cr ODS tubes tested by inner gas pressure
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N. Mozzani, Mario Walter, L. Frank, E. Oñorbe, A. Ulbricht, M. Hernández-Mayoral, S. Gicquel, Denis Sornin, U. Ehrnstén, J. Rantala, Jarir Aktaa, Y. de Carlan, A. Hobt, Laboratoire des Technologies des Matériaux EXtrêmes (LTMEx), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), EDF Lab Les Renardières, Mechanics and Materials of Components Departement, 77250, Ecuelles, France, Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart] (MPA), Materialprüfungsanstalt Universität Stuttgart, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), European Project: 621195,EC:FP7:SP1-JTI,FCH-JU-2013-1,MATISSE(2014), and Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart]
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010302 applied physics ,Cladding (metalworking) ,Tube creep test ,Structural material ,Materials science ,Nuclear fuel ,Metallurgy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Metals and Alloys ,02 engineering and technology ,[SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph] ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,ODS steel ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Clamping ,Inner gas pressure ,Creep ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Tube (fluid conveyance) ,Failure mode and effects analysis ,021102 mining & metallurgy - Abstract
International audience; Oxide-dispersion strengthened steels are promising materials for extreme service conditions including nuclear reactors core. In service conditions, nuclear fuel claddings are exposed to the fission gas pressure at temperatures about 700 °C. This paper presents novel results on ODS creep properties from a round robin of inner gas pressure creep test. A gas pressure creep test, simulating fission gas loading, was designed and achieved by four different European teams. Lifetime and specific behavior of ODS steel tube are prospected. Based on a mechanical clamping achieving gas tightness, short length tubes samples are tested by different laboratories. In situ laser measurements exhibit the radial expansion of ODS steel tubes before failure. Post-mortem, geometrical characterizations are performed to determine hoop strains at failure. A consistent creep lifetime is observed by all the teams even with slightly different testing apparatus and clamping systems. Under inner gas pressure, ODS steels exhibit a typical failure by leakage associated to a very small radial expansion. This behavior results from a brutal failure (burst) without evidence of tertiary creep stage. This failure mode of ODS cladding in creep conditions is consistently observed on all samples of the study. Inner gas pressure creep tests were compared, for the first time, by four European laboratories on ODS steel tube. This technique, simulating the fission gas pressure loading, is applied on small and mechanically clamped samples. This technique shows a remarkable consistency between the different laboratories results and demonstrates to be efficient for ODS steel cladding tube qualification. The results show a correlation between the creep properties and the microstructure.
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- 2021
42. Electrically Conductive Thin Films Based on Nanofibrillated Cellulose: Interactions with Water and Applications in Humidity Sensing
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Leena-Sisko Johansson, Maryam Borghei, Katariina Solin, Hubert Perrot, Ozlem Sel, Orlando J. Rojas, Hannes Orelma, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Sorbonne University, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Bio-based Colloids and Materials, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), and University of British Columbia (UBC)
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Materials science ,humidity sensing conductive ink nanocellulose carbon nanotubes quartz crystal microbalance with impedance measurement (QCM-I) viscoelastic properties water interactions ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,humidity sensing ,010402 general chemistry ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Nanocellulose ,law.invention ,Electrical resistance and conductance ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,law ,[CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,General Materials Science ,Relative humidity ,quartz crystal microbalance with impedance measurement (QCM-I) ,Composite material ,Thin film ,nanocellulose ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,carbon nanotubes ,Humidity ,conductive ink ,viscoelastic properties ,Quartz crystal microbalance ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Humidity sensing ,water interactions ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
openaire: EC/H2020/760876/EU//INNPAPER | openaire: EC/H2020/788489/EU//BioELCell TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as humidity-responsive films and evaluated using electroacoustic admittance (quartz crystal microbalance with impedance monitoring, QCM-I) and electrical resistivity. Water uptake and swelling phenomena were investigated in a range of relative humidity (% RH) between 30 and 60% and temperatures between 25 and 50 °C. The presence of CNT endowed fibril networks with high water accessibility, enabling fast and sensitive response to changes in humidity, with mass gains of up to 20%. The TOCNF-based sensors became viscoelastic upon water uptake, as quantified by the Martin-Granstaff model. Sensing elements were supported on glass and paper substrates and confirmed a wide window of operation in terms of cyclic % RH, bending, adhesion, and durability. The electrical resistance of the supported films increased by ∼15% with changes in % RH from 20 to 60%. The proposed system offers a great potential to monitor changes in smart packaging.
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- 2020
43. Predicting rotation for ITER via studies of intrinsic torque and momentum transport in DIII-D
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Salmi, A. [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland]
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- 2017
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44. Overview of the JET preparation for deuterium-tritium operation with the ITER like-wall Recent citations
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Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., García-Muñoz, M., Gardener, M., Garzotti, L., Gaspar, J., Gaudio, P., Gear, D., Gebhart, T., Gee, S., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., George, R., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Ghezzi, F., Giacalone, J.C., Giacomelli, L., Giacometti, G., Gibson, K., Giegerich, T., Gil, L., Gilbert, M.R., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Giroud, C., Glöggler, S., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Goloborodko, V., Gomes, R., Gonçalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Görler, T., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graves, J.P., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griffiths, J., Griph, S., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Gruca, M., Guard, D., Guérard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gulati, S., Gurl, C., Gutierrez-Milla, A., Utoh, H.H., Hackett, L., Hacquin, S., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S., Hallworth-Cook, S., Ham, C., Hamed, M., Hamilton, N., Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Hancu, G., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D.R., Haupt, T., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N.C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O., Hender, T.C., Henderson, S.S., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Herfindal, J., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Higginson, W., Highcock, E.G., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Ho, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C.H.A., Hogeweij, G.M.D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Hölzl, M., Honore, J.-J., Hook, M., Hopley, D., Horáček, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A., Horton, L.D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S.P., Howell, R., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T.M., Hughes, M., Hughes, J., Huijsmans, G.T.A., Huynh, P., Hynes, A., Igaune, I., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imríšek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jackson, A., Jackson, T., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jaulmes, F., Jednoróg, S., Jenkins, I., Jepu, I., Johnson, T., Johnson, R., 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A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwon, O.J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lalousis, P., Lam, N., Lamb, C., Lambertz, H.T., Lang, P.T., Lanthaler, S., Lascas Neto, E., Łaszyńska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, K.D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leach, R., Learoyd, G., Leerink, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H.J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichauer, P., Leichtle, D., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lepiavko, B., Leppänen, J., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lescinskis, B., Lesnoj, S., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, Y., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Lloyd, B., Lo Schiavo, V.P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P.J., Lönnroth, J., López, J.M., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Loughlin, M., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C.P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lunt, T., Lupelli, I., Lutsenko, V., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Macusova, E., Magesh, B., Maggi, C., Maggiora, R., Mahesan, S., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malinowski, K., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manduchi, G., Manso, M.E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marconato, N., Mariani, A., Marin, M., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovič, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marsh, J., Martin, A., Martin De Aguilera, A., Martín-Solís, J.R., Martone, R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G.F., Matveev, D., Matveeva, E., Mauriya, A., Maviglia, F., May-Smith, T., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M.L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., McCarthy, P.J., McClements, K.G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P.A., Mcdonald, D., McHardy, M., McKean, R., McKehon, J., McNamee, L., Meadowcroft, C., Meakins, A., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A.G., Meisl, G., Meiter, S., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merle, A., Merriman, P., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Michling, R., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Milocco, A., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miron, I., Mistry, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynář, J., Moiseenko, V., Monaghan, P., Monakhov, I., Moon, S., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Morales, J., Moran, J., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moro, F., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Mrowetz, T., Muir, A., Muraglia, M., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Muscat, P., Muthusonai, N., Myers, C., Asakura, N.N., N’Konga, B., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Naish, J., Nakano, T., Napoli, F., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M.F.F., Nedzelskiy, I., Nemtsev, G., Nesenevich, V., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V.S., Newman, M., Ng, S., Nicassio, M., Nielsen, A.H., Nina, D., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nobs, C.R., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Normanton, R., Noterdaeme, J.M., Nowak, S., Nunes, I., O’Gorman, T., O’Mullane, M., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M.T., Okabayashi, M., Oliver, H., Olney, R., Omoregie, L., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Osborne, T., Otin, R., Owen, A., Owen, T., Paccagnella, R., Packer, L.W., Pajuste, E., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Papp, G., Parail, V., Pardanaud, C., Parra Diaz, F., Parsloe, A., Parsons, N., Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Passeri, M., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Paz Soldan, C., Peackoc, A., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Penzo, J., Pepperell, K., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, C., Pericoli, V., Peruzzo, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petržilka, V., Philipps, V., Pigatto, L., Pillon, M., Pinches, S., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires de Sa, W., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Piron, C., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plyusnin, V., Poli, F.M., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O.G., Pool, P., Popovichev, S., Poradziński, M., Porfiri, M.T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Poulipoulis, G., Powell, T., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Predebon, I., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Primetzhofer, D., Prior, P., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M.E., Purahoo, K., Pusztai, I., Pütterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M., Raj, P., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C.J., Rasmussen, D., Rasmussen, J.J., Rathod, K., Rattá, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rebai, M., Reed, A., Réfy, D., Regaña, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S.D.A., Reynolds, S., Ricci, D., Richiusa, M., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F.G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Rivero-Rodriguez, J., Roach, C., Robins, R., Robinson, S., Robson, D., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, Marco, Romanelli, F., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Sáez, X., Safi, E., Sahlberg, A., Saibene, G., Saleem, M., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M.I.K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schluck, F., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmuck, S., Schöpf, K., Schweinzer, J., SCHWÖRER, D., Scott, S.D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S.E., Shaw, A., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shiraki, D., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, J., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silvagni, D., Simmons, P., Simpson, J., Sinha, A., Sipilä, S.K., Sips, A.C.C., Sirén, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjöstrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Skvara, V., Slade, B., Smith, R., Smith, P., Smith, S.F., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E.R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sos, M., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Sparapani, P., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Sprada, D., Sridhar, S., Stables, G., Stallard, J., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M.F., Stan-Sion, C., Stancar, Z., Staniec, P., Stankūnas, G., Stano, M., Stavrou, C., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A.V., Stephen, M., Stephens, J., Stevens, B., Stober, J., Stokes, C., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H.R., Ström, P., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Suchkov, E., Summers, H.P., Sun, H., Sutton, N., Svensson, J., Sytnykov, D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T.T., Tabarés, F., Tadić, T., Tal, B., Tál, B., Tala, T., Taliercio, C., Tallargio, A., Tanaka, K., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Tatali, R., Taylor, D., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Terry, C., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thompson, V.K., Thornton, A., Tierens, W., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Trimble, P., Tripský, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya, D., Tskhakaya Jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M.M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyshchenko, M., Uccello, A., Uljanovs, J., Urano, H., Urban, A., Urbanczyk, G., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A., Valcarcel, D., Vale, R., Valentinuzzi, M., Valerii, K., Valisa, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G.J., Varje, J., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vecsei, M., Vega, J., Ventre, S., Verdoolaege, G., Verona, C., Verona Rinati, G., Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincent, M., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Voltolina, D., von Toussaint, U., Vondráček, P., Vukšić, M., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C., Walkden, N., Walker, R., Walker, M., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R., Waterhouse, J., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Webb, M., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welch, P., West, A., Wheatley, M., Wheeler, S., Whitehead, A.M., Whittaker, D., Widdowson, A.M., Wiesen, S., Wilkie, G., Williams, J., Willoughby, D., Wilson, J., Wilson, I., Wilson, H.R., Wischmeier, M., Withycombe, A., Witts, D., Wolfrum, E., Wood, R., Woodley, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J.C., Wright, P., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xiang, L., Xu, T., Xue, Y., Yadikin, D., Yakovenko, Y., Yanling, W., Yavorskij, V., Young, I., Young, R., Young, D., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F.S., Zakharov, L., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zarins, R., Zarzoso Fernandez, D., Zastrow, K.D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zocco, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zwingmann, W., Zychor, I., CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Naka Fusion Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), STMicroelectronics, EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Queen's University [Kingston], Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), ITER Organization, Consorzio RFX, Associazione Euratom/ENEA sulla Fusione (RFX), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), EUROfus Program Management Unit PMU, European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), Bar-Ilan University [Israël], The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemi e Produzione, University of Rome Tor Vergata (DISP), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar India, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Institute of Plasma Physics, Association Euratom/IPP.CR (IPP PRAGUE), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), NIPNE -Bucharest-Magurele (NIPNE), NIPNE, Laboratory for Plasma Physics (LPP), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southern University of Science and Technology [Shenzhen] (SUSTech), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Évora [Portugal], Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman - UMR 8516 (LASIR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e dei Sistemi, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sichuan University, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Operations Department (ESAC), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), A.F. 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Institut Energie & Klimaforsch, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut fur Energie und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik (IEK-4), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Gulliver, ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Aalto University, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), System Design Department, IHP Microelctronics, LPSM UMR 8001 - Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation, York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], Centre for Plasma Physics, Association EURATOM, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalto University School of Science and Technology, PELIN Laboratory, 27A, Gzhatskaya, Saint-Petersburg, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague], Euratom/UKEAE Fusion Association (JET), UKEA, INAF-IASF/Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Ricerca Formazione Innovazione (Consorzio RFX), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Service des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS 8179, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - 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Occhialini, Universit`a Milano-Bicocca and INFN, Centre oscar lambert, service d'hématologie chu, INFM and L-NESS, Dipartimento di Fisica del Politecnico di Milano, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Centre de résonance magnétique biologique et médicale (CRMBM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e delle Tecnologie dell'Informazione [Napoli] (DIETI), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Laboratoire d'Etude des Matériaux en Milieux Agressifs (LEMMA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), ISL, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), National Institute for Research and Development for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies [Valcea] (ICSI), Hydrosystèmes et bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EURATOM-VR Fusion Assoc., Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics [Bratislava], Comenius University [Bratislava], Department of Physics and Applied Physics (DPAP), University of Strathclyde, Institute of Oceanology [China], Technical Research Centre of Finland, JRC Institute for Transuranium Elements [Karlsruhe] (ITU ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Karlsruhe] (JRC), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión [Madrid], Asociación Euratom-CIEMAT, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (UNICAS), Health and Safety Laboratory, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Orsay] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
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- 2019
45. Standardization of chemical analytical techniques for pyrolysis bio-oil: history, challenges, and current status of methods
- Author
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Paasikallio, Ville [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd (VTT), Espoo (Finland)]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Improving the Accuracy of the Chebyshev Rational Approximation Method Using Substeps
- Author
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Pusa, Maria [VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo (Finland)]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Influence of step duration in fractionated Py-GC/MS of lignocellulosic biomass
- Author
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M. González Martínez, Taina Ohra-aho, Denilson Da Silva Perez, Capucine Dupont, Tarja Tamminen, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives - CEA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), IHE Delft Institute for Water Education (NETHERLANDS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd (FINLAND), InTechFibres Division - FCBA (Grenoble, France), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Institute for Water Education (IHE Delft ), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
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Fractionated pyrolysis ,020209 energy ,Substituent ,Carbohydrates ,Biomass ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,7. Clean energy ,Lignin ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,[CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering ,020401 chemical engineering ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Organic chemistry ,Génie chimique ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Cellulose ,Génie des procédés ,ta116 ,ta215 ,Beech ,ta114 ,Py-GC/MS ,Fuel Technology ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,Thermal degradation ,Degradation (geology) ,Gas chromatography ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
International audience; Fractionated pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) appears as an interesting analytical tool for elucidating lignocellulosic biomass structure, as it allows the progressive release of chemical fragments representative of biomass macromolecular composition. In this paper the effect of fractionated pyrolysis time (from 5 s to 300 s) on the degradation of lignin and carbohydrates from beech wood was studied at temperatures between 250 °C and 500 °C. Fractionated Py-GC/MS showed that the release temperature of the volatile degradation products varied between the volatile species detected. In addition, the step duration time changed the thermal degradation behavior of lignocellulosic components. Shortening the constant step duration time from 300 s to 5 s shifted the maximum weight loss to the higher temperatures. The result was opposite at long step duration times. Time optimization at each pyrolysis temperature (250 °C, 40 s; 300 °C, 30 s; 350 °C, 25 s; 370 °C, 20 s; 400 °C, 15 s; 450 °C, 10 s; 500 °C, 5 s) enhanced the yield of both lignin and carbohydrate volatile pyrolysis degradation products. In addition, two multiple temperature maxima were shown for some lignin and carbohydrate derivatives. This behavior may be due to the two different pathways of formation and macromolecular origins of compounds in beech wood. At optimized conditions lignin derivatives having a 3-carbon side chain substituent had a maximum at lower temperature than that of lignin derivatives with a 1-carbon side chain substituent. That phenomenon follows the order of primary and secondary pyrolysis reactions. Similar behaviors were observed among the degradation products of hemicelluloses and cellulose. Degradation products of hemicelluloses were mainly released at lower temperatures than those of cellulose derivatives, which illustrates the lower thermal stability of hemicelluloses compared to cellulose.
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- 2019
48. Engaging automation at work
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Hannu Karvonen, Virpi Roto, Philippe Palanque, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Aalto University (FINLAND), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd (FINLAND), Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France), School of Arts, Design and Architecture [Aalto], Aalto University, Interactive Critical Systems (IRIT-ICS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Barbara Rita Barricelli, Virpi Roto, Torkil Clemmensen, Pedro Campos, Arminda Lopes, Frederica Gonçalves, José Abdelnour-Nocera, TC 13, WG 13.6, Campos, Pedro, Lopes, Arminda, Gonçalves, Frederica, Barricelli, Barbara Rita, Roto, Virpi, Clemmensen, Torkil, Abdelnour-Nocera, José, and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
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Process management ,Interaction design ,Computer science ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Experiential learning ,Interface homme-machine ,User experience design ,020204 information systems ,Employee engagement ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,050107 human factors ,Pace ,Literature review ,Engagement ,Work automation ,User experience ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Automation ,Human-computer interaction ,Work (electrical) ,business ,Human factors - Abstract
Part 1: Practice; International audience; Automation pervades workplaces in an increasing pace and its effects on work practices and roles are far-reaching. Work tasks are typically automated with efficiency, effectiveness and safety in mind, but less attention is paid on the user experience aspects. As the amount of direct human control over technology is often decreased with automation, the human aspect of those systems might seem less essential and thus human-system interaction designers may not be consulted when automation is designed. Yet, fully autonomous and unmanned systems are rare, as humans often still have to monitor, intervene, maintain and control the automated environments – be it on-site or remotely. This paper discusses the need for better interaction design of automated systems with a focus on engaging user experiences in work environments. Results of a systematic literature on engaging user experience design in automation solutions used at work revealed that experiential human-automation interaction design is a neglected research topic. Therefore, we call for more research on automation design that improves not only efficiency, i.e., the pragmatic aspects of user experience, but also employee engagement and other emotional aspects of user experience. It is time for a turn to the experiential to take place also in the work automation context.
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- 2019
49. Crowdsourced assessment of common genetic contribution to predicting anti-TNF treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis
- Author
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Sieberts, Solveig K., Zhu, Fan, García-García, Javier, Stahl, Eli, Pratap, Abhishek, Pandey, Gaurav, Pappas, Dimitrios, Aguilar, Daniel, Anton, Bernat, Bonet, Jaume, Eksi, Ridvan, Fornés, Oriol, Guney, Emre, Li, Hongdong, Marín, Manuel Alejandro, Panwar, Bharat, Planas-Iglesias, Joan, Poglayen, Daniel, Cui, Jing, Falcao, Andre O., Suver, Christine, Hoff, Bruce, Balagurusamy, Venkat S. K., Dillenberger, Donna, Neto, Elias Chaibub, Norman, Thea, Aittokallio, Tero, Ammad-ud-din, Muhammad, Azencott, Chloe-Agathe, Bellón, Víctor, Boeva, Valentina, Bunte, Kerstin, Chheda, Himanshu, Cheng, Lu, Corander, Jukka, Dumontier, Michel, Goldenberg, Anna, Gopalacharyulu, Peddinti, Hajiloo, Mohsen, Hidru, Daniel, Jaiswal, Alok, Kaski, Samuel, Khalfaoui, Beyrem, Khan, Suleiman Ali, Kramer, Eric R., Marttinen, Pekka, Mezlini, Aziz M., Molparia, Bhuvan, Pirinen, Matti, Saarela, Janna, Samwald, Matthias, Stoven, Véronique, Tang, Hao, Tang, Jing, Torkamani, Ali, Vert, Jean-Phillipe, Wang, Bo, Wang, Tao, Wennerberg, Krister, Wineinger, Nathan E., Xiao, Guanghua, Xie, Yang, Yeung, Rae, Zhan, Xiaowei, Zhao, Cheng, Calaza, Manuel, Elmarakeby, Haitham, Heath, Lenwood S., Long, Quan, Moore, Jonathan D., Opiyo, Stephen Obol, Savage, Richard S., Zhu, Jun, Greenberg, Jeff, Kremer, Joel, Michaud, Kaleb, Barton, Anne, Coenen, Marieke, Mariette, Xavier, Miceli, Corinne, Shadick, Nancy, Weinblatt, Michael, de Vries, Niek, Tak, Paul P., Gerlag, Danielle, Huizinga, Tom W. J., Kurreeman, Fina, Allaart, Cornelia F., Louis Bridges Jr., S., Criswell, Lindsey, Moreland, Larry, Klareskog, Lars, Saevarsdottir, Saedis, Padyukov, Leonid, Gregersen, Peter K., Friend, Stephen, Plenge, Robert, Stolovitzky, Gustavo, Oliva, Baldo, Guan, Yuanfang, Mangravite, Lara M., Bridges, S. Louis, Intelligent Systems, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Jukka Corander / Principal Investigator, Department of Computer Science, Janna Saarela / Principal Investigator, Krister Wennerberg / Principal Investigator, Biostatistics Helsinki, Statistical and population genetics, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Zhejiang University, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), DYNBIO LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine-Child and Family Research Institute-Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics-University of British Columbia (UBC), China Agricultural University (CAU), Computational Intelligence Research Group (CA3), Centre of Technology and Systems (CTS), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Cancer et génome: Bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie d'un système complexe, Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Bioinformatique (CBIO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Hefei University of Technology (HFUT), Stanford Center for BioMedical Informatics Research (BMIR), Stanford University, Service de génétique [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Profium Oy [Helsinki], Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Business School [Hohai University], Hohai University, Institute of Industrial Economics [Hohai University], State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics of China, Hunan Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center (QBRC), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center [Dallas, TX, États-Unis], Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), China National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture [Beijing] (NRCIEA), Centro Nacional de Análisi Genómico (CNAG), Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico, Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Univ California Davis] (MAE - UC Davis), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Tongji University, Laboratory for Measles and Rubella, Laboratoire National de Santé [Luxembourg] (LNS), Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], INSERM U1012, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), School of biosciences and biotechnology, University of Camerino, Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Partners Asthma Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Department of Health Education and Promotion, Maastricht University [Maastricht], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Department of rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Merck & Co. Inc, Structural Bioinformatics Group (GRIB), Barcelona Research Park of Biomedicine (PRBB), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Capital Normal University [Beijing], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Davis], University of California-University of California, Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Sage Bionetworks, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Pompeu Fabra University, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Corrona LLC, Northeastern University, Harvard University, University of Lisbon, IBM, INSERM U900, University of Helsinki, University of Toronto, Scripps Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, University of Texas at Dallas, New York University, Albany Medical College, Arthritis Research Center Foundation, Radboud University Nijmegen, INSERM U1184, University of Amsterdam, Glaxo Smith Kline, Leiden University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of California San Francisco, University of Pittsburgh, Karolinska Institutet, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Merck, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Arthritis ,Genome-wide association study ,Bioinformatics ,DISEASE ,Arthritis, Rheumatoid ,Cohort Studies ,Missing heritability problem ,MISSING HERITABILITY ,Medicine ,Certolizumab pegol ,RISK ,Multidisciplinary ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Middle Aged ,Prognosis ,[SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM] ,3. Good health ,STACKED GENERALIZATION ,Treatment Outcome ,Antirheumatic Agents ,Crowdsourcing ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Erratum ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,Science ,Context (language use) ,Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,INFLIXIMAB ,Journal Article ,Humans ,SNP ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION ,METAANALYSIS ,Aged ,ta113 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,business.industry ,NETWORK INFERENCE ,COMPLEX TRAITS ,Artritis reumatoide -- Tractament ,CLINICAL-RESPONSE ,General Chemistry ,113 Computer and information sciences ,medicine.disease ,Infliximab ,030104 developmental biology ,3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine ,Certolizumab Pegol ,business ,RC - Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects millions world-wide. While anti-TNF treatment is widely used to reduce disease progression, treatment fails in ∼one-third of patients. No biomarker currently exists that identifies non-responders before treatment. A rigorous community-based assessment of the utility of SNP data for predicting anti-TNF treatment efficacy in RA patients was performed in the context of a DREAM Challenge (http://www.synapse.org/RA_Challenge). An open challenge framework enabled the comparative evaluation of predictions developed by 73 research groups using the most comprehensive available data and covering a wide range of state-of-the-art modelling methodologies. Despite a significant genetic heritability estimate of treatment non-response trait (h2=0.18, P value=0.02), no significant genetic contribution to prediction accuracy is observed. Results formally confirm the expectations of the rheumatology community that SNP information does not significantly improve predictive performance relative to standard clinical traits, thereby justifying a refocusing of future efforts on collection of other data., Rheumatoid arthritis patients respond differently to anti-TNF treatment. Using community-based challenge, the authors show that currently available data does not reveal meaningful genetic predictors of response to anti-TNF therapy, thus confirming clinical observations.
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- 2016
50. Microfabricated sensor platform with through-glass vias for bidirectional 3-omega thermal characterization of solid and liquid samples
- Author
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Aapo Varpula, Mika Prunnila, Pierre-Olivier Chapuis, Corinna Grosse, Kestutis Grigoras, Daniel May, Mohamad Abo Ras, Severine Gomes, Bernhard Wunderle, HEP, INSPIRE, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Berliner Nanotest und Design GmbH, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Chemnitz University of Technology / Technische Universität Chemnitz, Centre d'Energétique et de Thermique de Lyon (CETHIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA )
- Subjects
thermal sensors ,Materials science ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Passivation ,thermal diffusivity ,FOS: Physical sciences ,02 engineering and technology ,Thermal diffusivity ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic layer deposition ,0103 physical sciences ,atomic layer deposition (ALD) ,Deposition (phase transition) ,thermal conductivity ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thermal analysis ,ta216 ,Instrumentation ,[ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,microfabrication ,010302 applied physics ,ta214 ,Borosilicate glass ,business.industry ,Metals and Alloys ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,OtaNano ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,bidirectional 3-omega method ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det] ,[SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph] ,Optoelectronics ,thermal characterization platform ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Microfabrication - Abstract
A novel microfabricated, all-electrical measurement platform is presented for a direct, accurate and rapid determination of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of liquid and solid materials. The measurement approach is based on the bidirectional 3-omega method. The platform is composed of glass substrates on which sensor structures and a very thin dielectric nanolaminate passivation layer are fabricated. Using through-glass vias for contacting the sensors from the chip back side leaves the top side of the platform free for deposition, manipulation and optical inspection of the sample during 3-omega measurements. The thin passivation layer, which is deposited by atomic layer deposition on the platform surface, provides superior chemical resistance and allows for the measurement of electrically conductive samples, while maintaining the conditions for a simple thermal analysis. We demonstrate the measurement of thermal conductivities of borosilicate glass, pure water, glycerol, 2-propanol, PDMS, cured epoxy, and heat-sink compounds. The results compare well with both literature values and values obtained with the steady-state divided bar method. Small sample volumes (∼0.02 mm³) suffice for accurate measurements using the platform, allowing rapid temperature-dependent measurements of thermal properties, which can be useful for the development, optimization and quality testing of many materials, such as liquids, gels, pastes and solids.
- Published
- 2018
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