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In 2020, a sociological survey was conducted of Germans living in the Russian Federation, including in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The article gives the characteristics of the survey, research methods, some results are given.

The system of data collection, processing and protection is considered. In such system data is transmitted via data channels from the data collection and processing blocks to the data protection block. The received data arrays are stored in the data protection block. The functioning termination one of the data collection blocks may lead to the loss of the received data. The problem of ensuring the stable functioning of the system for collecting, processing and protecting data is formalized and studied in this paper. It is also considered the case when the system has a data backup block. An illustrative numerical example is solved.

In this paper we propose the model of resources distribution for preserving the population of polar bears in the Arctic area of the Russian Federation. The model is based on the principle of fair resource distribution taking into account the differences in population size, in unit cost of means of protection and in growth of the cost of resources, given the delay in receipt of these resources, between polar bears' habitats. The operation of the model is illustrated with the numerical example.

The Integrated Microbial Genomes & Microbiomes system v.5.0 (IMG/M: https://img.jgi.doe.gov/m/) contains annotated datasets categorized into: archaea, bacteria, eukarya, plasmids, viruses, genome fragments, metagenomes, cell enrichments, single particle sorts, and metatranscriptomes. Source datasets include those generated by the DOE’s Joint Genome Institute (JGI), submitted by external scientists, or collected from public sequence data archives such as NCBI. All submissions are typically processed through the IMG annotation pipeline and then loaded into the IMG data warehouse. IMG’s web user interface provides a variety of analytical and visualization tools for comparative analysis of isolate genomes and metagenomes in IMG. IMG/M allows open access to all public genomes in the IMG data warehouse, while its expert review (ER) system (IMG/MER: https://img.jgi.doe.gov/mer/) allows registered users to access their private genomes and to store their private datasets in workspace for sharing and for further analysis. IMG/M data content has grown by 60% since the last report published in the 2017 NAR Database Issue. IMG/M v.5.0 has a new and more powerful genome search feature, new statistical tools, and supports metagenome binning.

Background: Helicobacter pylori, which infects at least half of the human population, is an etiopathogenetic factor in the development of chronic gastritis (CG), gastric and duodenal ulcer disease (UD), and is also considered a risk factor in the occurrence of some forms of stomach cancer. Various surface structures of H. pylori are important pathogenic factors. Methods: Reference (NCTC 11637, NCTC 11639) and freshly isolated H. pylori strains as well as samples of the gastric mucosa were examined using transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by means of “JEM-100 В” (JEOL, Japan) and “Quanta 200 3D” (FEI Company, USA) systems, respectively. Samples for SEM fixed with formalin and not subjected to dehydration were sprayed with an electrically conductive layer of gold. Samples for TEM were prepared using negative contrast (NC) with ammonium molybdate and ultrathin sections (US) contrasted by Reynolds; fixation by Ito-Karnovsky was used in both cases. Accelerating voltage at TEM and SEM was 80 and 10 kV, respectively. Results: Three types of H. pylori surface structures were found: flagella, fimbria, and vesicles. Flagella were found both in the material of cultures maintained in vitro and in each native sample of the gastric mucosa. SEM images suggest the involvement of flagella in biofilm formation. On longitudinal sections of the flagellum, the outer electron-dense layer and the inner content in the form of a filament were visualized; on cross sections, the flagellum looked like an annular structure with a centrally located point accumulation of electron-dense matter. Paradoxically, the H. pylori forms with a defective cell wall also possessed flagella. Freely located flagellar sheaths without central filament were often found in vitro only. Fimbriae were found exclusively in negatively contrasted pure bacterial cultures material. In addition, vesicles detaching from the surface of bacterial cells were found both in the material of aging H. pylori pure cultures and in native samples of the gastric mucosa under CG and UD. A small part of the vesicles retains their connection with the cell wall, while detached vesicles are present in excess in the surrounding space. Massive detachment of vesicles leads to the formation of spheroplasts, devoid of an outer membrane. Conclusion: H. pylori has a representative set of surface structures that play an important role in the onset and development of the infectious process in the gastroduodenal area.

Background: Trichoplusia ni derived cell lines are commonly used to enable recombinant protein expression via baculovirus infection to generate materials approved for clinical use and in clinical trials. In order to develop systems biology and genome engineering tools to improve protein expression in this host, we performed de novo genome assembly of the Trichoplusia ni-derived cell line Tni-FNL. Methods: By integration of PacBio single-molecule sequencing, Bionano optical mapping, and 10X Genomics linked-reads data, we have produced a draft genome assembly of Tni-FNL. Results: Our assembly contains 280 scaffolds, with a N50 scaffold size of 2.3 Mb and a total length of 359 Mb. Annotation of the Tni-FNL genome resulted in 14,101 predicted genes and 93.2% of the predicted proteome contained recognizable protein domains. Ortholog searches within the superorder Holometabola provided further evidence of high accuracy and completeness of the Tni-FNL genome assembly. Conclusions: This first draft Tni-FNL genome assembly was enabled by complementary long-read technologies and represents a high-quality, well-annotated genome that provides novel insight into the complexity of this insect cell line and can serve as a reference for future large-scale genome engineering work in this and other similar recombinant protein production hosts.

The purpose of the research is an identification, theoretical justification and experimental verification of pedagogical technologies that contribute to the efficiency of future specialist’s professional and communicative skills formation as well as a role justification of socio-psychological qualities in the effectiveness of the process of communicative interaction in order to determine the main indicators of readiness for communicative interpersonal and group interaction. The object of our study is interpersonal, group and organizational communications skills and the subject of this one is characteristic of communicative interaction indicators. The following paper draws on material of different psychological researches and educational normative documents. The analysis of Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education in the directions of training 38.03.01 Economy (a bachelor degree) was provided which showed that interpersonal communication skills possession is one of necessary competence nowadays. The authors emphasized that it is important to take into consideration socio-psychological qualities of future economists as a basics of their professionalism. Scientific and methodological recommendations and conclusions are obtained based on a theoretical analysis of the socio-psychological qualities of economists that provide the efficiency of the formation process of future economists’ communicative interaction in the context of professional training.

The contents of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in 95 women in the first trimester of gestation were studied. The first (control) group included 25 women with physiologic course of pregnancy; the second group consisted of 25 patients with exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis caused by influenza virus B (antibody titers were 1:16-1:64); the third group consisted of 24 pregnant women with exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis under influenza virus В (antibody titers were 1:32-1:128); the fourth group consisted of 21 women with exacerbation of chronic simple bronchitis induced by influenza virus B (antibody titers were 1:64-1:256) at early stages of gestation. In the patients of the second group in comparison with the patients of the first group there was an increase of IL-4 till 19.7±2.17 pg/ml, of TNF-α till 33.4±3.09 pg/ml and of INF-γ till 30.9±2.64 pg/ml (in the control it was 12.9±1.16 pg/ml, р

There is presented a calculation method aimed to elevate the informative value of the integral indices of the social and hygienic monitoringfor purposes of comparative analysis. The method of rank indices is based on the ranking of monitoring objects on the values of primary indices on the base of which there are calculated the integral such indices as, for example, life expectancy. There are presented results of the use of this method for the comparative analysis of mortality rate in WHO Member States for the period of 1990-2011. There were revealed specialfeatures of mortality trends which cannot be detected when using only mortality rates or the life expectancy. In particular, for Russia there was shown that, in spite of the downward trend in child and adolescent mortality rate observed in the last decade, the country's world rankings for these indices fail to achieve the level of 1990. This means that the competitiveness of the country, sharply declined in the 90's, was not restored until now. There are described some features of the use of the method of rank indices for the analysis of indices of the environment state, public health and its socio-economic determinants.

Wstęp: Celem pracy było zbadanie osłony rogówkowo-twardówkowej i systemu tkanki łącznej (CT) u dzieci z nabytą oraz wrodzoną krótkowzrocznością postępującą, a także zidentyfikowanie informacyjnych kryteriów diagnostycznych wspomagających funkcję twardówki.Materiał i metody: Przebadano 155 dzieci w wieku 9–17 lat. 18 miało emetropię lub hiperopię, 20 miało niską krótkowzroczność, 32 średnią i 85 wysoką krótkowzroczność. 32 dzieci miało krótkowzroczność powikłaną (CM) z powodu obwodowego zwyrodnienia siatkówki. Mierzono histerezę rogówki (CH), gęstość akustyczną twardówki (SAD), topografię kręgosłupa promieniami X, plantografię, łączną hipermobilność, poziom kortyzolu w surowicy krwi (SC) i autonomiczny balans.Wyniki: Histereza rogówki, mmHg i SAD (jednostki względne; średnia ±SE) były niższe w wysokiej krótkowzroczności; w niskiej krótkowzroczności CH wynosiła 13,0 ±0,3, w średniej krótkowzroczności 11,9 ±0,3#, w wysokiej krótkowzroczności 10,7 ±0,3#; SAD wynosił odpowiednio 215,9 ±5,2, 204,9 ±3,7# i 192,8 ±5,8# (#: p < 0,05 dotyczy niskiej krótkowzroczności). Najniższe CH (10,3 ±0,4) i SAD (186,5 ±7,3) znaleziono w nabytej CM. Wrodzona krótkowzroczność z PRD wykazywała CH i SAD większe niż nabyta CM (p < 0,05). Poziom kortyzolu w surowicy krwi (nmol/L) w hiperopii wynosił 335,8 ±40,9 i spadał z wysokiej krótkowzroczności: w niskiej krótkowzroczności – 290,7 ±58,6, w średniej – 250,9 ±26,4, w wysokiej – 243,9 ±20,5. Najniższe SC znaleziono w nabytej CM, złożonej z CH i SAD. Postęp dysplazji CT z wysoką krótkowzrocznością stwierdzono: u 76,9% dzieci z niską, 82,4% ze średnią, 89,2% z wysoką krótkowzrocznością nabytą i 91,7% z krótkowzrocznością wrodzoną. Biochemiczne defekty CT i hormonalne zaburzenie balansu były związane z zaburzeniami balansu w wegetatywnym układzie nerwowym: w wysokiej krótkowzroczności jedynie 20,5% dzieci było eutonicznych, 61,5% – sympatykotonicznych i 17,5% parasympatykotonicznych.Wnioski: Uczniowie z postępującą krótkowzrocznością wykazują biochemiczne zaburzenia rogówkowo-twardówkowe wraz z dysplazją CT, spadkiem SC i zaburzeniem balansu wegetatywnego układu nerwowego, bardziej wyrażone w nabytej krótkowzroczności powikłanej. Nasze obserwacje przyczyniają się do zrozumienia patogenezy krótkowzroczności i diagnostyczno-prognostycznej oceny krótkowzroczności dzieci, a zwłaszcza wówczas, gdy potrzebne jest wzmocnienie twardówki. Słowa kluczowe: krótkowzroczność, twardówka, dzieci, tkanka łączna, parametry biochemiczne, kortyzol, system autonomiczny.

The sensitive version of cell-ELISA was developed for the subtype-specific differentiation of current influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses that are circulating in the human population. This method is based on the estimation of virus reproduction in infected MDCK cells. The detection step of this method is an interaction of the subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the viral hemagglutinin (НA) molecule. The influenza A virus strains, isolated in the 2014 epidemic season, were used to validate this method. It was shown that when using mAbs # 1/ # 2 or # 4 at a concentration of 10-15 μg/ml, the developed variant of cell-ELISA was able to detect НA protein synthesized in the infected cells of influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, respectively. The developed method can be used for the identification of modern influenza A viruses with low hemagglutination activity, which is not possible by the conventional hemagglutination inhibition test.

Methodology of estimating the integral health and aging level is based on the system index of biological age (BA). The paper introduces the reader to the BA principles and structure, search for meaningful aging biomarkers, useful tests, and applications in present-day biomedicine. The concept of BA is directly linked with the theory of organism vitality. BA biomarkers must provide a detailed picture of the process of aging. Number of biomarkers cannot be large, while their changes with aging must be uniform in every population member and fairly distinct though with moderate interindividual variations. Prognosis of the vital trajectory requires estimation of risk factors, i.e. hereditary and acquired factors that affect lifespan, and also longevity factors, i.e. genetic and environmental factors crucial for clinical medicine and gerontological prophylaxis properly. At present, BA gains wide recognition in clinical and preventive medicine, physiology and biology as a method to evaluate the general state of health, ecological well-being, adaptation to extreme factors, as well as the rate and degree of organism aging.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a national user facility, serves the diverse scientific community by providing integrated high-throughput sequencing and computational analysis to enable system-based scientific approaches in support of DOE missions related to clean energy generation and environmental characterization. The JGI Genome Portal (http://genome.jgi.doe.gov) provides unified access to all JGI genomic databases and analytical tools. The JGI maintains extensive data management systems and specialized analytical capabilities to manage and interpret complex genomic data. A user can search, download and explore multiple data sets available for all DOE JGI sequencing projects including their status, assemblies and annotations of sequenced genomes. Here we describe major updates of the Genome Portal in the past 2 years with a specific emphasis on efficient handling of the rapidly growing amount of diverse genomic data accumulated in JGI.

Тепловая обработка является одним из важнейших процессов при производстве минераловатных изделий и в основном осуществляется продувкой горячего теплоносителя – конвективным нагревом. Знание характеристик и закономерностей протекания позволяет решать технологические задачи. Определение параметров сушки и времени, необходимого для тепловой обработки основано на исследование теплои влагообмена в минераловатном слое. Исследование нагрева минераловатного слоя показывает, что по мере удаления участков слоя от места входа теплоносителя их прогрев замедляется. Выходная кривая в первый период имеет незначительный подъем. Затем происходит быстрый прогрев слоя и у кривой наблюдается практически постоянный угол наклона. В третий период температура слоя приближается к температуре теплоносителя. В основу методики определения продолжительности тепловой обработки минераловатного ковра положен принцип балансовых соотношений между количеством тепла, потребленного на тепловую обработку ковра и количеством израсходованного. Общая продолжительность тепловой обработки материала складывается из времени формирования зоны теплообмена, времени перемещения зоны по толщине ковра и времени, необходимого для завершения поликонденсации связующего. При температурах теплоносителя 180...200 о С общая продолжительность тепловой обработки регламентируется в основном временем сушки и прогрева минераловатного ковра. Следовательно, обеспечив соответствующие скорости продувки теплоносителя через материал, можно сократить время его тепловой обработки более чем в 2 раза. Полученные зависимости приведены в номографический вид и удобны для расчета камер тепловой обработки и определения продолжительности технологического процесса. Ключевые слова: волокнистый ковер, гидравлическое сопротивление, пористость, теплоноситель, число Рейнольдса. A.D. Zhukov, T.V. Smirnova

The Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI) is a national user facility with massive-scale DNA sequencing and analysis capabilities dedicated to advancing genomics for bioenergy and environmental applications. Beyond generating tens of trillions of DNA bases annually, the Institute develops and maintains data management systems and specialized analytical capabilities to manage and interpret complex genomic data sets, and to enable an expanding community of users around the world to analyze these data in different contexts over the web. The JGI Genome Portal (http://genome.jgi.doe.gov) provides a unified access point to all JGI genomic databases and analytical tools. A user can find all DOE JGI sequencing projects and their status, search for and download assemblies and annotations of sequenced genomes, and interactively explore those genomes and compare them with other sequenced microbes, fungi, plants or metagenomes using specialized systems tailored to each particular class of organisms. We describe here the general organization of the Genome Portal and the most recent addition, MycoCosm (http://jgi.doe.gov/fungi), a new integrated fungal genomics resource.

The Genomes On Line Database (GOLD) is a comprehensive resource for centralized monitoring of genome and metagenome projects worldwide. Both complete and ongoing projects, along with their associated metadata, can be accessed in GOLD through precomputed tables and a search page. As of September 2009, GOLD contains information for more than 5800 sequencing projects, of which 1100 have been completed and their sequence data deposited in a public repository. GOLD continues to expand, moving toward the goal of providing the most comprehensive repository of metadata information related to the projects and their organisms/environments in accordance with the Minimum Information about a (Meta)Genome Sequence (MIGS/MIMS) specification. GOLD is available at: http://www.genomesonline.org and has a mirror site at the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Crete, Greece, at: http://gold.imbb.forth.gr/

Significance of the ability for psych self-regulation in the context of resistance to the stresses of space flight was studied in an experiment with 9 test-subjects simulating such factors of space flights as 8 to 9-day isolation and confinement, some physiological effects of microgravity in a head-down position at -8 degrees for 7 d, artificial climate, and implementation of dock and piloting operations. Stress resistance, self-regulation, mental performance and behavior were assessed with the use of computerized tests "Mirror coordinograph", "Relaxometer", and "SOPR-monitoring". The ability to voluntary control psych was shown to be favorable to stress-resistance and rapid recovery of mental efficiency after the natural decline in consequence of the experimental simulation. The ability for psych self-regulation is one of the major criteria of professional selection for exposure to extreme conditions.

Cohort analysis of life span in a uniform LIO rat population established a correlation between death cause and age-related death force parameters. It also demonstrated certain sex-related differences involved. The life span of males which had tumors at the time of death, whatever the real cause of death, was significantly longer than that in tumor-free animals. The life span of tumor-free females and those which died from cancer was shorter while the longest-surviving group bore non-fatal tumors. It is suggested that prognosis of individual survival be based on a combination of traditional procedures of mathematical evaluation of population mortality rates and complex assessment of individual health. This approach envisages formation of cohorts characterized by maximum differences in aging dynamics.

The communication between space crews and outside monitoring personnel in Mission Control gives us valuable information about crewmember psychological health. Studying the formal parameters of similar communication during ground-based space simulation missions helps us understand the psychological climate of confined groups over time, and this information can be applied to long-term space missions.We hypothesized that psychological closing and information filtration will be observed in a confined crew as the mission progresses and will differ by the type of communication (e.g., audio vs. computer-generated) with the outside monitors in the simulated Mission Control (MC). In addition, communication patterns will vary with the specific group of people on-duty outside.Audio and computer communications between space simulation crews and MC teams were analyzed during two isolation studies lasting 135 and 90 d at the Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow. A number of temporal, content and quantitative parameters of verbal activity were examined.The total intensity of communication dropped after month 1 of the missions. The Commander had the highest intensity of communication. There was evidence for the presence of psychological closing and information filtration in the crews over time, with some variation based on type of communication. Communication patterns differed with different outside teams.The communication between confined groups and outside monitoring personnel is affected by psychological closing and information filtration and by the make-up of the teams that comprise the monitoring groups.

Analyzed were indices of communicative activity of crew members during audio- and computer sessions in order to assess status and effectiveness of communicative interaction of crew with external parties. The investigation gave another evidence that an isolated small group develops "closing" and "internal censorship" in contacts with outer personnel. The conclusion was based on limited in intensity, number, topical spectrum and outer companion preference communication. These appeared to be parallel to egocentrism manifested by claims on supreme concern, sensitivity to speech tones and matter of massages of outer supporters, and attempted manipulation with the outer personnel. In the course of the experiment, the subjects were getting more into the habit to use the information channels for expansion of their emotional contacts and "dumping" emotions. Differential attitude to different duty teams and selective manner of communication underlie differences in the intensity of crew-ground personnel communication.

Dynamics of mental performance, critical periods of adaptation, and cognitive processes were studies in conjunction with extended experimental isolation. Training to simple motor skills was found to be less impeded by prolonged isolation as opposed to operations requiring active involvement of higher psychic functions (memory, concentration, thinking). Experiments HUBES and ECOPSY strengthened the hypothesis concerning possible advent of critical periods in prolonged isolation impacting mental performance. They are the initial period (week 1 in isolation), emergency, arrival of visiting crews, and finishing two weeks. Effect of isolation was not so much evident from changes in absolute meanings of work parameters as from the reduction of their stability in time.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged isolation on the higher psychic functions, like working memory, attention concentration, and intellect (problem solving and decision making), and on sensory-motor skills and stress resistance. Previous Soviet simulation studies and the ISEMSI isolation experiment have indicated that prolonged isolation can affect higher psychic functions. A set of psychological tests in the form of a computer game was presented each workday to the chamber crew and to the ground crew serving as a control group. In analyzing the data it was taken into account that performance can be affected not only by the influence of isolation, but also by a learning process and by subject motivation. In addition, a distinction was made between absolute score and stability (range) of the score. Analysis of the chamber crew's work capability as a function of time showed the occurrence of three distinct periods of adaptation: (1) a period of acute adaptation in week 1, (2) a period of stable adaptation during weeks 3-6, and (3) a period of "final effort" in weeks 8-9. While in general the effect of isolation on the absolute scores was minor, larger ranges for the scores in "working memory," "attention concentration," and "calculation under time deficit" tests are an indication of increased instability, probably due to stress resistance. The 4 female subjects of the combined groups scored significantly higher than the 5 males in "attention concentration/distribution," "spatial orientation," "intuition in visual search," and "logical decision making under time deficit." Males presented higher scores in "calculation under time deficit" and working memory, and higher stability in "attention concentration" and "calculation under time deficit."

With the use of dispersion analysis the variation of indices of central and peripheral hemodynamics in healthy volunteers stayed from 1 to 7 days under conditions of "dry" immersion (DI) was studied. Nine persons were investigated at rest, 5 individuals during orthostatic tests before and after dry immersion sessions. The central hemodynamic indices were calculated, the arterial pressure (AD) was measured by Korotkoff's method, indices of rheoencephalographic and rheoplethysmographic indices of lower leg were found. The significant differences of mean values of measured parameters before and after DI at rest were not revealed. Two-factor dispersion analysis of the orthostatic test data revealed the high levels of significance of influencing immersion and personality factors as well as their interaction on the variation of most indices. For excluding an individual uniformity there has been done an analysis of dynamics of indices according to their relative values which allowed one to isolate qualitative peculiarities of changes and distinctions between persons with different orthostatic tolerance even before orthostatic testing.

The nonlinear dynamics of a high-power femtosecond singular pulse in Kerr media are analyzed numerically upon optically induced ionization. We examine the plasma inertia impact to stable propagation of optical vortices. Multifoci behavior of vortices in medium are revealed. Next we numerically demonstrate that inertial character of plasma formation provides a quasi-soliton regime of vortex propagation resistant to symmetry-breaking perturbation.

The article discusses the data on the detection of ventricular extrasytole by means of the load test on a bicycle ergometer in 150 patients who had suffered from myocardial infarction. Much more patients with latent disorders of rhythm are detected by the load test than by means of the standard ECG recorded at rest. It was noted that the ventricular extrasystole became more detectable with the increase in the rate of cardiac contractions, in the degree to which the maximum pulse during the load test exceeded the pulse at rest, in the systolic arterial pressure, and with the raise in the level of the load. Patients in whom extrasystole was revealed and the test was discontinued before reaching a high level of cardiac rhythm had more complicated disorders of rhythm and the prognosis in such cases was poorer.

Repair regeneration of hemopoiesis of rats exposed to gamma irradiation with doses of 220 and 800 rad in space flight was studied. There was an insignificant difference in the dynamics of the most blood and bone marrow formed elements. It can be concluded that myelopoiesis in space flight was more active than on the Earth. Irradiation of animals with 800 rad aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690 induced more pronounced hemopoietic changes than the ground-based exposure (on the 1st-2nd post-flight day the count of myelokaryocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow decreased). The Most hematological parameters returned to the norm on the 36-37th post-irradiation day (on the 26th postflight day).

Comparative analysis was given to the results of computerized evaluation of mental effectiveness (SOPR-monitoring) during habitual work implementation and modellng of extreme spaceflight factors. SOPR-monito ring includes the following tests: SAN (general condition, activity, mood), 8-color M. Luscher test, continuous counting at auto speed, and target tracking. Implementation of habitual work (repeated testing of a subject over the period of 1.5 years) showed almost double improvement of mental effectiveness with the sensorimotor parameters remaining virtually unaltered. Different phases in diurnal variations of the mental and sensorimotor activities were established. Modeling of the challenging factors of space flight (bed rest and confinement) gave proof of a greater sensitivity of mental effectiveness, more dependent on cerebral circulation, comparing to sensorimotor performance. Computerized SOPR-monitoring is an easy-to-use and informative method for evaluation of external effects on mental effectiveness.