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Let Γn be a polysurface group of length n. It is commensurable with a fundamental group of a 2n-manifold X(Γn) which is considered as an n-step iterated surface-fibration. Our interest is in the algebraic structure of the iterated surface-fibration. In this paper, the purpose is to find some properties of Γn independent of the choice of the filtration 1=Γ0⊂Γ1⊂Γ2⊂⋯⊂Γn. We notice that operator homomorphisms θ i : Γ i /Γ i−1 → Out (Γ i−1 ) (i=2,…,n) are of three types, and prove that the number of the operator homomorphisms of each type is independent of the choice of the filtration of Γn for some cases. Moreover, we are also concerned with the case that Γn is embedded in a connected linear Lie group without compact factor as a discrete cocompact subgroup.

The fundamental group Γ of a compact complete affine manifold is represented as an affine crystallographic subgroup of \(\). L.S. Auslander conjectured that Γ is virtually solvable. Our purpose is to find the algebraic condition on Γ which leads affirmative answer to the conjecture.

In this paper, we give a partial answer concerned with Auslander's conjecture. It is shown that every crystallographic subgroup of E( n − 2, 2) is virtually solvable.

The culture conditions of Polyporus tuberaster K2606 were investigated to find conditions with which much benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol would be obtained. Strain K2606 reduced benzoic acid as well as L-phenylalanine to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol in high yield. The conversion rate of benzoic acid was about 60%. Two other metabolites of L-phenylalanine, 3-phenylpropionic acid and 3-phenylpyruvic acid, were reduced to benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol as well. Veratryl alcohol, a secondary metabolite of L-phenylalanine, was not detected. Benzaldehyde produced by strain K2606 was reduced to benzyl alcohol, which was slowly converted again into benzaldehyde when culture with shaking continued

Of 117 mushrooms grown in liquid culture and given a sensory evaluation by 10 panelists, Polyporus tuberaster K2606 was the most highly rated. This strain had a fruity and floral odor suitable for beverages. Forty-seven compounds from the culture fluid of strain K2606 were identified, 14 of which are reported for the first time as volatile components from mushrooms grown by liquid culture. The most abundant component was benzaldehyde. Other main components were other aromatic compounds and aliphatic alcohols, of which 3-methyl-1-butanol was the most abundant. By cultivation of strain K2606 in a medium to which L-phenylalanine was added, benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol were obtained in substantially increased yields

Prevention of the caking of KCl-NaCl powder produced by a spray-dryer was investigated. The spray-dried powders of both a simple KCl-NaCl mixture and a mixture of KCl and NaCl with an amino acid that was less soluble than KCl and NaCl and that had hydrophobic functional groups were obtained in the form of particles that were hollow spheres. When stored in high humidity, the first powder soon caked, but the second did not. This difference could be explained by the solubility and polarity of the amino acid added. When the solubility of the amino acid added was higher than that of KCl or NaCl, the surface of the spray-dried particles was crystalline and porous. When the amino acid had hydrophobic functional groups and its solubility was lower than that of KCl or NaCl, the surface of the spray-dried powder was smooth and not porous; this result suggests that the surface of the spray-dried particles was covered with amino acid molecules. We concluded that the solubility and the functional groups of the amino acids that were added to a KCl-NaCl mixture could be used to control caking of the spray-dried powder.

炊飯米フレーバーに対するみりんの調理効果を調べるため,改造電気釜を用いて炊飯米のヘッドスペースガスを回収し,機器分析を行った.その結果若干の知見を得,原因について検討した. (1) フレーバー成分吸着剤Tenax TAを用いたフレーバー回収には循環系の装置が開放系に比べて回収率が高く,値の変動が小さかったので適していた.エタノールの添加は回収率等に影響を与えなかった. (2) 炊飯米フレーバーをTenaxで回収し, GCで130余りのピークを検出した.主要なピークのうち約40を同定した.成分別ではアルカナール,アルコール,アルケナール,直鎖ケトンの順に多かった.特にn-ヘキサナールの含量が高かった. (3) みりん添加炊飯米を同様にして分析すると,添加前に比ベガスクロマトグラム上のピーク面積の減少が認められた.減少率の大きかったアルカナールの中でもn-ヘキサナールの減少率が最も高く,筆者らが官能検査でヌカ臭の減少を認めた結果と一致した.またみりん添加により新しく検出された成分は無かった. (4) みりん添加によるアルカナール等揮発性カルボニル化合物の減少は,みりん成分と米成分間のアミノ=カルボニル反応又はその中間生成物の作用,及びみりん中のα-ジカルボニル類の作用が考えられた.また,みりん添加による炊飯米の物性変化が反応系に影響を及ぼすことが示唆された.

For every affine crystallographic subgroup I? of Aff(n), L. S. Auslander conjectured that r is virtually solvable. The purpose in the present paper is to find an algebraic condition on r which leads the affirmative answer to the conjecture. The author considers the proper discontinuity of virtually torsionfree subgroups of Aff(n) by dividing into several types as for the Zariski closure of the linear part. This method leads a partial answer of Auslander's conjecture for n 5 6.

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is volatile compound important as one of the characteristic flavor compounds of marine food products. The precursor of DMS in marine products is dimethyl-β- propiothetin (DMPT), which is abundunt in green algae. DMPT was effectively extracted by the use of hydrophilic solvents from dried hitoegusa (Monostroma nitidum), a green alga. At around pH 4 and at over pH 9, the extracted DMPT was rapidly degraded to DMS; at around pH 7.5, this degradation was much slower. The DMS obtained volatilized immediately from aqueous solution. However, when the DMPT was formed into a powder with dextrin and heated to release the DMS, 40 — 60% of the DMS remained in the powder. The amount of DMS remaining was 80 % when cyclodextrin was used to form the powder.

Effects of detergents and divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) on intact cells and envelope fraction I of Escherichia coli were examined by measuring the eclipse kinetics of bacteriophage ϕX174 and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell envelope proteins. Cell envelopes having receptor activity to convert ϕX174 to eclipsed particles (eclipsing activity) were destroyed by cationic detergent cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic detergent N-lauroyl sarcosine sodium salt (Sarkosyl), but were not destroyed by many nonionic detergents, such as Triton X-100, Pluronic PI03, Brij 58, Tween 20 and Tween 80 in the presence of divalent cations. However, nonionic detergent Span 80 caused the disruption of cell envelopes in the presence of a low concentration (1 mm) of divalent cations, but not in the presence of a higher concentration (5 mm) of divalent cations. Divalent cations were shown to stabilize the cell envelope structure and to protect the cell envelopes from solubilization by detergents.

Envelope fraction I prepared from a ϕX174 sensitive host, KD4301, showed a strong eclipsing activity, while the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fraction showed a weak activity. The eclipsing activity in envelope fraction I was sensitive to heat treatment, while that in the LPS fraction was insensitive. When the complete phage particles (114S) were treated with envelope fraction I, the eclipsed particles (70S) and a rapidly sedimenting component were obtained, but when they were treated with LPS, only 70S eclipsed particles were obtained. Electron microscopic observation showed that there were two types of eclipsed particles formed on treatment with fraction I; in one of them phage DNA was extruded from the phage particles as a thick bundle, and in the other more than 95% of the phage DNA was extruded from the phage particles. The rapidly sedimenting component was the membrane-eclipsed particle complex. LPS gave only one type of eclipsed particles in which DNA was extruded as a thick bundle. These results indicat...