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The paper proposes a new real life model and the main aim is to examine the cost benefit analysis of Textile Industry model subject to different failure and repair strategies. The reliability model comprises of three units i,e Spinning machine (S), Weaving machine (W), Colouring and Finishing machine(Cf). The working principal of the model starts with spinning machine (S) where in unit S is in operative state while as weaving machine, Colouring and Finishing machine are in ideal state. Complete failure of system is observed when all three units of system i.e. S,W and Cf are in down state. Repairperson is always available to carry out the repair activities in the system in which first priority in repair is given to Colouring and Finishing machine followed by Spinning and weaving machine. The proposed model attempts to maximize the reliability of a real life system. Reliability measures such as Mean Sojourn time, Mean time to system failure, Profit analysis of system are examined to define the performance of the reliability characteristics. For concluding the study of such model, different stochastic measures are analyzed in steady state using regenerative point technique. The tables are prepared for arbitrary values of the parameters to show the performance of some important reliability measures and to check the efficiency of the model under such situations.

The term “Stress-Strength reliability” means , where a system or an equipment with random strength X is subjected to random stress Y in a way that system breaks down, if the stress surpasses the strength. In this paper, a system is considered with standby redundancy, and it is presumed that the distinct components in the system for both stress and strength variables are independent and have different probability distributions viz. M- Transformed Exponential, Exponential, Gamma and Lindley. The expressions for the marginal reliabilities etc. based on its stress-strength models are obtained.

A new over-dispersed discrete probability model is introduced, by compounding the Poisson distribution with the weighted Ishita distribution. The statistical properties of the newly introduced distribution have been derived and discussed. Parameter estimation has been done with the application of the maximum likelihood method of estimation, followed by the Monte Carlo simulation procedure to examine the suitability of the ML estimators. In order to verify the applicability of the proposed distribution, a real-life set of data from the medical field has been analysed for modeling a count dataset representing epileptic seizure counts.

This paper aims to estimate the stress-strength reliability parameter R = P(Y < X), considering the two different cases of stress strength parameters, when the strength ‘X’ follows exponentiated inverse power Lindley distribution ,extended inverse Lindley and Stress ‘Y’ follows inverse power Lindley distribution and inverse Lindley distribution. The method of maximum likelihood estimation is used to obtain the reliability estimators. Illustrations are provided using R programming.

Better management of the systems, reducing failures, enhancing reliability and availability, minimizing operational and maintenance costs are still challenging fields for industries. In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the profit behaviour of Textile Industry with single server subject to priority of a vital unit. The System consists of three non-identical units viz, Spinning (S), Weaving (W), Colouring and Finishing (Cf). Initially unit (S) is in functional state whereas the other two units are in ideal state. System fails only if all the units are in down state. Single server is available in the system to carry out the repair activities. The units acts as fresh as new one after repairment of the failed unit. Reliability measures are examined and arbitrary values are given to different failure and repair parameters to define the performance of various reliability characteristics explicitly.

In this study, a generalization of Ailamujia distribution namely Power-Lindley Ailamujia (PLA) distribution is proposed. Some statistical properties of the proposed model are discussed. The proposed distribution is more flexible and has increasing, reverse J and bathtub hazard rates. The parameters are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Application and simulation are performed to validate the usefulness of the proposed distribution and ML estimators.

In this paper, Lindley Distribution (LD) has been expanded using member of T-X family. The new model has been named as Odd Lomax Lindley Distribution. Various statistical properties of the model has been studied. The method of Maximum Likelihood estimation (MLE) has been used to estimate the parameters. The proposed distribution offers more flexibility and has a variety of shapes for density function. To confirm the usefulness of the model, the model is subjected to two data sets which confirms it as a better fit when compared with other lifetime models.

Background: The role of common variants in leptin promoter has already been established to play a major role in obesity and diabetes in humans. The study was accordingly focused on leptin promoter variants and their potential association with diabetes and obesity in ethnic population from Kashmir, India. Methods: Allele frequencies of 620 Kashmiri subjects with diabetes (200), obese subjects (200), and ethnically matched healthy controls (200) were tested for the Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium. Among 200 obese subjects, a total of 50 persons were with diabetes. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Results: Sequence analysis revealed two reported variations i.e., rs72563764C>T and rs7799039G>A in promoter region. Both variants show homozygous as well as heterozygous genotypes. These variations indicated significant difference with respect to allelic and genotypic frequencies in all groups i.e., persons with diabetes, obese, and obese persons with diabetes (P < 0.05). We also analyzed the association of these variations with biochemical characteristics and found significant association of rs72563764C>T with triglycerides (TG) in obese patients and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and random blood sugar (RBS) in obese/persons with diabetes. Also rs7799039G>A showed association with postprandial plasma sugar (PPPS) in obese patients and FPG and resting plasma glucose (RPG) in obese persons with diabetes. Conclusions: Our results are suggestive of the association of leptin promoter gene variations i.e., rs72563764C>T and rs7799039G>A with both diabetes and obesity.

There are diverse lifetime models available to the researchers to predict the uncertain behavior of random events but at times they fail to provide adequate fit for some complex and new data sets. New probability distributions are emerging as lifetime models to meet this ever growing demand of modeling complex real world phenomena from different sciences with better efficiency. Here, in this manuscript we shall compose Ailamujia distribution with that of power series distribution. This newly developed distribution called Ailamujia power series distribution reduces to four new special lifetime models on simple specific function parametric setting. Apart from this some important mathematical properties in the form of propositions will also be discussed. Furthermore, characterization and some statistical properties that include mgf, moments, and parameter estimation have also been discussed. Finally, the potency of newly proposed model has been analyzed statistically and graphically and it has been established from the statistical analysis that newly proposed model offers a better fit when it comes to model some lifetime data set.

In this paper, a new discrete version of generalized inverse Weibull distribution is proposed using the general approach of discretization. Structural properties of the newly introduced discrete model have been discussed comprehensively. Characterization results have also been made to establish a direct link between the discrete generalized inverse Weibull distribution and its continuous counterpart. Various theorems relating a generalized inverse Weibull distribution with other probability models have also been proved. Finally, a real life count data set from medical sciences is used to illustrate the application of discrete inverse Weibull distribution.

The article deals with the effectiveness analysis of two non-identical unit system model with the priority unit and inspection facility available in the system. Both the units are active at the initial stage. Unit one is taken as priority and unit two is taken as non-priority. Unit one after the repair is considered as a degraded unit. An inspection is performed to check the feasibility of the unit, if the unit does not work properly it is replaced by a new one while as a non-priority unit after repair becomes as good as new. The system is in downstate only in case both the unit fails or are under repair. The failure of Non priority unit may be of casual nature which needs no replacement and system start functioning normally after repair.

In this research article, we study the exponentiated inverse power Lindley distribution for estimating the reliability of k-unit stress strength structure with changing values of shape parameter. The reliability has been obtained using ML estimation method in the samples developed from stress and strength population. Finally Monte Carlo techniquehas been used to compare the reliability estimates.

In genome annotation field several methods have been developed to locate the patterns of genes in genome sequence. In this paper we propose a novel method for identifying genes from protein sequences. The first step of the proposed method involves computing a position specific scoring matrix (PSSM) of protein sequences. The normalized PSSM is used to convert protein sequences into training data set. The data set is simplified by averaging the normalized values corresponding to the same amino acid that occur at more than one location of the protein sequence. The resulting training data set is used to train multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier that relates simplified normalized values of amino acid to various genes. The results of several multiclass SVMs are synergistically combined for improving the results. The proposed approach is tested on genome DNAset dataset. Empirical evaluation shows that the proposed new approach produces good results of identifying genes using protein sequences.

In this paper, we shall introduce a new class of generalized complementary compound lifetime distributions which is obtained by compounding generalized Lindley distribution with power series distribution. This new family of continuous lifetime distributions so obtained will be called Complementary Generalized Lindley Power Series (CGLPS) distribution. The proposed class of distribution contains several lifetime distributions as its special cases that are very flexible to accommodate different types of data sets since the probability density function and hazard rate can take up different forms such as increasing, decreasing and upside down bathtub shapes which have been shown through graphs for some selected values of parameters and the potentiality proposed class has been tested statistically by using it to model some real life data set.

Our objective was to study the sequence variations of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene in obese/diabetic populations of the Kashmir region and workout association of such variations (if any) with the disease phenotype. No such study has ever been taken up in the Jammu and Kashmir State, despite the existence of a significant population of obese/diabetic patients. A total of 420 samples were taken in the present study. Among them 200 were obese and 220 were normal. The samples were divided into three groups i.e., normal (220), obese with non diabetics (150) and obese with diabetics (50). Allele frequencies were tested for Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium. The genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated using the ?2 tests or the Fisher exact tests. A novel heterozygous variation (Glu42Lys) was observed in all groups at a frequency of 10% in obese with non diabetics, 26% in obese with diabetics and 1.81% in healthy controls (BMI ? 23 kg/m2) which was significantly (p

Different mutations in coding and non-coding sequences of the SERPINA1 gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. However, − 10T/C mutation in the hepatocyte-directed promoter region has not been associated with COPD pathogenesis so far. Here, we report an increased frequency of − 10C genotype that is associated with decreased levels of serum alpha1-antitrypsin (α1AT) in COPD patients. The quantification of serum α1AT was done by ELISA, the phenol–chloroform method was used for DNA extraction, PCR products were directly sequenced. The IBM SPSS Statistics v21 software was used for statistical analyses of the data. The mean serum α1AT level was found to be 1.203+0.239 and 3.162+0.160 g/L in COPD cases and in control, respectively. The − 10C allele is associated with an increased risk of COPD [OR, 3.50 (95%CI, 1.86-6.58); p < 0.001]. The combined variant genotype (TT+CC) was significantly found associated with an increased risk of COPD [OR, 3.20 (95% CI, 1.47-6.96); p = 0.003]. A significant association of the family history with COPD (overall p value= 0.0331) suggests that genetics may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. The polymorphism associated with hepatocyte-specific promoter region (− 10T/C) is likely to be associated with the pathogenesis of COPD. It is quite possible that the change of the base in the hepatocyte-specific promoter of the SERPINA1 gene can modulate its strength, thereby driving the reduced expression of α1AT.

In a system with standby redundancy, there are a number of components only one of which works at a time and the other remain as standbys. When an impact of stress exceeds the strength of the active component, for the first time, it fails and another from standbys, if there is any, is activated and faces the impact of stresses, not necessarily identical as faced by the preceding component and the system fails when all the components have failed. Sriwastav and Kakaty (1981) assumed that the components stress-strengths are similarly distributed. However, in general the stress distributions will be different from the strength distributions not only in parameter values but also in forms, because stresses are independent of strengths and the two are governed by different physical conditions. Assume the components in the system for both stress and strength are independent and follow different probability distributions viz. Exponential, Gamma, Lindley. Different conditions for stress and strength were considered. Under these assumptions the reliabilities of the system have been obtained with the help of the particular forms of density functions of n-standby system when all stress-strengths are random variables. The expressions for the marginal reliabilities R(1), R(2), R(3) etc. have been obtained based on its stress-strength models. Results obtained by J. Gogoi and M. Bohra are particular case presentations.

Discrete distributions have played an important role in the reliability theory. In order to obtain Bayes estimators, researchers have adopted various conventional techniques. Generalizing the results of Maiti (1995), Chaturvadi and Tomer (2002) dealt with the problem of estimating P{X1, X2, …, Xk ≤ Y}, where random variables X and Y were assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution. Agit et al. obtained Bayesian estimates of the reliability functions and P{X1, X2, …, Xk ≤ Y} considering X and Y following binomial and Poisson distributions. The reliability function of the generalized Poisson and generalized geometric distribution is investigated. The expression for P{X1, X2, …, Xk ≤ Y} was obtained with X’s and Y following a Poisson distribution and some particular cases are shown.

Benefits of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially the web 2.0 tools, like blogs and podcasts in English Language Teaching (ELT) classrooms have been confirmed by research conducted in the context of developed countries. Lack of infrastructure and a forward looking policy is hampering developing countries like India to reap the benefits of ICT. The present study reports the outcome of a survey conducted to find out the available ICT infrastructure and its use in colleges of one of Kashmir division of the northern state of Jammu and Kashmir of India. It further aims to highlight the benefits of using blogs and podcasts in ELT.

Adequate ICT tools that support both traditional and emerging engineering education have been developed, however, their adoption is not up to the mark in developing countries primarily due to lack of sufficient infrastructural facilities and competent human resources besides socio-economical, socio-cultural, and linguistic challenges. This paper deliberates upon the applications of e-learning and its current practice in engineering education. It reports results of a survey conducted to examine adoption of ICT and e-learning tools in engineering institutions of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The results are discussed in light of relevant research to suggest recommendations for improving e-learning implementations in engineering education.

High myopia is a complex disorder that imposes serious consequences on ocular health. Linkage analysis has identified several genetic loci with a series of potential candidate genes that reveal an ambiguous pattern of association with high myopia due to population heterogeneity. We have accordingly chosen to examine the prospect of association of one such gene [transforming growth β-induced factor 1 (TGIF1)] in population that is purely ethnic (Kashmiri) and represents a homogeneous cohort from Northern India.Cases with high myopia with a spherical equivalent of ≥-6 diopters (D) and emmetropic controls with spherical equivalent within ±0.5 D in one or both eyes represented by a sample size of 212 ethnic Kashmiri subjects and 239 matched controls. Genomic DNA was genotyped for sequence variations in TGIF1 gene and allele frequencies tested for Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. Potential association was evaluated using χ(2) or Fisher's exact test.Two previously reported missense variations C T, rs4468717 (first base of codon 143) changing proline to serine and rs2229333 (second base of codon 143) changing proline to leucine were identified in exon 10 of TGIF1. Both variations exhibited possibly significant (p 0.05) association with the disease phenotype. Since the variant allele frequency of both the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cases is higher than controls with odds ratio greater than 1.Therefore, variant allele of both the single-nucleotide polymorphisms represents the possible risk factor for myopia in the Kashmiri population. In silico predictions show that substitutions are likely to have an impact on the structure and functional properties of the protein, making it imperative to understand their functional consequences in relation to high myopia.TGIF1 is a relevant candidate gene with potential to contribute in the genesis of high myopia.

In this paper, we studied a two-parameter transmuted model of Log-logistic distribution (LLD) using the quadratic rank transmutation map technique studied by Shaw and Buckley1 as a new survival model in medical sciences and other applied fields. Statistical properties of Transmuted LLD (TLLD) are discussed comprehensively. Robust measures of skewness and kurtosis of the proposed model have also been discussed along with graphical overview. The estimation of the model parameters is performed by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method followed by a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation procedure to investigate the performance of the ML estimators and the asymptotic confidence intervals of the parameters. Applications of the proposed model to real-life data are also presented.

In this paper, we introduce a new discrete model by compounding two parameter discrete Weibull distribution with Beta distribution of first kind. The proposed model can be nested to different compound distributions on specific parameter settings. The model is a good competitive for zero-inflated models. In addition, we present the basic properties of the new distribution and discuss unimodality, failure rate functions and index of dispersion. Finally, the model is examined with real-life count data from medical sciences to investigate the suitability of the proposed model.

Aims and objectives Variations in drug metabolizing genes are known to have a clinical impact on AED therapy. We genotyped normal and epileptic patient cohorts of monoethnic population of Kashmir valley for CYP2C9 gene and allelic polymorphism and investigated the effect of CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetic and therapeutic and/or adverse pharmacodynamic responses to Phenytoin in the idiopathic epilepsy patients. Methods PCR-RFLP methods were used for genotyping of 121 normal controls and 92 idiopathic epilepsy patients for CYP2C9*2 and *3 polymorphism, the results were validated by direct sequencing. Phenytoin pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis in idiopathic epilepsy patients was done using a validated EMIT assay technique. Pharmacodynamic analysis was done by evaluating clinical response to phenytoin therapy and ADR monitoring. Results The respective frequencies of CYP2C9 *1, *2, and *3 alleles were 64%, 6.6%, 29.3%, and 58%, 9.8%, 32.6% in controls and idiopathic epilepsy patients from Kashmir valley. PK analysis revealed that AUC0–4 was a better surrogate biomarker of CYP2C9 metabolizer status compared to C4 and C0 concentrations alone. A comparison of “phenytoin response categories” among CYP2C9 Wild and Heterozygous groups did not reveal any significant difference between the groups (p=0.3800). Conclusion CYP2C9* 3 was the most frequent mutant allele found in healthy controls and idiopathic epilepsy patients of ethnic Kashmiri population. CYP2C9 genotype based phenytoin therapy is highly relevant in Kashmiri population due to a high incidence of genetic variations associated with therapeutic and adverse responses to phenytoin. Phenytoin AUC0–4 tends to correlate better with genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9.

In this paper, we have assessed the role of changing physicochemical parameters and substrate types on the production of α-amylase enzyme from Penicillium chrysogenum, with a view to determining the optimal conditions required for its maximum production. The findings of this research revealed that, at pH 6 using linseed oil cake as substratum, α-amylase enzyme production was maximum (550.0 U/mL), when the fungi was incubated for 6 days at 30 °C in 0.1 M acetate buffer. Further, reasonably good production of the α-amylase enzyme was also observed at pH 9 with all the experimented carbon sources as substrates. Moreover, statistical analysis, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) carried out to study the impact of different studied parameters on the α-amylase enzyme production revealed that incubation period of 6-18 days is highly significant (p = 0.01) factor in amylotic activity of the P. chrysogenum. Under the researched out optimal conditions, P. chrysogenum is an economically viable option for the industrial and biotechnological production of α-amylase enzyme.