289 results on '"Tapani, Andreas"'
Search Results
2. Development of a large-scale transport model with focus on cycling
- Author
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Liu, Chengxi, Tapani, Andreas, Kristoffersson, Ida, Rydergren, Clas, and Jonsson, Daniel
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Analysis of a cooperative variable speed limit system using microscopic traffic simulation
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Grumert, Ellen, Ma, Xiaoliang, and Tapani, Andreas
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A Model for Traffic Simulation of Flared Rural Road Intersections
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Strömgren, Per, Olstam, Johan, and Tapani, Andreas
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- 2015
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5. Discrete Event Simulation of Bus Terminals: A Modular Approach with a High Spatial Resolution
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Lindberg, Therese, Johansson, Fredrik, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Local transit - Abstract
Interchange stations with their many connecting modes and lines are central for a high-quality public transport system. Bus access at the station needs to operate reliably and efficiently in order to prevent congestion and queues. To this end, a conceptual simulation model for evaluation of bus terminal operations is presented in this paper. It is based on discrete event simulation and able to describe the detailed movements and interactions that occur between vehicles at larger terminals. The model has a modular approach, where common spatial sections at terminals are represented by modules that can be easily combined into many different terminal layouts. An implementation of the model is presented and, as a first sensitivity test, applied in a numerical experiment representing Norrköping interchange station in Sweden. The results indicate that the model can be a useful tool in planning processes., Author(s): Therese Lindberg (corresponding author) [1,2,3]; Fredrik Johansson [1,3]; Anders Peterson [2]; Andreas Tapani [4] 1. Introduction A high-quality public transport system is becoming increasingly important for cities all over [...]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Estimating Traffic System Wide Impacts of Driver Assistance Systems Using Traffic Simulation
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Tapani, Andreas, Cacciabue, P. Carlo, editor, Hjälmdahl, Magnus, editor, Luedtke, Andreas, editor, and Riccioli, Costanza, editor
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Exploring Driver Behaviour Using Simulated Worlds
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Tapani, Andreas, Anund, Anna, Reed, Nick, Stevens, Alan, Bekiaris, Evangelos, editor, Wiethoff, Marion, editor, and Gaitanidou, Evangelia, editor
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Models on the Road
- Author
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Benz, Thomas, Gaitanidou, Evangelia, Tapani, Andreas, Toffolo, Silvana, Yannis, George, Spyropoulou, Ioanna, Bekiaris, Evangelos, editor, Wiethoff, Marion, editor, and Gaitanidou, Evangelia, editor
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- 2011
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- View/download PDF
9. Watch Out! Something Precious is Moving
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Anund, Anna, Tapani, Andreas, Chalkia, Eleni, Bekiaris, Evangelos, editor, Wiethoff, Marion, editor, and Gaitanidou, Evangelia, editor
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Characteristics of variable speed limit systems
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Grumert, Ellen F., Tapani, Andreas, and Ma, Xiaoliang
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Unified Driver Model simulation and its application to the automotive, rail and maritime domains
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Cacciabue, Pietro Carlo, Enjalbert, Simon, Söderberg, Håkan, and Tapani, Andreas
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- 2013
- Full Text
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12. Impacts of a Cooperative Variable Speed Limit System
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Grumert, Ellen and Tapani, Andreas
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- 2012
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- View/download PDF
13. A Review of Guidelines for Applying Traffic Simulation to Level-of-service Analysis
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Olstam, Johan and Tapani, Andreas
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- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Overtaking assistant assessment using traffic simulation
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Hegeman, Geertje, Tapani, Andreas, and Hoogendoorn, Serge
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Traffic State Estimation Using Connected Vehicles and Stationary Detectors
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen F. and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Infrastructure (Economics) -- Usage - Abstract
Real-time traffic state estimation is of importance for efficient traffic management. This is especially the case for traffic management systems that require fast detection of changes in the traffic conditions in order to apply an effective control measure. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the traffic state and speed and density, by using connected vehicles combined with stationary detectors. The aim is to allow fast and accurate estimation of changes in the traffic conditions. The proposed method does only require information about the speed and the position of connected vehicles and can make use of sparsely located stationary detectors to limit the dependence on the infrastructure equipment. An evaluation of the proposed method is carried out by microscopic traffic simulation. The traffic state estimated using the proposed method is compared to the true simulated traffic state. Further, the density estimates are compared to density estimates from one detector-based method, one combined method, and one connected- vehicle-based method. The results of the study show that the proposed method is a promising alternative for estimating the traffic state in traffic management applications., 1. Introduction Density, speed, and flow are important measures for describing the characteristics of the traffic on a road segment. The density of traffic is defined as the number of [...]
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- 2018
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- View/download PDF
16. Microsimulation of Bus Terminals: A Case Study from Stockholm
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Lindberg, Therese, primary, Johansson, Fredrik, additional, Peterson, Anders, additional, and Tapani, Andreas, additional
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
17. Bottleneck mitigation through a variable speedlimit system using connected vehicles
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, Grumert, Ellen, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Variable speed limit (VSL) systems are used to improve the traffic conditions by adjusting the speed limits based on the current traffic situation. Advances in vehicle technology have made it possible to use connected vehicles in VSL systems. Connected vehicles can continuously transmit information about their speed and location, which can be used to estimate the current traffic conditions at arbitrary locations. In this study, we propose a VSL system based on connected vehicles. The aim is to also allow application of VSLs for non-recurrent bottleneck mitigation at arbitrary locations, unlike today's systems which require densely placed detectors or are limited to beforehand known bottleneck locations. The proposed system is evaluated by microscopic traffic simulation. The results indicate that the VSL system manage to improve traffic efficiency in a simulated incident scenario.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Microsimulation Of Bus Terminals : A Case Study From Stockholm
- Author
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Lindberg, Therese, Johansson, Fredrik, Peterson, Anders, Tapani, Andreas, Lindberg, Therese, Johansson, Fredrik, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
When new bus terminals are being planned or existing ones redesigned, suitable tools that are able todescribe the complex situation at a terminal are needed. Using microsimulation, vehicle movements andinteractions can be simulated and the congestion and capacity of a terminal can be evaluated. In this study,a discrete event simulation model is used in a case study of the Slussen bus terminal in Stockholm, Sweden.The model is calibrated and validated with empirical data that are automatically collected at the terminal.Already with this limited amount of data, the parameter time per boarding passenger can be calibrated witha relative error less than 1 % and the validation gives further insights into the data needed for calibrationof a terminal simulation model.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Variable speed limits for Stockholm’s urban motorways : effects of different algorithms and the possibility to control by the use of estimated traffic states
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Algorithm ,Motorway ,Transportteknik och logistik ,Traffic control ,Micro ,Traffic ,Macro ,Simulation ,Transport Systems and Logistics ,Variable speed limit ,Traffic flow - Abstract
Variabla hastighetsgränser är väl utbrett på Stockholms stadsnära motorvägar och en del av Stockholms Motorway Control System (MCS). Målet med dagens system är att minska risken för olyckor och följdolyckor vid låga hastigheter, trafikstockningar m.m. Detta görs genom att mäta medelhastigheten med hjälp av fasta detektorer och uppdatera hastigheten som visas på variabla meddelandeskyltar utifrån rådande trafiktillstånd. I och med att efterfrågan på resor i Stockholm under rusningstid överstiger den tillgängliga kapaciteten i vägnätet är behovet av ett effektivt trafiksystem stort. Variabla hastighetsgränser kan bidra till ökad framkomlighet, men då dagens system har som målsättning att öka säkerheten är effekter som leder till ökad framkomlighet begränsade. Dessutom finns det i dagens system ett stort beroende av fungerande detektorer som mäter trafiktillståndet så korrekt som möjligt för att valet av hastighet ska kunna bestämmas på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka alternativa styralgoritmer för att bestämma variabla hastighetsgränser på Stockholms motorvägsnät. Målet är att öka framkomligheten jämfört med dagens system. Två olika sträckor med olika komplexitet, trafiksituation och problematik studeras. Valet av studerade styralgoritmer för de olika sträckorna väljs för att på bästa sätt motverka den problematiken som uppstår på de specifika sträckorna. Därmed kan val av algoritmer komma att skilja sig åt beroende på sträcka. I projektet utvärderas också om estimering av trafiktillståndet kan användas för att förbättra informationsflödet till algoritmerna då detektorer inte fungerar som de ska eller helt saknas, vilket i sin tur kan leda till förbättrad anpassning av de variabla hastighetsgränserna. Detta görs av för en av de studerade sträckorna. Styralgoritmerna utvärderas med mikroskopisk trafiksimulering och metoden utvecklad i projektet Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), som bygger på en makroskopisk trafikflödesmodell och Kalman filtrering, används för estimering av trafiktillståndet. Variable speed limits are commonly used on Stockholm’s urban motorways, and it is part of the Stockholm Motorway Control System (MCS). The goal of today’s system is to reduce the risk of accidents during congested conditions, traffic jams etc. This is done by updating the speed limits shown on variable message signs based on a measured average speed at fixed detectors. As the demand for travel in Stockholm during peak-hours exceeds the available capacity in the road network, the need for an efficient traffic system is high. Variable speed limit systems have the possibility to contribute to increased efficiency, but since today’s system aims to increase safety, effects that lead to increased efficiency are limited. Further, in todays’ variable speed limit systems there are a large dependency of precise and available measurements from stationary detectors to be able to display speed limits that reflects the current traffic conditions. The purpose of this report is to investigate alternative control algorithms to decide on the variable speed limits to be displayed at variable message signs on the urban motorway of Stockholm. The goal is to increase efficiency compared to today's system. Two different road stretches with different complexity and different traffic conditions, resulting in two different types of congestion, are studied. Thereby, the studied control algorithms on the two road stretches are chosen based on the possibility of solving a specific problematic traffic situation in the best way. Hence, the studied control algorithms might differ for the two road stretches. Furthermore, for one of the roads stretches it is investigated if estimation of the traffic state can be used as input to the control algorithm as a complement to missing and erogenous measurements from stationary detectors in order to improve the calculations of the variable speed limits. The control algorithms are evaluated with microscopic traffic simulation and the method developed in the project Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), using a macroscopic traffic flow model together with a Kalman filter, is used for estimation of the traffic state.
- Published
- 2019
20. Variable speed limits for Stockholm’s urban motorways : Effects of differentalgorithms and the possibility to control by the use of estimated traffic states
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
variable speed limits ,Transportteknik och logistik ,macroscopic traffic simulation ,Traffic control ,Trafikstyrning ,microscopic traffic simulation ,prediktiv styrning ,mikroskopisk trafiksimulering ,makroskopisk trafiksimulering ,predictive control ,variabla hastighetsgränser ,Transport Systems and Logistics - Abstract
Variabla hastighetsgränser är väl utbrett på Stockholms stadsnära motorvägar och en del av Stockholms Motorway Control System (MCS). Målet med dagens system är att minska risken för olyckor och följdolyckor vid låga hastigheter, trafikstockningar m.m. Detta görs genom att mäta medelhastigheten med hjälp av fasta detektorer och uppdatera hastigheten som visas på variabla meddelandeskyltar utifrån rådande trafiktillstånd. I och med att efterfrågan på resor i Stockholm under rusningstid överstiger den tillgängliga kapaciteten i vägnätet är behovet av ett effektivt trafiksystem stort. Variabla hastighetsgränser kan bidra till ökad framkomlighet, men då dagens system har som målsättning att öka säkerheten är effekter som leder till ökad framkomlighet begränsade. Dessutom finns det i dagens system ett stort beroende av fungerande detektorer som mäter trafiktillståndet så korrekt som möjligt för att valet av hastighet ska kunna bestämmas på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka alternativa styralgoritmer för att bestämma variabla hastighetsgränser på Stockholms motorvägsnät. Målet är att öka framkomligheten jämfört med dagens system. Två olika sträckor med olika komplexitet, trafiksituation och problematik studeras. Valet av studerade styralgoritmer för de olika sträckorna väljs för att på bästa sätt motverka den problematiken som uppstår på de specifika sträckorna. Därmed kan val av algoritmer komma att skilja sig åt beroende på sträcka. I projektet utvärderas också om estimering av trafiktillståndet kan användas för att förbättra informationsflödet till algoritmerna då detektorer inte fungerar som de ska eller helt saknas, vilket i sin tur kan leda till förbättrad anpassning av de variabla hastighetsgränserna. Detta görs av för en av de studerade sträckorna. Styralgoritmerna utvärderas med mikroskopisk trafiksimulering och metoden utvecklad i projektet Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), som bygger på en makroskopisk trafikflödesmodell och Kalman filtrering, används för estimering av trafiktillståndet. Resultatet visar att det finns styralgoritmer med potential att öka framkomligheten. Valet av styralgoritm är dock beroende av typ av trafiksituation, vägdesignens komplexitet och trafikförhållanden på vägen. Det betyder att olika styralgoritmer kan prestera olika bra beroende på vilken vägsträcka man studerar. Vidare är estimering av trafiktillståndet användbart vid förlorad information på grund av icke-fungerande detektorer eller som komplement till detektorer för att minska mängden stationär utrustning. Variable speed limits are commonly used on Stockholm’s urban motorways, and it is part of the Stockholm Motorway Control System (MCS). The goal of today’s system is to reduce the risk of accidents during congested conditions, traffic jams etc. This is done by updating the speed limits shown on variable message signs based on a measured average speed at fixed detectors. As the demand for travel in Stockholm during peak-hours exceeds the available capacity in the road network, the need for an efficient traffic system is high. Variable speed limit systems have the possibility to contribute to increased efficiency, but since today’s system aims to increase safety, effects that lead to increased efficiency are limited. Further, in todays’ variable speed limit systems there are a large dependency of precise and available measurements from stationary detectors to be able to display speed limits that reflects the current traffic conditions. The purpose of this report is to investigate alternative control algorithms to decide on the variable speed limits to be displayed at variable message signs on the urban motorway of Stockholm. The goal is to increase efficiency compared to today's system. Two different road stretches with different complexity and different traffic conditions, resulting in two different types of congestion, are studied. Thereby, the studied control algorithms on the two road stretches are chosen based on the possibility of solving a specific problematic traffic situation in the best way. Hence, the studied control algorithms might differ for the two road stretches. Furthermore, for one of the roads stretches it is investigated if estimation of the traffic state can be used as input to the control algorithm as a complement to missing and erogenous measurements from stationary detectors in order to improve the calculations of the variable speed limits. The control algorithms are evaluated with microscopic traffic simulation and the method developed in the project Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), using a macroscopic traffic flow model together with a Kalman filter, is used for estimation of the traffic state. The result shows that there are control algorithms with the potential to increase efficiency. However, the choice of suitable control algorithm for improving traffic efficiency is dependent on the traffic situation, the complexity of the road design and the traffic conditions. Furthermore, estimation of the traffic state is useful when information is lost due to malfunctioning detectors or as a complement to reduce the amount of stationary detectors.
- Published
- 2019
21. A transport model with focus on bicycle trips : model development and scenario analysis
- Author
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Liu, Chengxi, Tapani, Andreas, Kristoffersson, Ida, Rydergren, Clas, and Jonsson, Daniel
- Subjects
Transportteknik och logistik ,Bicycle ,Journey ,Cycling ,Forecast ,Model (not math) ,Calculation ,Transport Systems and Logistics - Abstract
Ökad andel resor med hållbara färdmedel är en förutsättning för att kombinera fortsatt tillväxt med minskad resursförbrukning och miljöpåverkan. I många europeiska städer har cykel blivit ett alltmer populärt färdmedel under de senaste decennierna. Dagens storskaliga transportmodeller, som utgör viktiga verktyg för utvärderingar och samhällsekonomiska analyser, är dock oftast fokuserade på modellering av resor med bil eller kollektivtrafik. Den här rapporten presenterar en tur-baserad transportmodell med syfte att bättre modellera cykelresor. Nyheterna i denna modell är bland annat ett detaljerat cykelnät som innehåller mer än 200 000 länkar och att modellen nyttjar en mer detaljerad zonindelning. Jämfört med nuvarande verktyget för samhällsekonomisk analys av cykelåtgärder, GCkalk, beskriver modellen ett fullständigt utbud och efterfrågan för cykel på detaljerad geografisk nivå. Modellen har skattats på data från den senaste resvaneundersökningen i Stockholms län från 2015 och representerar därmed observerat resebeteende. Modellen beaktar även cykel som anslutningsfärdmedel till resor med kollektivtrafik. Därigenom behandlar modellen cykel- och kollektivtrafik både som konkurrerande och som komplementära färdmedel och modellen kan utvärdera effekten av en förbättring av cykelinfrastrukturen på både enbart cykelresande och på cykel som anslutningsfärdmedel till kollektivtrafikstationer. Modellen är validerad mot cykelräkningar i Stockholm stad från september och oktober 2015. Modellen har testats på sex scenarier valda från Stockholms stads investeringsplan. Resultaten visar att investeringarna har en begränsad effekt på överflyttning mellan färdmedel och en måttlig effekt på befintliga cyklisters ruttval, restid och generaliserad kostnad. Encouraging the use of active travel modes such as walking and cycling is vital for ensuring a sustainable urban development. In many European metropolitan areas, cycling is becoming increasingly popular within the recent decades. On the other hand, large-scale transport models, which serve as the main tools for policy evaluation and cost-benefit analysis, are often designed for modelling motorised travel modes such as private car and public transport. This study presents a tourbased transport model to better model cycling demand and supply. First, it uses a detailed bicycle network containing more than 200,000 links, covering the whole Greater Stockholm Area. Second, the model utilizes a refined zoning system with totally 5 808 zones each of the size of 250 m×250 m covering the entire Greater Stockholm Area. Third, the model is estimated on the newest Stockholm travel survey 2015, and therefore the model can represent travel behaviour that is up-to-date. In addition to the improvements mentioned above, the model also considers cycling as an access travel mode to a trip by public transport. Therefore, the model treats cycling and public transport as both competing and complementary modes, and the model is capable of evaluating the impact of an improvement in bicycle infrastructure on cycling, as well as on cycling to public transport stations. The model is then validated against bicycle count data from the City of Stockholm. Six scenarios are tested according to the investment plan from the City of Stockholm. The results show that the investments have a limited effect on modal shift but a moderate effect on the existing cyclists' route choice, travel time and generalised cost.
- Published
- 2019
22. Variabla hastighetsgränser för Stockholms motorvägsnät : effekter av alternativa algoritmer och möjligheter till styrning genom estimerade trafiktillstånd
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, Tapani, Andreas, Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Variabla hastighetsgränser är väl utbrett på Stockholms stadsnära motorvägar och en del av Stockholms Motorway Control System (MCS). Målet med dagens system är att minska risken för olyckor och följdolyckor vid låga hastigheter, trafikstockningar m.m. Detta görs genom att mäta medelhastigheten med hjälp av fasta detektorer och uppdatera hastigheten som visas på variabla meddelandeskyltar utifrån rådande trafiktillstånd. I och med att efterfrågan på resor i Stockholm under rusningstid överstiger den tillgängliga kapaciteten i vägnätet är behovet av ett effektivt trafiksystem stort. Variabla hastighetsgränser kan bidra till ökad framkomlighet, men då dagens system har som målsättning att öka säkerheten är effekter som leder till ökad framkomlighet begränsade. Dessutom finns det i dagens system ett stort beroende av fungerande detektorer som mäter trafiktillståndet så korrekt som möjligt för att valet av hastighet ska kunna bestämmas på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka alternativa styralgoritmer för att bestämma variabla hastighetsgränser på Stockholms motorvägsnät. Målet är att öka framkomligheten jämfört med dagens system. Två olika sträckor med olika komplexitet, trafiksituation och problematik studeras. Valet av studerade styralgoritmer för de olika sträckorna väljs för att på bästa sätt motverka den problematiken som uppstår på de specifika sträckorna. Därmed kan val av algoritmer komma att skilja sig åt beroende på sträcka. I projektet utvärderas också om estimering av trafiktillståndet kan användas för att förbättra informationsflödet till algoritmerna då detektorer inte fungerar som de ska eller helt saknas, vilket i sin tur kan leda till förbättrad anpassning av de variabla hastighetsgränserna. Detta görs av för en av de studerade sträckorna. Styralgoritmerna utvärderas med mikroskopisk trafiksimulering och metoden utvecklad i projektet Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), som bygger på en makroskopisk trafikflödesmodell och Kalma, Variable speed limits are commonly used on Stockholm’s urban motorways, and it is part of the Stockholm Motorway Control System (MCS). The goal of today’s system is to reduce the risk of accidents during congested conditions, traffic jams etc. This is done by updating the speed limits shown on variable message signs based on a measured average speed at fixed detectors. As the demand for travel in Stockholm during peak-hours exceeds the available capacity in the road network, the need for an efficient traffic system is high. Variable speed limit systems have the possibility to contribute to increased efficiency, but since today’s system aims to increase safety, effects that lead to increased efficiency are limited. Further, in todays’ variable speed limit systems there are a large dependency of precise and available measurements from stationary detectors to be able to display speed limits that reflects the current traffic conditions. The purpose of this report is to investigate alternative control algorithms to decide on the variable speed limits to be displayed at variable message signs on the urban motorway of Stockholm. The goal is to increase efficiency compared to today's system. Two different road stretches with different complexity and different traffic conditions, resulting in two different types of congestion, are studied. Thereby, the studied control algorithms on the two road stretches are chosen based on the possibility of solving a specific problematic traffic situation in the best way. Hence, the studied control algorithms might differ for the two road stretches. Furthermore, for one of the roads stretches it is investigated if estimation of the traffic state can be used as input to the control algorithm as a complement to missing and erogenous measurements from stationary detectors in order to improve the calculations of the variable speed limits. The control algorithms are evaluated with microscopic traffic simulation and the method developed in the p
- Published
- 2019
23. En transportmodell med fokus på cykeltrafik : modellutveckling och scenarioanalyser
- Author
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Liu, Chengxi, Tapani, Andreas, Kristoffersson, Ida, Rydergren, Clas, Jonsson, Daniel, Liu, Chengxi, Tapani, Andreas, Kristoffersson, Ida, Rydergren, Clas, and Jonsson, Daniel
- Abstract
Ökad andel resor med hållbara färdmedel är en förutsättning för att kombinera fortsatt tillväxt med minskad resursförbrukning och miljöpåverkan. I många europeiska städer har cykel blivit ett alltmer populärt färdmedel under de senaste decennierna. Dagens storskaliga transportmodeller, som utgör viktiga verktyg för utvärderingar och samhällsekonomiska analyser, är dock oftast fokuserade på modellering av resor med bil eller kollektivtrafik. Den här rapporten presenterar en tur-baserad transportmodell med syfte att bättre modellera cykelresor. Nyheterna i denna modell är bland annat ett detaljerat cykelnät som innehåller mer än 200 000 länkar och att modellen nyttjar en mer detaljerad zonindelning. Jämfört med nuvarande verktyget för samhällsekonomisk analys av cykelåtgärder, GCkalk, beskriver modellen ett fullständigt utbud och efterfrågan för cykel på detaljerad geografisk nivå. Modellen har skattats på data från den senaste resvaneundersökningen i Stockholms län från 2015 och representerar därmed observerat resebeteende. Modellen beaktar även cykel som anslutningsfärdmedel till resor med kollektivtrafik. Därigenom behandlar modellen cykel- och kollektivtrafik både som konkurrerande och som komplementära färdmedel och modellen kan utvärdera effekten av en förbättring av cykelinfrastrukturen på både enbart cykelresande och på cykel som anslutningsfärdmedel till kollektivtrafikstationer. Modellen är validerad mot cykelräkningar i Stockholm stad från september och oktober 2015. Modellen har testats på sex scenarier valda från Stockholms stads investeringsplan. Resultaten visar att investeringarna har en begränsad effekt på överflyttning mellan färdmedel och en måttlig effekt på befintliga cyklisters ruttval, restid och generaliserad kostnad., Encouraging the use of active travel modes such as walking and cycling is vital for ensuring a sustainable urban development. In many European metropolitan areas, cycling is becoming increasingly popular within the recent decades. On the other hand, large-scale transport models, which serve as the main tools for policy evaluation and cost-benefit analysis, are often designed for modelling motorised travel modes such as private car and public transport. This study presents a tourbased transport model to better model cycling demand and supply. First, it uses a detailed bicycle network containing more than 200,000 links, covering the whole Greater Stockholm Area. Second, the model utilizes a refined zoning system with totally 5 808 zones each of the size of 250 m×250 m covering the entire Greater Stockholm Area. Third, the model is estimated on the newest Stockholm travel survey 2015, and therefore the model can represent travel behaviour that is up-to-date. In addition to the improvements mentioned above, the model also considers cycling as an access travel mode to a trip by public transport. Therefore, the model treats cycling and public transport as both competing and complementary modes, and the model is capable of evaluating the impact of an improvement in bicycle infrastructure on cycling, as well as on cycling to public transport stations. The model is then validated against bicycle count data from the City of Stockholm. Six scenarios are tested according to the investment plan from the City of Stockholm. The results show that the investments have a limited effect on modal shift but a moderate effect on the existing cyclists' route choice, travel time and generalised cost.
- Published
- 2019
24. Variabla hastighetsgränser för Stockholms motorvägsnät : Effekter av alternativa algoritmer och möjligheter till styrning genom skattade trafiktillstånd
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, Tapani, Andreas, Grumert, Ellen, Bernhardsson, Viktor, Ekström, Joakim, Gundlegård, David, Ringdahl, Rasmus, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Variabla hastighetsgränser är väl utbrett på Stockholms stadsnära motorvägar och en del av Stockholms Motorway Control System (MCS). Målet med dagens system är att minska risken för olyckor och följdolyckor vid låga hastigheter, trafikstockningar m.m. Detta görs genom att mäta medelhastigheten med hjälp av fasta detektorer och uppdatera hastigheten som visas på variabla meddelandeskyltar utifrån rådande trafiktillstånd. I och med att efterfrågan på resor i Stockholm under rusningstid överstiger den tillgängliga kapaciteten i vägnätet är behovet av ett effektivt trafiksystem stort. Variabla hastighetsgränser kan bidra till ökad framkomlighet, men då dagens system har som målsättning att öka säkerheten är effekter som leder till ökad framkomlighet begränsade. Dessutom finns det i dagens system ett stort beroende av fungerande detektorer som mäter trafiktillståndet så korrekt som möjligt för att valet av hastighet ska kunna bestämmas på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med den här rapporten är att undersöka alternativa styralgoritmer för att bestämma variabla hastighetsgränser på Stockholms motorvägsnät. Målet är att öka framkomligheten jämfört med dagens system. Två olika sträckor med olika komplexitet, trafiksituation och problematik studeras. Valet av studerade styralgoritmer för de olika sträckorna väljs för att på bästa sätt motverka den problematiken som uppstår på de specifika sträckorna. Därmed kan val av algoritmer komma att skilja sig åt beroende på sträcka. I projektet utvärderas också om estimering av trafiktillståndet kan användas för att förbättra informationsflödet till algoritmerna då detektorer inte fungerar som de ska eller helt saknas, vilket i sin tur kan leda till förbättrad anpassning av de variabla hastighetsgränserna. Detta görs av för en av de studerade sträckorna. Styralgoritmerna utvärderas med mikroskopisk trafiksimulering och metoden utvecklad i projektet Mobile Millenium Stockholm (MMS), som bygger på en makroskopisk trafikflödesmodell och Kalma, Variable speed limits are commonly used on Stockholm’s urban motorways, and it is part of the Stockholm Motorway Control System (MCS). The goal of today’s system is to reduce the risk of accidents during congested conditions, traffic jams etc. This is done by updating the speed limits shown on variable message signs based on a measured average speed at fixed detectors. As the demand for travel in Stockholm during peak-hours exceeds the available capacity in the road network, the need for an efficient traffic system is high. Variable speed limit systems have the possibility to contribute to increased efficiency, but since today’s system aims to increase safety, effects that lead to increased efficiency are limited. Further, in todays’ variable speed limit systems there are a large dependency of precise and available measurements from stationary detectors to be able to display speed limits that reflects the current traffic conditions. The purpose of this report is to investigate alternative control algorithms to decide on the variable speed limits to be displayed at variable message signs on the urban motorway of Stockholm. The goal is to increase efficiency compared to today's system. Two different road stretches with different complexity and different traffic conditions, resulting in two different types of congestion, are studied. Thereby, the studied control algorithms on the two road stretches are chosen based on the possibility of solving a specific problematic traffic situation in the best way. Hence, the studied control algorithms might differ for the two road stretches. Furthermore, for one of the roads stretches it is investigated if estimation of the traffic state can be used as input to the control algorithm as a complement to missing and erogenous measurements from stationary detectors in order to improve the calculations of the variable speed limits. The control algorithms are evaluated with microscopic traffic simulation and the method developed in the p
- Published
- 2019
25. Bottleneck mitigation through a variable speed limit system using connected vehicles
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen F., primary and Tapani, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Traffic State Estimation Using Connected Vehicles and Stationary Detectors
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Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, Grumert, Ellen, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Real-time traffic state estimation is of importance for efficient traffic management. This is especially the case for traffic management systems that require fast detection of changes in the traffic conditions in order to apply an effective control measure. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the traffic state and speed and density, by using connected vehicles combined with stationary detectors. The aim is to allow fast and accurate estimation of changes in the traffic conditions. The proposed method does only require information about the speed and the position of connected vehicles and can make use of sparsely located stationary detectors to limit the dependence on the infrastructure equipment. An evaluation of the proposed method is carried out by microscopic traffic simulation. The traffic state estimated using the proposed method is compared to the true simulated traffic state. Further, the density estimates are compared to density estimates from one detector-based method, one combined method, and one connected-vehicle-based method. The results of the study show that the proposed method is a promising alternative for estimating the traffic state in traffic management applications.
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A simulation model for assessment and evaluation of bus terminal design
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Lindberg, Therese, Peterson, Anders, Tapani, Andreas, Lindberg, Therese, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Interchange stations with their connections between modes and lines are central for a high quality public transport system. Bus access at the station needs to operate reliably and efficiently in order to prevent congestion and queues. Here, a discrete event simulation model of vehicle movements and interactions at bus terminals is developed and implemented. The model has a modular approach, where common spatial sections at terminals are represented by modules that can be combined into various terminal layouts. These modules describe the events a vehicle may go through in a particular section of the terminal, such as arriving to a bus stop or stopping at a traffic light at the exit. The model can be used in planning processes, both for new terminals and redesign of existing ones, and is able to describe the detailed movements and interactions between vehicles that occur at larger terminals. The model is tested in a numerical experiment representing Norrköping interchange station in Sweden. The experiment shows that the model is able to evaluate and compare different scenarios and can thus be a useful tool in planning processes., Effektiva bytespunkter
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- 2018
28. Characteristics of variable speed limit systems
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Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, Ma, Xiaoliang, Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, and Ma, Xiaoliang
- Abstract
The control algorithm used for deciding on the speed limit in variable speed limit systems is crucial for the performance of the systems. The algorithm is designed to fulfil the purpose of the variable speed limit system, which can be one or several of the following aspects: increasing safety, increasing efficiency and decreasing environmental impacts. Today, many of the control algorithms used in practice are based on fixed thresholds in speed and/or flow. Therefore, they are not necessarily reflecting the current traffic conditions. Control algorithms with a greater level of complexity can be found in the literature. In this paper, four existing control algorithms are investigated to conclude on important characteristics affecting the performance of the variable speed limit system. The purpose of the variable speed limit system and, consequently, the design of the control algorithm differ. Requirements of the investigated control algorithms are that they should be easy to interpret and the execution time should be short. The algorithms are evaluated through microscopic traffic simulation. Performance indicators related to traffic safety, traffic efficiency and environmental impacts are presented. The results show that the characteristics of the variable speed limit system and the design of the control algorithm will have effect on the resulting traffic performance, given that the drivers comply with the variable speed limits. Moreover, the time needed to trigger the system, the duration and the size of speed limit reductions, and the location of the congestion are factors of importance for the performance of variable speed limit systems., Funding Agencies|Swedish Transportation Administration (Trafikverket)
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- 2018
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29. A simulation model for assessment and evaluation of busterminal design
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Lindberg, Therese, Peterson, Anders, Tapani, Andreas, Lindberg, Therese, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Interchange stations with their connections between modes and lines are central for a high quality public transport system. Bus access at the station needs to operate reliably and efficiently in order to prevent congestion and queues. Here, a discrete event simulation model of vehicle movements and interactions at bus terminals is developed and implemented. The model has a modular approach, where common spatial sections at terminals are represented by modules that can be combined into various terminal layouts. These modules describe the events a vehicle may go through in a particular section of the terminal, such as arriving to a bus stop or stopping at a traffic light at the exit. The model can be used in planning processes, both for new terminals and redesign of existing ones, and is able to describe the detailed movements and interactions between vehicles that occur at larger terminals. The model is tested in a numerical experiment representing Norrköping interchange station in Sweden. The experiment shows that the model is able to evaluate and compare different scenarios and can thus be a useful tool in planning processes.
- Published
- 2018
30. A Simulation Model of Local Public Transport Access at a Railway Station
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Lindberg, Therese, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Transportteknik och logistik ,Change (transp) ,Station (railway) ,Terminal layout ,Bus and tram ,Passenger ,Performance evaluation ,Design (overall design) ,Stop capacity ,Microsimulation ,Stop (public transport) ,Simulation ,Transport Systems and Logistics - Abstract
A high quality railway service requires that all parts of the complete journey, from door to door, are well-functioning. This includes any transfers taking place, as well as last mile transportation to and from the railway station. Since the last mile often consists of local public transport, the access to this mode at stops and terminals and how well these are functioning are of great importance. A critical aspect is the capacity of the stop or the terminal in relation to the number of departures, where a higher capacity generally means an increase in size. At the same time it is desirable to limit the use of valuable land and keeping the facility as small as possible. The trade-off between capacity and size needs to be evaluated when designing stops and terminals. In this study we have developed a discrete event simulation model of a combined bus and tram stop, which is a part of a larger multi-modal station. The objective of the study is to evaluate the modelling approach for the situation at hand. Of special interest are the complexities due to the different driving patterns of buses and trams. The developed model is capable of evaluating design alternatives and is applied in a case study of a stop at Norrköping railway station in southern Sweden. The model was found to realistically capture the various events occurring at such a stop and the case study further showed that the model is a useful tool in design evaluation.
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- 2017
31. The safety effect of an increased cycling : mapping of the current situation for planning for the future
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Eriksson, Jenny, Liu, Chengxi, Forward, Sonja, Forsman, Åsa, Niska, Anna, Tapani, Andreas, and Wallén Warner, Henriette
- Subjects
Risk ,Transportteknik och logistik ,Accident ,Near miss ,Journey ,Cycling ,Behaviour ,Observation ,Forecast ,Model (not math) ,Safety ,Transport Systems and Logistics ,Traffic flow - Abstract
Under senare år har cykeln lyfts fram som ett transportmedel med många positiva egenskaper och i nationella strategidokument har det uttryckts en önskan om att cyklingen ska öka. Samtidigt poängteras att säkerheten för cyklister måste bli bättre så att en ökad cykling inte leder till fler skadade och omkomna cyklister. För att klara av att öka cyklandet utan att försämra säkerheten, behövs underlag för att fatta beslut om vilka åtgärder som behöver genomföras. Bland annat behövs bättre kunskap om sambandet mellan cykelflöde och skaderisk i olika trafikmiljöer. I syfte att studera hur sättet att använda cykeln förändras över tid och hur cyklisters skaderisk påverkas av cykelflöde och trafikmiljön, har tre olika delstudier genomförts i det här projektet. I den första delstudien har en modell utvecklats som innehåller både färdmedelsval och destinationsval för cykel. I den andra delstudien har modeller för skaderisker hos cyklister utvecklats för olika olyckstyper och trafikmiljöer. I den tredje delstudien har interaktioner mellan olika trafikanter observerats, i syfte att studera hur dessa påverkas av nivån på cykelflödet. Sammantaget visar studierna i projektet att cykelflödet har betydelse för cyklisters olycksrisk. Högre flöden ger färre interaktioner per cyklist och lägre risk att skadas i såväl singelolyckor som kollision med motorfordon. Vi har också kunnat visa att det är möjligt att modellera färdmedels- och destinationsval för cykel såväl som att med hjälp av modeller beskriva effekter på cyklisters skaderisk. För att kunna göra bättre skattningar som mer rättvist beskriver verkligheten behövs dock ett bättre dataunderlag till modellerna, framförallt när det gäller cykelresor och beskrivning av cykelinfrastrukturen. During the last decades, cycling has been highlighted as a travel mode with many positive qualities. The documents of Swedish national strategy reveal a trend of an increased cycling. At the same time, it is important that the safety of cyclists must be improved so that an increased cycling does not contribute to more injuries and fatalities in accidents. To cope with the increased cycling without compromising the safety, there is fore example, a need for better understanding of the relationship between the cycling flow and the injuries in various traffic environments. In this project, three different studies were carried out to understand how the trend of cycling changes over time and how cyclists' injury risk is influenced by the cycling flow and the traffic environment. In the first study, a travel demand model has been developed that includes both mode choice and destination choice for cycling. In the second study, models for cyclists’ injury risks have been developed for different types of accidents and traffic environments. In the third study, interactions between different road users have been observed, to study how these are affected by the level of bicycle flow. Overall, the studies in this project have shown that bicycle flow is an important factor influencing cyclists’ accident risks. Higher bicycle flow corresponds to fewer interactions per cyclist and a lower risk of injury in a single bicycle accident as well as in a collision accident with motorised vehicles. We have also been able to demonstrate that it is possible to model travel choices and destination choice of cyclists and to develop models that describe cyclists’ injury risk. However, to provide better estimates, data with better quality are necessary for the model inputs, especially when it comes to the cycling and the description of cycling infrastructure.
- Published
- 2017
32. Safe accessibility : summarized results 2015
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Vadeby, Anna, Anund, Anna, Ekström, Camilla, Gustafsson, Susanne, Lundberg, Thomas, Olstam, Johan, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Accident prevention ,Evaluation (assessment) ,Infrastrukturteknik ,Rumble strip ,Safety fence ,Central reserve ,Highway ,Accident rate ,Before and after study ,Safety ,Rut ,Noise ,Infrastructure Engineering - Abstract
Föreliggande rapport redovisar övergripande resultat av fyra olika åtgärder som implementerats inomTrafikverkets projekt ”Säker framkomlighet” vilket haft som syfte att förbättra framkomlighet ochtrafiksäkerhet på främst befintliga tvåfältsvägar med hastighetsgräns 90 km/tim. Åtgärderna somstuderats är: frästa mitträfflor på 2-fältsvägar, vägrensräffling på motorväg, smala mötesfria vägar(”gles 2+1-väg med räcke”) och riktningsseparerade vägar (2+1 med målad/räfflad mitt).Resultaten visar att för samtliga åtgärder har trafiksäkerhetseffekterna varit positiva med minskningarav de dödade och svårt skadade trafikanterna. Vad gäller spårdjupstillväxt visar resultaten att mitträfflinginte har en kanaliserande effekt på trafiken och därmed påverkas inte heller spårbildningen.För mötesfria vägar är den årliga spårdjupsutvecklingen cirka 25 procent högre för mötesfri väg än förmotsvarande vanlig väg för årsdygnstrafik (ÅDT) > 8 000 fordon/dygn. För lägre ÅDT är skillnaden 10–15 procent.För riktningsseparerade vägar visar resultaten endast på högre spårdjupstillväxt för ÅDT över 8 000fordon/dygn. En studie om effekter och konsekvenser av olika räffeltyper avseende buller visar att detinte finns kända argument för att inte använda sinusräffla, men ytterligare studier kring effekten förförare av tunga fordon rekommenderas. Studien avseende framkomlighetseffekter visar att andelentung trafik är en viktig faktor att beakta i utformningen av mötesfria vägar. This report consolidates evaluations performed within the project “Safe accessibility” on behalf of the Swedish Transport Administration. Four different measures implemented on rural roads in Sweden with the aim to increase traffic safety and improve accessibility are investigated. The measures are; milled centerline rumble strips on rural 2-lane roads, shoulder rumble strips on motorways, narrow2+1 roads with median barrier and divided roads (painted 2+1 roads with median rumble strips).As regards traffic safety, all four measures show reductions in the number of fatalities and seriously injured. For milled centerline rumble strips on rural 2-lane roads, they do not have a confining effect on traffic and have no adverse effect on the rate of rutting. For barrier separated roads (2+1), the results indicated that for Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) levels greater than 8,000 vehicles, the annual rut depth development rate is about 25 percent higher than for conventional rural roads. With lower AADT levels, differences reduced to between 10–15 percent. Comparisons between divided roads and conventional roads only showed higher annual rut development rates for AADT levels greater than 8,000 vehicles. A study about the effects and consequences of different types of milled rumble strips showed that there are no known arguments for not using the sinus rumble strips. However, further studies on the impact of drivers of heavy vehicles are recommended. Studies of the effect on traffic efficiency showed that the proportion of Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) is an important factor to consider in the design of narrow 2+1 roads and the proportion of HGVs need to be taken into account in the selection of the length of overtaking lanes.
- Published
- 2016
33. Bottleneck mitigation through a variable speed limit system using connected vehicles
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen F. and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
ABSTRACTVariable speed limit (VSL) systems are used to improve the traffic conditions by adjusting the speed limits based on the current traffic situation. Advances in vehicle technology have made it possible to use connected vehicles in VSL systems. Connected vehicles can continuously transmit information about their speed and location, which can be used to estimate the current traffic conditions at arbitrary locations. In this study, we propose a VSL system based on connected vehicles. The aim is to also allow application of VSLs for non-recurrent bottleneck mitigation at arbitrary locations, unlike today's systems which require densely placed detectors or are limited to beforehand known bottleneck locations. The proposed system is evaluated by microscopic traffic simulation. The results indicate that the VSL system manage to improve traffic efficiency in a simulated incident scenario.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Using connected vehicles in a variable speed limit system
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, Grumert, Ellen, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Variable speed limit systems are used to improve the traffic conditions on specific road stretches. This is done by adjusting the speed limits according to current traffic situations. A variable speed limit system usually consists of stationary detectors to estimate the traffic state and variable message signs at predefined locations for the application of new speed limits. Advances in vehicle technology have made it possible to use connected vehicles to improve existing variable speed limit systems. Connected vehicles can continuously transmit information about speed and location. This can be used to get more detailed information about the traffic state. By including information from connected vehicles in a variable speed limit system there is a potential to identify bottlenecks also in between stationary detectors. Further, it is possible to use direct control of the connected vehicles to adjust vehicle speeds towards the new traffic situation. In this study, we propose such a variable speed limit system based on connected vehicles. The aim is to allow for application of variable speed limits in connection with non-recurrent bottlenecks. The proposed system is evaluated with respect to traffic efficiency using microscopic traffic simulation. An incident is simulated as an example of a non-recurrent bottleneck. The traffic performance when the proposed VSL system is applied is compared to the performance without the system. The results indicate that the VSL system manage to improve traffic efficiency in a majority of the simulated cases.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Säkerhetseffekten av ökat cyklande : kartläggning av nuläget för att planera för framtiden
- Author
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Eriksson, Jenny, Liu, Chengxi, Forward, Sonja, Forsman, Åsa, Niska, Anna, Tapani, Andreas, Wallén Warner, Henriette, Eriksson, Jenny, Liu, Chengxi, Forward, Sonja, Forsman, Åsa, Niska, Anna, Tapani, Andreas, and Wallén Warner, Henriette
- Abstract
Under senare år har cykeln lyfts fram som ett transportmedel med många positiva egenskaper och i nationella strategidokument har det uttryckts en önskan om att cyklingen ska öka. Samtidigt poängteras att säkerheten för cyklister måste bli bättre så att en ökad cykling inte leder till fler skadade och omkomna cyklister. För att klara av att öka cyklandet utan att försämra säkerheten, behövs underlag för att fatta beslut om vilka åtgärder som behöver genomföras. Bland annat behövs bättre kunskap om sambandet mellan cykelflöde och skaderisk i olika trafikmiljöer. I syfte att studera hur sättet att använda cykeln förändras över tid och hur cyklisters skaderisk påverkas av cykelflöde och trafikmiljön, har tre olika delstudier genomförts i det här projektet. I den första delstudien har en modell utvecklats som innehåller både färdmedelsval och destinationsval för cykel. I den andra delstudien har modeller för skaderisker hos cyklister utvecklats för olika olyckstyper och trafikmiljöer. I den tredje delstudien har interaktioner mellan olika trafikanter observerats, i syfte att studera hur dessa påverkas av nivån på cykelflödet. Sammantaget visar studierna i projektet att cykelflödet har betydelse för cyklisters olycksrisk. Högre flöden ger färre interaktioner per cyklist och lägre risk att skadas i såväl singelolyckor som kollision med motorfordon. Vi har också kunnat visa att det är möjligt att modellera färdmedels- och destinationsval för cykel såväl som att med hjälp av modeller beskriva effekter på cyklisters skaderisk. För att kunna göra bättre skattningar som mer rättvist beskriver verkligheten behövs dock ett bättre dataunderlag till modellerna, framförallt när det gäller cykelresor och beskrivning av cykelinfrastrukturen., During the last decades, cycling has been highlighted as a travel mode with many positive qualities. The documents of Swedish national strategy reveal a trend of an increased cycling. At the same time, it is important that the safety of cyclists must be improved so that an increased cycling does not contribute to more injuries and fatalities in accidents. To cope with the increased cycling without compromising the safety, there is fore example, a need for better understanding of the relationship between the cycling flow and the injuries in various traffic environments. In this project, three different studies were carried out to understand how the trend of cycling changes over time and how cyclists' injury risk is influenced by the cycling flow and the traffic environment. In the first study, a travel demand model has been developed that includes both mode choice and destination choice for cycling. In the second study, models for cyclists’ injury risks have been developed for different types of accidents and traffic environments. In the third study, interactions between different road users have been observed, to study how these are affected by the level of bicycle flow. Overall, the studies in this project have shown that bicycle flow is an important factor influencing cyclists’ accident risks. Higher bicycle flow corresponds to fewer interactions per cyclist and a lower risk of injury in a single bicycle accident as well as in a collision accident with motorised vehicles. We have also been able to demonstrate that it is possible to model travel choices and destination choice of cyclists and to develop models that describe cyclists’ injury risk. However, to provide better estimates, data with better quality are necessary for the model inputs, especially when it comes to the cycling and the description of cycling infrastructure.
- Published
- 2017
36. Using connected vehicles in a variable speed limit system
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen F., primary and Tapani, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Traffic system impacts of green driving support systems
- Author
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Olstam, Johan, Bernhardsson, Viktor, van Noort, Martijn, Wilmink, Isabel, Klunder, Gerdien, Choudhury, Charisma, Tate, James, Ligterink, Norbert, Carsten, Oliver, Tapani, Andreas, Olstam, Johan, Bernhardsson, Viktor, van Noort, Martijn, Wilmink, Isabel, Klunder, Gerdien, Choudhury, Charisma, Tate, James, Ligterink, Norbert, Carsten, Oliver, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
The global aim of the ecoDriver project was to deliver the most effective advice to drivers on fuel efficient driving by optimising the driver-powertrain-environment feedback loop. More specifically, the focus of the project was on the interaction between technology and the driver, since the behaviour of a driver is a critical element in energy efficiency. By increasing the acceptance of eco-driving applications through intelligent HMI and advice solutions, the ecoDriver project substantially contributes to the Europe 2020 goals through a much needed reduction of gas emissions and energy usage in transport, and thereby a significant reduction in the negative impact of transport on the environment. The ecoDriver advice to drivers covers the whole spectrum, from previewing the upcoming situation, over optimising the current driving situation, to post-drive feedback and learning. The aim of the project was to optimise human machine interfaces (HMIs) and advice to drivers for both portable devices within the vehicle which provide assistance to the driver (nomadic devices) and built-in systems, and to compare the effectiveness of each. This was addressed across a wide range of vehicles — e.g. cars, light trucks and vans, medium and heavy trucks and buses — covering both individual and collective transport. Lastly, the project did not only examine driving with current and near-term powertrains, but also with a full range of future vehicles, including hybrid and plug-in electric vehicles., ecoDriver
- Published
- 2016
38. Säker framkomlighet : sammanfattande slutrapport 2015
- Author
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Vadeby, Anna, Anund, Anna, Ekström, Camilla, Gustafsson, Susanne, Lundberg, Thomas, Olstam, Johan, Tapani, Andreas, Vadeby, Anna, Anund, Anna, Ekström, Camilla, Gustafsson, Susanne, Lundberg, Thomas, Olstam, Johan, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Föreliggande rapport redovisar övergripande resultat av fyra olika åtgärder som implementerats inomTrafikverkets projekt ”Säker framkomlighet” vilket haft som syfte att förbättra framkomlighet ochtrafiksäkerhet på främst befintliga tvåfältsvägar med hastighetsgräns 90 km/tim. Åtgärderna somstuderats är: frästa mitträfflor på 2-fältsvägar, vägrensräffling på motorväg, smala mötesfria vägar(”gles 2+1-väg med räcke”) och riktningsseparerade vägar (2+1 med målad/räfflad mitt).Resultaten visar att för samtliga åtgärder har trafiksäkerhetseffekterna varit positiva med minskningarav de dödade och svårt skadade trafikanterna. Vad gäller spårdjupstillväxt visar resultaten att mitträfflinginte har en kanaliserande effekt på trafiken och därmed påverkas inte heller spårbildningen.För mötesfria vägar är den årliga spårdjupsutvecklingen cirka 25 procent högre för mötesfri väg än förmotsvarande vanlig väg för årsdygnstrafik (ÅDT) > 8 000 fordon/dygn. För lägre ÅDT är skillnaden 10–15 procent.För riktningsseparerade vägar visar resultaten endast på högre spårdjupstillväxt för ÅDT över 8 000fordon/dygn. En studie om effekter och konsekvenser av olika räffeltyper avseende buller visar att detinte finns kända argument för att inte använda sinusräffla, men ytterligare studier kring effekten förförare av tunga fordon rekommenderas. Studien avseende framkomlighetseffekter visar att andelentung trafik är en viktig faktor att beakta i utformningen av mötesfria vägar., This report consolidates evaluations performed within the project “Safe accessibility” on behalf of the Swedish Transport Administration. Four different measures implemented on rural roads in Sweden with the aim to increase traffic safety and improve accessibility are investigated. The measures are; milled centerline rumble strips on rural 2-lane roads, shoulder rumble strips on motorways, narrow2+1 roads with median barrier and divided roads (painted 2+1 roads with median rumble strips).As regards traffic safety, all four measures show reductions in the number of fatalities and seriously injured. For milled centerline rumble strips on rural 2-lane roads, they do not have a confining effect on traffic and have no adverse effect on the rate of rutting. For barrier separated roads (2+1), the results indicated that for Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) levels greater than 8,000 vehicles, the annual rut depth development rate is about 25 percent higher than for conventional rural roads. With lower AADT levels, differences reduced to between 10–15 percent. Comparisons between divided roads and conventional roads only showed higher annual rut development rates for AADT levels greater than 8,000 vehicles. A study about the effects and consequences of different types of milled rumble strips showed that there are no known arguments for not using the sinus rumble strips. However, further studies on the impact of drivers of heavy vehicles are recommended. Studies of the effect on traffic efficiency showed that the proportion of Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGVs) is an important factor to consider in the design of narrow 2+1 roads and the proportion of HGVs need to be taken into account in the selection of the length of overtaking lanes.
- Published
- 2016
39. Evaluation of Four Control Algorithms Used in Variable Speed Limit Systems
- Author
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Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, Ma, Xiaoliang, Grumert, Ellen, Tapani, Andreas, and Ma, Xiaoliang
- Abstract
Control algorithms used for deciding on the speed limits in variable speed limit systems are crucial for the performance of the system. Today, many of the control algorithms used are based on fixed thresholds in speed and/or flow for lowering and increasing the speed limit. The algorithms are not necessarily reflecting the conditions on the road, which might lead to low traffic efficiency. Our hypothesis is that by use of a simple and efficient control algorithm that is better in reflecting the conditions on the road, both traffic efficiency and traffic safety could be increased. In this study, four control algorithms used in variable speed limit systems, and fulfilling the above criteria, are evealuted through microscopic traffic simulation. Performance indicators related to traffic safety, traffic efficiency and environmental impacts are presented. The results show that the design of, and the objective with, the control algorithm have a great impact on the performance. Moreover, the time needed for incident detection, the duration of and the size of the speed limit reduction and the location of the congestion are of importance for the performance of the control algorithms. These results will be of importance for design and implementation of future efficient variable speed limit systems.
- Published
- 2016
40. Handbok för kapacitetsanalys med hjälp av simulering
- Author
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Bång, Karl-Lennart, Olstam, Johan, Köhler, Joakim, Wahlstedt, Johan, Andersson, Jonas, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
framkomlighet ,Trafiksimulering ,kapacitet - Abstract
Syftet med föreliggande handbok är att beskriva hur trafiksimulering kan användas som en alternativ metod eller komplement till analytiska metoder för att bestämma kapacitet och framkomlighet. Liksom metodbeskrivningarna i TRV2013/64343 är beskrivningarna avsedda att kunna användas för att med hjälp av trafiksimulering uppskatta effekterna av en given utformning i samband med planering, konsekvensanalys, projektering och drift av vägtrafikanläggningar. Simulering kan användas som ett komplement till de analytiska metoderna, eller som ersättning i fall som inte täcks av dessa metoder. Härigenom minskas risken för onödiga kostnader förorsakade av såväl över- som underkapacitet.
- Published
- 2014
41. 1st SUMO User Conference 2013
- Author
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Abreu, Pedro Henriques, Afonso, João Luiz, Andresen, Erik, Baur, Mathias, Bragard, Quentin, Chraibi, Mohcine, Dalaff, Carsten, Dias, Jose Capela, Ebendt, Rüdiger, Erdmann, Jakob, Fernades, Gustavo, Fullerton, Matthew, Gurczik, Gaby, Gonçalves, Joel, Grumert, Ellen, Hermanns, Gerhard, Hoffmann, Silja, Huber, Felix, Kastner, Karl-Heinz, Keber, Robert, Kokkinogenis, Zafeiris, Krajzewicz, Daniel, Kretschmer, Andreas, Krumnow, Mario, Kurczveil, Tamas, Leitão, António, Li, Wei, Lüßmann, Jonas, Macedo, Jose, Machado, Penousal, Murphy, Liam, O‘ Driscoll, Aisling, Pau, Petru, Perrotta, Deborah, Pesch, Dirk, Rossetti, Rosaldo J. F., Samal, Martin, Sánta, Claudia, Schnieder, Eckehard, Schreckenberg, Michael, Schweizer, Joerg, Silva, Daniel Castro, Seyfried, Armin, Soares, Guilherme, Tapani, Andreas, Touko Tcheumadjeu, Louis Calvin, Ventresque, Anthony, Wenger, Andreas, Zaksek, Thomas, and Lemmer, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten
- Subjects
SUMO ,Verkehrssimulation und -prognose ,Verkehrsmanagement ,Simulation - Abstract
Dear reader, You are holding in your hands a volume of the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems“. We are publishing in this series fascinating, scientific topics from the Institute of Transportation Systems of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR) and from his environment. We are providing libraries with a part of the circulation. Outstanding scientific contributions and dissertations are here published as well as projects reports and proceedings of conferences in our house with different contributors from science, economy and politics. With this series we are pursuing the objective to enable a broad access to scientific works and results. We are using the series as well as to promote practically young researchers by the publication of the dissertation of our staff and external doctoral candidates, too. Publications are important milestones on the academic career path. With the series „Reports of the DLR-Institute of Transportation Systems / Berichte aus dem DLR-Institut für Verkehrssystem-technik“we are widening the spectrum of possible publications with a bulding block. Beyond that we understand the communication of our scientific fields of research as a contribution to the national and international research landscape in the fiels of automotive, railway systems and traffic management. This volume contains the proceedings of the 1st SUMO User Conference (SUMO2013), which was held from 15th to 17th May 2013 in Berlin-Adlershof, Germany. SUMO is a well established microscopic traffic simulation suite which has been available since 2001 and provides a wide range of traffic planning and simulation tools. The conference proceedings give a good overview of the applicability and usefulness of simulation tools like SUMO ranging from new methods in traffic control and vehicular communication to the simulation of complete cities. Another aspect of the tool suite, its universal extensibility due to the availability of source code, is reflected in contributions covering parallelization and workflow improvements to govern microscopic traffic simulation results. Several articles give short outlines of the general workflow when setting up a simulation with SUMO as well as an overview about the available tools for net and demand generation and for the evaluation of the results. Further features, include the simulation of private and public transport modes, person-based trip chains as well as the extension for the implementation of new behavioral models or remote control of the simulation using various programming environments. The conference’s aim was bringing together the large international user community and exchanging experience in using SUMO, while presenting results or solutions obtained using the software. This collection should inspire you to try your next project with the SUMO suite as well or to find new applications in your existing environment. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karsten Lemmer
- Published
- 2014
42. Microscopic modelling of 2+1-roads
- Author
-
Tapani, Andreas and Olstam, Johan
- Subjects
Transportteknik och logistik ,Transport Systems and Logistics - Published
- 2013
43. Metod för beräkning av fördröjningar på vägavsnitt utan omkörningsmöjlighet
- Author
-
Carlsson, Arne, Wiklund, Mats, Olstam, Johan, and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Körfält ,Length ,Overtaking ,Calculation ,Längd ,Matematiska modeller ,Traffic flow ,Traffic lane ,Trafikflöde ,Queue ,Mathematical model ,Köer ,Simulering ,Framkomlighet ,Omkörning ,Beräkning ,Level of service ,Simulation - Abstract
Detta VTI notat presenterar en beräkningsmetod för beräkning av förväntad kölängd och restidsfördröjning för enfältiga vägavsnitt utan omkörningsmöjligheter. Metoden utvecklades 2001 och presenterades i ett PM. Bakgrunden till modellutvecklingen var att dåvarande Vägverket (nu Trafikverket) planerade att införa så kallade 1+1-vägar, det vill säga, vägar med längre delsträckor utan omkörningsmöjlighet. Den utvecklade beräkningsmetoden har sedermera visat sig värdefull även vid framkomlighetsberäkningar för 2+1-vägar med varierande andel tvåfältsavsnitt och har använts vid framtagning av hastighetsflödessamband till Trafikverkets Effektsamband för vägtransportsystemet. Metoden använder avsnittslängd, trafikflöde samt medelhastighet och standardavvikelse som indata. Metoden är uppdelad på beräkning av effekter på grund av enstaka långsamtgående fordon samt effekter vid normal hastighetsfördelning. Då mätdata saknades vid modellutvecklingen jämfördes metoden med simuleringskörningar med den mikroskopiska trafiksimuleringsmodellen AIMSUN. Resultaten visar på en relativt god korrelation men generellt så ger den analytiska metoden cirka 1,2 procent lägre restidsfördröjning. En stor del av skillnaden mellan modellerna vid måttliga flöden bör kunna härledas till det stokastiska inslaget i simuleringen. Det bör även påpekas att varken den analytiska modellen eller trafiksimuleringsmodellen har kalibrerats och validerats mot verkliga data för denna typ av väg. Skillnaden mellan modellerna innebär således inte att den analytiska modellen självklart är den som avviker från verkligheten. This VTI report presents a method for calculating expected queue length and travel time delay on one lane road sections without overtaking possibilities. The method was developed 2001 and presented in a working paper. The background for the model development was that the Swedish Road Administration (now the Swedish Transport Administration) planned to build so called 1+1 roads, i.e. roads with longer sections without overtaking possibilities. The method developed has later on also shown to be valuable for level of service calculations of 2+1 roads with varying share of two lane sections and for developing speed-flow relationships for the Administrations Effect calculations for road facilities. The method uses section length, traffic flow, average speed and standard deviation as input. The method is divided with respect to calculation of effects due to single slowrunning vehicles and effects at normal speed distribution. Since no data were available when the model was developed, the model results were instead compared to traffic simulations with the microscopic traffic simulation model AIMSUN. The results show a good correlation but the analytical model gives in general approximately 1.2 per cent lower travel time delay. The differences can probably partly be explained by the stochastic parts of the simulation model. One should also remember that neither the analytical model nor the simulation model has been calibrated and validated with real data for this type of roads. Thus, the differences between the models do not necessary imply that the analytical model is the one deviating from reality.
- Published
- 2013
44. Effects of billboards on traffic safety : a study on the motorway E4 in Stockholm
- Author
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Dukic, Tania, Ahlström, Christer, Björketun, Urban, Kettwich, Carmen, Yahya, Mohammad Reza, Patten, Christopher, Tapani, Andreas, and Vadeby, Anna
- Subjects
Distraktion ,Eye movement ,Field (test) ,Roadside ,Beteende ,Ögonrörelser ,Distraction ,Driver ,Sidoområden (vägar) ,Olyckstal ,Tillämpad psykologi ,Glare ,Average speed ,Förare ,Advertising poster ,Bländning ,Fältförsök ,Accident rate ,Reklamaffischer ,Före efter studier ,Behaviour ,Before and after study ,Applied Psychology ,Medelhastighet - Abstract
Denna rapport presenterar fyra delstudier som genomfördes med syftet att utvärdera hur elektroniskareklamskyltar (ERS) påverkar trafiksäkerheten.Delstudie 1 är en litteraturstudie som undersökte påverkan av ERS på trafiksäkerhet. Slutsatsen var attrörliga bilder samt placering av skyltarna har en stor inverkan på förarens beteende och att i mörker och iogynnsamma väderförhållanden kan ljusbilden upplevas som bländande vilket försvårar körningenspeciellt för äldre förare.Den andra och tredje delstudien jämförde trafiken före och efter installation av ERS. En jämförelse avhastighet och olyckor gjordes. Inga skillnader i trafikflöde och medelhastighet som beror på ERS kundepåvisas. Sammantaget fanns inget i det studerade olycksmaterialet som tyder på att olycksutfalletpåverkats av ERS.Den fjärde delstudien är en fältstudie som undersöker förares beteende i verklig miljö när de passerarERS på motorvägen. Mätningar av visuellt beteende samt körbeteende visar flera fall av visuell distraktionvid passage av ERS. Effekter på kördata kunde inte påvisas. Resultaten visar också en negativinställning till ERS för en majoritet av förarna.Sammanfattningsvis kan ingen påverkan från ERS på trafiksäkerhet ses på makronivå. Dock måsteeffekterna på visuell distraktion tas i beaktning och undersökas närmare innan det beslutas huruvida ERSblir en verklighet på svenska vägar. The present report presents four studies that were conducted with the aim to evaluate how electronic billboards (ERS) affect traffic safety. Study 1 is a literature review to examine how billboards impact road safety. The conclusions from the review showed that animated pictures and the location of the billboards have a major impact on driver behaviour as well as that darkness and adverse weather conditions can create glare which makes driving difficult especially for older drivers. The second and third studies compared the speed and the number of accidents before and after the installation of the billboards. Neither difference in traffic volume nor in average speed could be demonstrated. There was nothing in the studied accidents to suggest that the accident was affected by a billboard. The fourth sub-study is a field study investigating 41 drivers (driving and visual behaviour) on the E4 as they pass the billboards. Results showed several cases of visual distraction. The results also show a negative attitude to the billboards for a majority of the drivers. In summary, no effects from the billboards on traffic safety could be showed at the macro level. However, the effects of visual distraction must be taken into consideration and investigated further before deciding whether billboards will be implemented on Swedish roads.
- Published
- 2011
45. Evaluation plan : dissemination level: public
- Author
-
Miglietta, Maurizio, Routhier, Jean Louis, Pluvinet, Pascal, Tapani, Andreas, Roissac, Zohra, Buhl, Hanna, and Boot, Marco Aimo
- Subjects
Evaluation (assessment) ,Design ,Godstransporter ,Forskningsprojekt ,Methodology ,Tätorter ,Metodik ,Planering ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,Urban area ,Vehicle ,Planning ,Freight transport ,Design (overall design) ,Research project ,Utvärdering ,Fordon - Abstract
Deliverable 5.1 aims at developing a holistic evaluation methodology based on a comprehensive project assessment framework. The evaluation methodology indicates at what extent the application of CityMove to a real urban context will improve the freight transport and logistics operation, safety, including performance, energy-consumption, technical reliability, cost-effectiveness, externalities (environmental and noise impacts). The CityMove project aims at developing a new vehicle concept for the Delivery of Goods and Urban Services. CityMove is aimed at enhancing freight transport logistics industry towards long-term efficiency and growth, having an impact on safety, congestion, air pollution, noise pollution anddependence on fossil fuels. A goods delivery vehicle is typically designed around a general architecture, designed not specifically for urban areas. CityMove is instead aimed at developing a new vehicle architecture specifically designed for the optimisation of the freight transport in urban areas.
- Published
- 2011
46. Waiting pedestrians in the social force model
- Author
-
Johansson, Fredrik, Peterson, Anders, Tapani, Andreas, Johansson, Fredrik, Peterson, Anders, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
Microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic is an important and increasingly popular method to evaluate the performance of existing or proposed infrastructure. The social force model is a common model in simulations, describing the dynamics of pedestrian crowds given the goals of the simulated pedestrians encoded as their preferred velocities. The main focus of the literature has so far been how to choose the preferred velocities to produce realistic dynamic route choices for pedestrians moving through congested infrastructure. However, limited attention has been given the problem of choosing the preferred velocity to produce other behaviors, such as waiting, commonly occurring at, e.g., public transport interchange stations. We hypothesize that: (1) the inclusion of waiting pedestrians in a simulated scenario will significantly affect the level of service for passing pedestrians, and (2) the details of the waiting model affect the predicted level of service, that is, it is important to choose an appropriate model of waiting. We show that the treatment of waiting pedestrians have a significant impact on simulations of pedestrian traffic. We do this by introducing a series of extensions to the social force model to produce waiting behavior, and provide predictions of the model extensions that highlight their differences. We also present a sensitivity analysis and provide sufficient criteria for stability. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., Funding Agencies|Swedish Transport Administration [TRV 2013/13329]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effects of desired speeds for queuing and delay on single-lane road segments
- Author
-
Wiklund, Mats, Carlsson, Arne, Eriksson, Olle, Olstam, Johan, Tapani, Andreas, Wiklund, Mats, Carlsson, Arne, Eriksson, Olle, Olstam, Johan, and Tapani, Andreas
- Abstract
To improve road safety on parts of the road network carrying low traffic volumes, road designs are proposed including single-lane road segments and periodic overtaking lanes. These roads have been proven to contribute to substantial benefits in terms of road safety. However, overtaking of slower vehicles is only possible on segments including an overtaking lane and not on the single-lane road segments. Driver and vehicle heterogeneity resulting in differences in desired speeds are consequently decisive for the traffic performance. Sufficient quality of service is relying on an appropriate design and distribution of single-lane segments and overtaking lanes. In this paper, we study the effect of the desired speed distribution on traffic performance on single-lane road segments. Expressions are derived for the travel time, delay and percent time spent following. The derived expressions link the desired speed distribution, the single-lane segment length and the traffic flow to the resulting traffic performance. The results are verified through comparison with measures based on microscopic traffic simulation. The conclusion is that there is a good agreement between derived measures and simulation results. The derived measures should therefore not only be of theoretical interest, but also of practical use to estimate traffic performance on single-lane road segments.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Effects of desired speeds for queuing and delay on single-lane road segments
- Author
-
Wiklund, Mats, primary, Carlsson, Arne, additional, Eriksson, Olle, additional, Olstam, Johan, additional, and Tapani, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Waiting pedestrians in the social force model
- Author
-
Johansson, Fredrik, primary, Peterson, Anders, additional, and Tapani, Andreas, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Speed-flow relationships for rural road designs with oncoming traffic separation
- Author
-
Robertson, Kerstin and Tapani, Andreas
- Subjects
Transportteknik och logistik ,Rural road ,Capacity ,Safety fence ,Central reserve ,Overtaking ,Speed ,Simulation ,Transport Systems and Logistics ,Traffic flow ,Traffic lane - Abstract
The Swedish Road Administration is planning to install median barriers on narrow two-lane rural roads with paved carriageway widths down to 9 m. Overtaking lanes will be added on the road sections where barriers are installed. The added overtaking lanes will make it possible to overtake on at least 15 per cent of the road length. The narrow roads with median barrier will therefore mostly get one lane per direction. The result will be a "sparse" 2+1-road as opposed to the conventional Swedish 2+1-design with a continuous overtaking lane that is alternating between the two driving directions. VTI has, by commission of the Swedish Road Administration, constructed speed-flow relationships for "sparse" 2+1-roads with different percentages of the road lengths including an overtaking lane. The speed-flow relationships are based on simulation using the Rural Traffic Simulator (RuTSim). Speed-flow relationships for a normal two-lane road and a conventional 2+1-road have also been constructed using the same method to allow comparison of the "sparse" 2+1-road designs with conventional designs. The length of the overtaking lanes has been assumed to be 850 m on the "sparse" road designs and 1 500 m on the conventional 2+1-design. Moreover, the road alignment has been assumed not to place any additional restrictions on the quality-of-service.
- Published
- 2009
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