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Periodontitis is a disease that damages the periodontal tissue and can cause tooth loss. In recent years there has been an interest in carrying out regenerative efforts as periodontal therapy. Bonegraft derived from natural materials is the current choice because of the limitations of the available synthetic bonegrafts. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of golden sea cucumber on the increase of BMP2 and Osteoprotegrin on bone regeneration. This research is a laboratory experimental study with male guinea pigs as the subject. The number of samples is 30 guinea pigs. After 14 and 21 days sacrificed was performed for immunohistochemical examination. The expression of BMP2 and OPG had a significant difference between the sea cucumber group and the positive control group. It can be concluded that bonegraft from golden sea cucumbers has a mechanism as bonegraft material so that it can be used as an alternative material in regenerative therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the side effects of chemical drugs in their use and the increasing price of drugs have prompted some experts to conduct research on natural ingredients. Stichopus hermanni or often called the golden sea cucumber is a type of soft animal sea cucumber, elongated shape and comes from the phylum Echinoderms. This organism has potential health benefits because it contains a lot of protein with a low lipid percentage. The purpose of this paper is to review the benefits of S. hermanni as an alternative antimicrobial ingredient in the health sector. Literature search using Pubmed, Wiley, and Google Scholar data search engines using keywords. 345 articles were then selected and excluded for several reasons, then the inclusion and exclusion criteria were adjusted to obtain 15 articles that were approved for review. Stichopus hermanni is a marine microorganism that is very useful in human life, has antimicrobial activity both as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiplasmodial, especially in oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporomandibular joint disorder is a term for a group of musculoskeletal disorders and neuromuscular conditions that includes several clinical signs and symptoms involving the mastication muscles, temporomandibular joint, and related structures. The reported prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorders in infants, children, and adolescents varies widely in the literature. Occlusal splint is one type of oral splint that is often used to treat temporomandibular joint disorders. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the effectiveness of occlusal splints for treating temporomandibular joint disorders in children and adolescents. Data collection was carried out by searching and analyzing literature from the electronic data site Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct and manual search on the publication period from 2011 to 2021. Systematic data search using keywords: Temporomandibular joint disorders, children, adolescents, occlusal splints, treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. The occlusal splint is an effective device for treating temporomandibular joint disorders with symptoms of myofascial pain and TMD with a history of trauma. Occlusal splints are not effective for disc displacement of the temporomandibular joint due to Class II malocclusion in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp perforation in teeth with reversible pulpitis can occur due to iatrogenic factors. This condition can be treated with direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide. Still, this material can cause necrosis of the superficial layer of the pulp and dentin, which produces tunnel defects in the long term. Therefore, natural ingredients of fish extract containing essential compounds for the process of tissue syntheses such as albumin, amino acids, and several minerals that can play a role in accelerating the wound healing process is being developed. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the application of Haruan fish extracts on MMP-1 expression and the density of collagen fibers in the dental pulp of inflamed Wistar rats. A total of 27 samples were divided into three groups: the negative control group, treatment (extract of Haruan fish), and positive control (calcium hydroxide). The test material was applied to class 1 cavities, made to reach the pulp, and given LPS e-coli then left for 3 hours. Samples were decapitated on 3 rd,7 th and 14 th days. Data were analyzed using the Anova and Chi- Square test. Based on the study, there was a decrease in MMP-1 expression on 3 rd,7 th and 14 th days, but there was no statistically significant difference. The density of collagen fibers was seen as thicker scores on the 7th day, but there was no significant difference in the time of observation. Based on the conducted study, Haruan fish extract has been shown to reduce MMP-1 expression in inflamed pulp and trigger the proliferation of fibroblast cells to increase the density of collagen fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic became an obstacle for dentists to treat dental patients. This is due to the spread of the COVID-19 virus which poses challenges in providing dental care. Teledentistry was originally a new field of dentistry based on electronic, telecommunications, Internet, and imaging technologies to connect patients living in rural areas. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, teledentistry services are very useful for all groups with the aim of avoiding direct contact with patients. Objective: To explore the benefits of teledentistry as a solution in the field of dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published on 2020. 130 were articles assessed, including 115 articles from the electronic databases, 0 from the manual hand search. 60 records screened, 50 records excluded, 40 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 15 full text articles included. Results: There are 15 articles about teledentistry as a solution in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Conclusion: : Based on 15 articles show that consultation through teledentistry is a solution as dental health services and is very useful in this COVID-19 pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most common caries in children. One reason is the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Choosing the right diet can suppress the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Chitosan is a natural biopolymer from white shrimp waste as an antibacterial and can be combined with food or drinks including chewable lozenges. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of chewable lozenges from white shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannamei) in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans bacteria in ECC cases. Research Methods: This type of research uses field and laboratory experimental research designs with pretest-posttest control group design. A sample of 30 children consisted of 3 groups, namely 10 children chewing xylitol candy, 10 children chewing chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5%, and 10 children chewing chewable lozenges chitosan 5%. Then, bacterial samples isolated from caries teeth before and after chewing chewable lozenges. Then, counted the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies using the colony counter method with the CFU unit. Data processing and analysis using SPSS version 25.0 for windows. Results: The paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies before and after chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5%. The average difference between groups before and after treatment of chewable lozenges was -17.9 CFU with a standard deviation of 20.306. The paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies before and after chewable lozenges chitosan 5%. The average difference between groups before and after treatment of chewable lozenges was -15.4 CFU with a standard deviation of 9.24. Data test results obtained p = 0.021 (p <0.05). This shows a significant decrease in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies in cases of early childhood caries. Conclusion: Chewable lozenges chitosan 2.5% effective in reducing the number of Streptococcus mutans bacterial colonies in cases of early childhood caries in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Riskesdas showed an increase in the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia, which was 43.4% in 2007 to 53.2% in 2013. Not only among adults affected by caries but also children. One of the caries that often occurs in children under five. Early Childhood Caries. To overcome this, a solution using herbal plants, one of which is the ant nest (Myrmecodia pendans) which can reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans bacteria as the main bacteria that causes caries. Chewing lozenges is one preparation that can be used as an alternative to antibacterial treatment in the mouth. Objectives: aims to determine the effectiveness of ether extract from ant nests (Myrmecodya pendans) as an antibacterial Streptococcus mutans in the preparation of chewing lozenges in the case of early childhood caries. Materials and Research Methods: This study used field and laboratory experiments with a pretest-posttest control group research design. The sample consisted of 30 children consisting of 3 groups, namely 10 children chewing xylitol market, 10 children chewing chewable moisturizing tablets 3.75%, and 7.5%. Data processing and analysis using SPSS version 22.0 for windows. Results: The results of the paired t-test showed a significant reduction in the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies before and after chewing the ant nest of chewable tablets, 3.75% and 7.5%. From the paired t test results obtained p-value of 0.004. This shows that the pvalue obtained is smaller than 0.05 so it can be concluded that the treatment of chewable nest tablet concentration of 7.5% has a significant effect in reducing the number of bacteria in the mouth. Conclusion: The extract of the ant nest lozenges saffron (Myrmecodia pendans) etiquette was 7.5% more effective than the chewed lozenges nest (Myrmecodia pendans) 3.75%, so in this study the nesting lozenges chewable tablets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chitosan.is obtained.from deacetylation of chitin bases, and.acetamide.groups are converted into primary amino groups during deacetylation. Chitosan is a biopolymer that has great use in various dental studies. It has been found that chitosan is effective as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, for example toothpaste, mouthwash. and root canal irrigation from chitosan. So this systematic review reviews some of the literature on the potential of chitosan as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published from 2011 to 2020. 155 were articles assessed, including 155 articles from the databases electronic, 0 from the manual search. 96 records screened, 61 records excluded, 35 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 17 full text articles included. Result: There are 12 articles about antibacterial of chitosan and 5 articles about anti-inflammatory chitosan. Conclusion: Based on 17 articles show that chitosan is very potential as a herbal plant that can be antibacterial and anti-inflammatory in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Irrigants used during chemomechanical preparation of the root canal system play an essential role in the successful of endodontic treatment. Combination of irrigants have been recommended to optimize the elimination of bacteria. Purpose: This study was aimed to clinically evaluate the bacterial reduction following irrigation with 6% NaOCl, and continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX during endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. Methods: Samples from twenty four patients were recruited from Endodontic Department of Hasanuddin University Dental hospital. Exudates were collected from the root canals of upper anterior teeth before root canal preparration (S1 samples) and after manually-instrumented and irrigated using 6% NaOCl (S2 samples), continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX (S3 samples). All samples were incubated in blood agar and nutrient agar, evaluated for the bacterial load (CFU) using bacterial culture technique. Data were analyzed by Friedman test and Wilcoxon test. Results: All samples were positive for bacteria, and irrigations protocol either with 6% NaOCl, or 17% EDTA and 2% CHX, significantly reduced bacterial load respectively. Continued irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2% CHX showed significant bacterial reduction compared to irrigation with 6% NaOCl (p<0.05). Conclusion: Continued irrigation after mechanical preparation in chronic apical periodontitis reduced the amount of bacteria, however it should be followed with intracanal medication to succeed endodontic treatmemt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleaching refers to tooth whitening through the application of chemicals to the tooth surface, to oxidize organic pigmentation. This method has become a favored treatment in the community, to support the appearance of teeth. However, the use of chemicals during the bleaching process can result in reductions in tooth enamel hardness due to demineralization. The aim of the present study to determine the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) paste, synthesized from chicken eggshells, on the microhardness of tooth enamel after the application of external bleaching materials. This study was conducted using 24 permanent maxillary central incisors, which were divided into four groups. Group 1 received sequential at-home bleaching and HA paste; group 2 received sequential at-home bleaching and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste; group 3 received sequential in-office bleaching and HA paste; and group 4 received sequential in-office bleaching and CPP-ACP paste. Enamel hardness tests were performed using a Universal Hardness Tester tool. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results show that the applications of HA paste, synthesized from eggshells, after the application of in-office bleaching, resulted in significant (p<0.05) increases in tooth enamel microhardness. In contrast, no significant effect was observed after the application of at-home bleaching. In conclusion, HA paste derived from eggshells can increase the microhardness of tooth enamel after the application of external bleaching materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An adequately cured/polymerized resin increment(s) is of utmost importance for a successful resin-based composites. During polymerization of the resin-based composites, most of the monomers should be converted into polymers. The conversion of monomers is vital to enhance the physical and mechanical properties, colour stability, and biocompatibility of the resin composite (RC) material. However, some monomers remain unreacted within the polymer matrix. Many factors affect the polymerization of RCs. This paper is aimed to review these factors that may help the clinicians to improve their understanding of the polymerization process of RCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]