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2. Glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide affect bumblebee gut microbiota

Author

Helander, M. (Marjo), Jeevannavar, A. (Aditya), Kaakinen, K. (Kimmo), Mathew, S. A. (Suni A.), Saikkonen, K. (Kari), Fuchs, B. (Benjamin), Puigbò, P. (Pere), Loukola, O. J. (Olli J.), Tamminen, M. (Manu), Helander, M. (Marjo), Jeevannavar, A. (Aditya), Kaakinen, K. (Kimmo), Mathew, S. A. (Suni A.), Saikkonen, K. (Kari), Fuchs, B. (Benjamin), Puigbò, P. (Pere), Loukola, O. J. (Olli J.), and Tamminen, M. (Manu)

Abstract

Pollinator decline is one of the gravest challenges facing the world today, and the overuse of pesticides may be among its causes. Here, we studied whether glyphosate, the world’s most widely used pesticide, affects the bumblebee gut microbiota. We exposed the bumblebee diet to glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide and quantified the microbiota community shifts using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, we estimated the potential sensitivity of bee gut microbes to glyphosate based on previously reported presence of target enzyme. Glyphosate increased, whereas the glyphosate-based herbicide decreased gut microbiota diversity, indicating that negative effects are attributable to co-formulants. Both glyphosate and the glyphosate-based herbicide treatments significantly decreased the relative abundance of potentially glyphosate-sensitive bacterial species Snodgrasella alvi. However, the relative abundance of potentially glyphosate-sensitive Candidatus Schmidhempelia genera increased in bumblebees treated with glyphosate. Overall, 50% of the bacterial genera detected in the bee gut microbiota were classified as potentially resistant to glyphosate, while 36% were classified as sensitive. Healthy core microbiota have been shown to protect bees from parasite infections, change metabolism, and decrease mortality. Thus, the heavy use of glyphosate-based herbicides may have implications on bees and ecosystems.

Published
2023

3. Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales

Author

Brito, I.L., Yilmaz, S., Huang, K., Xu, L., Jupiter, S.D., Jenkins, A.P., Naisilisili, W., Tamminen, M., Smillie, C.S., Wortman, J.R., Birren, B.W., Xavier, R.J., Blainey, P.C., Singh, A.K., Gevers, D., and Alm, E.J.

Subjects
Transposons -- Research, Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) -- Research, Genetic research, Human population genetics -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Recent work has underscored the importance of the microbiome in human health, and has largely attributed differences in phenotype to differences in the species present among individuals (1-5). However, mobile [...]

Published
2016

5. Corrigendum: Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales

Author

Brito, I. L., Yilmaz, S., Huang, K., Xu, L., Jupiter, S. D., Jenkins, A. P., Naisilisili, W., Tamminen, M., Smillie, C. S., Wortman, J. R., Birren, B. W., Xavier, R. J., Blainey, P. C., Singh, A. K., Gevers, D., and Alm, E. J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): I. L. Brito; S. Yilmaz; K. Huang; L. Xu; S. D. Jupiter; A. P. Jenkins; W. Naisilisili; M. Tamminen; C. S. Smillie; J. R. Wortman; B. W. Birren; R. [...]

Published
2017
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7. Effect of extreme fish consumption on dietary and plasma antioxidant levels an fatty acid composition

Author

Anttolainen, M., Valsta, L.M., Alfthan, G., Kleemola, P., Salminen, I., and Tamminen, M.

Subjects
Fish as food -- Health aspects, Antioxidants -- Analysis, Fatty acids -- Analysis
Abstract

A study was conducted to examine the effects of high-fish and low-fish diets on plasma concentrations of fatty acids and selected antioxidants. High-fish consumers were matched with low-fish consumers and 41 pairs of subjects were selected. A qualitative food questionnaire and a three-day food record were used. The results indicate that extreme fish consumption has no effect on plasma antioxidant levels.

Published
1996

15. Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales

Author

Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Brito, Ilana Lauren, Smillie, Chris S, Alm, Eric J, Xavier, Ramnik Joseph, Yilmaz, S., Huang, K., Xu, L., Jupiter, S. D., Jenkins, A. P., Naisilisili, W., Tamminen, M., Wortman, J. R., Birren, B. W., Blainey, P. C., Singh, A. K., Gevers, D., Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Brito, Ilana Lauren, Smillie, Chris S, Alm, Eric J, Xavier, Ramnik Joseph, Yilmaz, S., Huang, K., Xu, L., Jupiter, S. D., Jenkins, A. P., Naisilisili, W., Tamminen, M., Wortman, J. R., Birren, B. W., Blainey, P. C., Singh, A. K., and Gevers, D.

Abstract

Recent work has underscored the importance of the microbiome in human health, and has largely attributed differences in phenotype to differences in the species present among individuals. However, mobile genes can confer profoundly different phenotypes on different strains of the same species. Little is known about the function and distribution of mobile genes in the human microbiome, and in particular whether the gene pool is globally homogenous or constrained by human population structure. Here, we investigate this question by comparing the mobile genes found in the microbiomes of 81 metropolitan North Americans with those of 172 agrarian Fiji islanders using a combination of single-cell genomics and metagenomics. We find large differences in mobile gene content between the Fijian and North American microbiomes, with functional variation that mirrors known dietary differences such as the excess of plant-based starch degradation genes found in Fijian individuals. Notably, we also observed differences between the mobile gene pools of neighbouring Fijian villages, even though microbiome composition across villages is similar. Finally, we observe high rates of recombination leading to individual-specific mobile elements, suggesting that the abundance of some genes may reflect environmental selection rather than dispersal limitation. Together, these data support the hypothesis that human activities and behaviours provide selective pressures that shape mobile gene pools, and that acquisition of mobile genes is important for colonizing specific human populations., National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.) (Grant U54HG003067), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Fiji. Ministry of Health, Columbia Earth Institute (Institute Fellowship)

Published
2017

16. Erratum: Corrigendum: Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales

Author

Brito, I. L., primary, Yilmaz, S., additional, Huang, K., additional, Xu, L., additional, Jupiter, S. D., additional, Jenkins, A. P., additional, Naisilisili, W., additional, Tamminen, M., additional, Smillie, C. S., additional, Wortman, J. R., additional, Birren, B. W., additional, Xavier, R. J., additional, Blainey, P. C., additional, Singh, A. K., additional, Gevers, D., additional, and Alm, E. J., additional

Published
2017
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20. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and stroke: 13.000 strokes in 450.000 people in 45 prospective cohorts

Author

Qizilbash, N., Lewington, S., Duffy, S, Peto, R., Smith, T., Spiegelhalter, D., Iso, H., Shimamoto, T., Komachi, Y., Iida, M., Doyle, J., Strogatz, D., Ebrahim, S., Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Burke, V., Cullen, K., Knuiman, M., Welborn, T., Bainton, D., Baker, I., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Keil, J., Sutherland, S., Hames, C., Tyroler, H., DAgostino, R., Kannel, W., Wolf, P., Aromaa, A., Knekt, P., Maatela, J., Reunanen, A., Puska, P., Sarti, C., Tamminen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Vartiainen, E., Bengtsson, C., Bjorkelund, C., Lissner, L., Kodama, K., Shimizu, Y., Kagan, A., Popper, J., Reed, D., Yano, K., Goldbourt, U., Medalie, J., Yaari, S., Criqui, M., Davis, C., Blackburn, Henry, Jacobs, D., Leupker, R., Harris, T., Madans, J., Ofstedal, M., Bjartveit, K., Stensvold, I., Tverdal, A., Garrow, K., Meade, T., Ruddock, V., Haheim, L., Hjermann, I., Holme, I., Leren, P., Cambien, F., Ducimetiere, P., Richard, J., Assmann, G., BarrettConnor, E., Langer, R., Gillis, C., Hart, C., Hawthorne, V., Hole D., Isles, C., Lever, A., Smith, G. D., Aravanis, C., Buzina, Ratko, Dontas, A., Fidanza, F., Giampaoli, S., Karvonen, M., Keys, Ancel, Kromhout, D., Lanti, M., Menotti, Alessandro, Mohaček, Ivan, Nedeljković, S., Nissinen, A., Punsar, S., Seccareccia, F., Toshima, H., Chen, Z., Collins, R., Li, W., Lu, J., Date, C., Nakayama, T., Tanaka, H., Yokoyama, T., Yoshiike, N., Brown, C., TunstallPedoe, H., Higgins, M., Keller, J., Carstensen, J., Tornberg, S., Marmot, M., and Shipley, M.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cholesterol, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Vakgroep Gezondheidsleer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Prehypertension, Middle age, Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, Blood pressure, chemistry, Seven Countries Study, cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, stroke, seven countries study, Internal medicine, Relative risk, medicine, Cardiology, Life Science, cardiovascular diseases, business, Stroke
Abstract

Individual studies of stroke have not clearly answered two questions: on the relation, if any, between total blood cholesterol and stroke ; and on how the strength of the relation between diastolic blood pressure and stroke varies with age. The associations of blood cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure with subsequent stroke rates were investigated by review of 45 prospective observational cohorts involving 450 000 individuals with 5-30 years of follow-up (mean 16 years, total 7·3 million person-years of observation), during which 13 397 participants were recorded as having had a stroke. Most of these were fatal strokes in studies that recorded only mortality and not incidence, but about one- quarter were from studies that recorded both fatal and non-fatal strokes. After standardisation for age, there was no association between blood cholesterol and stroke except, perhaps, in those under 45 years of age when screened. This lack of association was not influenced by adjustment for sex, diastolic blood pressure, history of coronary heart disease, or ethnicity (Asian or non-Asian). However, because the types of the strokes were not centrally available, the lack of any overall relation might conceal a positive association with ischaemic stroke together with a negative association with haemorrhagic stroke. When the highest and the lowest of the six blood pressure categories were compared, the difference in usual diastolic blood pressure was 27 mm Hg (102 vs 75 mm Hg), and there was a fivefold difference in stroke risk. This fivefold difference was seen both in those with a pre-existing history of coronary heart disease and in those without it. The proportional difference in stroke risk, however, was more extreme in middle than in old age. Among those aged

Published
1996

23. Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Prospective studies collaboration

Author

Qizilbash, N, Lewington, S, Duffy, S, Peto, R, Smith, T, Spiegelhalter, D, Iso, H, Shimamoto, T, Komachi, Y, Iida, M, Doyle, J, Strogatz, D, Ebrahim, S, Wannamethee, G, Whincup, P, Burke, V, Cullen, K, Knuiman, M, Welborn, T, Bainton, D, Baker, I, Elwood, P, Sweetnam, P, Yarnell, J, Keil, J, Sutherland, S, Hames, C, Tyroler, H, DAgostino, R, Kannel, W, Wolf, P, Aromaa, A, Knekt, P, Maatela, J, Reunanen, A, Puska, P, Sarti, C, Tamminen, M, Tuomilehto, J, Vartiainen, E, Bengtsson, C, Bjorkelund, C, Lissner, L, Kodama, K, Shimizu, Y, Kagan, A, Popper, J, Reed, D, Yano, K, Goldbourt, U, Medalie, J, Yaari, S, Criqui, M, Davis, C, Blackburn, H, Jacobs, D, Leupker, R, Harris, T, Madans, J, Ofstedal, M, Bjartveit, K, Stensvold, I, Tverdal, A, Garrow, K, Meade, T, Ruddock, V, Haheim, L, Hjermann, I, Holme, I, Leren, P, Cambien, F, Ducimetiere, P, Richard, J, Assmann, G, BarrettConnor, E, Langer, R, Gillis, C, Hart, C, Hawthorne, V, Hole, D, Isles, C, Lever, A, Smith, GD, Aravanis, C, Buzina, R, Dontas, A, Fidanza, F, Giampaoli, S, Karvonen, M, Keys, A, Kromhout, D, Lanti, M, Menotti, A, Mohacek, I, Nedeljkovic, S, Nissinen, A, Punsar, S, Seccareccia, F, Toshima, H, Chen, Z, Collins, R, Li, W, Lu, J, Date, C, Nakayama, T, Tanaka, H, Yokoyama, T, Yoshiike, N, Brown, C, TunstallPedoe, H, Higgins, M, Keller, J, Carstensen, J, Tornberg, S, Marmot, M, and Shipley, M

Subjects
cardiovascular diseases
Abstract

Individual studies of stroke have not clearly answered two questions: on the relation, if any, between total blood cholesterol and stroke; and on how the strength of the relation between diastolic blood pressure and stroke varies with age. The associations of blood cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure with subsequent stroke rates were investigated by review of 45 prospective observational cohorts involving 450,000 individuals with 5-30 years of follow-up (mean 16 years, total 7.3 million person-years of observation), during which 13,397 participants were recorded as having had a stroke. Most of these were fatal strokes in studies that recorded only mortality and not incidence, but about one-quarter were from studies that recorded both fatal and non-fatal strokes. After standardization for age, there was no association between blood cholesterol and stroke except, perhaps, in those under 45 years of age when screened. This lack of association was not influenced by adjustment for sex, diastolic blood pressure, history of coronary disease, or ethnicity (Asian or non-Asian). However, because the types of the strokes were not centrally available, the lack of any overall relation might conceal a positive association with ischaemic stroke together with a negative association with haemorrhagic stroke. When the highest and the lowest of the six blood pressure categories were compared, the difference in usual diastolic blood pressure was 27 mm Hg (102 vs 75 mm Hg), and there was a fivefold difference in stroke risk. This fivefold difference was seen both in those with a pre-existing history of coronary heart disease and in those without it. The proportional difference in stroke risk, however, was more extreme in middle than in old age. Among those aged < 45, 45-64, and 65+ when screened, the differences in the relative risks of stroke (between the highest diastolic blood pressure category and a combination of the lowest two categories) were tenfold, fivefold, and twofold, respectively. However, because the absolute stroke risks are greater in old age, the absolute differences in the annual stroke rates showed an opposite pattern, being 2, 5, and 8 per thousand, respectively. This suggests that the effects of therapeutic blood pressure reductions should be assessed separately in middle age and in old age.

Published
1995

34. Learning difficulties, social intelligence, and self–concept: Connections to bully–victim problems.

Author

Kaukiainen, A., Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Tamminen, M., Vauras, M., Mäki, H., and Poskiparta, E.

Subjects
BULLYING, LEARNING disabilities, SOCIAL intelligence, VICTIMS
Abstract

Learning skills, social intelligence, and self–concept were related to each other and to bully–victim problems among fifth–grade children (79 boys and 62 girls, aged 11–12 years). In addition to exploring connections between single variables, a person–oriented approach was applied in order to analyze children’s value patterns with respect to learning skills, self–concept, and social intelligence, and how these value patterns are related to bully–victim problems. Social intelligence was found to be positively correlated with learning skills, but negatively related to victimization. Bullying was positively correlated with self–concept scores. However, this was true only of boys. According to cross–tabulations, there were significantly more bullies among children with learning difficulties (LD) than would have been expected by chance. Victimization, on the other hand, was not related to LD. LD children’s proposed victim status was in some degree supported by cluster analysis: a group of LD children emerged, who not only scored high on bullying, but also tended to be victimized by others. In addition, two groups of bullies appeared: one whose members could be interpreted as socially unskilled and another as socially skilled. This finding is in line with recent theoretical reasoning, which calls into question the idea of bullies as a unified group, lacking in social skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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37. Effect of long-term PUVA treatment of psoriasis on the collagen and elastin gene expression and growth of skin fibroblasts <em>in vitro</em>.

Author

Oikarinen, A., Ala-Kokko, L., Tamminen, M., Karvonen, J., Reunala, T., Kallionen, M., and Hannuksela, M.

Subjects
PSORIASIS treatment, COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, FIBROBLASTS, BIOPSY, IMMUNOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

The proliferation rate, collagen metabolism and collagen and elastin messenger-RNA levels were studied in fibroblasts derived from patients who had received many courses of either systemic 8-methoxypsoralen or topical trioxsalen PUVA treatment. The proliferation rate of fibroblasts as measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine or by cellular division was decreased in those obtained from patients who had PUVA treatment as compared with controls. Collagen synthesis was slightly increased in the cells from PUVA-treated patients, but the relative collagen synthesis and the ratio between types I and III collagen were unchanged. The levels of collagen and elastin mRNAs were increased in fibroblasts derived from the PUVA- treated patients. No significant differences in histology or immunochemistry could be found in the biopsies taken from topical and systemic PUVA-treated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1990
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46. Encoding Pixel Trees

Author

Tamminen, M.

Subjects
Image Processing, Image Encoding, Coding, Computer Graphics, Image Generation, Tree Structures, Data Compression, Image Reconstruction, Quadtree Encoding, Theory
Published
1984

47. Comment on Quad- And Octtrees

Author

Tamminen, M.

Subjects
Tree Structures, Quadtree Encoding, Octree Encoding, Image Encoding, Data Compression
Published
1984

48. Analysis of N-Trees

Author

Tamminen, M.

Subjects
Tree Searching, Analysis, Cost, Algorithm Analysis, Sorting, Searching
Published
1983

50. An X-ray diffraction and electron spectroscopic study of metallic glass In20Te80

Author

Laine, E., Tamminen, M., Mäkelä, R., and Pessa, M.

Abstract

Results of X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations on the crystallization behaviour of an amorphous In20Te80 system and the effects of crystallization on the electronic core levels of In and Te atoms are presented. During controlled heat treatments three crystalline phases, Te, a-In2Te3, and In2Te5-I, were observed in this system. In addition, a few splat-cooled samples were found to exhibit a new metastable crystalline phase. Photoelectron measurements revealed that the Te 3d and 4d core levels of amorphous In20Te80 were shifted downwards in energy from their characteristic values of pure Te metal. The In 3d and 4d levels experienced large energy shifts due to alloying, but remained unaffected by heating at temperatures below 520 K.

Published
1983
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