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Background The research about the influence of triglyceride-glucose index on early prognosis in stroke is lacking. Aims In this study, we evaluated the association between triglyceride-glucose index and early neurological deterioration in patients with single subcortical infarctions. Methods Consecutive patients with single subcortical infarctions within 72 h of symptom onset between 2011 and 2015. Early neurological deterioration was defined as an increase of ≥2 in the total NIHSS score or ≥1 in the motor NIHSS score. The triglyceride-glucose index was calculated using the log scale of fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2. Results A total of 305 patients with single subcortical infarctions were evaluated. In multivariable analysis, the triglyceride-glucose index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.58–5.45) and age (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.09) were associated with early neurological deterioration. In subgroup analysis according to the type of single subcortical infarctions, only patients with proximal single subcortical infarctions showed a significant association between the triglyceride-glucose index and early neurological deterioration (aOR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.35–6.29). On the other hand, there was no statistical significance in patients with distal single subcortical infarctions. Patients with untreated diabetes also showed the close association between the triglyceride-glucose index and early neurological deterioration (aOR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.47–10.52). Conclusions The triglyceride-glucose index was associated with early neurological deterioration in single subcortical infarctions. This association differed depending on the location of lesion and the presence of untreated diabetes.

Background and objective Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is corticosteroid responsive but residual computed tomography (CT) chest changes are often noted. The present study examined clinical and HRCT features of COP in which there was incomplete resolution. Methods We studied 93 patients with histopathologically confirmed COP and serial HRCT imaging. Clinical features were assessed, and serial CT images were analysed. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinical or imaging factors related to incomplete resolution on CT. Results Complete resolution on CT imaging was seen in 21/93 patients (23%) and residual abnormalities were seen in 72/93 patients (77%). In univariate analysis, total lesion (P = 0.036), degree of consolidation (P = 0.011), treatment duration (P

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is corticosteroid responsive but residual computed tomography (CT) chest changes are often noted. The present study examined clinical and HRCT features of COP in which there was incomplete resolution.We studied 93 patients with histopathologically confirmed COP and serial HRCT imaging. Clinical features were assessed, and serial CT images were analysed. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to determine clinical or imaging factors related to incomplete resolution on CT.Complete resolution on CT imaging was seen in 21/93 patients (23%) and residual abnormalities were seen in 72/93 patients (77%). In univariate analysis, total lesion (P = 0.036), degree of consolidation (P = 0.011), treatment duration (P 0.001) and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of lung (P = 0.021) were significantly associated with residual imaging abnormalities. In multivariate analysis, extent of consolidation (P = 0.018; odds ratio (OR) = 14.92) and treatment duration (P = 0.011; OR = 1.32) remained as significant factors linked to residual abnormalities. CT images in unresolved COP were akin to fibrotic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (fNSIP) in 53/72 (74%) patients.Clinical, radiological and lung diffusion measurements were related to incomplete resolution on CT after COP. Imaging abnormalities on CT chest generally resembled fNSIP.

The authors present a simple, convenient, and accurate noise-reduction approach for interpolating spectra, in particular, for converting those available as discrete points equally spaced in wavelength, acquired, for example, by a photodiode-array detector, to equivalent spectra equally spaced in energy, as needed for analysis. Based on continuum mathematics, the algorithm uses Gaussian kernels and capitalizes on the fact that trapezoidal-rule integration is accurate to fourth order in the ratio of point separation to width when applied to Gaussian functions. The approach can be expanded to perform differentiation and other operations. Examples include false-data verification, wavelength-to-energy conversion of near-bandgap interference oscillations of a GaN film, and calculation of the second energy derivative of monolayer MoS2 in the exciton region.The authors present a simple, convenient, and accurate noise-reduction approach for interpolating spectra, in particular, for converting those available as discrete points equally spaced in wavelength, acquired, for example, by a photodiode-array detector, to equivalent spectra equally spaced in energy, as needed for analysis. Based on continuum mathematics, the algorithm uses Gaussian kernels and capitalizes on the fact that trapezoidal-rule integration is accurate to fourth order in the ratio of point separation to width when applied to Gaussian functions. The approach can be expanded to perform differentiation and other operations. Examples include false-data verification, wavelength-to-energy conversion of near-bandgap interference oscillations of a GaN film, and calculation of the second energy derivative of monolayer MoS2 in the exciton region.

Mechanical properties and complex melt viscosity of unfilled and the calcite (calcium carbonate: CaCO 3 ) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites using dumbbell bar and film specimens are studied. In addition, the formation of air holes between calcium carbonate and the resin matrix was investigated from the phase morphology and interfacial behavior between the above constituents upon stretching using scanning electron microscopy. The tensile stress and the complex melt viscosity of the calcite filled (50%) polyethylene composites were higher than that of unfilled ones, implying that the reinforcing effect of calcium carbonate. The crack was initiated up to first 50% elongation along the transverse direction and the formation of air holes was originated by dewetting occurring through machine direction in the interface between calcium carbonate surface and HDPE. The propagation mechanism of the air hole formation was proposed to firstly originate by dewetting up to 300% elongation, and enlarged not only by breaking of a superimposed fibril structure, but also by merging effect air holes between fibrous resin matrix. However, the crack propagation was not observed at the very beginning elongation for the calcite filled LDPE and LLDPE systems. Less fibril structure was observed in LLDPE, then LDPE composites. The observed shape and the average size of the air holes were different from system to system. This sort of different interfacial behavior and mechanical properties may arise from different configuration of polyethylene.

The kinetics of moist carbon monoxide oxidation have been studied experimentally for pressures from 1 to 9.6 atm, temperatures from 960 to 1200 K, and equivalence ratios from 0.33 to 2.1. New data were used in combination with prior flow reactor, shock tube, and static reactor data to develop a revised comprehensive reaction mechanism for the CO/H 2 O/O 2 system. In particular, the new data span the explosion limit behavior of the system and place significantly increased emphasis on the kinetics involving the hydroperoxyl radical. Revisions of the rates recommended in an earlier comprehensive mechanism are needed in order to reproduce experimental observations. While six reaction recommendations were modified, the most important were the kinetic parameters for H 2 O+O=OH+OH and HO 2 +OH=H 2 O+O 2 . Experimentally, the second limit for this reaction system was determined at much higher pressure thanpreviously studied. Near the limit, an increase in pressure results in a two order of magnitude decrease in the oxidation rate. Away from the limit, the pressure dependence of the rate is similar in both the nonexplosive and explosive regimes. In the nonexplosive regime, the kinetics are straight chain in nature and governed by the reactions H+O 2 +M=HO 2 +M, CO+HO 2 =CO 2 +OH, and CO+OH=CO 2 +H. The overall temperature dependence of the oxidation is very large (77 kcal/mol). In the explosive regime, chain-branching phenomena dominate and are controlled by the reactions H+O 2 =OH+O, CO+OH=CO 2 +H, and O+H 2 O=OH+OH. The overall temperature dependence of the oxidation is significantly lower (40 kcal/mol). The sensitivity of the reaction rate to moisture saturates at much lower moisture concentration in the nonexplosive regime. At high pressures (>25 atm), the oxidation of CO through CO+OH=CO 2 +H and CO+HO 2 =CO 2 +OH is numerically predicted to approach a limiting ratio of one-half.

We propose a solution to this packaging and alignment problem by using low-cost, injection-molded plastic optical multichip modules (OMCM). This OMCM is a complete hybrid integration of optical, optomechanical, optoelectronic, and electronic components in a self-aligned single platform. The module integrates microlenses, beam-splitting surfaces, and module-to-module connectors and spacers and has room for integrating the optoelectronics devices directly on it.

Optical interconnects have potential advantage over electrical methods at the backplane level. In this paper we present a free-space optical connection cube for backplane interconnect applications. The connection cube has a symmetric structure which reduces skew between boards. It can be expanded into a 3-dimensional configuration for parallel communication using vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and receiver arrays. Fan-out and fan-in of propagation beams for the connection cube are realized using volume holographic optical elements formed in dichromated gelatin (DCG) emulsion. A four-port communication system has been demonstrated using the connection cube and tested at 500 MHz. In this paper, advantages and detailed implementation of the free-space optical connection cube are presented. Design considerations for fan-out/in holographic gratings and alignment tolerances for the connection cube are discussed. Characteristics of the connection cube are also presented.