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Subtitling of obscene language has been the subject of extensive study in the field of audio-visual translation. Nevertheless, most studies have primarily focused on collecting quantitative and qualitative data concerning translation strategies, often overlooking the critical dimension of subtitling norms. Attempting to discern these norms presents substantial methodological challenges, as they are not readily observable. This research addresses this significant gap by meticulously observing and analyzing the norms in English-to-Arabic subtitling of taboo language within a corpus of TV episodes subtitled by independent translators on DVDs spanning the years 2003 to 2015. Through this investigation, we propose a novel methodology for comprehending the dynamic nature of translation norms and their evolution over time. Our analysis provides valuable insights into the prevalent subtitling strategies employed during two distinct historical periods, specifically 2003 and 2015. Furthermore, this research endeavors to establish a plausible norm for subtitling taboo language in the context of English-to-Arabic translation within the specified timeframes. The findings of this study not only enrich the field of audiovisual translation academically but also offer practical insights that empower practitioners with a deeper understanding of the prevailing subtitling norms. This knowledge equips them to make informed decisions during the subtitling process, ultimately enhancing the accessibility and cultural resonance of audiovisual content on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article falls within the field of translation studies. The focus of the research is on literary texts that describe sensations, emotions, movements, behaviors, and actions of individuals. The study investigates translations from Russian into other languages as well as translations of foreign texts into Russian. Materials from the Russian National Corpus were utilized for this purpose. A substantial corpus of literary texts in English, Spanish, German, Portuguese, and French was analyzed. The findings indicate that one of the translation strategies for expressions with the specified predicates involves appealing to the components of prototypical situations of these emotions. It was revealed that one distinctive feature of expressions in English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, and French—particularly in contrast to Russian expressions — is the tendency to specify the organ involved in a movement, action, or sensation. Another notable characteristic of expressions in foreign languages is the tendency to refer not to the organ itself but to a part of the organ involved in the described process; for example, using “pupil” instead of “eye.”

With the rise of technology and globalisation, subtitling has become essential for accessibility and cross-cultural communication. This study explores the subtitling strategies employed by Romanian subtitlers in the crime drama series Southland, focusing on the translation of extralinguistic culture-bound references (ECRs). Using Jan Pedersen's model of translation strategies, the research analyses approximately 5,000 subtitles from different episodes, revealing how subtitlers navigate cultural differences between American and Romanian contexts. Findings indicate a strong reliance on source-language oriented strategies such as retention and specification to preserve cultural authenticity, alongside target-language oriented strategies such as generalisation and cultural substitution to adapt references for Romanian viewers. Paraphrase has also emerged as a key method for conveying cultural nuances. This research highlights the challenges of translating culture-bound items and emphasises the role of subtitlers as cultural mediators. By providing insights into Romanian subtitling practices, the study contributes to the understanding of audiovisual translation and sets the stage for future research in this evolving field.

Poetry is a literary art that can be difficult to translate, considering its interpretations and the gap between languages. Previous related studies have yet to provide a deeper investigation into problems of poems and translation from students’ points of view. Filling in the gap, this study uses a qualitative method to examine the dominantly utilized translation method, the difficulties encountered, and how such difficulties were tackled. Twelve English Literature students were involved in translating a poem and answering interview questions. The data were analyzed using the poetry translation methods by André Lefevere (1975) and complemented by a written interview to further discuss the students’ perspectives. The results revealed that literal translation is the dominant method used. Problems related to diction in the target text were their main difficulty. Analyzed from their interview responses, the strategies utilized include consulting dictionaries, using descriptive equivalents, finding alternative terms online, and so on. This study concludes that the translation difficulties encountered leaned more toward language production skills and that poem translators should have a strong familiarity with both languages and an interest or expertise in poems. Translation studies should provide more exposure to Indonesian poems to increase familiarity with Indonesian literary diction.

This article analyzes the existing translation of Yuan Ke’s “Myths of Ancient China” (1960), carried out by E. I. Lubo-Lesnichenko and E. V. Puzitsky (1965), focusing on the strategies employed by the translators in conveying Chinese names into Russian in instances of cultural gaps. The aim of the article is to summarize the strategies adhered to by the authors in translating Chinese mythological narratives and to identify the most suitable methods for rendering names of material culture objects into Russian. An assessment is provided regarding the accuracy of translations of fragments of myths that mention concepts such as “tripod,” “jade hairpin,” “jade tablet,” “Jai-gong, Palace of Abstinence,” and others. The analysis reveals that the methods utilized by translators of ancient Chinese myths primarily include phonetic transliteration, literal translation, addition, omission, and annotation. However, the application of these strategies sometimes results in distortion and omission of the original information. This article proposes translational strategies, within the framework of foreignization, that should be adhered to when translating Chinese mythological narratives: addition, omission, transfer, substitution, division, combination, and transliteration.

The article deals with the problem of cross-cultural specificity of reproducing a cinematic text in translation. The framework of this present research is intersemiotic translatology with an emphasis on the synergetic unity of the key semiotic systems – verbal and visual. Consequently, the main task of a translator presupposes motivational choice of translation strategy, which enables the realization of an adequate synergy of effect on perception of a cinematic text by the target audience in terms of cross-cultural comparison. The translation analysis was conducted on the English source cinematic text and two Ukrainian translation versions of historical drama “The King’s Speech” (2010). A cinematic text in translation obtains additional difficulties of cross-cultural character mainly while transcoding the feature films, which display the definite historical and cultural period of a source linguaculture. Such screen adaptational versions are considered as a text in a broad sense, because it implies a cinematic verbal text and on the other hand is a product of a special type of translation – intersemiotic one. Besides, the process of film adaptation of a literary text presupposes the realization of Jakobsonian three types of translation: 1) intralingual translation or rewording (creation of scenario); 2) interlingual translation or translation proper; 3) intersemiotic translation or transmutation, i.e., creation of a film itself. Heterogeneity of the translation medium of a cinematic text as one of the main challenges for a translator occurs in the cases when a translator cannot identify nationally or culturally marked discursive elements of a source text, which can lead to the false or distorted perception of the whole polycode system of the original by the target audience. Hence, it is quite reasonable to undertake the translation analysis of a cinematic text from the point of view of the culturally bound information embedded in it, which should be possessed by both – a translator and a recipient.

This study investigates the translation of Sameer Izzat Nassar and Abdullah Fadhel Farea of humor in their two Arabic versions of Hemingway's Men Without Women. It tackles the difficulties the translators faced and the strategies used by them to overcome these obstacles. The study uses Katharina Reiss's functional model for quality assessment (2000) to analyze the various stylistic and cultural factors that affect the translation of humor, such as word choice, grammar, and style. The findings show that both translators strive to keep a balance between loyalty to the original text and creative translation of humor. The results also highlight the importance of understanding the cultural context, emotional impact, and expectations of the target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Noble Quran, a rich source of color symbolism, uses colors to address various aspects of human existence and life after death. These colors convey positive and negative undertones, aesthetic or moral lessons, and symbolic implications. This paper compares the color connotations across the various translations of the Holy Quran; it shows how the linguistic and cultural differences hint at the varied interpretations that may differ in presenting the symbolic meanings or theological concepts to readers. This study delves into the intricate world of translation strategies, examining the approaches of four prominent translators in rendering the nuanced connotations of colors into English. The study compiled a corpus of Colors in the Holy Quran from Pickthall (1930) and Sahih International (1997) translations, representing Muslim Translation and nonMuslim translations by Arberry (1955) and Dawood (2014). The study highlighted the frequency of explicit colors in the Holy Quran and compared the four translations and the strategies used in rendering the connotations of colors. The study addressed the following question: How do different translation strategies impact Muslim and nonMuslim translators’ rendering of color symbolism in the Noble Quran? It was found that white is the most frequent color, followed by green, black, yellow, blue, and red. Translators employed literal translation, addition, free translation, domestication, and omission. The study also revealed an intertextual reference to the ld Testament in Dawood’s translation, adding another layer of complexity to the analysis. This paper contributes to understanding how translation strategies, including literal translation, domestication, and intertextual references, influence interpretation related to color symbolism in the Quran and bring cultural and religious nuance to the text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation of culture-specific references (CSRs) is challenging and results in cultural compromises and even untranslatability, especially when cultures are different. The aim of this study is to identify strategies for translating CSRs from Lithuanian into English in tourist-related promotional texts. CSRs were categorised according to their types and translation strategies. The distribution of CSRs was almost proportional in all categories: organisations, material culture, social culture, names, and ecology. The translation strategies included literal translation (dominant), globalisation, preservation, addition, descriptive equivalent, omission and orthographic adaptation. The study contributes to the understanding of intercultural communication in the context of Lithuanian culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the success and failure of ChatGPT in translating some Arabic free poetry texts selected from Wahib's 'Hulm 'ala Nasiat Aljabin 'A Dream on the Corners of Nostalgia.' In this study, we examined ChatGPT's ability in the translation field. In particular, the focus is on translating in Arabic context. The free poetry texts were first translated by the authors and then by ChatGPT. Both translations were then analyzed and compared to find out to what extent ChatGPT translation deviates from human translation. A qualitative approach is adopted with the help of comparative and analytical methods. The results show that ChatGPT is, to some extent, successful in producing a natural English translation of the Arabic poems in this study. In contrast, humans adopt translation strategies like paraphrasing, adapting, recreating, and transliteration. ChatGPT adopts translation strategies like paraphrasing addition, word-for-word, and literal translation. However, there is no care for the aesthetic values in ChatGPT's translation, and many types of translation errors result from applying these strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to evaluate the translation strategies used in the subtitling of the stand-up comedy entitled "The American Dream," performed by the Moroccan-French comedian Gad Elmaleh and broadcasted on Netflix. It is taken for granted that translation is needed to bridge communication between two languages and between cultures. Nowadays, however, digital translation has changed the way information is created and accessed to the extent that it is now consumed via the screen. Examining the difficulties of English-to-Arabic subtitling is another primary goal of this research. The task gets harder when the source text is a humoristic one because humour touches many areas of people's lives. Humour is always difficult to subtitle as it is often linked to cultural and linguistic factors. Though humour is universal, some humour is culturally specific and cannot be funny if you are not part of the target culture. This paper identifies the main strategies translators use to render the source text into Arabic. It will also take a look at the linguistic, cultural, and technical challenges that may hinder communication. In the case of humour, the intended meaning is lost, and translation does not perform its tasks. Having some cultural references for this show will allow us to understand and analyse the translation and identify the challenges, losses, and inaccuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cognate accusative (CA) in Arabic grammar is a unique structure that has no direct equivalent in English. This paper analyses the various strategies and procedures that the translator used to translate CA instances and assesses the success of these strategies. The significance of the study lies in its attempt to explore the complexities inherent in the CA when translated from Arabic into English, as well as the special difficulties accruing to translation because of the grammatical structure being nonexistent in English. The research particularly looks into The Call of the Curlew, the English translation of Taha Hussein’s novel Doa’a Al-Karawn, which serves as a model to analyse the Arabic CAs and their English counterparts. It underscores Taha Hussein’s novel ‘Doa’a Al-Karawn’ as a case study, highlighting the novel’s ‘untranslatable’ label by some scholars due to its intricate linguistic features. To evaluate the naturalness and acceptability of the renditions, a questionnaire that includes six examples is disseminated to 91 translation experts and 18 native English speakers. The results show the difficulties surrounding the translation of the CA as indicated by the translator, who states in the introduction to his translation that Hussein’s literary production has been labelled ‘untranslatable’ by some scholars because of the literary language of the novel. In particular, the study found that the translator used strategies of the use of adverbs, omission, derivation, idiomatic expressions, explanatory translation, nominal descriptive phrases, phrasal verbs, adjectives, addition, prepositional adverbs, and intensifiers, with varying frequencies. The findings indicate that adverbs and omission are the most commonly employed strategies, reflecting the difficulties in conveying the CA’s emphasis and aesthetic function in translation. The study, therefore, concludes with the main strategies used to render this Arabic-specific structure into English based on the analysis of the selected work of literature and the quantitative results of the questionnaire.

The publication of Latviešu Avīzes, the first Latvian newspaper, on January 5, 1822, marked the birth of Latvian print advertising. In the early days of Latviešu Avīzes, advertising emerged from news articles that incorporated promotional elements and from classified advertisements. Since its formative years in the early 19th century, Latvian advertising has undergone several notable transformations. The contrast with modern-day advertising in popular magazines is showcased in various examples of changing values, foreign language influence in translations, brands, terminology and multimodality. The analysed examples show that advertising, in particular translated ads, has influenced and continues to influence the development of the Latvian language.

This study examines translation strategies and the impact of translation strategies on translated texts produced by master's students of the English program at the campus of UNDIKMA Mataram. This study used a qualitative approach that included recording methods, specifically internal data recording. The data collected were 10 products translated from English to Indonesian by the requester. The English translation includes 390 words. They are allowed to use traditional or offline/electronic dictionaries when translating text. The study used several translation strategies, which are translation methods (literal translation and oblique translation) and translation processes (borrowing, calque translation, literal translation, modulation, transposition, equivalence, and translation). Transform). The results show that master's students tend to use local strategies and literal translation methods in translation. This affects the quality of the translation, making it less natural in the target language. In addition, translation errors also occur due to wrong/incorrect word selection, leading to failure to convey the message in the text source. The result of this research expected will bring valuable contributions to future research and courses serving translation activities.

The purpose of this paper is to report on the experiences learnt from a translation project which involved the translation of academic study material from English into IsiZulu. The study material was commissioned for translation as part of a multilingual project being undertaken by one of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa and came from different disciplines of study. The translator who had been assigned the project assembled a team of three qualified and experienced translators to collaborate on the project. Each translator was assigned to translate materials from the same discipline to avoid inconsistencies that could arise if different translators were assigned to handle texts from the same discipline. Computer Assisted Translation (CAT) tools were used during the translation process and different English-IsiZulu/IsiZulu-English lexicographic resources and various dictionaries were used as references when needed. Feedback received from the translators indicated that translating academic texts from English into isiZulu is quite challenging due to lack of equivalent terminology in isiZulu for most of the concepts used in academic English. However, it was found that it was possible to circumvent equivalence related challenges by using various translation strategies that are recommended by renowned translation scholars. Using qualitative data sourced from the translated texts and analysed using the theory of equivalence, this paper is a synopsis of the different translators' experiences (challenges, hurdles and how they were resolved) and makes suggestions of what needs to be done to improve the translation of academic texts into indigenous African languages in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the translation strategies for the negated counterparts of yǒu rén 'there is someone, there are people' in a parallel corpus composed of Chinese-to-English aligned narrative texts. It specifically explores the distinction between existentials and presentationals in negative contexts. The analysis shows that negative existentials convey human absence in a given location, with the English translation often thematizing the location and implicitizing the human entity to varying degrees. The study contributes to the debate on whether presentationals can be negated, arguing that while negative presentationals do not introduce discourse referents, they express the occurrence of nonevents tied to spatiotemporal coordinates just like events. These sentences often establish Set-Member relationships with discourse-old groups, visible in English translations through partitive nouns (e.g., none, no one of them) or referring expressions referencing the Set (e.g., they, everyone). In other instances, negative presentationals convey counterexpectational meaning, indicating the non-occurrence of an expected event. In all cases, negative presentationals are thus strongly tied to the cotext and cannot be uttered "out of the blue" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the strategies utilized in translating conceptual metaphors from English into Arabic in the YouTube auto-generated subtitles of BBC Travel Show. It also investigates the translation errors made in YouTube subtitles. The corpus consisted of twelve episodes aired between 2015 and 2020; each was twenty-two to twenty-four minutes long. The data were manually selected and analyzed based on the conceptual metaphor theory. These metaphors were then categorized on the basis of linguistic similarities or differences, figurative meanings, and conceptual bases. The findings revealed that three main translation strategies were employed to render the meaning of metaphors from English into Arabic. The first and most used strategy was to use a target text (TT) metaphor that is linguistically and conceptually similar to the source text (ST) metaphor. The second strategy was to replace the ST metaphor by the target language (TL) metaphor, and the last strategy was to use a TT metaphor that has a different linguistic form but with similar conceptual mapping conditions. The findings also indicated that there were two main translation errors, namely wrong word choice and incoherent translations of multiword metaphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an intertextual and culture-specific expression, allusion activates two texts simultaneously, embedding them with intended meaning from the source culture but not necessarily in the target culture. In the context of L1 translation being the majority, allusions can be puzzles that cause "cultural bumps" for translators unfamiliar with the source culture and language. It is a concern whether translators can accurately and appropriately handle allusions, e.g., proper-name and key-phrase allusions. This paper focused on the novice translator's utilization of translation strategies in both directions of translation to find out how they deal with proper-name allusions and what might influence their choice of strategies. The results suggest that the translators have distinct preferences for the strategies used to translate proper-name allusions in both directions of translation. The findings further identified potential factors that motivated the novice translators' decision-making process. They revealed their translation competence and awareness that may influence the decision-making of translators handling proper-name allusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expressions of impossibility refer to events that can never or rarely happen, tasks that are difficult or impossible to perform, people or things that are of no use and things that are impossible to find. This study explores the similarities and differences between English and Arabic expressions of impossibility, and the difficulties that student-translators have with them. A corpus of English and Arabic expressions of impossibility was collected, analyzed and compared. Data analysis showed that English and Arabic expressions of impossibility fall into 4 categories: (i) those that are identical in form and meaning in both languages (to look for a needle in a haystack, when salt blossoms, when heaven falls on earth); (ii) those that are similar in meaning but differ in wording (when pigs fly, on cloud nine, not in a million years); (iii) those used in English, but have no equivalents in Arabic (when hell freezes over, dance on a land mine); and (iv) those used in Arabic but have no equivalents in English (الظهر عز في النجوم يريه to show someone the stars at noon/in daylight). Responses to a translation test showed that student-translators could translate fewer than 35% of the test items correctly and left many blank. Expressions of impossibility that are similar in English and Arabic were easy to translate, whereas opaque ones (ghost of a chance, near the knuckle, dance on a land mine, تتغطى ما الشمس عين بغربال the sun cannot be covered with a sieve; العنب الشوك من تجنى لا إنك you cannot reap grapes from thorns; حلمة تشوف لما ودنك when you see your ear’s lobe; مخرز تقاوم ما العين the eye cannot defy a n awl). English expressions of impossibility were more difficult to translate than Arabic ones as they contained unfamiliar lexical items. Literal translation, explanation/paraphrase, partial translation, and extraneous translation were the most common strategies in that order. Detailed results and recommendations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Íkala: Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses bilingualism in Slovenian Istria, where both Slovenian and Italian are official languages, and it examines translations of administrative texts from the websites of four bilingual municipalities: Ankaran, Koper, Izola, and Piran. The study briefly reviews prior analyses whose findings served as the foundation for this research, and it outlines characteristic and widely used full-form lexical units as well as acronyms and abbreviations in normative and informative bilingual texts. It then discusses problems in terminological uniformity, proposing appropriate translation strategies to provide coherent use of terminology as well as clearer texts.

Metaphor is a figurative language often found in literary works, especially novels. It contains unique cultural elements, which makes metaphor hard to understand and translate. This study examines the strategy of translating metaphors in The Ballad of Never After novel from English into Indonesian. Data were analyzed using the qualitative descriptive method completed with the theory by Newmark (1988) regarding translation strategies of metaphor. This study revealed that from the 96 data obtained, seven translation strategies of metaphor were used by translators to convey the meaning of the metaphors in the novel from English to Indonesian and reproducing the Same Image in the Target Language is the most frequently used strategy. In contrast, the least used strategy is Changing the Metaphor by Simile Combined with Sense and Deleting. It indicates that English and Indonesian share many metaphorical images with similar meanings. It causes translators being more flexible in reproducing metaphors in the target language, considering cultural similarities and the circumstances in which metaphors are expressed.

This paper aims to investigate the translation strategies used to render swear words from English into French subtitles in Netflix Original Series. More specifically, we present the methodology applied to describe the translation strategies used to render 200 instances of the swear word fuck and 138 instances of the swear word shit in the first season of Orange Is the New Black (OITNB). All 338 instances were classified into six strategies, partly drawing on existing typologies of subtitling strategies. While the omission and standardization strategies have been borrowed from existing typologies, the definitions of the euphemism and maintenance strategies have been adapted. The textual analyses also allowed for the identification of two new translation strategies. Although less frequent in the corpus, these strategies, called direct compensation and pragmatic softening, are thought to better reflect French idiosyncrasies and complement existing typologies.

Allah Almighty revealed the Holy Qur'an to the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) with the message of Islam to take humankind out of darkness into the light guidance. Translation effectively disseminates the divine message and the teaching of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to humanity in various languages. Translating the Holy Qur'an is a challenging job. Only those scholars who have sufficient knowledge about the terminologies relating to Qur'anic studies in addition to other translation skills can carry out the translating process for Qur'an’s text. This research paper primarily discusses the importance of translation to disseminate the teachings of the Holy Qur'an to humankind. It also focuses on the answer of the question about the legitimacy of the translation of the Holy Quran through some arguments based on the Qur'anic verses, Hadiths and Juristic laws. In addition, it highlights various challenges and problems facing translators while translating the text of the Holy Qur'an. It also deliberates some translation strategies and methods by Mona Baker to deal with these challenges indicating to some adequate solutions for rendering the text of Qur'an. It mentions some reasons that cause mistakes while translating the text of the Quran. It contains some recommendations and suggestions by mentioning some mechanisms at individual and collective level for taking initiatives towards the translating process for Quran’s text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals for Istrian & Mediterranean Studies / Annales: Series Historia et Sociologia is the property of Historical Society of Southern Primorska of Koper and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metaphors, which represent the understanding and interpretation aspect of language, are an important means of expression in daily communication as well as rhetoric. Metaphor, which is a figurative language type, is used to express a concept in a more vivid, lively and distinctive way. In forming a metaphor, firstly, a concept is determined and a relationship is established between two different concepts through various means such as comparison, association and approximation, initially based on similarity. Metaphors are also widely used in the language of religion, directly impacting social life. In this context, metaphors are a natural part of Quranic rhetoric. Translating such expressions poses various linguistic and semantic challenges due to cultural and linguistic differences between the source and target languages. The main aim of this study is to draw attention to the difficulties mentioned by conducting a comparative analysis of metaphor translations in Turkish Quran translations made in different geographies and periods. In this context, various types and features of prominent metaphors in the holy Quran were identified, and the obtained data were analyzed in light of conceptual metaphor theory, also utilizing interpretations. The focal point of the analysis is how metaphors in Turkish Quran translations are handled in different periods and geographies. The identified metaphor examples were evaluated through a comparative method diachronically and synchronically. As a data source, translations of the Quran into Turkish from the Karakhanid Turkish period onwards, including Khwarazm Turkish and Old Anatolian Turkish periods, and a translation made in contemporary Turkish were utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in this modern era has been one of the major interests in translation studies. The ability of AI to produce human-like translations has become an ongoing discussion among scholars. Therefore, this qualitative-descriptive study aimed to investigate the utility of AI in providing alternatives for journalistic text translation results made by English Department students of Universitas Palangka Raya during a Translation Course. Given the communicative nature of journalistic texts, this study explores how culturally distinctive features, such as idioms, collocations, traditional language nuances, and organization names, are translated from Indonesian into English. By referring to translation strategies adapted from Newmark (1988), Hoed (2006), and Baker (2011), this study applied comparative analysis between the translation results made by students and those generated by AI technology, i.e. DeepL and ChatGPT. Through the data tabulation, the results of this study show that AI systems can be reliable tools for demonstrating the same creativity which is one of the key characteristics of human translation. Translation creativity in this study refers to the ability to select the most effective strategies and wording to produce better translation versions of those culturally distinctive features. This study is expected to shed light on the evolving role of AI in the field of translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To This study aims to reveal the translation strategy used by Tiffany Tsao in rendering of CSIs in the novel “Paper Boats” by Dewi Lestari based on Baker's theory. This study is descriptive qualitative research. The data consist of lingual units, in the form of words or phrases, which contain culture-specific items. The source of data is taken from “Paper Boats” novel by Dewi Lestari that translated by Tiffany Tsao. The data were collected through observation and by taking notes and analyzed using the equivalent and referential methods. The findings show that there are six translation strategies used by Tiffani Tsao in rendering CSIs in Dewi Lestari's paper boats novel. Superordinate (translation by a more general word) becomes the most dominant translation strategies in rendering CSIs in this novel followed by translation using a loan word or loan word plus explanation, translation by cultural substitution, translation by paraphrase using related words, translation by paraphrase using unrelated words and translation by omission.

This paper examines the translations of ‘Golden Kamuy Vol. 1’ from Japanese to Bahasa Melayu/Bahasa Indonesia by MT system Google Translate (GT) and online fan-based translating community Komikcast. Given the linguistic and sociocultural differences between the source language (SL) and target language (TL), translating manga demands expertise and a profound understanding of the cultural nuances embedded in the SL, the specific manga genre, and the target audience. This qualitative descriptive study uses Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1958/1995) translation strategies to analyze the translations of ‘Golden Kamuy Vol. 1’ by GT and Komikcast. The study finds that both platforms employ Literal Translation, Borrowing, and Equivalence strategies, with Komikcast additionally using Modulation. GT primarily relies on literary translation, which is consistent with its algorithmic nature and reliance on translation memories. Conversely, Komikcast emphasizes the Equivalence strategy, recognizing the significance of language proficiency and the contextual and cultural insights human translators provide. Findings are discussed in relation to Nida’s equivalence effects, particularly regarding the translated text’s purpose, translators’ knowledge, and cultural differences in SL and TL. This research enhances our understanding of manga translation, as well as the strengths and limitations of machine and human translation, while contributing to the broader discussion on translation studies. While acknowledging the role and potential of machine translation, this research also reinforces the critical role of human translators in bridging linguistic and cultural gaps between Japanese and Indonesian, highlighting the need for translators to possess deep cultural insights and proficiency beyond literal translations for more authentic and contextually accurate renditions.

The present article focuses on the analysis of how adverbs of evidential certainty are translated into Romanian in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. Drawing on previous work, we argue that adverbs of certainty exhibit different interpretations function of their context of occurrence and their position in the clause. In this analysis, I am going to look at the different translation strategies employed in the ten Romanian translations of the book. We are interested in investigating the differences between the earliest translation and the most recent retranslations. We can safely assume that evidentiality is a universal semantic category that is coded differently in different languages. Therefore, it is going to be interesting to see how the rendering of evidential adverbs into Romanian differs from one translator to another across time. Adverbs of certainty express more often than not a degree of confidence on the part of the speaker alongside the speaker’s attitude toward the content of the sentence.

While compounding is highly productive in English, typically joining two words in a tight-knit semantic and syntactic unit, it is a minor derivational process in Romanian, which favours affixation instead. In light of this typological difference between the two languages, the present paper investigates the translation of English -ing adjectival compounds into Romanian in order to shed light on the strategies translators employ to compensate for the general absence of compounding in the latter language. It is shown that different translation strategies produce a number of regular patterns which lean towards explicitation, though implicitation is not excluded (Blum-Kulka 1986, Klaudy 2003, 2009, Klaudy & Károly 2005 etc.).

A complex process that necessarily goes beyond the surface level of words and phrases, (literary) translation is also a means to understand the cultures whose products the translated texts are. In this article, I look at the English and the Romanian translations of two Japanese novels in an attempt to identify those elements that prove that the texts carry the load of the specific type of culture that both the translators and the readers belong to. More specifically, I analyse the way in which the discourse is reconstructed in English and Romanian in light of Edward T. Hall’s high-context culture vs. low-context culture distinction. This article does not focus on the translation of culture-specific realities, as is the case with most studies that compare textual products belonging to different cultures, but on the way in which ordinary realities are rendered in English and Romanian. I look at the degree to which the context created by the Japanese authors is explicitly specified and the level of directness of the discourse in the two languages, as representative features of the high-context vs. low context cultures dichotomy. The examples analysed here suggest that the English translations tend to employ more strategies for an explicit specification of the context and to create a more direct discourse than the Romanian ones, which is consistent with the fact that English is a language considered typical of low-context culture spaces. Romanian translations are generally closer to the Japanese original, showing a more high-context culture perspective, confirming the existence of a continuum between the two extreme ends in Hall’s dichotomy.

Taboo and tabooed expressions are a broad field that can be studied from different perspectives. In this paper, taboos are treated from a linguistic and translation studies perspective. In doing so, the paper aims to answer the following questions: What does the term "taboo" mean? What are the most common types of taboos? Where do taboos appear most often? How can taboo expressions be dealt with in translation? What types of taboo play a role in translating into or from Arabic? Which translation strategies are (more) suitable for this? The aim is to find suitable means of linguizing and translating tabooed expressions that are feasible in translation practice and, above all, help translators to produce target-oriented translations that are both linguistically and culturally correct. In doing so, the author draws on his many years of teaching and translating and uses current studies as a starting point so that the results can link theo-ry with practice and be helpful to researchers, translators, and students.

Translation from one language to another is as much a compromise between two lexicons as it is a negotiation between two cultures. Translating culture is no easy feat, but when this is done in the context of film, and the constraints of subtitling come into play, the difficulty of the process is exacerbated. This article analyzes the strategies which have been utilized to translate into English the French culture-specific terms in Jean-Pierre Jeunet’s French romantic comedy Le Fabuleux Destin d’Amélie Poulain. In so doing, the study seeks to ascertain how foreign culture is represented in the film and whether the English-subtitled version of the original diminishes the experience or whether it adds another dimension to it. To this end, the study relies on Jan Pedersen’s taxonomy of ECR transfer strategies as well as his classification of cultural domains. It is found that the English subtitle version’s main aim was to render the movie comprehensible to the Anglophone viewer and less so to reflect French culture, a job left mainly to the cinematography and the music of the film. The translator manages nevertheless to maintain a level of cultural authenticity by using a specific translation strategy. The result is one which allows the non-French speaking viewer not only to comprehend a relatively complex dialogue and plot, but also to experience the French cultural magic intended to be conveyed.

Allusions represent cultural elements originating from a specific culture, presenting a significant challenge for translators. The focus of this study was to investigate the strategies employed by translators in dealing with allusions, specifically proper-name allusions (PN) and key-phrase (KP) allusions. A comparative analysis was conducted between each type of allusion and its Persian translation to identify the strategies used by the Persian translator in translating these types of allusions from English into Persian. The findings revealed that the translator tended to use the ‘retention of name’ strategy over the ‘replacement of name by another’ and ‘omission of name’ strategies for PN allusions. Within the sub-categories of the ‘retention of name’ strategy, ‘retention of PN as such’ is proved to be the most frequently employed tactic. For KP allusions, the translator demonstrated a preference for the ‘literal/minimum change translation’ strategy. Despite the recurrent use of the ‘retention of name’ and ‘literal/minimum change translation’ strategies for both types of allusions, the obscured meanings hindered a deep understanding for the target audience. Consequently, the translator struggled to convey a clear meaning of the allusions, impacting effective communication with the target readers. The insights from this study are valuable for translation students, aspiring translators, and translation instructors.

Sergei Dovlatov (1941–1990) is considered to be one of the most important Russian writers of the second half of the 20th century, whose work is studied both in Russia and in other countries in Europe, America, and Asia. The aim of this article is to analyze some peculiarities of his style and possible translation strategies to preserve it in translation using a semiotic approach to literary text analysis. The theme of alcohol is an integral part of the writer’s discourse, since, through references to drinking, Dovlatov describes both the characters in his works, whose worldview is built around drinking, and the reality around them. The semiotic approach allows us to discover additional meanings and sense involved in the construction of images in the literary text. At the same time, it is also effective for analyzing literary translations, as it draws the translator’s attention to the crucial elements for achieving communicative equivalence between the original and the translated text. The comparative analysis of the texts of «Pushkin Hills» and «The Compromise» and their translations into Spanish (Iberian version) and Brazilian Portuguese has shown that the greatest difficulties for the translators emerge due to a great number of references to cultural realities and phenomena of the Soviet culture, especially when the author’s humor is based on the references to such phenomena. Most often, in such cases, translators resort to the strategy of domestication, adapting the text to the culture of the translation, which can sometimes lead to the distortion of the author’s intentions and the loss of some of the meanings present in the original text.

Notwithstanding the growing number of research on many aspects of audiovisual translation, cross-cultural pragmatics has remained under-investigated in audiovisual translation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the translation of general extenders—such as and stuff (like that) and or something in Persian dubbing and non-professional subtitling. Positioned at the crossroads of the pragmatics of fiction and audiovisual translation, the analysis presented in this article draws upon past research on English and Persian general extenders, as well as the models for translating general extenders. In doing so, this study follows a corpus-based approach, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to identify translation patterns of general extenders by dubbing translators and fansubbers in Iran. A corpus of twelve English films from different genres, along with their Persian dubbing and non-professional subtitling, was compiled for the investigation. Overall findings suggest that non-professional subtitlers followed a literal and sourced-oriented approach to translation, resulting in a more direct translation of general extenders. In contrast, the dubbing team (i.e., translator and dubbing director) tended to edit out these pragmatic issues in their translations; therefore, many general extenders were deleted in the translation. This was partly because the translation for dubbing has to be synchronized, resulting in some omissions and partly because the dubbing team paid less attention to these elements. Additionally, other strategies, such as substitution or explicitation were infrequently used in both dubbing and non-professional subtitling. The paper concludes by discussing limitations and offering opportunities for future research.

The article deals with the issue of international legal documents translation from English into Russian. Translation strategies are identified which allow achieving accuracy in the translation of legal texts. The paper uses such research methods as contextual analysis, descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, definition analysis, distributive analysis. The factors that complicate the translation of legal texts are identified, including replenishment of the legal terminology system with neologisms and abundance of specialized legal terminology and terminology of related fields of knowledge. It is pointed out that the translator must possess specialized knowledge, as well as a high level of translation and linguacultural competence, which will help to avoid distortion of meaning and violation of the logic when translating from English into Russian. The author identifies the translation techniques used in the translation of legal texts, the choice of which is determined by the analyzed principles and strategies. The research material is the English-language texts of the declarations of BRICS summits and their official translated Russian-language versions. As a result of the research, it was found that the principles of translation of international legal documents correspond to the classical principles of translation, since they require the translator to have a good understanding of the text content, a high level of proficiency in both the source and target languages, preservation of the author’s communicative intention in translation. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of another principle of translation, which a translator should focus on when choosing strategies and techniques for translating international legal texts, in particular, the principle of interdisciplinarity. The author also identifies the main translation techniques, the use of which allows to achieve equivalence and adequacy in translation of legal texts. The research contributes to the development of the theory and practice of translation in general and specialized translation, in particular. In the future, it is planned to conduct comparative studies aimed at identifying the principles, strategies and techniques of translating civil and criminal law documents.

The article consists of the analysis of the reception of Olga Tokarczuk's prose in Portugal and Brazil, as well as the comparative analysis of the novel Prowadź swój pług przez kości umarłych in Portuguese translations in the European and Brazilian standards, carried out by Teresa Fernandes Świątkiewicz and Olga Bagińska-Shinzato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]