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Urban tourism is considered a complex system, and multiscale exploration of the organizational patterns of attraction networks has become a topical issue in urban tourism, so exploring the multiscale characteristics and connection mechanisms of attraction networks is important for understanding the linkages between attractions and even the future destination planning. This paper uses geotagging data to compare the links between attractions in Beijing, China during four different periods: the pre-Olympic period (2004–2007), the Olympic Games and subsequent 'heat period' (2008–2013), the post-Olympic period (2014–2019), and the COVID-19(Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic period (2020–2021). The aim is to better understand the evolution and patterns of attraction networks at different scales in Beijing and to provide insights for tourism planning in the destination. The results show that the macro, meso-, and microscales network characteristics of attraction networks have inherent logical relationships that can explain the commonalities and differences in the development process of tourism networks. The macroscale attraction network degree Matthew effect is significant in the four different periods and exhibits a morphological monocentric structure, suggesting that new entrants are more likely to be associated with attractions that already have high value. The mesoscale links attractions according to the common purpose of tourists, and the results of the community segmentation of the attraction networks in the four different periods suggest that the functional polycentric structure describes their clustering effect, and the weak links between clusters result from attractions bound by incomplete information and distance, and the functional polycentric structure with a generally more efficient network of clusters. The pattern structure at the microscale reveals the topological transformation relationship of the regional collaboration pattern, and the attraction network structure in the four different periods has a very similar importance profile structure suggesting that the attraction network has the same construction rules and evolution mechanism, which aids in understanding the attraction network pattern at both macro and micro scales. Important approaches and practical implications for planners and managers are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to develop an index for measuring destination image perceptions based on data collected from three prime tourism destinations (destination A = 212, destination B = 194 and destination C = 176 responses) in India in the new normal. There are three studies based on self-reported measures conducted. While the first two studies collected perceptual responses from destinations A and B and were used to validate the factor structure of the destination image, the third study-based responses were used to assess the criterion validity of the destination image index. Our instrument shows that destination image is a second-order index composed of hygiene and vaccination, socio-political environment, natural environment, attractions, and value for money. Implications for managers and practitioners were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines whether, following a prolonged health crisis, the offer of a tourist destination coupled with the use of health and safety protocols at the destination, influences brand equity and intention to visit. Specifically, it (a) examines whether the indoor/outdoor activity offers influence brand equity and intention to visit, (b) demonstrates whether health and safety protocols influence brand equity and intention to visit, and (c) tests whether there is a moderating effect by the use of health and safety protocols in destinations specializing in indoor, rather than outdoor, activities. The study is based on an experimental design in which the type of offer (out/indoor activities) and the use of anti-covid protocols versus their non-use were manipulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) act as icons to attract visitors seeking to experience cultural (ancient) heritage. Gastronomy, as cultural heritage, reinforces the identity of a destination. Presenting a case study from a Portuguese UNESCO WHS, this study brings insights into how these destinations may deepen the knowledge on gastronomic visitors, contributing to their sustainable development. Specifically, this study aims to identify the importance that visitors give to gastronomy and to identify their differences in terms of profile and travel behaviour, through data collected using a visitors' survey. Results show that gastronomy can be a major motivator for visiting a WHS and indicate that visitors strongly motivated by gastronomy have differences in terms of demographic profile, motivations and expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing how tourists behave in destinations is a key issue for successful marketing and management. Continuous changes in motivations of tourists highlight the necessity to understand visitors' consumption patterns. The choices they make regarding the type of accommodation not only reflect tourists' expectations, but also influence their behavior in the destination. This research aim is analyzing the possible differences in behavior between tourists depending on their preferred accommodation. The study was carried out in the province of Jaén, an emerging destination in southern Spain. A semi-structured survey was conducted with 430 visitors obtaining information that highlights, among other issues, the interest expressed by rural accommodation users in natural environments, along with more evenly disbursed spending patterns across the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationality is considered a highly relevant determinant of tourism expenditure. In this paper, we use survey data to estimate the main determinants of daily tourism expenditure in 2019 for five nationalities of a major coastal destination, the Canary Islands. A total of 38 regressors, based on literature, are used with the help of quantile regression analysis to understand the behaviour patterns of different expenditure segments. To obtain segmented information on the determinants of expenditure, independent quantile regression models for each nationality are estimated and compared. Results show that there are similarities but also some remarkable differences between nationalities regarding income, age, travel group, educational level, or content of the package that can be used in destination management and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical study uses nudge theory to develop conceptual models to predict the pro-sustainable behaviors of visitors. Two sets of antecedents, including the destination level (i.e. destination social responsibility [DSR]) and the individual level (climate change perception), were used as configurations to stimulate the pro-sustainable behavioral intentions of visitors in terms of willingness to sacrifice, eco-behaviors, and localism. The proposed models were tested using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to investigate the net effect of the antecedents and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore complex configurations leading to the pro-sustainable behavioral intentions of visitors. An interview study with experts was also conducted to develop a framework illustrating transformational drivers of actual pro-sustainable behaviors. Climate change concerns and environmentally responsible destinations appear to be significant predictors of visitors' willingness to sacrifice, localism, and eco-behaviors. Climate change awareness, beliefs, and concerns are necessary for pro-sustainable behavioral intentions. The results highlight the importance of nudge theory and creative practices to enact pro-sustainable behavioral change. The proposed framework offers guidelines at the tactical, strategic, and structural levels to stimulate visitors' actual behaviors toward climate change actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the processes involved in the construction of the perception of a cross-border sustainable tourism destination image in peripheral regions. The research presented was conducted using an empirical approach that merges qualitative and quantitative techniques. The main results of this study include the identification of the key components that contribute to the formation of the image of a sustainable cross-border tourist destination in the region encompassing Alcoutim (Portugal) and Sanlúcar de Guadiana (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the impact of green marketing tools (green advertising and eco-labelling) and green motives on green purchase intention, subsequently enhancing green satisfaction and WOM, with brand experience as a moderator. Data from 391 participants in China and 337 in India were analyzed. Findings reveal (a) green marketing tools positively affect green brand image and trust, (b) green brand image and trust mediate the relationship between green marketing tools, motives, and green purchase intention, (c) green purchase intention brings greater satisfaction and WOM, and (d) brand experience moderates the relationship between green brand image, trust, and green purchase intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data Envelopment Analysis is among the most frequently used methods to create composite indices in sustainability measurement. The present study aims to contribute toward the use of this methodology thanks to its ability either to seek an individual weighting scheme for each destination or to use a common set of weights for all the alternatives. The first alternative is similar to the CCR model, while the other is comprised of two parts: one that maximizes the total efficiency of the units and the other that minimizes the minimum efficiency. The study was conducted in Cuba using both parts, objective and subjective indicators attained from the regional proposal known as the Caribbean Zone of Sustainable Tourism. The results demonstrate the reliability of the selected indicators to measure tourism sustainability, the feasibility of the proposal for being combined with other approaches in supporting the decision-making process, and the great explanatory power of the outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the spatial evolution characteristics of high-level Grade A tourist attractions in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration, from 2001 to 2021, are studied by comprehensively applying the nearest neighbor index, kernel density analysis, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation. High-level Grade A tourist attractions are investigated using the random forest model as the driving mechanism of the spatial pattern. Results show that 1) the spatial distribution of high-level Class A tourist attractions in the YRD city cluster has grown to be an agglomeration, and the high-density areas have evolved from "point-like dispersion to regiment-like combination," gradually forming a B-shaped core density structure. 2) The spatial distribution comprises an overall "northwest–southeast" direction, a small counterclockwise rotation, the distribution of the center of gravity to the southwest migration, and the center of gravity from the territory of Suzhou City to the territory of Huzhou City. 3) The high-level Class A tourist attractions in the YRD city cluster as a whole show a strong positive spatial correlation, and the significantly clustered areas include three types: high-high (H-H), low-low (L-L), and low-high (L-H). 4) The spatial distribution of high, A-level tourist attractions in the YRD city cluster results from the combined action of the natural environment, resource endowment, socioeconomy, and policy background. Each element has a nonlinear and complex influence on the distribution of scenic spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The image of a tourist destination is considered a vital aspect of international travel experiences, yet research in this area remains limited. Adopting a combination of netography and qualitative research methodology, this study aims to contribute to the scientific knowledge of destination image development in Thailand by analysing online travelogues to evaluate how Chinese tourists interpret the idea of destination image. To achieve this goal, 146,641 words of Chinese internet comments containing the keyword "Thailand" from four major media sources and Chinese bloggers were gathered and analysed using netography methodology. The findings showed that there was a rise in public interest, in public forums, in the destination image of Thailand among Chinese outbound tourists. The study's results may provide important fundamental theoretical insights and inspire further investigation into the issue of destination image construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG) framework contributes to the study of tourism destination evolution by focusing on the various circumstances and events through which tourism destinations develop over long periods of time. Our research objective is to investigate how players in tourism destinations shape development pathways when they face stagnant or lock‐in situations. Applying the concepts of path dependence and path creation, we explain how path shaping mechanisms such as bricolage (the process of combining available resources to create innovative outcomes) and breakthrough (a process where actors attempt to generate dramatic outcomes to deviate from existing pathways) occur using two destinations in the two regencies of the Toraja region of Sulawesi, Indonesia, as a case study. Understanding cultural tourism destination pathways requires frameworks capable of interrogating ethno‐political structures and histories and assessing how they influence developmental pathways that generate regional transformations. Our investigation indicates: strong path dependence in tourism, due to cultural, political, and economic conditions, inhibits breakthrough development; that the strength of path dependence at a regional level strongly influences the path shaping processes at the firm level; and that a breakthrough developmental process in tourism does not exclude bricolage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in the circular economy poses a pivotal challenge for the tourism sector. A measurement framework is crucial for guiding the actors of the tourism sector in the development of a long-term strategy for a circular transition. Based on action research, where researchers and practitioners collaborate with each other, a co-created measurement framework was developed based on four types of capital and five circular economy principles. An assessment tool based on 54 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was then developed and tested in nine tourism destinations in the Mediterranean region. The framework was further fine-tuned through expert feedback and practitioners support, leading to the final Circular Measurement System for tourism destinations. This represents a solid and stakeholder-based measurement system to assess the circularity of tourism destinations, tangibly promoting the transition of the sector towards a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift from memorable to transformative experiences is taking place in the emerging transformation economy. Experiences constitute the essence of the tourism industry. While the literature has recognized the link between sustainability and local food, how local food affects tourists’ perceived sustainability, service experience, satisfaction, and advocacy is little known. This paper contributes to filling this research gap by examining the relationship between local food and sustainability at Spanish destinations within the transformative service theoretical framework. We conducted a questionnaire on 1476 Spanish tourists to show that service experience, perceived sustainability, and local food, are fundamental to any tourist destination strategy. Data reveal that perceived sustainability is a determining factor of tourists’ service experience at the destination, and the perception of local food reinforces perceived sustainability. Moreover, tourists’ service experience significantly and positively affects satisfaction and, consequently, advocacy. The significance of safe experience as an additional dimension of the service experience is also shown. This paper contributes to the transformative service literature in the field of tourism by demonstrating the enhancing role of local food over visitors’ sustainable experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maui residents are reckoning with tourism in the aftermath of the 2023 fires. Drawing from historical sources and popular media reports, we argue that beyond the island's strained relationship with the tourism industry, residents are contending with the slow emergency of plantation disaster capitalism. We draw from Naomi Klein and Kapua'ala Sproat's (2023) concept of plantation disaster capitalism which identifies the plantation industry's domination of resources as the basis of tourism's untethered control of land and water on the island. These crisis-driven industries perpetuate dependence through ongoing cycles of accumulation by dispossession. The concept of 'slow emergencies' further accounts for how, while the Maui fires rapidly destroyed lives, over a century and a half of settler colonial, racial, and capitalist relationships had already restructured landscapes and livelihoods and set the stage for the 2023 disaster. In critically addressing calls for tourism's resurgence, this conceptual paper contributes to emerging scholarship on plantation disaster capitalism in tourism destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, Thailand became the first country in Asia to decriminalize the possession of cannabis. Despite the government's unwillingness to legalize recreational cannabis or promote cannabis tourism, a recreational cannabis industry fueled by tourism quickly emerged on a large scale in just a few months after decriminalization. Through the tourism worldmaking theory, the article seeks to show how cannabis tourism has taken shape in a semi-legal context following the decriminalization of cannabis in Thailand. Through a qualitative methodology combining document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and active participant observation, it is shown that following legislative changes, a recreational tourism industry has rapidly developed alongside the medical cannabis industry in which an array of cannabis products and services for tourists have emerged in the country's major tourist destinations, transforming the tourism landscape of these places. Cannabis tourism has grown rapidly despite legal restrictions and government rhetoric aimed at preventing recreational cannabis tourism. The article aims to show that after opening Pandora's box through the decriminalization of cannabis, cannabis tourism has developed on its own where many market-driven actors capitalized on this new economic opportunity following years of loss of income due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastronomic tourism is a developed research stream in tourism studies. Previous literature, however, has mainly shed light either on the micro-context of food itself or on meso-contexts such as heritage and regional food sourcing. Given this situation, previous research has called for examining this aspect of food tourism, aptly named the 'cultural turn' in food tourism. This paper adds to extant theoretical conversations by studying popular international gastronomic tourism videos. As the world becomes increasingly globalized and cultural products suffuse across borders, travellers, particularly those from the Global North, sample and judge local cuisine and this incurs reactions from onlookers. Watched by millions of people, vlogs provide a virtual immersive socio-cultural experience to a tourist site. In this regard, this article asks the following research question: how does the Global North-South divide manifest in vlogged gastronomic tours and what responses do such phenomena provoke among international audiences? Using the approaches of textual analysis, content analysis and sentiment analysis, this study explores the afore-mentioned research question using the canvas of nine gastronomic vlogging tours as played out on YouTube. The authors analyse the most popular food vlogs of all time and use a gamut of more than three hours of video (with more than 215 million views) and more than 128,000 comments. The results show how vlogs may provide authentic cultural experiences and how the Global North-South divide is ameliorated through vlogging gastronomic tours. The question is important not only helpful for guiding destination marketers and tourism service providers about the multifaceted aspects of a destination, but also for understanding how particular social phenomena can foster connections among different peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on LGBTQI + people has increased in recent years in several areas. In geography and sociology, they were interpreted as producers and modifiers of urban space. In tourism literature, efforts are concentrated on diversified consumption practices. Queer geography has noticed that LGBTQI + people have developed practices that have transformed former ghettos into notable gayborhoods in a process called gaytrification which has changed the way we enjoy cities. The literature review on gayborhoods proposes a possible end for these neighborhoods, as sexual identities gained greater acceptability. Research in queer geography reveals contributions to tourism studies, indicating that the intersections between sexuality and space contribute to the development of tourist destinations. This can be observed in an increase in tourist flow in a post-Covid-19 period, there has been an increase in tourist flow in the Reguliersdwarsstraat, the main street of leisure and entertainment aimed at the LGBTQI + people in Amsterdam. Representing a trend of reviving these neighborhoods as queer spaces after periods of lockdown. The corpus of analysis, consisting of 3955 photographs, shared between 2019 and 2022, provides answers to the following question: Can a tourism promotional strategy using social media delay the end of queer spaces and gayborhoods? The analysis states that visitors perform queerness practices that consolidate an urban queer tourist precinct, with a high tourist flow, mainly at night and in the summer months prevent its heterosexualization. Thus, it is possible to affirm that the tourist gaytrification of gay neighborhoods and streets preserves the historical and cultural legacy of LGBTQI + people, and that the construction of queers precincts diversifies the tourist offer of cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media platforms provide the public with a forum for interaction and communication with tourism destinations, playing a significant role in the shaping and dissemination of destination images. Similarly, social media plays a vital role in the construction and propagation of online images for higher education institutions. For instance, indicators such as likes, shares, and visits on Weibo can serve as measures of public engagement with university social media. To reveal the triggering rules of social media engagement by projected images of destinations and related factors, this paper builds a Bayesian model using data from posts and interactions on the official Sina Weibo account of a Chinese university from 2018 to 2023. This model simulates to infer the optimal decisions that trigger university social media engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of tandem repetitions in exon III of the DRD4 gene on the features of human decision‐making in a model of choosing tourist attractions by adult residents of China. The study included 380 subjects: 162 (42.6%) men and 218 (57.4%) women. The mean age of the subjects was 31.7 ± 3.32 years. As a result of the survey of subjects, 5 groups of motivations for choosing tourist attractions were identified, and the frequency of their use, including the identified combinations, was determined. Using the genotyping method, the frequency of DRD4 subtypes among the subjects was determined, and their relationship with the indicated attraction selection groups was studied. It has been established that there is a significant dependence of the frequency of choosing the attractors 'relaxation', 'desire for novelty' and 'self‐realization' and their combinations on the frequency of occurrence of the DRD4 2R, 4R and 5R+ subtypes in the study groups. A conclusion was made about the possible mechanism of the influence of manifestations of DRD4 subtypes on the choice of tourist attractors by implementing the neurophysiological influence of the genome on reducing the sensitivity of brain receptors to dopamine, which stimulates behaviours that compensate for the need for additional emotional influences. This work complements the existing knowledge about the impact of human innate properties on the characteristics of his behaviour and possible patterns of influence of human genotype variability on decision‐making and suggests further possible directions of research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mountain is the most traditional tourism destination in China. On the basis of analyzing the particularity and its spatial differentiation of human-environment relationship in mountain tourism destination, this paper conducts empirical analysis in Yulong Snow Mountain by land use type classification. Firstly, ENVI is used to preprocess the Landsat-8 images of the research area. Then the visual interpretation is performed by ArcGIS to classify land use types. Based on the above, the differentiation status of human-environment relationship is analyzed. It concluded that: (1) Under the influence of natural factors such as piedmont, climate, altitude, gradient, slope, geological environment, and geomorphic characteristics, the uneven spatial distribution of human-environment relationship in mountain tourism destination is greatly affected by vegetation, rainfall, heat distribution, wind direction, suitability for human activities, and especially the topography; (2) The Yulong Snow Mountain forms three distinct levels of spatial differentiation in human-environment relationships between the east and west slopes, between high, medium and low elevations, and between different gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is a country with many potential places that can be used as tourist destinations. The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) states that as of 2021 Indonesia has a total of 2,552 destinations in the tourism industry. The development of the tourism industry in Indonesia was hampered by the pandemic that had hit the country for approximately 2 years, which caused a narrow space for tourists to move. On the other hand, the use of digital technology has increased during the pandemic era. Artificial intelligence is one of the technologies that also developed during the pandemic. This technology allows for a program to think like a human and help facilitate daily activities and work. This design has the aim of creating an application display design that can implement artificial intelligence in a mobile application for the needs of the tourism industry. The method used in this design is the Design Thinking method popularized by Kelley and Brown from IDEO, consisting of the Emphatize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Testing stages. The result of this design is a design of a mobile application interface for the tourism industry, with the implementation of artificial intelligence and various features, and contains information about various tourist destinations, as well as designing its trials easily by users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The popular Spanish fiction series Money Heist has been seen in more than 190 countries and has won the International Emmy Award for Best Drama. In 41 episodes over five seasons, a group of thieves dressed in red overalls and concealing their faces behind Salvador Dalí masks break into the Royal Mint of Spain and the Bank of Spain with the intention of carrying out an ambitious heist at each location. There are almost no product placements of reallife tourist attractions in the narrative structure of the series. This article discusses whether certain symbolic constructs identified in Money Heist could act as tourism inducers in the same way as the placement of real-life locations, a practice explored extensively in recent research. This study finds a considerable increase in tourist numbers to the Royal Mint of Spain that coincided with a massive rise in searches on YouTube for identifying elements of the series and a significant correlation between those elements and Spanish tourist destinations on Instagram. It thus offers evidence of the presence of symbolic constructs that could serve as inducers of both domestic and international tourism to Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To answer a question, speakers must determine their response and formulate it in words. But do they decide on a response before formulation, or do they formulate different potential answers before selecting one? We addressed this issue in a verbal question-answering experiment. Participants answered questions more quickly when they had one potential answer (e.g., Which tourist attraction in Paris is very tall?) than when they had multiple potential answers (e.g., What is the name of a Shakespeare play?). Participants also answered more quickly when the set of potential answers were on average short rather than long, regardless of whether there was only one or multiple potential answers. Thus, participants were not affected by the linguistic complexity of unselected but plausible answers. These findings suggest that participants select a single answer before formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the perception of a "sense of place" among tourists visiting Hegra, an archaeological site in northern Saudi Arabia, through reviews on TripAdvisor. The 267 reviews on TripAdvisor between 2020 and 2023 were analyzed using the VADER sentiment polarity analysis tool and object modeling using the NMF machine learning algorithm. The results highlight positive factors linked to the history and uniqueness of the place while showing some critical issues related to isolation, cost, privatization, and competitiveness. The originality of the research lies in the type of case study chosen, an archaeological site of a country that has recently opened its doors to tourism, and in the pragmatic nature of the investigation, oriented towards the search for possible solutions to be adopted in terms of heritage management based on the feedback received for the development of the tourist destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist flows, crucial information within online travelogues, reveal the interactive relationships between different tourist destinations and serve as the nerve center and link of the tourism system. This study takes Hangzhou, China, as a case to investigate the spatial network structure of its tourist flows. Firstly, a BERT-BiLSTM-CRF model and pan-attraction database are built to extract tourist attractions from online travelogues and create the tourist flow matrix. Then, this study uses social network analysis (SNA) to examine the structure of the tourist flow network from a county-level perspective. Additionally, GIS spatial analysis methods are applied to analyze the evolution of the tourist gravity center and standard deviation ellipse (SDE) of the network. The results reveal that the identification performances of the tourist flow extraction model this study proposed are significantly better than those of previous mainstream models, with an F1 value of 0.8752. Furthermore, the tourist flow network in Hangzhou displays a relatively sparse and unbalanced distribution, forming a "Core–Semi-Periphery–Periphery" structure. Lastly, from 2020 to 2022, the network's gravity center experienced a shift towards the southwest, paralleled by an initial expansion and subsequent contraction of the SDE in the same southwest direction. These findings provide valuable insights into the spatial network structure of tourism in Hangzhou and can serve as a reference for policymakers to promote the "all-for-one" tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the factors that influence tourists' risk perceptions of various destinations with different attributes and sociocultural profiles. Factor analysis is utilised to investigate the determinants of risk perceptions, finding that they are influenced both by the type of risk (delinquency, health, accident, environment and catastrophe) and by the characteristics of the destination regarding the management of risk. Structural equations modelling is conducted to study the relationships between risk perceptions, destination image and visiting intentions across destinations. Multi-group analysis across different destinations proves that tourists' risk perceptions have different influences on destination image and visiting intentions. The results show that there are significant differences according to the predominant religion at the destinations, i.e., Muslin and Christian. The implication is that different dimensions of perceived risks and destination socio-culture contexts have different influences on the behaviour of tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-tourism has become a key component in the tourism industry and allows travelers to easily access information about destinations and services via the Internet, facilitating their travel planning process. Through e-tourism, travelers can research destinations, plan trips, book accommodations, purchase transportation tickets, and explore tourist attractions through online resources. Also, this area helps tourism businesses to effectively promote their services, communicate with clients and manage reservations. E-tourism represents the integration of information and communication technologies in the tourism sector. This concept encompasses the application of digital technologies such as the Internet, mobile applications, online reservation systems, web platforms and social media to improve aspects of travel and tourism. The legal foundation of educational procedures utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms in e-tourism holds significant importance because of the multitude of potential legal complexities and obstacles that could emerge. The Republic of Serbia, like many other countries, is working on improving its regulations in order to enable the development of e-tourism and at the same time ensure the protection of the interests and safety of travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate the structures of 935 conferences organised by OMICS and 296 conferences organised by WASET from 2015 through 2017. These conferences are characterised in existing literature as so-called predatory or questionable conferences that provide low-quality academic meetings. We analyse 40,224 presenters, focusing on top-ranked institutions according to three global university ranking systems (Academic Ranking of World Universities, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and QS World University Rankings). Our analysis shows that participants in OMICS events were primarily researchers from the United States, India, the United Kingdom, and China. WASET attracted more researchers from Turkey, India, and South Korea. We found that 11.0% of OMICS and 5.7% of WASET presenters were affiliated with institutions ranked in the top 100 in one of the three aforementioned rankings. We also found that both companies mostly organised conferences in cities that were top tourist destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post‐pandemic era, tourism has emerged as the most popular form of recreation in densely populated areas, driven by the pursuit of improved quality of life and the younger generation's growing enthusiasm for connecting with nature or history. Accurate measurement of the accessibility of tourist attractions has become crucial due to this trend. However, existing methods for measuring accessibility, such as the widely used two‐step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method, show limitations in multi‐modal transport networks as it overlooks multi‐modal travels and assumes uniform access for each transport mode within the catchment area. In this article, we present a novel multi‐modal network‐based two‐step floating catchment area (MMN‐2SFCA) method, which incorporates a super‐network to explicitly model the multi‐modal travels. The proposed method emphasizes the modeling of transfer behavior, resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate measurement of tourist attraction accessibility compared to the conventional 2SFCA method. The proposed method emphasizes the modeling of transfer behavior, travel mode choice, and travel demand estimation by multi‐source big data (including mobile phone signaling data, travel survey data, subway smart card data, and bike‐sharing data), resulting in a more comprehensive and accurate measurement of tourist attraction accessibility compared to the conventional 2SFCA method. The results of the case study in Suzhou (a famous tourism city in China) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MMN‐2SFCA method. The method can rectify the imbalance in accessibility distribution caused by considering only single‐modal trips, and avoid overestimation of accessibility by accounting for transfer behavior. This study contributes to advancing accessibility measurement for multi‐modal transport networks. Moreover, the MMN‐2SFCA method offers excellent extensibility, enabling authorities to optimize and coordinate multi‐modal transport networks for improving the accessibility of tourist attractions and other facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many tourism destinations are facing overtourism situations, where the increase in visitors negatively impacts on residents' life. Even if the perceptions of overtourism amongst residents have been analysed, the use of that perception by other key stakeholders remains largely unexplored. The discursive co-optation of the concept of overtourism amongst supply-side stakeholders, governmental and civil society stakeholders, provide a unique insight to discuss the use of power through tourism-related discourses and to face societal challenges in tourism destinations. Taking Majorca (Spain) as a case study, we carry out semi-structured interviews to government officials, tourism suppliers (e.g., hoteliers, cruise companies, intermediaries, holiday rentals), NGOs and researchers, to analyse how the perception of overtourism is used by those actors to promote their own agenda, often in opposition to the interests of other stakeholders. The article offers a dual contribution: on the one hand, it shows how the term "overtourism" is co-opted by supply-side stakeholders to justify their own interests and strengthen their agendas. On the other hand, we argue that the lack of consensus on how to address overtourism shows the limits of stakeholder theory to solve societal challenges, and the need of perspectives of social justice to build consensuses around the issue of overtourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floral colours represent a highly diverse communication signal mainly involved in flower visitors' attraction and guidance, but also flower discrimination, filtering non‐pollinators and discouraging floral antagonists. The divergent visual systems and colour preferences of flower visitors, as well as the necessity of cues for flower detection and discrimination, foster the diversity of floral colours and colour patterns. Despite the bewildering diversity of floral colour patterns, a recurrent component is a yellow UV‐absorbing floral centre, and it is still not clear why this pattern is so frequent in angiosperms. The pollen, anther, stamen, and androecium mimicry (PASAM) hypothesis suggests that the system composed of the flowers possessing such yellow UV‐absorbing floral reproductive structures, the flowers displaying central yellow UV‐absorbing structures as floral guides, and the pollen‐collecting, as well as pollen‐eating, flower visitors responding to such signals constitute the world's most speciose mimicry system. In this review, we call the attention of researchers to some hypothetical PASAM systems around the globe, presenting some fascinating examples that illustrate their huge diversity. We will also present new and published data on pollen‐eating and pollen‐collecting pollinators' responses to PASAM structures supporting the PASAM hypothesis and will discuss how widespread these systems are around the globe. Ultimately, our goal is to promote the idea that PASAM is a plausible first approach to understanding floral colour patterns in angiosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of unethical leadership on unethical pro-family behavior through the sequential mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and unethical pro-organizational behavior and the moderating role of moral awareness among hospitality industry employees. Data were collected from frontline employees of 5-star hotels in Iran's leading tourist destination cities. Testing hypotheses were conducted using models 6 and 8 of PROCESS Macro SPSS. The results indicated that unethical leadership contributed to unethical pro-family behavior through direct and sequential mediating effects of emotional exhaustion and unethical pro-organizational behavior. Empirical evidence also confirmed that moral awareness moderated the relationship between unethical leadership and unethical pro-organizational behavior. In contrast, its moderating effect on the relationship between unethical leadership and unethical pro-family behavior was insignificant. This study offers new insights into our understanding of unethical leadership and its consequences in the hospitality industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual symbols, such as logos, landmark pictures, and mascots, play a significant role in attracting tourists and improving destination images. However, only a few studies have examined how the basic visual elements of these symbols influence potential tourists' responses to a destination. This study aims to investigate the role of color lightness in destination visual symbols. Through three experiments, we repeatedly found that lightened visual symbols nudged consumers to evaluate their destination better. Furthermore, positive mental imagery mediated this effect. Nonetheless, the positive effect of lightened visual symbols on destination images was diminished when informational interventions were present. Our study provides new theoretical insights into destination images research by highlighting the positive effect of a fundamental visual attribute—symbol lightness. We suggest that tourism practitioners can make a "big difference" to the destination image by making "small changes," such as adjusting visual symbol lightness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]