76 results on '"TBX"'
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2. 基于气固两相反应流的温压炸药能量释放 规律数值模拟及实验验证.
- Author
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李 根, 卢芳云, 李翔宇, and 李志斌
- Abstract
Copyright of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants is the property of Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Experimental Performance Assessment of Layered Thermobaric Explosive in an Explosion Chamber.
- Author
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Xu, Qi Peng, Zhang, Yu Lei, Wang, Xin Jie, Su, Jian Jun, Liu, Yan, and Huang, Feng Lei
- Subjects
EXPLOSIONS ,HEAT flux ,FURAZANS ,SHOCK waves ,COMBUSTION - Abstract
Explosion experiments of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based layered thermobaric explosive (TBX) were carried out in an explosion chamber. The layered TBX was prepared by combination of both press and cast procedures, and the shock overpressure, quasi‐static pressure (QSP), heat flux, and oxygen concentration data were obtained. The results show that the corresponding parameters of TBX are significantly larger compared with TNT, which indicates obvious thermobaric effects of TBX. To correctly evaluate the performance of the layered TBX, the TNT equivalent model based on the overpressure and QSP of TBX was established, which could reflect the two stages of detonation and post combustion effects of the TBX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Identification of a deletion containing TBX4 in a neonate with acinar dysplasia by rapid exome sequencing.
- Author
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German, Kendell, Deutsch, Gail H., Freed, Amanda S., Dipple, Katrina M., Chabra, Shilpi, and Bennett, James T.
- Abstract
We describe a neonate with severe respiratory failure due to acinar dysplasia found by rapid exome sequencing (rES), to have a deletion containing the TBX4 gene. rES can affect patient management in the intensive care unit and should be considered in concert with lung biopsy in neonates with undifferentiated respiratory failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Representation Formats and Models for Lexicons
- Author
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Trippel, Thorsten, Witt, Andreas, editor, and Metzing, Dieter, editor
- Published
- 2010
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6. Modeling and numerical simulation of afterburning of thermobaric explosives in a closed chamber.
- Author
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Kim, Chang-Kee, Lai, Ming-Chia, Zhang, Zeng-Chan, Cook, Grant, and Im, Kyoung-Su
- Abstract
An Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation of the thermobaric explosion and the propagating detonation waves with aluminum particle combustion in a closed chamber is carried out and validated very favorably with the pressure histories measured experimentally. A novel numerical framework based on the space-time conservation-element and solution-element method (CE/SE) was employed to simulate the complex detonating flow with detailed chemistry. A discrete particle technique was adopted with either a mono-dispersed or poly-dispersed particle distribution. The results between the experiment and simulation on pressure histories and corresponding impulse forces are compared and showed good agreement. In addition, the effects of metal combustion on afterburning were discussed in detail in terms of the reaction mechanisms and particle dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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7. TBX en SDL MultiTerm
- Author
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Detlef Reineke
- Subjects
TBX ,ISO 30042 ,intercambio de datos terminológicos ,SDL MultiTerm ,Translating and interpreting ,P306-310 - Abstract
El intercambio de datos terminológicos entre aplicaciones de gestión terminológica se realiza mediante una serie de interfaces como, por ejemplo, TermBase eXchange (TBX = 30042). El presente artículo analiza el grado de conformidad de la recién lanzada versión SDL MultiTerm 2014 para con el estándar TBX, y propone mecanismos de conversión alternativos en casos de no conformidad.
- Published
- 2013
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- View/download PDF
8. TBX en SDL MultiTerm
- Subjects
TBX ,Terminological data exchange ,Intercambio de datos terminológicos ,Intercanvi de dades terminològiques ,ISO 30042 ,SDL MultiTerm - Published
- 2021
9. TBX en SDL MultiTerm
- Author
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Reineke, Detlef
- Subjects
TBX ,Terminological data exchange ,Intercambio de datos terminológicos ,Intercanvi de dades terminològiques ,ISO 30042 ,SDL MultiTerm - Abstract
El intercambio de datos terminológicos entre aplicaciones de gestión terminológica se realiza mediante una serie de interfaces como, por ejemplo, TermBase eXchange (TBX = 30042). El presente artículo analiza el grado de conformidad de la recién lanzada versión SDL MultiTerm 2014 para con el estándar TBX, y propone mecanismos de conversión alternativos en casos de no conformidad. L'intercanvi de dades terminològiques entre aplicacions de gestió terminològica es porta a terme mitjançant una sèrie de interfícies, com ara TermBase eXchange (TBX = 30042). El present article analitza el grau de conformitat de la recent versió SDL MultiTerm 2014 amb l'estàndard TBX, i proposa mecanismes de conversió alternatius en casos de no conformitat. Exchanging terminological data between tools can be achieved by using exchange formats like TermBase eXchange (TBX = ISO 30042). The present article examines if the recently launched version SDL MultiTerm 2014 is in compliance with TBX and proposes alternative conversion routines in case of non-compliance.
- Published
- 2021
10. Ontogeny of the enteric nervous system
- Author
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Boismoreau, Franck, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres, Jean-François Brunet, and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Souris ,Mice ,Ontogénie ,Tbx ,Ontogeny ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Enteric nervous system ,Development ,[SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Système nerveux entérique ,Développement - Abstract
The enteric nervous system, which is present in the wall of the digestive tract, and contains as many neurons as the spinal cord, controls the gut movement and the secretion of hormones allowing the digestion. Its development is a slow and complex process starting at mi-gestation and ending during the first week after birth. It is controlled by many parameters, among them guidance signals for the neuronal migration, but few is known about the genetics of the development of the multiple neuronal types present in it. During my thesis, I showed that the transcription factor Tbx3 is essential for the well development of the enteric nervous system because its absence leads to the death of the animals with a loss of half of the neurons, however the identification of a precise missing subtype is difficult with nowadays knowledge. I also showed that the inactivation of the transcription factors Hmx2 and Hmx3, despite their expression during the differentiation phases, do not lead to a massive loss of neurons in the enteric nor parasympathetic systems., Le système nerveux entérique qui occupe la paroi du tube digestif et contient autant de neurones que la moelle épinière, contrôle les mouvements de l’intestin et la sécrétion d’hormone permettant la digestion. Son développement est un processus lent et complexe commençant vers le milieu de la gestation et se terminant durant les premières semaines de vie. Il est contrôlé par de nombreux paramètres dont des signaux des guidages de la migration des neurones, mais peu d’éléments sont connus quant à la génétique du développement des nombreux types de neurones qui composent ce système. Durant ma thèse j’ai montré que le facteur de transcription Tbx3 est essentiel au bon développement du système nerveux entérique puisque son absence provoque la mort des animaux avec une perte d’environ la moitié des neurones, cependant l’identification d’un sous-type particulier manquant est difficile en l’état actuel des connaissances. J’ai aussi montré que l’inactivation de facteurs de transcription Hmx2 et Hmx3, malgré leur expression pendant les phases de différenciation, n’engendre pas de perte neuronale massive dans les systèmes entérique ni parasympathique.
- Published
- 2020
11. The T-box gene family: emerging roles in development, stem cells and cancer.
- Author
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Papaioannou, Virginia E.
- Subjects
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STEM cells , *EMBRYOLOGY , *PROGENITOR cells , *CANCER stem cells , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *DNA-binding proteins - Abstract
The T-box family of transcription factors exhibits widespread involvement throughout development in all metazoans. T-box proteins are characterized by a DNA-binding motif known as the T-domain that binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner. In humans, mutations in many of the genes within the T-box family result in developmental syndromes, and there is increasing evidence to support a role for these factors in certain cancers. In addition, although early studies focused on the role of T-box factors in early embryogenesis, recent studies in mice have uncovered additional roles in unsuspected places, for example in adult stem cell populations. Here, I provide an overview of the key features of T-box transcription factors and highlight their roles and mechanisms of action during various stages of development and in stem/progenitor cell populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Ontogénie du système nerveux entérique
- Author
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Boismoreau, Franck and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Souris ,Mice ,Ontogénie ,Tbx ,Ontogeny ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Enteric nervous system ,Development ,Système nerveux entérique ,Développement - Abstract
The enteric nervous system, which is present in the wall of the digestive tract, and contains as many neurons as the spinal cord, controls the gut movement and the secretion of hormones allowing the digestion. Its development is a slow and complex process starting at mi-gestation and ending during the first week after birth. It is controlled by many parameters, among them guidance signals for the neuronal migration, but few is known about the genetics of the development of the multiple neuronal types present in it. During my thesis, I showed that the transcription factor Tbx3 is essential for the well development of the enteric nervous system because its absence leads to the death of the animals with a loss of half of the neurons, however the identification of a precise missing subtype is difficult with nowadays knowledge. I also showed that the inactivation of the transcription factors Hmx2 and Hmx3, despite their expression during the differentiation phases, do not lead to a massive loss of neurons in the enteric nor parasympathetic systems., Le système nerveux entérique qui occupe la paroi du tube digestif et contient autant de neurones que la moelle épinière, contrôle les mouvements de l’intestin et la sécrétion d’hormone permettant la digestion. Son développement est un processus lent et complexe commençant vers le milieu de la gestation et se terminant durant les premières semaines de vie. Il est contrôlé par de nombreux paramètres dont des signaux des guidages de la migration des neurones, mais peu d’éléments sont connus quant à la génétique du développement des nombreux types de neurones qui composent ce système. Durant ma thèse j’ai montré que le facteur de transcription Tbx3 est essentiel au bon développement du système nerveux entérique puisque son absence provoque la mort des animaux avec une perte d’environ la moitié des neurones, cependant l’identification d’un sous-type particulier manquant est difficile en l’état actuel des connaissances. J’ai aussi montré que l’inactivation de facteurs de transcription Hmx2 et Hmx3, malgré leur expression pendant les phases de différenciation, n’engendre pas de perte neuronale massive dans les systèmes entérique ni parasympathique.
- Published
- 2020
13. Shared mechanisms of development of vertebrate body appendages
- Author
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Vintr, Jan, Soukup, Vladimír, and Krylov, Vladimír
- Subjects
Tbx ,končetiny ,AER ,ZPA ,claspers ,hemipenis ,vertebrates ,tail bud ,tuberculum genitale ,genital tubercle ,obratlovci ,Gnathostomes ,Gnathostomata ,ocas ,ploutve ,Fgf ,Shh ,paired appendages ,fins ,Hox - Abstract
Vertebrate body appendages include a number of structures such as limbs, paired and median fins, the tail bud, the cloacal region, barbels or pharyngeal arch derivatives. Despite differences in form and function, these appendages share a number of developmental genetic mechanisms. Development of these structures is chiefly regulated by Fgf, Shh, Wnt, Tgf-β and retinoic acid signalling pathways, activity of transcription factors such as Hox or Tbx along with cis-regulatory elements controlling the genes in which these factors are encoded. A recurring feature shared by some of the herein discussed anatomical structures is a transient epithelial ridge whose activity influences production and proliferation of the adjacent mesenchyme. Some are also instructed by a signalling centre, which confers asymmetry to the structure. In this text, the various appendages are compared on the basis of their development in relation to tetrapod limbs and theories evaluating the emergence of vertebrate paired appendages. The fin fold theory and archipterygial theory are discussed in the light of recent data provided by evolutionary developmental biology. All together, this thesis evaluates shared and derived characteristics of vertebrate body appendages with the aim to provide a basis for the upcoming work on the role...
- Published
- 2020
14. Vocabulario multilingüe de las causas y consecuencias del cambio climático
- Author
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Alcaide Carmona, Annabel, Ballester Miralles, Marta, Francés Aguado, María, García Pérez, Nuria, Llorca Ruano, Nerea, Medina González-Conde, Marina, Roldán García, Cristina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Alcaide Carmona, Annabel, Ballester Miralles, Marta, Francés Aguado, María, García Pérez, Nuria, Llorca Ruano, Nerea, Medina González-Conde, Marina, and Roldán García, Cristina
- Abstract
Glosario bilingüe que presenta 207 fichas terminológicas en las que aparecen en inglés y español: el término, su categoría gramatical, definición, contexto y fuente de estas dos últimas. El campo de especialidad de este estudio consta del cambio climático, pasando por las causas y consecuencias realizando registros terminológicos y de esa forma, indagando sobre la información que los términos ofrecen sobre el calentamiento global, efecto invernadero, deshielo, etc.
- Published
- 2019
15. Mechanisms of T-box gene function in the developing heart.
- Author
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Greulich, Franziska, Rudat, Carsten, and Kispert, Andreas
- Subjects
- *
HEART development , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *MORPHOGENESIS , *CELL differentiation , *CELL proliferation , *MESENCHYMAL stem cells , *GENE expression , *PROTEIN-protein interactions - Abstract
The multi-chambered mammalian heart arises from a simple tube by polar elongation, myocardial differentiation and morphogenesis. Members of the large family of T-box (Tbx) transcription factors have been identified as crucial players that act in distinct subprogrammes during cardiac regionalization. Tbx1 and Tbx18 ensure elongation of the cardiac tube at the anterior and posterior pole, respectively. Tbx1 acts in the pharyngeal mesoderm to maintain proliferation of mesenchymal precursor cells for formation of a myocardialized and septated outflow tract. Tbx18 is expressed in the sinus venosus region and is required for myocardialization of the caval veins and the sinoatrial node. Tbx5 and Tbx20 function in the early heart tube and independently activate the chamber myocardial gene programme, whereas Tbx2 and Tbx3 locally repress this programme to favour valvuloseptal and conduction system development. Here, we summarize that these T-box factors act in different molecular circuits and control target gene expression using diverse molecular strategies including binding to distinct protein interaction partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comparison of TEMPO® EC and TBX medium for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in cheese.
- Author
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Torlak, E., Akan, İ.M., and Gökmen, M.
- Subjects
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CHEESE , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *GLUCURONIDASE , *QUANTITATIVE research , *FOOD , *COMBINATORIAL enumeration problems , *STATISTICAL correlation , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Aims: TEMPO® EC ( Escherichia coli) is based on glucuronidase activity and is a test for use with the TEMPO system for the automated 24 h enumeration of E. coli in food products. In this study, TEMPO EC was compared with TBX medium, the current standard plate method for the enumeration of E. coli in cheese. Methods and Results: For comparative purposes, both naturally (92) and artificially contaminated (31) cheese samples were studied. Pearson correlation coefficients were determined as 0.954 and 0.978 between the two methods for naturally and artificially contaminated samples, respectively. Regression analysis yielded the following equations: log10 TEMPO EC = 0.340 + 0.889 log10 TBX medium and log10 TEMPO EC = 0.174 + 0.899 log10 TBX medium for naturally and artificially contaminated samples, respectively. In general, absolute differences did not exceed one log between results obtained by the two methods. Conclusions: Statistical analysis of the results showed good agreement between the two enumeration methods. Significance and Impact of the Study: TEMPO EC is a practical and reliable alternative to the current standard plate method for the enumeration of E. coli in foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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17. Cefixime–tellurite rhamnose MacConkey agar for isolation of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup O26 from Scottish cattle and sheep faeces.
- Author
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Evans, J., Knight, H. I., Smith, A. W., Pearce, M. C., Hall, M., Foster, G., Low, J. C., and Gunn, G. J.
- Subjects
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ESCHERICHIA coli , *ANTI-infective agents , *MEDICAL microbiology , *FERMENTATION , *TELLURITES , *DNA - Abstract
Aims: To compare rhamnose MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and tellurite (CT-RMac) and tryptone bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agars as isolation media for Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) serogroup O26 from animal faeces. Methods and Results: Nine VTEC O26 were isolated from sheep faeces; out of which six were isolated only on CT-RMac and one was isolated only on TBX. One hundred and twelve VTEC O26 were isolated from calf faeces; out of which 97% were from CT-RMac and 52% were from TBX. In a study of E. coli O26 strains, 84% of VT-positive O26 did not ferment rhamnose when compared with 16% of VT-negative O26. VT-positive (19%) and VT-negative (39%) E. coli O26 strains did not grow on CT-RMac agar. Conclusions: It is important to consider that VTEC O26 strains either may ferment rhamnose or may be sensitive to the CT supplement of CT-RMac agar. Significance and Impact of the Study: This work compares CT-RMac and TBX agars as isolation medium for VTEC O26 from Scottish animal faeces and highlights that VTEC O26 may be missed if only CT-RMac agar is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Cardiovascular development: towards biomedical applicability.
- Author
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Hoogaars, W. M. H., Barnett, P., Moorman, A. F. M., and Christoffels, V. M.
- Subjects
- *
HEART cells , *BIOMEDICAL materials , *HEART conduction system , *HEART valves , *HEART septum , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *MORPHOGENESIS - Abstract
The heart of higher vertebrates is a structurally complicated multi-chambered pump that contracts synchronously. For its proper function a number of distinct integrated components have to be generated, including force-generating compartments, unidirectional valves, septa and a system in charge of the initiation and coordinated propagation of the depolarizing impulse over the heart. Not surprisingly, a large number of regulating factors are involved in these processes that act in complex and intertwined pathways to regulate the activity of target genes responsible for morphogenesis and function. The finding that mutations in T-box transcription factor-encoding genes in humans lead to congenital heart defects has focused attention on the importance of this family of regulators in heart development. Functional and genetic analyses in a variety of divergent species has demonstrated the critical roles of multiple T-box factor gene family members, including Tbx11, − 2, − 3, − 5, − 18 and − 20, in the patterning, recruitment, specification, differentiation and growth processes underlying formation and integration of the heart components. Insight into the roles of T-box factors in these processes will enhance our understanding of heart formation and the underlying molecular regulatory pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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19. Induction and specification of cranial placodes
- Author
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Schlosser, Gerhard
- Subjects
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CELL differentiation , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *EMBRYOLOGY , *NERVOUS system - Abstract
Abstract: Cranial placodes are specialized regions of the ectoderm, which give rise to various sensory ganglia and contribute to the pituitary gland and sensory organs of the vertebrate head. They include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, and profundal placodes, a series of epibranchial placodes, an otic placode, and a series of lateral line placodes. After a long period of neglect, recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in placode induction and specification. There is increasing evidence that all placodes despite their different developmental fates originate from a common panplacodal primordium around the neural plate. This common primordium is defined by the expression of transcription factors of the Six1/2, Six4/5, and Eya families, which later continue to be expressed in all placodes and appear to promote generic placodal properties such as proliferation, the capacity for morphogenetic movements, and neuronal differentiation. A large number of other transcription factors are expressed in subdomains of the panplacodal primordium and appear to contribute to the specification of particular subsets of placodes. This review first provides a brief overview of different cranial placodes and then synthesizes evidence for the common origin of all placodes from a panplacodal primordium. The role of various transcription factors for the development of the different placodes is addressed next, and it is discussed how individual placodes may be specified and compartmentalized within the panplacodal primordium. Finally, tissues and signals involved in placode induction are summarized with a special focus on induction of the panplacodal primordium itself (generic placode induction) and its relation to neural induction and neural crest induction. Integrating current data, new models of generic placode induction and of combinatorial placode specification are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A simple and cost-effective method for the quantification of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in potable water
- Author
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Yáñez, M.A., Valor, C., and Catalán, V.
- Subjects
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ESCHERICHIA coli , *DRINKING water , *LACTOSE , *STATISTICS - Abstract
Abstract: In this study, a new simple and cost-effective method for the study of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in potable water, combining the use of lactose TTC agar and TBX agar, was developed and compared with methods using Chromocult agar and coli ID. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference and a good correlation (R 2) between the three methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Evaluation of the MicroFoss system for the analysis of Escherichia coli in water
- Author
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Mellado, V., Yáñez, M.A., and Catalán, V.
- Subjects
- *
ESCHERICHIA coli , *AGAR , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *ESCHERICHIA - Abstract
Summary: In this study, the performance of the MicroFoss system (Foss, Spain) for the enumeration of Escherichia coli in water samples was evaluated. One hundred and eighty-five samples were analysed both by MicroFoss assay and culture isolation on Tryptone-Bile X-glucuronide agar (TBX), and the correlation coefficient obtained was 0.92. The analysis of 28 new samples using both methods showed a statistically significant relationship at the 99.5% confidence level between log colony forming units obtained by MicroFoss assay and those obtained using growth on TBX agar. Nevertheless, when the level of sample contamination was low, the variability was high. In conclusion, the MicroFoss system is a rapid and simple alternative method for the enumeration of E. coli in water although discordance between the results using these methods in samples with low counts could limit its use for the study of clean water such as potable water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. T-Box Genes in Vertebrate Development.
- Author
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Naiche, L. A., Harrelson, Zachary, Kelly, Robert G., and Papaioannou, Virginia E.
- Subjects
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TRANSCRIPTION factors , *PROTEINS , *GENETIC transcription , *EMBRYONIC stem cells , *GENETIC mutation - Abstract
The myriad developmental roles served by the T-box family of transcription factor genes defy easy categorization. Present in all metazoans, the T-box genes are involved in early embryonic cell fate decisions, regulation of the development of extraembryonic structures, embryonic patterning, and many aspects of organogenesis. They are unusual in displaying dosage sensitivity in most instances. In humans, mutations in T-box genes are responsible for developmental dysmorphic syndromes, and several T-box genes have been implicated in neoplastic processes. T-box transcription factors function in many different signaling pathways, notably bone morphogenetic protein and fibroblast growth factor pathways. The few downstream target genes that have been identified indicate a wide range of downstream effectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates Gli3 processing, mesenchymal proliferation, and differentiation during mouse lung organogenesis
- Author
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Li, Yina, Zhang, Huimin, Choi, Seung Cheol, Litingtung, Ying, and Chiang, Chin
- Subjects
- *
CELL proliferation , *MORPHOGENESIS , *GENES , *LUNGS - Abstract
Lack of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, mediated by the Gli proteins, leads to severe pulmonary hypoplasia. However, the precise role of Gli genes in lung development is not well established. We show Shh signaling prevents Gli3 proteolysis to generate its repressor forms (Gli3R) in the developing murine lung. In Shh-/- or cyclopamine-treated wild-type (WT) lung, we found that Gli3R level is elevated, and this upregulation appears to contribute to defects in proliferation and differentiation observed in the Shh-/- mesenchyme, where Gli3 is normally expressed. In agreement, we found Shh-/-;Gli3-/- lungs exhibit enhanced growth potential. Vasculogenesis is also enhanced; in contrast, bronchial myogenesis remains absent in Shh-/-;Gli3-/- compared with Shh-/- lungs. Genes upregulated in Shh-/-;Gli3-/- relative to Shh-/- lung include Wnt2 and, surprisingly, Foxf1 whose expression has been reported to be Shh-dependent. Cyclins D1, D2, and D3 antibody labelings also reveal distinct expression patterns in the normal and mutant lungs. We found significant repression of Tbx2 and Tbx3, both linked to inhibition of cellular senescence, in Shh-/- and partial derepression in Shh-/-; Gli3-/- lungs, while Tbx4 and Tbx5 expressions are less affected in the mutants. Our findings shed light on the role of Shh signaling on Gli3 processing in lung growth and differentiation by regulating several critical genes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The T-box gene Tbx10 exhibits a uniquely restricted expression pattern during mouse embryogenesis
- Author
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Bush, Jeffrey O., Maltby, Kathleen M., Cho, Eui-Sic, and Jiang, Rulang
- Subjects
- *
GENES , *NUCLEOTIDE sequence , *CHROMOSOMES , *ANTISENSE DNA , *POLYMERASE chain reaction - Abstract
The human TBX10 gene was previously identified from a genomic DNA sequence containing a partial open reading frame and was mapped to Chromosome 11q13, a chromosomal region associated with multiple inherited developmental disorders. Since mutations in several T-box family genes have been found to underlie distinct inherited developmental disorders, it has been speculated that TBX10 may be a candidate for one of the disease loci at Chromosome 11q13. To investigate the role of TBX10 in development and pathogenesis, we have isolated a full-length human TBX10 cDNA and cloned the mouse ortholog, Tbx10. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction products revealed that the previously predicted TBX10 open reading frame (GenBank accession number AH006177) was incorrect. We have characterized the developmental expression patterns of Tbx10 during mouse embryogenesis by using in situ hybridization analyses. Our results show that Tbx10 mRNA expression is highly restricted and exhibits a unique spatio-temporal pattern during hindbrain development. These data will facilitate investigation of the role of TBX10 in development and disease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Cloning and expression analysis of the chick ortholog of TBX22, the gene mutated in X-linked cleft palate and ankyloglossia
- Author
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Haenig, Bénédicte, Schmidt, Corina, Kraus, Florian, Pfordt, Markus, and Kispert, Andreas
- Subjects
- *
SOMITE , *MANDIBLE , *MAXILLA , *TRANSCRIPTION factors - Abstract
T-box genes constitute a conserved gene family with important roles in many developmental processes. Several family members have been implicated in human congenital diseases. Recently, mutations in TBX22 were found to cause X-linked cleft palate (CPX and ankyloglossia), a semidominant X-linked disorder affecting formation of the secondary palate. Here, we have cloned the chick ortholog of human TBX22 and have analyzed its expression during embryogenesis. Expression is very prominent in the somites and in the myotome, and in the mandible and maxilla of the developing jaw. Other sites of expression include the limbs, the cranial mesenchyme and the eye. Hence, Tbx22 expression domains encompass the regions important for the development of the disease phenotype. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Bridging the gap between SKOS and TBX
- Author
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Reineke, Detlef, Romary, Laurent, Romary, Laurent, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Automatic Language Modelling and ANAlysis & Computational Humanities (ALMAnaCH), Inria de Paris, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
- Subjects
onomasiological models ,[INFO.INFO-CL] Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] ,TBX ,terminology ,[INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL] ,data exchange ,[INFO.INFO-DL] Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL] ,SKOS ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] - Abstract
International audience; This article provides an in-depth comparison and proposal for mapping between Simple KnowledgeOrganization System (SKOS) and TermBase eXchange (TBX), two important exchangestandards within the knowledge and terminology landscape. The attempt to develop an interfaceor conversion routine between SKOS and TBX is rooted in a strong demand in the language andknowledge industries for resource leverage and based on the premise that the two formalisms aregoverned by similar data models, namely the description of concepts (rather than words).
- Published
- 2019
27. A Genome-wide Survey of Genes Encoding Transcription Factors in Japanese Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata: II. Tbx, Fox, Ets, HMG, NFκB, bZIP, and C2H2 Zinc Fingers.
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Hiroyuki Koga, Naoki Hashimoto, Daichi G. Suzuki, Hiroki Ono, Miho Yoshimura, Tatsumi Suguro, Yoshinari Yonehara, Takaaki Abe, Nori Satoh, and Hiroshi Wada
- Abstract
To gain a better understanding of molluscan development and its relation to the evolution of their unique body plan, we performed a genomic survey of genes encoding transcription factors, such as Tbx, Fox, Ets, HMG, NFκB, bZIP, and C2H2 zinc finger proteins in the Japanese pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata. We annotated 133 transcription factor genes. Together with the orthologs of known deuterostome genes, we found several orphan genes in each class of transcription factor. Some possessed clear orthologs in other species of lophotrochozoans, while no counterpart genes were found in the deuterostomes or ecdysozoans. These observations suggest that a number of transcription factor genes are unique to lophotrochozoans, and thus additional research frontiers remain to be explored with regard to such transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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28. Mga, a dual-specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T-domain DNA-binding motif.
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Hurlin, Peter J., Steingrìmsson, Eirìkur, Copeland, Neal G., Jenkins, Nancy A., and Eisenman, Robert N.
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- *
LEUCINE zippers , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *DNA-binding proteins , *BINDING sites , *MESODERM , *PROTEIN-protein interactions - Abstract
The basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLHZip) proteins Myc, Mad and Mnt are part of a transcription activation/repression system involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. The function of these proteins as transcription factors is mediated by heterodimerization with the small bHLHZip protein Max, which is required for their specific DNA binding to E-box sequences. We have identified a novel Max-interacting protein, Mga, which contains a Myc-like bHLHZip motif, but otherwise shows no relationship with Myc or other Max-interacting proteins. Like Myc, Mad and Mnt proteins, Mga requires heterodimerization with Max for binding to the preferred Myc—Max-binding site CACGTG. In addition to the bHLHZip domain, Mga contains a second DNA-binding domain: the T-box or T-domain. The T-domain is a highly conserved DNA-binding motif originally defined in Brachyury and characteristic of the Tbx family of transcription factors. Mga binds the preferred Brachyury-binding sequence and represses transcription of reporter genes containing promoter-proximal Brachyury-binding sites. Surprisingly, Mga is converted to a transcription activator of both Myc—Max and Brachyury site-containing reporters in a Max-dependent manner. Our results suggest that Mga functions as a dual-specificity transcription factor that regulates the expression of both Max-network and T-box family target genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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29. Fibroblast-growth-factor-induced additional limbs in the study of initiation of limb formation, limb identity, myogenesis, and innervation.
- Author
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Ohuchi, Hideyo and Noji, S.
- Abstract
In this review, we focus on the additional limb induced by members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family in the flank of chick embryos. The ”additional limb” was first reported 73 years ago by Balinsky in 1925. He grafted otic vesicle to the flank of newt embryos and observed the formation of the ”additional limb.” In 1995, formation of an additional limb was found to be induced by FGF in the chick embryo. This finding subsequently led to the recent understanding of how the limb bud is initially formed, how the limb position is determined, and how the limb identity is determined. Thus, the additional limb has been recognized as a useful experimental system for the study of limb development and its relation to the regionalization of the body. Furthermore, since limb muscles are formed from cells which have migrated from somites and innervation to them takes place from the spinal cord, the additional limb would also be a powerful tool with which to study the relation of limb morphogenesis to developmental processes of the spinal cord and somites. This review consists of five sections: (1) ”Introduction,” (2) ”How to make additional limbs,” (3) ”Characteristics of the additional limb,” (4) ”Studies with the additional limb,” and (5) ”Concluding remarks.” In the second section, techniques to make additional limbs are reviewed, showing that additional limbs can be made by fairly easy manipulation of the chick embryo. In the third section, the characteristics analyzed so far of the additional limb are summarized, focusing on its morphology. In the fourth section, recent studies on the use of the additional limb are reviewed: experiments on the additional limb have been performed to elucidate the mechanisms governing determination of limb identity by Hox codes and the Tbx family and initiation of limb formation by FGF10. In addition, the roles of SF/HGF in the formation of limb muscles have also been investigated using the additional limb. In the near future, the additional limb will be also used in the study of innervation from the spinal cord, and probably migration of neural crest cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1999
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30. Anti-asthma effect of an antiviral drug, acyclovir: a clinical case and experimental study.
- Author
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Okada, H., Ohnishi, T., Hirashima, M., Fujita, J., Yamaji, Y., Takahara, J., and Todani, T.
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- *
ACYCLOVIR , *ANTIVIRAL agents , *DNA polymerases , *HERPESVIRUS diseases , *EOSINOPHILIA , *ASTHMATICS - Abstract
Background Although acyclovir (9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine) is an antiviral drug that inhibits DNA polymerase of herpes virus, we have had the experience of an asthmatic patient's peak flow rate being improved by oral administration of acyclovir. Objective The aim of this experiment is whether acyclovir has anti-asthma effects using an asthma model in guinea-pigs. Methods The airway response was induced by a single inhalation of calcium ionophore A23187 (2mg/mL). The airway obstruction was estimated by the ratio of expiration to inspiration time (E/I). The peribronchial eosinophil infiltration and eosinophil influx into bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid 7 h after the inhalation were also examined. To assess the effects of acyclovir (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg). aminophylline (20 mg/kg) and pemirolast potassium (TBX, 20mg/kg) on A23187-induced asthmatic response, the drugs were intraperitoneally administered before the inhalation. Results The immediate airway obstruction was significantly suppressed by acyclovir (10 mg/kg) and aminophylline, whereas different doses of acyclovir (1 and l00 mg/kg) and TBX showed only a small inhibitory effect on the airway obstruction. On the other hand, the peribronchial eosinophilia was most successfully inhibited by TBX. Acyclovir (10 mg/kg) and aminophylline also suppressed the eosinophilia significantly. Furthermore, acyclovir significantly suppressed eosinophil influx into BAL fluid, whereas aminophylline and TBX weakly suppressed the influx. Conclusion These results suggest that acyclovir exhibits not only antiviral but also anti-asthma activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1997
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31. Diccionario bilingüe (EN-ES) del proceso de elaboración del whisky español-inglés con equivalentes en catalán
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Miró Jiménez, Irene, Beneito Satorres, Sara, Gandia Silvestre, Sergio, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Miró Jiménez, Irene, Beneito Satorres, Sara, and Gandia Silvestre, Sergio
- Abstract
Recopilación terminológica bilingüe inglés-español con equivalencias al catalán sobre el proceso de elaboración del whisky.
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- 2016
32. Vocabulario bilingüe de Masonería
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Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Escribano Meseguer, Lucía, González Hermosilla, Begoña, Muñoz Castelló, María, Pastor Durán, Míriam, Pérez Hurtado, Manuel, Rosillo Beneyto, Laura, Talaya Armero, Cristina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Filología Inglesa, Escribano Meseguer, Lucía, González Hermosilla, Begoña, Muñoz Castelló, María, Pastor Durán, Míriam, Pérez Hurtado, Manuel, Rosillo Beneyto, Laura, and Talaya Armero, Cristina
- Abstract
Trabajo sistemático de terminología sobre la masonería.
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- 2016
33. Editorial
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Rico Pérez, Celia and Stoeller, Willem
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2012 [ISO 21500] ,Integració d'eines TAO ,Integration of cat tools ,XLIFF ,Calidad y productividad en traducción ,Requisits de traducció ,Cost reduction ,Qualitat i productivitat en traducció ,Intercambio de datos ,Estándares de traducción ,Processos de traducció ,Standards in translation ,Reducción de costes ,Translation requirements ,TBX ,Requisitos de traducción ,Data exchange ,ISO/TS 11669 ,Intercanvi de dades ,Reducció de costos ,Translation processes ,TMX ,Estàndards de traducció ,Translation quality and productivity ,Procesos de traducción ,ASTM F2575 ,Integración de herramientas TAO - Abstract
Standards provide harmonization insofar as they are agreed means of doing something. They define requirements for offering a service, specifications for data exchange, compatibility conditions, security measures, or process qualifications. Standards deal, then, with numerous activities where organizations and customers are involved. The translation and localization industry is also guided by standards, set by experts representing sellers, buyers, customers, associations, users or regulators. This special issue of Tradumàtica, co-edited by Willem Stoeller and Celia Rico, gathers contributions from some of these experts, addressing standards in translation and localization both from an academic perspective and the industry point of view. Els estàndards proporcionen harmonització en tant que mitjans consensuats per fer alguna cosa. Defineixen els aspectes que s'han de complir per oferir un servei, com les especificacions per a l'intercanvi de dades, les condicions de compatibilitat, les mesures de seguretat o la capacitació professional necessària per executar un procés. Per això, els estàndards estan relacionats amb nombroses actividadas que afecten tant a organitzacions com a clients. La indústria de la traducció i la localització també està guiada per estàndards fixats per experts que representen els agents venedors de traducció, els compradors, els clients, les associacions, els usuaris i els reguladors. Aquest número especial de Tradumàtica, coeditat per Willen Stoeller i Celia Rico, inclou contribucions d'alguns d'aquests experts i proposa un acostament als estàndards de traducció i de localització tant des de la perspectiva acadèmica com des del punt de vista de la indústria. Los estándares proporcionan harmonización en tanto que medios consensuados para hacer algo. Definen los aspectos que deben cumplirse para ofrecer un servicio, como las especificaciones para el intercambio de datos, las condiciones de compatibilidad, las medidas de seguridad o la capacitación profesional necesaria para ejecutar un proceso. Por eso, los estándares están relacionados con numerosas actividadas que afectan tanto a organizaciones como a clientes. La industria de la traducción y la localización también está guiada por estándares fijados por expertos que representan a los agentes vendedores de traducción, los compradores, los clientes, las asociaciones, los usuarios y los reguladores. Este número especial de Tradumática, coeditado por Willen Stoeller y Celia Rico, incluye contribuciones de algunos de esos expertos y propone un acercamiento a los estándares de traducción y de localización tanto desde la perspectiva académica como desde el punto de vista de la industria.
- Published
- 2015
34. Ustroj terminološke baze za pravno nazivlje europske unije
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Lončar, Maja
- Subjects
Europska unija ,pravno nazivlje ,TBX ,terminologija ,terminološka baza - Abstract
Zajednički jezik nužna je pretpostavka za učinkovitu komunikaciju. Leksičkom sastavnicom jezika struke tj. nazivljem pojedinoga predmetnoga područja bavi se terminologija. Terminologija ima ključnu ulogu u osiguranju pravne sigurnosti. Nedvojbeno je da su terminološke baze mjesta na kojima se najbolje može opisati pravno nazivlje. Trenutačno postoje dvije terminološke baze u kojima je dostupno pravno nazivlje Europske unije na hrvatskome jeziku: IATE (višejezična terminološka baza Europske unije) i Struna (terminološke baze hrvatskoga strukovnog nazivlja). Međutim, podaci koji su nužni za opis pravnih pojmova često se nalaze u općim poljima za unos podataka i ostaju nestrukturirani. Pravni pojmovi imaju specifičan životni ciklus i za njihov su opis potrebne specifične kategorije podataka i posebne vrste odnosa među pojmovima. Promišljanjem prvo nastaju pojmovi, a tek nakon toga mogu, ali i ne moraju nastajati predmeti (pri čemu za neke pravne pojmove uopće ne postoje predmeti) i po tome je odnos između predmeta i pojma u području prava poseban. Iako tradicionalna terminološka teorija često zanemaruje dijakroniju i pokušava pojmovima pristupiti sinkronijski, za pravne pojmove nužno je uzeti u obzir i dijakronijsku dimenziju. Tu dimenziju potrebno je formalizirati ne samo specifičnim kategorijama za pojedini pojam, nego i za odnos među pojmovima. Na temelju analize pojmova prava Europske unije unesenih u Strunu opisane su posebnosti toga nazivlja i razvrstane s obzirom na to odnose li se na naziv, pojam ili odnose među pojmovima. Cilj je istraživanja bio objasniti prirodu pravnih pojmova i osmisliti model terminološke baze u formatu TBX u kojemu će se na adekvatan način moći obrađivati pravno nazivlje Europske unije.
- Published
- 2015
35. Sonic hedgehog signaling regulates Gli3 processing, mesenchymal proliferation, and differentiation during mouse lung organogenesis
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Huimin Zhang, Chin Chiang, Seung Cheol Choi, Yina Li, and Ying Litingtung
- Subjects
Proliferation ,Wnt2 Protein ,Mesoderm ,Mice ,WNT2 ,Sonic hedgehog ,Lung ,Regulation of gene expression ,Mice, Knockout ,biology ,Myogenesis ,Tbx ,Veratrum Alkaloids ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Cell Differentiation ,Forkhead Transcription Factors ,respiratory system ,Hedgehog signaling pathway ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Differentiation ,embryonic structures ,Lung hypoplasia ,Signal Transduction ,animal structures ,Mesenchyme ,Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ,Repressor ,Neovascularization, Physiologic ,Gestational Age ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ,Zinc Finger Protein Gli3 ,Culture Techniques ,Cyclins ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,GLI3 ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Molecular Biology ,Gli3 repressor ,Epithelial Cells ,Cell Biology ,Zebrafish Proteins ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Foxf1 ,Wnt Proteins ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Trans-Activators ,Transcription Factors ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Lack of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, mediated by the Gli proteins, leads to severe pulmonary hypoplasia. However, the precise role of Gli genes in lung development is not well established. We show Shh signaling prevents Gli3 proteolysis to generate its repressor forms (Gli3R) in the developing murine lung. In Shh(-/-) or cyclopamine-treated wild-type (WT) lung, we found that Gli3R level is elevated, and this upregulation appears to contribute to defects in proliferation and differentiation observed in the Shh(-/-) mesenchyme, where Gli3 is normally expressed. In agreement, we found Shh(-/-);Gli3(-/-) lungs exhibit enhanced growth potential. Vasculogenesis is also enhanced; in contrast, bronchial myogenesis remains absent in Shh(-/-);Gli3(-/-) compared with Shh(-/-) lungs. Genes upregulated in Shh(-/-);Gli3(-/-) relative to Shh(-/-) lung include Wnt2 and, surprisingly, Foxf1 whose expression has been reported to be Shh-dependent. Cyclins D1, D2, and D3 antibody labelings also reveal distinct expression patterns in the normal and mutant lungs. We found significant repression of Tbx2 and Tbx3, both linked to inhibition of cellular senescence, in Shh(-/-) and partial derepression in Shh(-/-); Gli3(-/-) lungs, while Tbx4 and Tbx5 expressions are less affected in the mutants. Our findings shed light on the role of Shh signaling on Gli3 processing in lung growth and differentiation by regulating several critical genes.
- Published
- 2004
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36. Osasun-termino baliokideen hiztegia
- Author
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Bikandi Laka, Eneko, Oronoz Anchordoqui, Maite, Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Hizkuntza eta Sistema Informatikoak, Grado en Ingeniería Informática, Informatikaren Ingeniaritzako Gradua, F. INFORMATICA, and INFORMATIKA F.
- Subjects
TBX ,sinonimoak ,SNOMED CT ,multzokaketak - Abstract
Gure proiektua, medikuntzako kontzeptuak biltzen dituen ontologia eleanitz batetik datu-base bat eraikitzea eta hau ahalik eta azkarren kontsultatzea edota maneiatzea ahalbidetzen duen aplikazio bat inplementatzea da, hiztegi on-line gisa garatua. Horrez gain, IXA taldeak euskararekiko duen konpro- misua izanik, hiztegi hori euskaratu eta aplikazioan integratuko da.
- Published
- 2013
37. TBX in SDL MultiTerm
- Author
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Reineke, Detlef
- Subjects
TBX ,ISO 30042 ,intercanvi de dades terminològiques ,SDL MultiTerm ,terminological data exchange ,TBX, ISO 30042, intercambio de datos terminológicos, SDL MultiTerm - Abstract
L'intercanvi de dades terminològiques entre aplicacions de gestió terminològica es porta a terme mitjançant una sèrie de interfícies, com ara TermBase eXchange (TBX = 30042). El present article analitza el grau de conformitat de la recent versió SDL MultiTerm 2014 amb l’estàndard TBX, i proposa mecanismes de conversió alternatius en casos de no conformitat., Exchanging terminological data between tools can be achieved by using exchange formats like TermBase eXchange (TBX = ISO 30042). The present article examines if the recently launched version SDL MultiTerm 2014 is in compliance with TBX and proposes alternative conversion routines in case of non-compliance., El intercambio de datos terminológicos entre aplicaciones de gestión terminológica se realiza mediante una serie de interfaces como, por ejemplo, TermBase eXchange (TBX = 30042). El presente artículo analiza el grado de conformidad de la recién lanzada versión SDL MultiTerm 2014 para con el estándar TBX, y propone mecanismos de conversión alternativos en casos de no conformidad.
- Published
- 2013
38. Hematúria enzoótica bovina : contribuição para o seu estudo etiopatogénico
- Author
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Pinto, Carlos Augusto and Peleteiro, Maria da Conceição da Cunha e Vasconcelos
- Subjects
Bovino ,Estudo etiopatogénico ,Portugal ,Tbx ,Hematúria enzoótica ,HEB ,Enzootic haematuria ,Bovine ,Pteridium aquilinum ,Açores ,Etiopathology - Abstract
Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Veterinárias A hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) é uma doença de evolução crónica caracterizada por episódios intermitentes de hematúria, relacionados com o desenvolvimento de lesões inflamatórias e neoplásicas na superfície interna da bexiga, em bovinos com mais de 2 anos de idade. Os tumores de bexiga (Tbx) são a principal manifestação lesional da HEB. No presente trabalho provou-se a associação entre a ingestão do feto comum (Pteridium aquilinum) e a HEB, identificaram-se as áreas da ilha de São Miguel mais afectadas pela HEB/Tbx, bem como, as práticas de maneio alimentar favorecedoras da ocorrência desta patologia nos bovinos. Foram doseados níveis elevados (média = 2 533 μg.g-1) de ptaquilósido (Pta) em 50 amostras de rebentos e frondes de feto comum colhidas nas pastagens micaelenses. O Pta é um glucósido norsesquiterpenóide com propriedades mutagénicas, clastogénicas e cancerígenas. É considerado o principal composto tóxico do feto comum. Na monitorização dos Tbx realizada no Matadouro Industrial de São Miguel (MISM), no período compreendido entre Jan/00 a Dez/09, constatou-se que o grupo de bovinos mais atingido pela HEB/Tbx foi o das vacas paridas com mais de dois anos de idade. Foram reprovadas para consumo 14,4% (16 986) das carcaças (117 755) desta faixa etária. Nos bovinos machos com mais de 2 anos a taxa de reprovações por Tbx foi de 0,65% (77/11 782), enquanto que nos bovinos até aos dois anos de idade foi de apenas 0,16% (69/42 723) Justifica-se a maior incidência de Tbx no grupo das vacas pela maior exposição desta população às toxinas do feto comum. As condições climatéricas e a orografia da ISM, associadas a práticas de maneio alimentar e de gestão das pastagens menos apropriadas favorecem e/ou promovem a ocorrência de patologia relacionada com a ingestão das toxinas do feto comum, designadamente surtos de IAF e HEB. Registaram-se diferenças significativas nos parâmetros hematológicos estudados entre novilhas oriundas de explorações com e sem problemas de HEB/Tbx. O deficiente maneio alimentar e a maior exposição às toxinas do feto comum nas explorações com problemas de IAF e/ou HEB justificaram as diferenças observadas. VI Foi realizado um rastreio de OE em 481 bovinos provenientes de 70 explorações de cinco ilhas do arquipélago, o qual revelou a existência de carências generalizadas de iodo, selénio, cobalto, cobre e zinco. O défice em OE foi mais acentuado nas novilhas de reposição, devido à ausência de suplementação com alimentos concentrados ou minerais na generalidade das explorações, tornando esta população mais vulnerável ao efeito tóxico do Pta. As novilhas criadas em explorações com problemas de HEB revelaram valores de GPx significativamente inferiores aos obtidos nas novilhas oriundas de explorações-controlo. Esta informação sugere que o selénio poderá desempenhar um importante papel na génese dos Tbx, à semelhança do que se verifica para algumas neoplasias humanas. O mapeamento das lesões neoplásicas identificadas na mucosa de 100 bexigas de bovinos abatidos no MISM, possibilitou concluir que as áreas envolventes do trígono vesical e que se localizam ventralmente, com maior tempo de contacto com a urina, são aquelas que revelaram maior número de neoplasias. Esta informação é compatível com o metabolismo e acção biológica do Pta. O rastreio de ADN viral de BPV-2 em 300 amostras de bexiga de bovinos com (n=200) e sem lesões neoplásicas (n=100), por técnicas de PCR, possibilitou constatar que cerca de 43% dos animais revelaram positividade. Contudo, não foram registadas diferenças de prevalência entre amostras com e sem lesões tumorais. São necessários estudos mais aprofundados para determinar qual o papel dos BPVs na génese dos Tbx. As medidas profilácticas para a HEB implementadas na ISM visaram, predominantemente, o controlo e erradicação do feto comum das pastagens micaelenses. Estas têm-se revelado eficazes na redução do número de rejeições por Tbx no MISM, no número total de explorações afectadas pela HEB/Tbx e na redução de casos clínicos nos bovinos dos produtores com maior casuística de toxicidade provocada pelo feto comum. A taxa de rejeições por Tbx decresceu de 18% para 8,8% e o número de explorações atingidas pela HEB/Tbx decresceu de 60% para 33% no período compreendido entre 2004 e 2009. ABSTRACT - Bovine enzootic haematuria: a contribution on its etiopathology - Bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) is a disease of chronic progress characterized by intermittent episodes of haematuria, associated with the development of inflammatory and neoplasic lesions of the inner surface of the urinary bladder in cattle of more than two years old. Urinary bladder tumours (UBT) constitute the main lesional feature of BEH. The present study establishes the association between BEH and ingestion of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). The areas on Sao Miguel Island (SMI) most affected by BEH/UBT were identified, together with the feed management practices promoting the occurrence of this pathology in cattle. High levels of ptaquiloside (average = 2,533 μg g-1) were found in 50 bracken samples (mainly composed of croziers and soft parts of the weed) from pastures of SMI dairy herds. Ptaquiloside (Pta) is a norsesquiterpenoid glycoside with carcinogenic activity. Slaughterhouse records obtained from the only abattoir on the island (SMI) during the period January 2000 to December 2009 showed that UBT was the main cause of whole carcass condemnations. 14.4% (16,986) of cows slaughtered (117,755) were rejected due to UBT. In male cattle of more than 2 years old the rate of condemnations due to UBT was 0.65% (77/11,782); this rate was only 0.16% (69/42,723) in males under 2 years old. The higher exposure of cows to bracken toxins can explain the differences observed. The weather conditions and irregular topography of SMI, together with poor feed and pasture management practices favour and/or promote the occurrence of bracken- related diseases such as acute bracken poisoning (ABP) and BEH. There were significant differences in haematological parameters between heifers from herds with and without HEB/UBT problems. Poor feed management and greater exposure to bracken toxins in problem herds could explain the differences found between these two groups. A survey of trace elements in 481 cattle from 70 herds from five different islands of the Azores archipelago revealed that there are generalized deficiencies in iodine, selenium, cobalt, copper and zinc. Trace elements deficit was more pronounced in replacement heifers, due to the lack of supplementation with feed concentrates or VIII minerals in the majority of herds. This fact makes this population more vulnerable to the toxic effects of Pta. Heifers reared in herds with BEH problems showed low levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), compared with heifers from control herds. The information suggests that selenium could have an important role in UBT genesis, as has been found for some human cancers. The results of mapping all neoplasic lesions seen in 100 urinary bladder mucosae from cattle slaughtered at the SMI abattoir showed that the areas surrounding the trigone and ventrally localized areas of the urinary bladder, which had more time in contact with urine, had greater numbers of neoplasias. This finding is compatible with the metabolic and biological activity of Pta. Using PCR techniques, a survey of viral DNA of BPV-2 in a total of 300 cattle urinary bladder samples, 200 with neoplasic lesions and 100 controls, revealed that about 43% of animals were positive. However, there were no significant differences between cases and controls. Further, more detailed studies are needed to investigate the role of BPVs on UBT genesis. Prophylactic measures for BEH were implemented to control and eradicate bracken from cattle pastures on SMI. These control measures were successful in reducing the number of condemnations due to UBT at the SMI slaughterhouse from 18% in year 2004 to 8.8% in year 2009. The total number of herds affected by UBT is also decreasing, from 60% in 2004 to 33% in 2009. At herd level, a reduction in the number of clinical cases of BEH and ABP has been observed, especially in the most affected herds.
- Published
- 2010
39. Dealing with lexicon acquired from comparable corpora : validation and exchange
- Author
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Delpech, Estelle, Daille, Béatrice, Lingua et Machina, LINGUA ET MACHINA - ROCQUENCOURT, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique (LINA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN), and ANR-08- CORD-009,ANR-08- CORD-009
- Subjects
terminology management ,comparable corpora ,TBX ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,term-oriented terminology ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] ,terminology extraction - Abstract
International audience; This paper adresses issues raised by the management of lexicons automatically acquired from comparable corpora. These lexicons require specialized post-editing tools and adapted exchange formats. First, we present a term-alignment validation tool that was specially designed for this kind of lexicons and that takes advantages of the linguistic information harvested during the extraction process. Second, we suggest a TBX (Term Base eXchange) variant for the exchange of automatically generated lexicons.
- Published
- 2010
40. Osasun-termino baliokideen hiztegia
- Author
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Oronoz Anchordoqui, Maite, F. INFORMATICA, INFORMATIKA F., Grado en Ingeniería Informática, Informatikaren Ingeniaritzako Gradua, Bikandi Laka, Eneko, Oronoz Anchordoqui, Maite, F. INFORMATICA, INFORMATIKA F., Grado en Ingeniería Informática, Informatikaren Ingeniaritzako Gradua, and Bikandi Laka, Eneko
- Abstract
Gure proiektua, medikuntzako kontzeptuak biltzen dituen ontologia eleanitz batetik datu-base bat eraikitzea eta hau ahalik eta azkarren kontsultatzea edota maneiatzea ahalbidetzen duen aplikazio bat inplementatzea da, hiztegi on-line gisa garatua. Horrez gain, IXA taldeak euskararekiko duen konpro- misua izanik, hiztegi hori euskaratu eta aplikazioan integratuko da.
- Published
- 2013
41. T-box factors determine cardiac design
- Author
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W M H, Hoogaars, P, Barnett, A F M, Moorman, and V M, Christoffels
- Subjects
T-box transcription factor ,patterning ,Stem Cells ,Tbx ,heart fields ,Heart ,chamber ,progenitor populations ,Multi-Author Review ,conduction system ,Heart Conduction System ,Animals ,Humans ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,T-Box Domain Proteins ,Body Patterning - Abstract
The heart of higher vertebrates is a structurally complicated multi-chambered pump that contracts synchronously. For its proper function a number of distinct integrated components have to be generated, including force-generating compartments, unidirectional valves, septa and a system in charge of the initiation and coordinated propagation of the depolarizing impulse over the heart. Not surprisingly, a large number of regulating factors are involved in these processes that act in complex and intertwined pathways to regulate the activity of target genes responsible for morphogenesis and function. The finding that mutations in T-box transcription factor-encoding genes in humans lead to congenital heart defects has focused attention on the importance of this family of regulators in heart development. Functional and genetic analyses in a variety of divergent species has demonstrated the critical roles of multiple T-box factor gene family members, including Tbx11, −2, −3, −5, −18 and −20, in the patterning, recruitment, specification, differentiation and growth processes underlying formation and integration of the heart components. Insight into the roles of T-box factors in these processes will enhance our understanding of heart formation and the underlying molecular regulatory pathways.
- Published
- 2007
42. Grundsätze über die Anlage neuer Sternwarten unter Beziehung auf die Sternwarte der Universität Göttingen
- Author
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Borheck, Georg Heinrich and Beuermann, Klaus
- Subjects
astronomy ,history of astronomy ,observatory ,PJO 700 ,15.51 ,PG ,TBX ,39.01 ,OAPEN ,TA 400 ,Niedersachsen ,Bremen ,Geschichte der Astronomie ,Göttingen ,Sternwart ,TCC 200 ,PDX - Abstract
The Göttingen Observatory, workplace of the famous scholar Carl Friedrich Gauss, is an important architectural monument. In 2005, it has been reconstructed jointly by the Georg-August-University and the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen. Since then it serves as a representative building for the University and is the seat of the Academy. With the use of the historic rooms for exhibitions this imposing building is open to the public for the first time. 200 years ago the observatory represented the recent scientific findings of its time and moved the University of Göttingen into the leading group of the foremost research institutions in Europe at this time. Also due to its architecture it has been a big leap for Georg Heinrich Borheck, architecture of the University of Göttingen. The war of the Napoleonic era disrupted the attempt of Borheck to publish his description of the construction of the Göttingen observatory in 1805. But his writing is still relevant today and will be finally published with this band for the first time accessible to a wide public. It shows the principles on which public buildings were designed then, explains the importance of the construction in art- and science-historical perspectives and informs on the plans for the restoration of the observatory in a separate article and in the preface by the President of the Georg-August University Prof. Dr. Dr. hc Kurt von Figura. Die Göttinger Sternwarte, Wirkungsstätte des berühmten Gelehrten Carl Friedrich Gauß, ist ein bedeutendes Baudenkmal. Im Jahre 2005 wird sie gemeinsam von der Georg-August-Universität und der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen renoviert, um dann als repräsentatives Gebäude der Universität und Arbeitsstätte der Akademie zu dienen. Die Nutzung der historischen Räume für Ausstellungen macht diesen imposanten Bau erstmals der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Die Sternwarte war bei ihrer Errichtung vor 200 Jahren ein nach seinerzeit neuesten wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen konzipierter Bau, der die Universität Göttingen in eine der vordersten Stellen Europa rückte. Auch aufgrund ihrer Architektur ist sie ein großer Wurf des Göttinger Universitätsbaumeisters Georg Heinrich Borheck. Durch die Kriegswirren der Napoleonischen Zeit zerschlug sich Borhecks Versuch einer Publikation seiner Beschreibung des Baus der Göttinger Sternwarte 1805. Doch seine Schrift ist auch heute noch aktuell und wird mit diesem Band erstmals einer breiten Öffentlichkeit zugängig gemacht. Er zeigt die Grundsätze, nach denen damals öffentliche Bauten konzipiert wurden, erläutert die Bedeutung des Baus aus kunst- und wissenschaftshistorischer Sicht und informiert über die Pläne zur Restaurierung der Sternwarte in einem separaten Beitrag und im Geleitwort des Präsidenten der Georg-August Universität Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Kurt von Figura. peerReviewed
- Published
- 2005
43. Ludwig Prandtl - ein Lebensbild; Erinnerungen, Dokumente
- Author
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Vogel-Prandtl, Johanna
- Subjects
33.00 ,TB ,Prandtl ,50.01 ,PH ,TBX ,AVA ,OAPEN ,Allgemeines ,Ludwig Prandtl [Technikgeschichte ,Physik] - Abstract
Mit der Berufung Ludwig Prandtls als Professor für Angewandte Mechanik wurde die kleine Universitätsstadt Göttingen im Jahr 1904 zur Wiege der modernen Strömungsmechanik und Aerodynamik. Prandtl begründete hier nicht nur mit der Aerodynamischen Versuchsanstalt (AVA) und dem Kaiser- Wilhelm-Institut für Strömungsforschung zwei Forschungseinrichtungen von Weltrang, sondern auch mit der so genannten "Göttinger Schule" eine außergewöhnlich fruchtbare wissenschaftliche Denkweise, die sich durch eine eigentümliche Balance von physikalischer Intuition und mathematischer Exaktheit auszeichnet. Die wissenschaftliche Methode Prandtls und seiner Schüler hat ihren Niederschlag in zahlreichen Dissertationen, Monographien und Lehrbüchern gefunden, die mittlerweile als klassisch gelten und damit zum Grundbestand der Strömungslehre gehören. Doch viele dieser Publikationen sind seit langer Zeit nicht mehr verfügbar. Die Reihe "Göttinger Klassiker der Strömungsmechanik" stellt deshalb ausgewählte Publikationen, die der Göttinger Schule um Ludwig Prandtl zuzurechnen sind oder in einem gewissen historischen Bezug dazu stehen, wieder zur Verfügung.Die sehr persönliche Biografie Ludwig Prandtls, zusammengestellt von seiner jüngeren Tochter Johanna Vogel-Prandtl, wird durch zahlreiche Fotos aus Prandtls Arbeits- und Privatleben ergänzt. Sie rundet das Bild des Gründungsvaters der modernen Strömungsmechanik ab, dessen wissenschaftliche Bedeutung bis auf den heutigen Tag nachwirkt. peerReviewed
- Published
- 2005
44. T-Box Genes in the Kidney and Urinary Tract.
- Author
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Kispert A
- Subjects
- Animals, Evolution, Molecular, Humans, Kidney embryology, Organogenesis genetics, T-Box Domain Proteins metabolism, Urinary Tract embryology, Kidney metabolism, T-Box Domain Proteins genetics, Urinary Tract metabolism
- Abstract
T-box (Tbx) genes encode an ancient group of transcription factors that play important roles in patterning, specification, proliferation, and differentiation programs in vertebrate organogenesis. This is testified by severe organ malformation syndromes in mice homozygous for engineered null alleles of specific T-box genes and by the large number of human inherited organ-specific diseases that have been linked to mutations in these genes. One of the organ systems that has not been associated with loss of specific T-box gene function in human disease for long is the excretory system. However, this has changed with the finding that mutations in TBX18, a member of a vertebrate-specific subgroup within the Tbx1-subfamily of T-box transcription factor genes, cause congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, predominantly hydroureter and ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Gene expression analyses, loss-of-function studies, and lineage tracing in the mouse suggest a primary role for this transcription factor in specifying the ureteric mesenchyme in the common anlage of the kidney, the ureter, and the bladder. We review the function of Tbx18 in ureterogenesis and discuss the body of evidence that Tbx18 and other members of the T-box gene family, namely, Tbx1, Tbx2, Tbx3, and Tbx20, play additional roles in development and homeostasis of other components of the excretory system in vertebrates., (© 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Developmental patterning of the cardiac atrioventricular canal by Notch and Hairy-related transcription factors.
- Author
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Rutenberg, Joshua B., Fischer, Andreas, Jia, Haibo, Gessler, Manfred, Zhong, Tao P., and Mercola, Mark
- Subjects
- *
NOTCH genes , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *PROTEINS , *COMMON atrioventricular canal , *ENDOCARDIAL cushion defects , *ZEBRA danio , *EMBRYOLOGY - Abstract
Mutations in Notch2, Jagged1 or homologs of the Hairy-related transcriptional repressor Hey2 cause congenital malformations involving the non-chamber atrioventricular canal (AVC) and inner curvature (IC) regions of the heart, but the underlying mechanisms have not been investigated. By manipulating signaling directly within the developing chick heart, we demonstrated that Notch2, Hey1 and Hey2 initiate a signaling cascade that delimits the non-chamber AVC and IC regions. Specifically, misactivation of Notch2 signaling, or misexpression of either Hey1 or Hey2, repressed Bmp2. Because Jagged (also known as Serrate in non-mammalian species) ligands were found to be present in prospective chamber myocardium, these data support the model that Notch2 and Hey proteins cause the progressive restriction of Bmp2 expression to within the developing AVC and IC, where it is essential for differentiation. Misactivation or inhibition of Notch2 specifically induced or inhibited Hey1, respectively, but these manipulations did not affect Hey2, implicating Hey1 as the direct mediator of Notch2. Bmp2 within the developing AVC and IC has been shown to induce Tbx2, and we found that Tbx2 misexpression inhibited the expression of both Hey1 and Hey2. Tbx2, therefore, is envisaged to constitute a feedback loop that sharpens the border with the developing AVC and IC by delimiting Hey gene expression to within prospective chamber regions. Analysis of the loss-of-function phenotype in mouse embryos homozygous for targeted disruption of Hey2 revealed an expanded AVC domain of Bmp2. Similarly, zebrafish gridlock (Hey2 homolog) mutant embryos showed ectopic expression of Bmp4, which normally marks AVC myocardium in this species. Thus, Hey pathway regulation of cardiac Bmp appears to be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to delimit AVC and IC fate, and provides a potential mechanistic explanation for cardiac malformations caused by mutations in Serrate/Jagged1 and Notch signaling components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Randomized placebo-controlled intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA-supplemented yoghurt: effects on circulating eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors.
- Author
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Dawczynski C, Massey KA, Ness C, Kiehntopf M, Stepanow S, Platzer M, Grün M, Nicolaou A, and Jahreis G
- Subjects
- Aged, CD36 Antigens genetics, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Double-Blind Method, Eicosanoids metabolism, Erythrocytes metabolism, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 blood, Female, Genetic Association Studies, Germany epidemiology, Humans, Hypertriglyceridemia genetics, Hypertriglyceridemia metabolism, Hypertriglyceridemia physiopathology, Hypolipidemic Agents administration & dosage, Hypolipidemic Agents blood, Lipoproteins, HDL blood, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Eicosanoids blood, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 therapeutic use, Food, Fortified, Hypertriglyceridemia diet therapy, Hypolipidemic Agents therapeutic use, Yogurt
- Abstract
Background & Aims: The study examined the value of n-3 LC-PUFA-enriched yogurt as means of improving cardiovascular health., Design: Fifty three mildly hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects (TAG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel designed study. The subjects consumed 1) control yoghurt; 2) yoghurt enriched with 0.8 g n-3 LC-PUFA/d; or 3) yoghurt enriched with 3 g n-3 LC-PUFA/d for a period of 10 wks. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and the end of the study period., Results: Following daily intake of 3 g n-3 LC-PUFA for 10 weeks, n-3 LC-PUFA levels increased significantly in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) with concomitant increase in the EPA-derived mediators (PGE₃, 12-, 15-, 18-HEPE) in plasma whilst cardiovascular risk factors such as HDL, TAG, AA/EPA ratio, and n-3 index were improved (P < 0.05); the decrease of TAG and increase in HDL were associated with the CD36 genotype., Conclusion: The observed increase of n-3 LC-PUFA in RBC and plasma lipids due to intake of n-3 LC-PUFA enriched yoghurt resulted in a reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory mediators showing that daily consumption of n-3 PUFA enriched yoghurt can be an effective way of supplementing the daily diet and improving cardiovascular health., (Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Induction and specification of cranial placodes
- Author
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Gerhard Schlosser
- Subjects
Eya ,Six1 ,Embryo, Nonmammalian ,Lateral line placodes ,Six4 ,Mouse ,Xenopus ,Trigeminal placode ,Ectoderm ,Xenopus Proteins ,Chick ,Adenohypophyseal placode ,FGF ,Lens placode ,Otic placode ,Zebrafish ,Embryonic Induction ,Fox ,GATA ,Tbx ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ,Nuclear Proteins ,Neural crest ,Anatomy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Neural Crest ,ANF ,Neural development ,Neural plate ,Signal Transduction ,Irx ,Neurogenic placodes ,Embryonic Structures ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,Pitx ,Wnt ,Pituitary Gland, Anterior ,medicine ,Animals ,BMP ,Primordium ,Molecular Biology ,Olfactory placode ,Epibranchial placodes ,Dlx3 ,Body Patterning ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Embryo, Mammalian ,Msx ,Pituitary ,SoxB1 ,Pax ,Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ,Neuroscience ,Transcription Factors ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Cranial placodes are specialized regions of the ectoderm, which give rise to various sensory ganglia and contribute to the pituitary gland and sensory organs of the vertebrate head. They include the adenohypophyseal, olfactory, lens, trigeminal, and profundal placodes, a series of epibranchial placodes, an otic placode, and a series of lateral line placodes. After a long period of neglect, recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in placode induction and specification. There is increasing evidence that all placodes despite their different developmental fates originate from a common panplacodal primordium around the neural plate. This common primordium is defined by the expression of transcription factors of the Six1/2, Six4/5, and Eya families, which later continue to be expressed in all placodes and appear to promote generic placodal properties such as proliferation, the capacity for morphogenetic movements, and neuronal differentiation. A large number of other transcription factors are expressed in subdomains of the panplacodal primordium and appear to contribute to the specification of particular subsets of placodes. This review first provides a brief overview of different cranial placodes and then synthesizes evidence for the common origin of all placodes from a panplacodal primordium. The role of various transcription factors for the development of the different placodes is addressed next, and it is discussed how individual placodes may be specified and compartmentalized within the panplacodal primordium. Finally, tissues and signals involved in placode induction are summarized with a special focus on induction of the panplacodal primordium itself (generic placode induction) and its relation to neural induction and neural crest induction. Integrating current data, new models of generic placode induction and of combinatorial placode specification are presented.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. TBX.
- Published
- 1991
49. Databáze XML pro správu slovníkových dat
- Author
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Smrž, Pavel, Granát, Jiří, Smrž, Pavel, and Granát, Jiří
- Abstract
Cílem praktické části této práce je převést nevalidní pseudoXML data do validního XML a dále pak provádět pokročilou validaci pomocí Schematronu. Teoretická část se týká popisu značkovacího jazyka XML. Dále se věnuje ukázkám a popisu dat a rozdílů standardů OLIF, ISLE/MILE a dalších. Část, kde je popsána implementace, vysvětluje problémy vzniklé při převodu do standartu a postup práce. V závěru práce je vyhodnocení statistik., This Bachelor's thesis practical part's main goal is transformation of invalid pseudoXML data into valid XML and use Schematron for advance validation. Teoretical part is about XML markup language. Next part ilustrates and describes data storing in OLIF, ISLE/MILE etc. standards and differences between them. Part, where the thesis concentrates on implementation, describes problems and work progress. Last part is about statistic evaluation.
50. Databáze XML pro správu slovníkových dat
- Author
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Smrž, Pavel, Granát, Jiří, Smrž, Pavel, and Granát, Jiří
- Abstract
Cílem praktické části této práce je převést nevalidní pseudoXML data do validního XML a dále pak provádět pokročilou validaci pomocí Schematronu. Teoretická část se týká popisu značkovacího jazyka XML. Dále se věnuje ukázkám a popisu dat a rozdílů standardů OLIF, ISLE/MILE a dalších. Část, kde je popsána implementace, vysvětluje problémy vzniklé při převodu do standartu a postup práce. V závěru práce je vyhodnocení statistik., This Bachelor's thesis practical part's main goal is transformation of invalid pseudoXML data into valid XML and use Schematron for advance validation. Teoretical part is about XML markup language. Next part ilustrates and describes data storing in OLIF, ISLE/MILE etc. standards and differences between them. Part, where the thesis concentrates on implementation, describes problems and work progress. Last part is about statistic evaluation.
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