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1. Experimental research on the TCV tokamak

Author: B.P. Duval, A. Abdolmaleki, M. Agostini, C.J. Ajay, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, G. Anastasiou, Y. Andrèbe, G.M. Apruzzese, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon-Guerola, F. Bagnato, A. Baillod, F. Bairaktaris, L. Balbinot, A. Balestri, M. Baquero-Ruiz, C. Barcellona, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, J. Boedo, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, L. Boncagni, M. Bonotto, T.O.S.J. Bosman, D. Brida, D. Brunetti, J. Buchli, J. Buerman, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, D. Busil, J. Caloud, Y. Camenen, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, M. Carpita, C. Castaldo, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, B. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, C. Contré, R. Coosemans, L. Cordaro, S. Costea, T. Craciunescu, K. Crombe, A. Dal Molin, O. D’Arcangelo, D. de Las Casas, J. Decker, J. Degrave, H. de Oliveira, G.L. Derks, L.E. di Grazia, C. Donner, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, G. Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud, B. Esposito, T. Ewalds, M. Faitsch, M. Farník, A. Fasoli, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, L. Fritz, I. Furno, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, S. Galeani, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Genoud, R. Gerrú Miguelanez, G. Ghillardi, M. Giacomin, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, C. Giroud, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, S. Gorno, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Hafner, M. Hamed, D. Hamm, W. Han, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, D. Hassabis, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, J-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, A. Huber, E. Huett, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A.E. Järvinen, J. Kalis, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, K. Kavukcuoglu, J. Kay, Y. Kazakov, J. Keeling, A. Kirjasuo, J.T.W. Koenders, P. Kohli, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, K. Lee, E. Lerche, B. Linehan, D. Liuzza, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, A. Marinoni, L. Martellucci, Y. Martin, P. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Martinelli, J.R. Martin-Solis, S. Masillo, R. Masocco, V. Masson, A. Mathews, M. Mattei, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, S.Y. Medvedev, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, I.G. Miron, P.A. Molina Cabrera, A. Moro, A. Murari, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, M. Neunert, S.K. Nielsen, A. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Noury, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, F. Oliva, D.S. Oliveira, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, P. Oyola Dominguez, O. Pan, E. Panontin, A.D. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Pau, R.O. Pavlichenko, A.C. Pedersen, M. Pedrini, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Pesamosca, D. Pfau, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, U. Plank, V. Plyusnin, Y.R.J. Poels, G.I. Pokol, J. Poley-Sanjuan, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, M.J. Pueschel, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, M. Rabinski, R. Ragona, H. Raj, A. Redl, H. Reimerdes, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Riedmiller, S. Rienäcker, D. Rigamonti, N. Rispoli, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rueda Rueda, P.J. Ryan, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, N. Schoonheere, R.W. Schrittwieser, F. Sciortino, A. Selce, L. Senni, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, E.R. Solano, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, A. Stagni, P. Strand, G. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, M. Tardocchi, A. Tema Biwole, A. Tenaglia, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A.S. Thrysoe, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, H. Torreblanca, B. Tracey, M. Tsimpoukelli, C. Tsironis, C.K. Tsui, M. Ugoletti, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, S. van Mulders, M. van Rossem, C. Venturini, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, I. Voitsekhovitch, L. Votta, N.M.T. Vu, Y. Wang, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, C. Wüthrich, D. Yadykin, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, P. Zestanakis, M. Zuin, and M. Zurita
Subjects: TCV, review, plasma, SPC, EPFL, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), recently celebrating 30 years of near-continual operation, continues in its missions to advance outstanding key physics and operational scenario issues for ITER and the design of future power plants such as DEMO. The main machine heating systems and operational changes are first described. Then follow five sections: plasma scenarios. ITER Base-Line (IBL) discharges, triangularity studies together with X3 heating and N2 seeding. Edge localised mode suppression, with a high radiation region near the X-point is reported with N _2 injection with and without divertor baffles in a snowflake configuration. Negative triangularity (NT) discharges attained record, albeit transient, β _N ∼ 3 with lower turbulence, higher low-Z impurity transport, vertical stability and density limits and core transport better than the IBL. Positive triangularity L-Mode linear and saturated ohmic confinement confinement saturation, often-correlated with intrinsic toroidal rotation reversals, was probed for D, H and He working gases. H-mode confinement and pedestal studies were extended to low collisionality with electron cyclotron heating obtaining steady state electron iternal transport barrier with neutral beam heating (NBH), and NBH driven H-mode configurations with off-axis co-electron cyclotron current drive. Fast particle physics. The physics of disruptions, runaway electrons and fast ions (FIs) was developed using near-full current conversion at disruption with recombination thresholds characterised for impurity species (Ne, Ar, Kr). Different flushing gases (D2, H2) and pathways to trigger a benign disruption were explored. The 55 kV NBH II generated a rich Alfvénic spectrum modulating the FI fas ion loss detector signal. NT configurations showed less toroidal Alfvén excitation activity preferentially affecting higher FI pitch angles. Scrape-off layer and edge physics. gas puff imaging systems characterised turbulent plasma ejection for several advanced divertor configurations, including NT. Combined diagnostic array divertor state analysis in detachment conditions was compared to modelling revealing an importance for molecular processes. Divertor physics. Internal gas baffles diversified to include shorter/longer structures on the high and/or low field side to probe compressive efficiency. Divertor studies concentrated upon mitigating target power, facilitating detachment and increasing the radiated power fraction employing alternative divertor geometries, optimised X-point radiator regimes and long-legged configurations. Smaller-than-expected improvements with total flux expansion were better modelled when including parallel flows. Peak outer target heat flux reduction was achieved (>50%) for high flux-expansion geometries, maintaining core performance ( H _98 > 1). A reduction in target heat loads and facilitated detachment access at lower core densities is reported. Real-time control. TCV’s real-time control upgrades employed MIMO gas injector control of stable, robust, partial detachment and plasma β feedback control avoiding neoclassical tearing modes with plasma confinement changes. Machine-learning enhancements include trajectory tracking disruption proximity and avoidance as well as a first-of-its-kind reinforcement learning-based controller for the plasma equilibrium trained entirely on a free-boundary simulator. Finally, a short description of TCV’s immediate future plans will be given.
Published: 2024
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2. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author: H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.
Published: 2024
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3. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author: E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. Fischer, M. Fitzgerald, M. Flebbe, M. Fontana, J. Fontdecaba Climent, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, S. Futatani, R. Futtersack, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, M. Gambrioli, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Gerardin, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru Miguelanez, G. Gervasini, Z. Ghani, F.M. Ghezzi, G. Ghillardi, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, T. Gleiter, M. Gobbin, V. Goloborodko, A. González Ganzábal, T. Goodman, V. Gopakumar, G. Gorini, T. Görler, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, D. Greenhouse, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, O. Grover, M. Gruca, A. Gude, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, T. Gyergyek, L. Hagg, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, D. Harting, N.C. Hawkes, P. Heinrich, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, R. Henriques, S. Heuraux, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, J. Hillairet, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, M. Hölzl, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, N. Horsten, L. Horvath, M. Houry, K. Hromasova, J. Huang, Z. Huang, A. Huber, E. Huett, P. Huynh, A. Iantchenko, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, P. Ivanova, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, S. Jachmich, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, T. Jensen, I. Jepu, S. Jessica, T. Johnson, A. Juven, J. Kalis, J. Karhunen, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, P.V. Kazantzidis, W. Kernbichler, HT. Kim, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, A. Kit, T. Kiviniemi, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, M. Kochan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, L. Kogan, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Komm, M. Kong, B. Kool, S.B. Korsholm, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, K. Koziol, M. Kozulia, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, U. Kruezi, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, H. Kumpulainen, M.H. Kushoro, R. Kwiatkowski, M. La Matina, M. Lacquaniti, L. Laguardia, P. Lainer, P. Lang, M. Larsen, E. Laszynska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, M.Y.K. Lee, S. Leerink, M. Lehnen, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, Y. Liang, A. Lier, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, A. Listopad, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland Smith, D. Liuzza, T. Loarer, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, N. Lonigro, R. Lorenzini, C. Lowry, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, A. Ludvig Osipov, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, P. Maget, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, A. Mancini, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Markl, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, S. Marsden, L. Martellucci, P. Martin, C. Martin, F. Martinelli, L. Martinelli, J.R. Martin Solis, R. Martone, M. Maslov, R. Masocco, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, M.L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, G. McArdle, R. McDermott, K. McKay, A.G. Meigs, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, S. Menmuir, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta Michalik, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, J. Mitchell, R. Mitteau, V. Mitterauer, J. Mlynar, V. Moiseenko, P. Molna, F. Mombelli, C. Monti, A. Montisci, J. Morales, P. Moreau, J.M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, P. Mulholland, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, Y. Nakeva, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, M.F. Nave, R.D. Nem, A. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, R. Ochoukov, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, C. Olde, F. Oliva, D. Oliveira, H.J.C. Oliver, P. Ollus, J. Ongena, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, R. Otin, P. Oyola Dominguez, D.I. Palade, S. Palomba, O. Pan, N. Panadero, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, J. Parisi, A. Parrott, K. Paschalidis, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Patel, B. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, B. Pegourie, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez Von Thun, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, Y. Peysson, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, A. Podolnik, Y. Poels, G. Pokol, J. Poley, G. Por, M. Poradzinski, F. Porcelli, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, I. Predebon, G. Pucella, M. Pueschel, P. Puglia, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, A. Quercia, M. Rabinski, L. Radovanovic, R. Ragona, H. Raj, M. Rasinski, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Refy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, O. Renders, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Richou, S. Rienacker, D. Rigamonti, F. Rigollet, F.G. Rimini, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, N. Rivals, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. Roach, G. Rocchi, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rosato, R. Rossi, G. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, J. Ruiz Ruiz, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, J. Santos, K. Särkimäki, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, P. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, M. Scotto D’Abusco, S. Scully, A. Selce, L. Senni, M. Senstius, G. Sergienko, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, C. Silva, A. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, J. Simpson, L. Singh, S. Sipilä, Y. Siusko, S. Smith, A. Snicker, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, M. Sos, C. Sozzi, F. Spineanu, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, C. Srinivasan, A. Stagni, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, J. Stober, P. Strand, C.I. Stuart, F. Subba, G.Y. Sun, H.J. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, T. Szepesi, G. Szepesi, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, G. Telesca, A. Tenaglia, A. Terra, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor
Subjects: JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.
Published: 2024
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4. Overview of the KSTAR experiments toward fusion reactor

Author: Won-Ha Ko, S.W. Yoon, W.C. Kim, J.G. Kwak, K.L. Park, Y.U. Nam, S.J. Wang, J. Chung, B.H. Park, G.Y. Park, H.H. Lee, H.S. Han, M.J. Choi, Y.S. Na, Y. In, C.Y. Lee, M. Kim, G.S. Yun, Y.-C. Ghim, W.H. Choe, J.M. Kwon, J.P. Lee, W.C. Lee, Y.M. Jeon, K. Kim, J.H. Lee, G.W. Shin, J. Kim, J. Lee, S.H. Hahn, J.W. Lee, H.S. Kim, J.G. Bak, S.G. Lee, Y.H. Lee, J.H. Jeong, M.H. Woo, J.H. Kim, J.W. Juhn, J.S. Ko, C. Sung, H.W. Shin, J.M. Park, S.K. Kim, J.K. Park, N.C. Logan, S.M. Yang, E. Kolemen, Q.M. Hu, R. Shousha, J. Barr, C. Paz-Soldan, Y.S. Park, S.A. Sabbagh, K. Ida, S. Kim, A. Loarte, E. Gilson, D. Eldon, T. Nakano, T. Tala, and KSTAR Team
Subjects: FIRE-mode, machine learning (ML) control algorithm, long ELM-suppression, tungsten divertor, virtual KSTAR, high beta long pulse, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: The Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research has been focused on exploring the key physics and engineering issues for future fusion reactors by demonstrating the long pulse operation of high beta steady-state discharge. Advanced scenarios are being developed with the goal for steady-state operation, and significant progress has been made in high ℓ _i , hybrid and high beta scenarios with β _N of 3. In the new operation scenario called fast ion regulated enhanced (FIRE), fast ions play an essential role in confinement enhancement. GK simulations show a significant reduction of the thermal energy flux when the thermal ion fraction decreases and the main ion density gradient is reversed by the fast ions in FIRE mode. Optimization of 3D magnetic field techniques, including adaptive control and real-time machine learning control algorithm, enabled long-pulse operation and high-performance ELM-suppressed discharge. Symmetric multiple shattered pellet injections (SPIs) and real-time disruption event characterization and forecasting are being performed to mitigate and avoid the disruptions associated with high-performance, long-pulse ITER-like scenarios. Finally, the near-term research plan will be addressed with the actively cooled tungsten divertor, a major upgrade of the NBI and helicon current drive heating, and transition to a full metallic wall.
Published: 2024
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5. Overview of T and D–T results in JET with ITER-like wall

Author: C.F. Maggi, D. Abate, N. Abid, P. Abreu, O. Adabonyan, M. Afzal, I. Ahmad, M. Akhtar, R. Albanese, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, J. Alguacil, J. Alhage, M. Ali, H. Allen, M. Allinson, M. Alonzo, E. Alves, R. Ambrosino, E. Andersson Sundén, P. Andrew, M. Angelone, C. Angioni, I. Antoniou, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, C. Aramunde, M. Ariola, G. Arnoux, G. Artaserse, J.-F. Artaud, W. Arter, V. Artigues, F.J. Artola, A. Ash, O. Asztalos, D. Auld, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, J. Ayllón, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, V.K. Bandaru, J. Banks, A. Banon Navarro, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, M. Baruzzo, M. Bassan, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, L. Baumane, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, C. Bearcroft, P. Beaumont, D. Beckett, A. Begolli, M. Beidler, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, E. Belli, F. Belli, S. Benkadda, J. Bentley, E. Bernard, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, H. Betar, M. Beurskens, P.G. Bhat, S. Bickerton, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, R. Bilato, P. Bílková, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, J.P.S. Bizarro, P. Blatchford, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, G. Bodnar, P. Bohm, L. Bonalumi, N. Bonanomi, D. Bonfiglio, X. Bonnin, P. Bonofiglo, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, I. Božičević Mihalić, S.C. Bradnam, B. Breizman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, M. Brix, P. Brown, D. Brunetti, M. Buckley, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Burgess, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, D. Butcher, G. Calabrò, L. Calacci, R. Calado, R. Canavan, B. Cannas, M. Cannon, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, P. Card, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, P. Carman, D. Carnevale, B. Carvalho, I.S. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, J.P. Catalan, N. Catarino, F. Causa, M. Cavedon, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, C.D. Challis, B. Chamberlain, R. Chandra, C.S. Chang, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, P. Chauhan, M. Chernyshova, A. Chiariello, G.-C. Chira, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, L. Chone, J. Cieslik, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, Ł. Ciupinski, R. Clarkson, M. Cleverly, P. Coates, V. Coccorese, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, A. Colangeli, L. Colas, J. Collins, S. Conroy, C. Contré, N.J. Conway, D. Coombs, P. Cooper, S. Cooper, L. Cordaro, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, D. Coster, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, D. Craven, R. Craven, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, T. Cronin, N. Cruz, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, A. Dal Molin, S. Dalley, P. David, A. Davies, J. Davies, S. Davies, G. Davis, K. Dawson, S. Dawson, I. Day, G. De Tommasi, J. Deane, M. Dearing, M. De Bock, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, D. Del Sarto, A. Dempsey, W. Deng, A. Dennett, G.L. Derks, G. De Temmerman, F. Devasagayam, P. de Vries, P. Devynck, A. di Siena, D. Dickinson, T. Dickson, M. Diez, P. Dinca, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J. Dobrashian, T. Dochnal, A.J.H. Donné, W. Dorland, S. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, R. Dotse, D. Douai, S. Dowson, R. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, G. Drummond, Ph. Duckworth, H.G. Dudding, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, T. Dunatov, M. Dunne, I. Ďuran, F. Durodié, R. Dux, T. Eade, E. Eardley, J. Edwards, T. Eich, A. Eksaeva, H. El-Haroun, R.D. Ellis, G. Ellwood, C. Elsmore, S. Emery, G. Ericsson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L.G. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, G. Evans, S. Evans, E. Fable, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, M. Falessi, A. Fanni, T. Farmer, I. Farquhar, B. Faugeras, S. Fazinić, N. Fedorczak, K. Felker, R. Felton, H. Fernandes, D.R. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, G. Ferrò, J. Fessey, O. Février, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, N. Fil, P. Finburg, U. Fischer, G. Fishpool, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, S. Foley, N. Fonnesu, M. Fontana, J.M. Fontdecaba, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, C. Fowler, P. Fox, O. Franklin, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, R. Fresa, D. Frigione, T. Fülöp, M. Furseman, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, S. Gadgil, K. Gál, S. Galeani, A. Galkowski, D. Gallart, M. Gambrioli, T. Gans, J. Garcia, M. García-Muñoz, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, D. Gear, T. Gebhart, S. Gee, M. Gelfusa, R. George, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Gherendi, P.-I. Gherghina, F. Ghezzi, L. Giacomelli, C. Gibson, L. Gil, M.R. Gilbert, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, J. Goff, V. Goloborodko, R. Gomes, J.-F. Gomez, B. Gonçalves, M. Goniche, J. Gonzalez-Martin, A. Goodyear, S. Gore, G. Gorini, T. Görler, N. Gotts, E. Gow, J.P. Graves, J. Green, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, F. Griph, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, C. Grove, R. Grove, N. Gupta, S. Hacquin, L. Hägg, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, M.R. Hardman, Y. Haresawa, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, D. Harting, D.R. Hatch, T. Haupt, J. Hawes, N.C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, S. Hazael, J. Hearmon, P. Heesterman, P. Heinrich, M. Held, W. Helou, O. Hemming, S.S. Henderson, R. Henriques, R.B. Henriques, D. Hepple, J. Herfindal, G. Hermon, J.C. Hillesheim, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, O. Hoenen, C. Hogben, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, E. Hollmann, M. Hölzl, M. Hook, M. Hoppe, J. Horáček, N. Horsten, A. Horton, L.D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. Hotchin, Z. Hu, Z. Huang, E. Hubenov, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. Huddleston, G.T.A. Huijsmans, Y. Husain, P. Huynh, A. Hynes, D. Iglesias, M.V. Iliasova, M. Imríšek, J. Ingleby, P. Innocente, V. Ioannou-Sougleridis, N. Isernia, I. Ivanova-Stanik, E. Ivings, S. Jachmich, T. Jackson, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, N. Jayasekera, F. Jenko, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, T. Johnson, J. Johnston, C. Jones, E. Jones, G. Jones, L. Jones, T.T.C. Jones, A. Joyce, M. Juvonen, A. Kallenbach, P. Kalnina, D. Kalupin, P. Kanth, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, E. Karsakos, Ye.O. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D.L. Keeling, W. Kelly, M. Kempenaars, D. Kennedy, K. Khan, E. Khilkevich, C. Kiefer, H.-T. Kim, J. Kim, S.H. Kim, D.B. King, D.J. Kinna, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, T. Kiviniemi, G. Kizane, C. Klepper, A. Klix, G. Kneale, M. Knight, P. Knight, R. Knights, S. Knipe, U. Knoche, M. Knolker, M. Kocan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Kong, B. Kool, V. Korovin, S.B. Korsholm, B. Kos, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, K. Koziol, Y. Krasikov, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, M. Kresina, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Książek, H. Kumpulainen, B. Kurzan, S. Kwak, O.J. Kwon, B. Labit, M. Lacquaniti, A. Lagoyannis, L. Laguardia, A. Laing, V. Laksharam, N. Lam, H.T. Lambertz, B. Lane, M. Langley, E. Lascas Neto, E. Łaszyńska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, G. Learoyd, C. Lee, K. Lee, S. Leerink, T. Leeson, X. Lefebvre, H.J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, D. Leichtle, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Leon Gutierrez, L.A. Leppin, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, S. Lesnoj, L. Lewin, J. Lewis, J. Likonen, Ch. Linsmeier, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland-Smith, F. Liu, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. Lobel, B. Lomanowski, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, R. Lorenzini, S. Loreti, V.P. Loschiavo, M. Loughlin, T. Lowe, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. Lucock, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, M. Lungaroni, C.P. Lungu, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, B. Lyons, J. Macdonald, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, P. Manas, A. Manning, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, A. Mariani, G. Mariano, M. Marin, A. Marin Roldan, M. Marinelli, T. Markovič, L. Marot, C. Marren, S. Marsden, S. Marsen, J. Marsh, R. Marshall, L. Martellucci, A.J. Martin, C. Martin, R. Martone, S. Maruyama, M. Maslov, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, A. Mauriya, F. Maviglia, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P.J. McCarthy, P. McCullen, R. McDermott, D.C. McDonald, D. McGuckin, V. McKay, L. McNamee, A. McShee, D. Mederick, M. Medland, S. Medley, K. Meghani, A.G. Meigs, S. Meitner, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, S. Mianowski, P. Middleton, J. Mietelski, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, D. Milanesio, E. Milani, E. Militello-Asp, F. Militello, J. Milnes, A. Milocco, S. Minucci, I. Miron, J. Mitchell, J. Mlynář, V. Moiseenko, P. Monaghan, I. Monakhov, A. Montisci, S. Moon, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, R.B. Morales, L. Morgan, F. Moro, J. Morris, T. Mrowetz, L. Msero, S. Munot, A. Muñoz-Perez, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, B. N’Konga, Y.S. Na, F. Nabais, R. Naish, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M.F.F. Nave, R. Neu, S. Ng, M. Nicassio, D. Nicolai, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, D. Nina, C. Noble, C.R. Nobs, M. Nocente, H. Nordman, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, J. O’Callaghan, M. O’Mullane, C. O’Neill, C. Olde, H.J.C. Oliver, R. Olney, J. Ongena, G.P. Orsitto, A. Osipov, R. Otin, N. Pace, L.W. Packer, E. Pajuste, D. Palade, J. Palgrave, O. Pan, N. Panadero, T. Pandya, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, G. Papadopoulos, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, A. Parsloe, K. Paschalidis, M. Passeri, A. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, C. Paz-Soldan, A. Peacock, M. Pearce, I.J. Pearson, E. Peluso, C. Penot, K. Pepperell, A. Perdas, T. Pereira, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez von Thun, D. Perry, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, N. Petrella, M. Peyman, L. Pigatto, M. Pillon, S. Pinches, G. Pintsuk, C. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, U. Planck, N. Platt, V. Plyusnin, M. Podesta, G. Pokol, F.M. Poli, O.G. Pompilian, M. Poradzinski, M. Porkolab, C. Porosnicu, G. Poulipoulis, A.S. Poulsen, I. Predebon, A. Previti, D. Primetzhofer, G. Provatas, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, K. Purahoo, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, A. Quercia, G. Radulescu, V. Radulovic, R. Ragona, M. Rainford, P. Raj, M. Rasinski, D. Rasmussen, J. Rasmussen, J.J. Rasmussen, A. Raso, G. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Réfy, R. Reichle, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, C. Reux, S. Reynolds, D. Rigamonti, E. Righi, F.G. Rimini, J. Risner, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.M. Roach, J. Roberts, R. Robins, S. Robinson, D. Robson, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, E. Rose, C. Rose-Innes, R. Rossi, S. Rowe, D. Rowlands, C. Rowley, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, M. Rud, J. Ruiz Ruiz, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, A. Sahlberg, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, F. Sanchez, I. Sanders, D. Sandiford, F. Sanni, O. Sauter, P. Sauvan, G. Schettini, A. Shevelev, A.A. Schekochihin, K. Schmid, B.S. Schmidt, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, P.A. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, D. Scoon, S. Scully, M. Segato, J. Seidl, L. Senni, J. Seo, G. Sergienko, M. Sertoli, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, R. Shaw, H. Sheikh, U. Sheikh, N. Shi, P. Shigin, D. Shiraki, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, A. Silva, C. Silva, J. Silva, D. Silvagni, D. Simfukwe, J. Simpson, P. Sirén, A. Sirinelli, H. Sjöstrand, N. Skinner, J. Slater, T. Smart, R.D. Smirnov, N. Smith, P. Smith, T. Smith, J. Snell, L. Snoj, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, C. Sommariva, K. Soni, M. Sos, J. Sousa, C. Sozzi, T. Spelzini, F. Spineanu, L. Spolladore, D. Spong, C. Srinivasan, G. Staebler, A. Stagni, I. Stamatelatos, M.F. Stamp, Ž. Štancar, P.A. Staniec, G. Stankūnas, M. Stead, B. Stein-Lubrano, A. Stephen, J. Stephens, P. Stevenson, C. Steventon, M. Stojanov, D.A. St-Onge, P. Strand, S. Strikwerda, C.I. Stuart, S. Sturgeon, H.J. Sun, S. Surendran, W. Suttrop, J. Svensson, J. Svoboda, R. Sweeney, G. Szepesi, M. Szoke, T. Tadić, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, K. Tanaka, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, A.S. Teimane, G. Telesca, A. Teplukhina, A. Terra, D. Terranova, N. Terranova, D. Testa, B. Thomas, V.K. Thompson, A. Thorman, A.S. Thrysoe, W. Tierens, R.A. Tinguely, A. Tipton, H. Todd, M. Tomeš, A. Tookey, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya, L.-P. Turică, A. Turner, I. Turner, M. Turner, M.M. Turner, G. Tvalashvili, A. Tykhyy, S. Tyrrell, A. Uccello, V. Udintsev, A. Vadgama, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, M. Van Berkel, K.L. van de Plassche, M. van Rossem, D. Van Eester, J. Varela, J. Varje, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Vayakis, M. Vecsei, J. Vega, M. Veis, P. Veis, S. Ventre, M. Veranda, G. Verdoolaege, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, R. Vila, R. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voldiner, U. Von Toussaint, P. Vondráček, B. Wakeling, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, R. Walton, E. Wang, F. Warren, R. Warren, J. Waterhouse, C. Watts, T. Webster, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, N. Wendler, A. West, M. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. Whitehead, D. Whittaker, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Willensdorfer, J. Williams, I. Wilson, T. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, A. Withycombe, D. Witts, A. Wojcik-Gargula, E. Wolfrum, R. Wood, R. Woodley, R. Worrall, I. Wyss, T. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, Y. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, I. Young, R. Young, B. Zaar, R.J. Zabolockis, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, A. Zarins, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, K.-D. Zastrow, Y. Zayachuk, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zocco, V.K. Zotta, M. Zuin, W. Zwingmann, and I. Zychor
Subjects: magnetic fusion, JET-ILW, D–T, tritium, alpha particles, fusion prediction, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: In 2021 JET exploited its unique capabilities to operate with T and D–T fuel with an ITER-like Be/W wall (JET-ILW). This second major JET D–T campaign (DTE2), after DTE1 in 1997, represented the culmination of a series of JET enhancements—new fusion diagnostics, new T injection capabilities, refurbishment of the T plant, increased auxiliary heating, in-vessel calibration of 14 MeV neutron yield monitors—as well as significant advances in plasma theory and modelling in the fusion community. DTE2 was complemented by a sequence of isotope physics campaigns encompassing operation in pure tritium at high T-NBI power. Carefully conducted for safe operation with tritium, the new T and D–T experiments used 1 kg of T (vs 100 g in DTE1), yielding the most fusion reactor relevant D–T plasmas to date and expanding our understanding of isotopes and D–T mixture physics. Furthermore, since the JET T and DTE2 campaigns occurred almost 25 years after the last major D–T tokamak experiment, it was also a strategic goal of the European fusion programme to refresh operational experience of a nuclear tokamak to prepare staff for ITER operation. The key physics results of the JET T and DTE2 experiments, carried out within the EUROfusion JET1 work package, are reported in this paper. Progress in the technological exploitation of JET D–T operations, development and validation of nuclear codes, neutronic tools and techniques for ITER operations carried out by EUROfusion (started within the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme and continuing under the Horizon Europe FP) are reported in (Litaudon et al Nucl. Fusion accepted), while JET experience on T and D–T operations is presented in (King et al Nucl. Fusion submitted).
Published: 2024
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6. Helium plasma operations on ASDEX Upgrade and JET in support of the non-nuclear phases of ITER

Author: A. Hakola, M. Balden, M. Baruzzo, R. Bisson, S. Brezinsek, T. Dittmar, D. Douai, M. Dunne, L. Garzotti, M. Groth, R. Henriques, L. Horvath, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, K. Krieger, B. Labit, M. Lennholm, J. Likonen, A. Loarte, P. Lomas, C. Lowry, M. Maslov, D. Matveev, R.A. Pitts, U. Plank, M. Rasinski, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, S. Silburn, E.R. Solano, W. Suttrop, T. Tala, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, T. Wauters, A. Widdowson, M. Wischmeier, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, and JET Contributors
Subjects: helium plasma, H-mode, tungsten fuzz, erosion, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: For its initial operational phase, ITER has until recently considered using non-nuclear hydrogen (H) or helium (He) plasmas to keep nuclear activation at low levels. To this end, the Tokamak Exploitation Task Force of the EUROfusion Consortium carried out dedicated experimental campaigns in He on the ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) and JET tokamaks in 2022, with particular emphasis put on the ELMy H-mode operation and plasma-wall interaction processes as well as comparison to H or deuterium (D) plasmas. Both in pure He and mixed He + H plasmas, H-mode operation could be reached but more effort was needed to obtain a stable plasma scenario than in H or D. Even if the power threshold for the LH transition was lower in He, entering the type-I ELMy regime appeared to require equally much or even more heating power than in H. Suppression of ELMs by resonant magnetic perturbations was studied on AUG but was only possible in plasmas with a He content below 19%; the reason for this unexpected behaviour remains still unclear and various theoretical approaches are being pursued to properly understand the physics behind ELM suppression. The erosion rates of tungsten (W) plasma-facing components were an order of magnitude larger than what has been reported in hydrogenic plasmas, which can be attributed to the prominent role of He ^2+ ions in the plasma. For the first time, the formation of nanoscale structures (W fuzz) was unambiguously demonstrated in H-mode He plasmas on AUG. However, no direct evidence of fuzz creation on JET was obtained despite the main conditions for its occurrence being met. The reason could be a delicate balance between W erosion by ELMs, competition between the growth and annealing of the fuzz, and coverage of the surface with co-deposits.
Published: 2024
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7. Isotope mass scaling and transport comparison between JET Deuterium and Tritium L-mode plasmas

Author: T. Tala, A.E. Järvinen, C.F. Maggi, P. Mantica, A. Mariani, A. Salmi, I.S. Carvalho, A. Chomiczewska, E. Delabie, F. Devasagayam, J. Ferreira, W. Gromelski, N. Hawkes, L. Horvath, J. Karhunen, D. King, A. Kirjasuo, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, S. Leerink, M. Lennholm, B. Lomanowski, M. Maslov, S. Menmuir, R.B. Morales, R. Sharma, H. Sun, K. Tanaka, and JET Contributors
Subjects: isotope mass scaling, Deuterium and Tritium, confinement and transport, JET, dimensionless scaling, heat and particle transport, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: The dimensionless isotope mass scaling experiment between pure Deuterium and pure Tritium plasmas with matched $\rho^*$ , $\nu^*$ , β _n , q and $T_e/T_i$ has been achieved in JET L-mode with dominant electron heating (NBI+ohmic) conditions. 28% higher scaled energy confinement time $B_t\tau_{E,\mathrm{th}}/A$ is found in favour of the Tritium plasma. This can be cast in the form of the dimensionless energy confinement scaling law as $\Omega_i \tau_{E,\mathrm{th}} \sim A^{0.48 \pm 0.16}$ . This significant isotope mass scaling is consequently seen in the scaled one-fluid heat diffusion coefficient $A \chi_{\mathrm{eff}}/B_t$ which is around 50% lower in the Tritium plasma throughout the whole plasma radius. The isotope mass dependence in the particle transport channel is negligible, supported also by the perturbative particle transport analysis with gas puff modulation. The comparison of the edge particle fuelling or ionisation profiles from the EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations show that the absolute density differences that are necessary for the dimensionless match in the confined plasma dominate over any isotope mass dependencies of particle fuelling and ionization profiles at the plasma edge. Local GENE simulation results indicate a mild anti-gyroBohm effect at $\rho_\mathrm{tor}$ = 0.6 and thereby a small isotope mass dependence in favour of Tritium on heat transport and a negligible effect on particle transport. A significant fraction of the isotope scaling and reduced heat transport observed in the Tritium plasma is not captured in the GENE and ASTRA-TGLF-SAT2 simulations by simply changing the isotope mass for the same input profiles.
Published: 2023
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8. Comparison of momentum transport in matched hydrogen and deuterium H-mode plasmas in ASDEX Upgrade

Author: C.F.B. Zimmermann, R.M. McDermott, C. Angioni, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, E. Fable, A. Salmi, U. Stroth, T. Tala, G. Tardini, T. Pütterich, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: momentum transport, ASDEX Upgrade, intrinsic torque, plasma rotation, isotope dependence, residual stress, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Advanced momentum transport analysis is used to study matched hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) plasmas in the core of ASDEX Upgrade. The aim is to validate gyrokinetic theory and assess a possible isotope dependence. The methodology extracts momentum diffusion, convection, and intrinsic torque as a function of time from experiments employing neutral beam injection (NBI) modulation. H and D plasma scenarios with comparable ion heat fluxes, NBI torque, electron densities, and several dimensionless parameters were designed to highlight any mass dependency. Linear gyrokinetic simulations predict that, for similar background gradients, the Prandtl and pinch numbers should be similar for H and D. This was confirmed by the experimental momentum transport analyses. The assessed intrinsic torques were found to be similar between H and D, co-current directed and located near the outermost region of the plasma core. The strength of the intrinsic torque is correlated with the amplitude of the plasma pressure gradient in the pedestal. Finally, a robust error analysis demonstrates the uniqueness of the parameters obtained together with their uncertainties. Neglecting the intrinsic torque, or its time dependence, systematically distorts the assessed momentum diffusion and convection. This is the first method to separate all three transport mechanisms from experimental data by retaining their time dependencies, that is found to match, quantitatively, the gyrokinetic predictions for Prandtl and pinch numbers, within experimental uncertainties.
Published: 2023
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9. Experimental determination of the three components of toroidal momentum transport in the core of a tokamak plasma

Author: C.F.B. Zimmermann, R.M. McDermott, C. Angioni, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, E. Fable, T. Luda, A. Salmi, U. Stroth, T. Tala, G. Tardini, T. Pütterich, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Subjects: momentum transport, tokamak, intrinsic torque, residual stress, perturbation experiment, ASDEX Upgrade, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: A new approach to infer the momentum transport in tokamak core plasmas via perturbation experiments is presented. For the first time, the analysis self-consistently includes all momentum transport components and their time dependencies, which are essential to separate the momentum fluxes and closely match the experiment. The quantitative agreement between the experimentally inferred transport coefficients and the gyrokinetic predictions provides an unprecedented validation. This work shows that the new methodology and gyrokinetic predictions can now be utilized on the route to physics-based prediction of momentum transport in future reactor plasmas.
Published: 2023
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10. Global scaling of the heat transport in fusion plasmas

Author: Sara Moradi, Johan Anderson, Michele Romanelli, Hyun-Tae Kim, JET contributors, X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, K. M. Aggarwal, T. Ahlgren, J. H. Ahn, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, R. Albanese, V. Aldred, D. Alegre, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, A. Alfier, A. Alkseev, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, L. Amicucci, V. Amosov, E. Andersson Sundén, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, C. Angioni, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, P. Arena, M. Ariola, H. Arnichand, S. Arshad, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, O. Asunta, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, M. Bacharis, A. Baciero, D. Baião, S. Bailey, A. Baker, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, R. Bament, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, M. A. Barnard, D. Barnes, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, A. Baron Wiechec, L. Barrera Orte, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, M. Bassan, R. Bastow, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, R. Baughan, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, J. Beal, P. S. Beaumont, M. Beckers, B. Beckett, A. Becoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, K. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, É. Belonohy, N. Ben Ayed, N. A. Benterman, H. Bergsȧker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, C. Besliu, M. Beurskens, B. Bieg, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, M. Bigi, P. Bìlkovà, F. Binda, A. Bisoffi, J. P. S. Bizarro, C. Björkas, J. Blackburn, K. Blackman, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, G. Bodnàr, O. Bogar, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, F. Bonelli, J. Boom, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, A. Botrugno, C. Bottereau, P. Boulting, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, C. Bower, C. Bowman, T. Boyce, C. Boyd, H. J. Boyer, J. M. A. Bradshaw, V. Braic, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, S. Breton, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, M. Brix, W. Broeckx, M. Brombin, A. Brosawski, D. P. D. Brown, M. Brown, E. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, J. Buch, J. Buchanan, M. A. Buckley, R. Budny, H. Bufferand, M. Bulman, N. Bulmer, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, N. K. Butler, I. Bykov, J. Byrne, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, I. Calvo, Y. Camenen, P. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Cane, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, B. B. Carvalho, I. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F. J. Casson, C. Castaldo, N. Catarino, J. Caumont, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, K. Cave-Ayland, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, D. Chandra, C. S. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, S. C. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, G. Chitarin, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, E. Clark, M. Clark, R. Clarkson, D. Clatworthy, C. Clements, M. Cleverly, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. W. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, N. Conway, D. Coombs, D. Cooper, S. R. Cooper, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, A. S. Couchman, M. P. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, R. Craven, F. Crisanti, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, R. Crowe, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, M. Curuia, A. Czarnecka, H. Dabirikhah, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, D. Darrow, O. Davies, W. Davis, C. Day, I. E. Day, M. De Bock, A. de Castro, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, G. De Masi, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, P. de Vries, K. Deakin, J. Deane, F. Degli Agostini, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, N. den Harder, R. O. Dendy, J. Denis, P. Denner, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, F. Di Maio, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, P. Dinca, R. Dinca, B. Ding, T. Dittmar, H. Doerk, R. P. Doerner, T. Donné, S. E. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, S. Doswon, D. Douai, P. T. Doyle, A. Drenik, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, Ph. Duckworth, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, I. Duran, F. Durodié, P. Dutta, B. P. Duval, R. Dux, K. Dylst, N. Dzysiuk, P. V. Edappala, J. Edmond, A. M. Edwards, J. Edwards, Th. Eich, A. Ekedahl, R. El-Jorf, C. G. Elsmore, M. Enachescu, G. Ericsson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L. G. Eriksson, B. Esposito, S. Esquembri, H. G. Esser, D. Esteve, B. Evans, G. E. Evans, G. Evison, G. D. Ewart, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Falie, A. Fanni, A. Fasoli, J. M. Faustin, N. Fawlk, L. Fazendeiro, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, K. Fenton, A. Fernades, H. Fernandes, J. Ferreira, J. A. Fessey, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Field, S. Fietz, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, P. Finburg, M. Firdaouss, U. Fischer, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, K. Flinders, N. Fonnesu, J. M. Fontdecaba, A. Formisano, L. Forsythe, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, S. Foster, T. Franke, T. Franklin, M. Frasca, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, D. Frigione, V. Fuchs, D. Fuller, S. Futatani, J. Fyvie, K. Gàl, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Gallagher, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, X. Gao, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garca-Munoz, J.-L. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, D. F. Gear, S. J. Gee, B. Geiger, M. Gelfusa, S. Gerasimov, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Ghate, M. Gherendi, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, T. Giegerich, C. Gil, L. Gil, S. Gilligan, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, J. B. Girardo, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glöggler, J. Godwin, J. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod'ko, R. Gomes, B. Goncalves, M. Goniche, M. Goodliffe, A. Goodyear, G. Gorini, M. Gosk, R. Goulding, A. Goussarov, R. Gowland, B. Graham, M. E. Graham, J. P. Graves, N. Grazier, P. Grazier, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, B. Grierson, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, D. Grist, M. Groth, R. Grove, C. N. Grundy, J. Grzonka, D. Guard, C. Guérard, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, C. Gurl, H. H. Utoh, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, A. Hagar, R. Hager, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, S. J. Hall, S. P. Hallworth Cook, C. Hamlyn-Harris, K. Hammond, C. Harrington, J. Harrison, D. Harting, F. Hasenbeck, Y. Hatano, D. R. Hatch, T. D. V. Haupt, J. Hawes, N. C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, P. Hawkins, P. W. Haydon, N. Hayter, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, K. Heinola, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, S. S. Henderson, R. Henriques, D. Hepple, G. Hermon, P. Hertout, C. Hidalgo, E. G. Highcock, M. Hill, J. Hillairet, J. Hillesheim, D. Hillis, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, D. A. Homfray, J. Horàcek, G. Hornung, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, P. J. Howarth, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, M. Hughes, G. T. A. Huijsmans, C. L. Hunter, P. Huynh, A. M. Hynes, D. Iglesias, N. Imazawa, F. Imbeaux, M. Imrìŝek, M. Incelli, P. Innocente, M. Irishkin, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, J. Jansons, A. Jardin, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, S. Jednoróq, I. Jenkins, C. Jeong, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, Jane Johnston, L. Joita, G. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, K. K. Hoshino, A. Kallenbach, K. Kamiya, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, I. Karnowska, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Y. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D. L. Keeling, T. Keenan, J. Keep, M. Kempenaars, C. Kennedy, D. Kenny, J. Kent, O. N. Kent, E. Khilkevich, H. T. Kim, H. S. Kim, A. Kinch, C. King, D. King, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, A. Kirk, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, G. Kizane, C. Klepper, A. Klix, P. Knight, S. J. Knipe, S. Knott, T. Kobuchi, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, I. Kodeli, L. Kogan, D. Kogut, S. Koivuranta, Y. Kominis, M. Köppen, B. Kos, T. Koskela, H. R. Koslowski, M. Koubiti, M. Kovari, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, N. Krawczyk, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Ksiazek, A. Kukushkin, A. Kundu, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, R. Kwiatkowski, O. J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, N. Lam, H. T. Lambertz, C. Lane, P. T. Lang, S. Lanthaler, J. Lapins, A. Lasa, J. R. Last, E. Laszynska, R. Lawless, A. Lawson, K. D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, J. Leddy, S. Lee, X. Lefebvre, H. J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, D. Leichtle, P. Leichuer, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, S. Lesnoj, E. Letellier, M. Leyland, W. Leysen, L. Li, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, J. Linke, Ch. Linsmeier, B. Lipschultz, G. Liu, Y. Liu, V. P. Lo Schiavo, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, B. Lomanowski, P. J. Lomas, J. Lönnroth, J. M. López, J. López-Razola, R. Lorenzini, U. Losada, J. J. Lovell, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukin, C. Luna, M. Lungaroni, C. P. Lungu, M. Lungu, A. Lunniss, I. Lupelli, A. Lyssoivan, N. Macdonald, P. Macheta, K. Maczewa, B. Magesh, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, T. Makkonen, R. Makwana, A. Malaquias, A. Malizia, P. Manas, A. Manning, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, Y. Marandet, N. Marcenko, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, M. Marinelli, M. Marinucci, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, L. Marot, C. A. Marren, R. Marshal, A. Martin, Y. Martin, A. Martín de Aguilera, F. J. Martínez, J. R. Martín-Solís, Y. Martynova, S. Maruyama, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, S. Matejcik, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, T. May-Smith, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P. J. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, O. McCormack, P. A. McCullen, D. McDonald, S. McIntosh, R. McKean, J. McKehon, R. C. Meadows, A. Meakins, F. Medina, M. Medland, S. Medley, S. Meigh, A. G. Meigs, G. Meisl, S. Meitner, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, I. R. Merrigan, Ph. Mertens, S. Meshchaninov, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, S. Mianowski, R. Michling, D. Middleton-Gear, J. Miettunen, F. Militello, E. Militello-Asp, G. Miloshevsky, F. Mink, S. Minucci, Y. Miyoshi, J. Mlynàr, D. Molina, I. Monakhov, M. Moneti, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, S. Mordijck, L. Moreira, R. Moreno, F. Moro, A. W. Morris, J. Morris, L. Moser, S. Mosher, D. Moulton, A. Murari, A. Muraro, S. Murphy, N. N. Asakura, Y. S. Na, F. Nabais, R. Naish, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, I. Nedzelski, G. Nemtsev, F. Nespoli, A. Neto, R. Neu, V. S. Neverov, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, T. Nicolas, A. H. Nielsen, P. Nielsen, E. Nilsson, D. Nishijima, C. Noble, M. Nocente, D. Nodwell, K. Nordlund, H. Nordman, R. Nouailletas, I. Nunes, M. Oberkofler, T. Odupitan, M. T. Ogawa, T. O'Gorman, M. Okabayashi, R. Olney, O. Omolayo, M. O'Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, J. Orszagh, B. I. Oswuigwe, R. Otin, A. Owen, R. Paccagnella, N. Pace, D. Pacella, L. W. Packer, A. Page, E. Pajuste, S. Palazzo, S. Pamela, S. Panja, P. Papp, R. Paprok, V. Parail, M. Park, F. Parra Diaz, M. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, A. Patel, S. Pathak, D. Paton, H. Patten, A. Pau, E. Pawelec, C. Paz Soldan, A. Peackoc, I. J. Pearson, S.-P. Pehkonen, E. Peluso, C. Penot, A. Pereira, R. Pereira, P. P. Pereira Puglia, C. Perez von Thun, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyi, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, A. Petre, N. Petrella, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, D. Pfefferlé, V. Philipps, M. Pillon, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, A. Pires dos Reis, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, F. Pizzo, V. Plyusnin, N. Pomaro, O. G. Pompilian, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, M. T. Porfiri, C. Porosnicu, M. Porton, G. Possnert, S. Potzel, T. Powell, J. Pozzi, V. Prajapati, R. Prakash, G. Prestopino, D. Price, M. Price, R. Price, P. Prior, R. Proudfoot, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, M. E. Puiatti, D. Pulley, K. Purahoo, Th. Pütterich, E. Rachlew, M. Rack, R. Ragona, M. S. J. Rainford, A. Rakha, G. Ramogida, S. Ranjan, C. J. Rapson, J. J. Rasmussen, K. Rathod, G. Rattà, S. Ratynskaia, G. Ravera, C. Rayner, M. Rebai, D. Reece, A. Reed, D. Réfy, B. Regan, J. Regana, M. Reich, N. Reid, F. Reimold, M. Reinhart, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, D. Rendell, C. Reux, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, S. Reynolds, V. Riccardo, N. Richardson, K. Riddle, D. Rigamonti, F. G. Rimini, J. Risner, M. Riva, C. Roach, R. J. Robins, S. A. Robinson, T. Robinson, D. W. Robson, R. Roccella, R. Rodionov, P. Rodrigues, J. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, F. Romanelli, M. Romanelli, S. 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Ul-Abidin, J. Uljanovs, D. Ulyatt, H. Urano, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. P. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, M. Valentinuzzi, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos Olivares, M. Valovic, M. Van De Mortel, D. Van Eester, W. Van Renterghem, G. J. van Rooij, J. Varje, S. Varoutis, S. Vartanian, K. Vasava, T. Vasilopoulou, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, R. Verhoeven, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, S. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, I. Vinyar, B. Viola, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, P. Vondràcek, N. Vora, T. Vu, W. W. Pires de Sa, B. Wakeling, C. W. F. Waldon, N. Walkden, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, E. Wang, N. Wang, S. Warder, R. J. Warren, J. Waterhouse, N. W. Watkins, C. Watts, T. Wauters, A. Weckmann, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, C. Wellstood, A. T. West, M. R. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. M. Whitehead, B. D. Whitehead, A. M. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, J. Wilkinson, J. Williams, M. Williams, A. R. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, J. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, G. Withenshaw, A. Withycombe, D. M. Witts, D. Wood, R. Wood, C. Woodley, S. Wray, J. Wright, J. C. Wright, J. Wu, S. Wukitch, A. Wynn, T. Xu, D. Yadikin, W. Yanling, L. Yao, V. Yavorskij, M. G. Yoo, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, R. Young, J. Zacks, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, R. Zanino, A. Zarins, K. D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E. Zilli, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, and I. Zychor
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A global heat flux model based on a fractional derivative of plasma pressure is proposed for the heat transport in fusion plasmas. The degree of the fractional derivative of the heat flux, α, is defined through the power balance analysis of the steady state. The model was used to obtain the experimental values of α for a large database of the Joint European Torus (JET) carbon-wall as well as ITER like-wall plasmas. The fractional degrees of the electron heat flux are found to be α
Published: 2020
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11. A Pressure-Based Model for Two-Phase Flows Under Generic Equations of State

Author: White, Martin, El Samad, Tala, Karathanassis, Ioannis, Sayma, Abdulnaser, Pini, Matteo, Guardone, Alberto, White, M ( Martin ), El Samad, T ( Tala ), Karathanassis, I ( Ioannis ), Sayma, A ( Abdulnaser ), Pini, M ( Matteo ), Guardone, A ( Alberto ), Re, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-2053, Sirianni, Giuseppe; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-512X, Abgrall, Remi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-7476, White, Martin, El Samad, Tala, Karathanassis, Ioannis, Sayma, Abdulnaser, Pini, Matteo, Guardone, Alberto, White, M ( Martin ), El Samad, T ( Tala ), Karathanassis, I ( Ioannis ), Sayma, A ( Abdulnaser ), Pini, M ( Matteo ), Guardone, A ( Alberto ), Re, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-2053, Sirianni, Giuseppe; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-512X, and Abgrall, Remi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-7476
Abstract: We present a diffuse interface method for a pressure-based Baer-Nunziato type model for compressible two-phase flows, which allows the use of generic equations of state to describe each phase. The model is made dimensionless by means of a special pressure scaling that recovers the correct scaling of the discrete governing equations in the zero Mach limit, and overcomes the difficulties related to the lack of a clear notion of reference speed of sound in non-equilibrium two-phase flows. The model is equipped with pressure and velocity relaxation terms to impose the mechanical equilibrium between phases after their independent evolution. Two different finite volume schemes are presented. First, a 1D semi-implicit staggered scheme is introduced to show the capability of the model to work with the Peng-Robinson EOS when each phase evolves close to the saturation curve. Then, a preliminary 2D explicit scheme, which does not include the relaxation terms, is presented as a first step toward the development of an unstructured 2D scheme for compressible two-phase flows at all Mach numbers. The validity of the preliminary 2D monolithic implementation of the hyperbolic operator is illustrated through the simulation of a shock-bubble interaction with air and helium. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Published: 2023

12. A multiple-time-scale approach to the control of ITBs on JET.

Author: Didier Mazon, Didier Moreau, Laurent Laborde, T. Tala, and Marco Ariola
Published: 2006
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13. Role of NBI fuelling in contributing to density peaking between the ICRH and NBI identity plasmas on JET

Author: T. Tala, F. Eriksson, P. Mantica, A. Mariani, A. Salmi, E.R. Solano, I.S. Carvalho, A. Chomiczewska, E. Delabie, J. Ferreira, E. Fransson, L. Horvath, P. Jacquet, D. King, A. Kirjasuo, S. Leerink, E. Lerche, C. Maggi, M. Marin, M. Maslov, S. Menmuir, R.B. Morales, V. Naulin, M.F.F. Nave, H. Nordman, C. Perez von Thun, P.A. Schneider, M. Sertoli, K. Tanaka, JET Contributors, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, JET, CNR-ENEA-EURATOM Association, University of Milan - Bicocca, CIEMAT, University of Lisbon, IPPLM, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Military Academy, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Technical University of Denmark, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Tokamak Energy Ltd, National Institute for Fusion Science, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Tala, T, Eriksson, F, Mantica, P, Mariani, A, Salmi, A, Solano, E, Carvalho, I, Chomiczewska, A, Delabie, E, Ferreira, J, Fransson, E, Horvath, L, Jacquet, P, King, D, Kirjasuo, A, Leerink, S, Lerche, E, Maggi, C, Marin, M, Maslov, M, Menmuir, S, Morales, R, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nordman, H, Perez Von Thun, C, Schneider, P, Sertoli, M, Tanaka, K, Contributors, J, and JET Contributors
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Other Physics Topics, dimensioness identity plasma, particle transport, NBI fuelling, particle transport modelling, Energy Engineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, density peaking
Abstract: Density peaking has been studied between an ICRH and NBI identity plasma in JET. The comparison shows that 8 MW of NBI heating/fueling increases the density peaking by a factor of two, being R/L n = 0.45 for the ICRH pulse and R/L n = 0.93 for the NBI one averaged radially over ρ tor = 0.4, 0.8. The dimensionless profiles of q, ρ *, υ *, β n and T i/T e ≈ 1 were matched within 5% difference except in the central part of the plasma (ρ tor < 0.3). The difference in the curvature pinch (same q-profile) and thermo-pinch (T i = T e) between the ICRH and NBI discharges is virtually zero. Both the gyro-kinetic simulations and integrated modelling strongly support the experimental result where the NBI fuelling is the main contributor to the density peaking for this identity pair. It is to be noted here that the integrated modeling does not reproduce the measured electron density profiles, but approximately reproduces the difference in the density profiles between the ICRH and NBI discharge. Based on these modelling results and the analyses, the differences between the two pulses in impurities, fast ions (FIs), toroidal rotation and radiation do not cause any such changes in the background transport that would invalidate the experimental result where the NBI fuelling is the main contributor to the density peaking. This result of R/L n increasing by a factor of 2 per 8 MW of NBI power is valid for the ion temperature gradient dominated low power H-mode plasmas. However, some of the physics processes influencing particle transport, like rotation, turbulence and FI content scale with power, and therefore, the simple scaling on the role of the NBI fuelling in JET is not necessarily the same under higher power conditions or in larger devices.
Published: 2022

14. Electron density pedestal behaviour in strike-point sweeping experiment on JET

Author: A Salmi, T Tala, R B Morales, I Carvalho, and P J Lomas
Subjects: fusion, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, particle transport, strike-point sweeping, Condensed Matter Physics, tokamak
Abstract: Strike-point sweeping, a technique often used to spread heat loads on divertor targets, was employed in JET experiments for the first time to generate an edge-localized modulated particle source for investigating plasma fuelling and particle transport in the edge region. This approach was motivated by the possibility of achieving higher modulation frequencies than those available from traditional gas puff modulation at JET. Higher frequencies would enable the collection of more edge-localized information from the electron density response to the modulated particle source. Various sweeping frequencies, up to 18.5 Hz, were commissioned and utilized in the experiments. Both strong and weak electron density responses were observed in H-mode plasmas, depending on the strike-point configuration and the distance the strike-points moved during the sweep cycle. The electron density response exhibited complex and unconventional behaviour (compared to gas puff modulation), which presented challenges for interpretation. In this study, we analyse one experiment in detail using an optimization framework in which transport and particle source parameters are determined by fitting our forward model parameters to the experimental electron density measurements. We demonstrate that a consistent picture emerges and that our approach can provide new insights into these complex data. However, we note that while strike-point sweeping generates the desired modulated edge-localized particle source, it also modifies the properties of the edge transport barrier. Therefore, the strike-point sweeping methodology is a promising but challenging way to study edge particle transport and edge fuelling properties, requiring very precise measurements.
Published: 2023

15. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: M. E. Fenstermacher, J. Abbate, S. Abe, T. Abrams, M. Adams, B. Adamson, N. Aiba, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, E. Allen, S. Allen, H. Anand, J. Anderson, Y. Andrew, T. Andrews, D. Appelt, R. Arbon, N. Ashikawa, A. Ashourvan, M. Aslin, Y. Asnis, M. Austin, D. Ayala, J. Bak, I. Bandyopadhyay, S. Banerjee, K. Barada, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, E. Bass, D. Battaglia, A. Battey, W. Baumgartner, L. Baylor, J. Beckers, M. Beidler, E. Belli, J. Berkery, T. Bernard, N. Bertelli, M. Beurskens, R. Bielajew, S. Bilgili, B. Biswas, S. Blondel, J. Boedo, I. Bogatu, R. Boivin, T. Bolzonella, M. Bongard, X. Bonnin, P. Bonoli, M. Bonotto, A. Bortolon, S. Bose, N. Bosviel, S. Bouwmans, M. Boyer, W. Boyes, L. Bradley, R. Brambila, D. Brennan, S. Bringuier, L. Brodsky, M. Brookman, J. Brooks, D. Brower, G. Brown, W. Brown, M. Burke, K. Burrell, K. Butler, R. Buttery, I. Bykov, P. Byrne, A. Cacheris, K. Callahan, J. Callen, G. Campbell, J. Candy, J. Canik, P. Cano-Megias, N. Cao, L. Carayannopoulos, T. Carlstrom, W. Carrig, T. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, G. Cespedes Paz, R. Chaban, V. Chan, B. Chapman, I. Char, A. Chattopadhyay, R. Chen, J. Chen, X. Chen, M. Chen, Z. Chen, M. Choi, W. Choi, G. Choi, L. Chousal, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, Y. Chung, R. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, J. Clark, M. Clement, S. Coda, A. Cole, C. Collins, W. Conlin, A. Cooper, J. Cordell, B. Coriton, T. Cote, J. Cothran, A. Creely, N. Crocker, C. Crowe, B. Crowley, T. Crowley, D. Cruz-Zabala, D. Cummings, M. Curie, D. Curreli, A. Dal Molin, B. Dannels, A. Dautt-Silva, K. Davda, G. De Tommasi, P. De Vries, G. Degrandchamp, J. Degrassie, D. Demers, S. Denk, S. Depasquale, E. Deshazer, A. Diallo, S. Diem, A. Dimits, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, T. Do, J. Doane, G. Dong, D. Donovan, J. Drake, W. Drews, J. Drobny, X. Du, H. Du, V. Duarte, D. Dudt, C. Dunn, J. Duran, A. Dvorak, F. Effenberg, N. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, R. Ellis, W. Elwasif, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. Ernst, M. Fasciana, D. Fedorov, E. Feibush, N. Ferraro, J. Ferreira, J. Ferron, P. Fimognari, D. Finkenthal, R. Fitzpatrick, P. Fox, W. Fox, L. Frassinetti, H. Frerichs, H. Frye, Y. Fu, K. Gage, J. Galdon Quiroga, A. Gallo, Q. Gao, A. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, D. Garnier, A. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, D. Geng, K. Gentle, D. Ghosh, L. Giacomelli, S. Gibson, E. Gilson, C. Giroud, F. Glass, A. Glasser, D. Glibert, P. Gohil, R. Gomez, S. Gomez, X. Gong, E. Gonzales, A. Goodman, Y. Gorelov, V. Graber, R. Granetz, T. Gray, D. Green, C. Greenfield, M. Greenwald, B. Grierson, R. Groebner, W. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. Grunloh, S. Gu, W. Guo, H. Guo, P. Gupta, J. Guterl, W. Guttenfelder, T. Guzman, S. Haar, R. Hager, S. Hahn, M. Halfmoon, T. Hall, K. Hallatschek, F. Halpern, G. Hammett, H. Han, E. Hansen, C. Hansen, M. Hansink, J. Hanson, M. Hanson, G. Hao, A. Harris, R. Harvey, S. Haskey, E. Hassan, A. Hassanein, D. Hatch, R. Hawryluk, W. Hayashi, W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, J. Hicok, D. Hill, E. Hinson, C. Holcomb, L. Holland, C. Holland, E. Hollmann, J. Hollocombe, A. Holm, I. Holmes, K. Holtrop, M. Honda, R. Hong, R. Hood, A. Horton, L. Horvath, M. Hosokawa, S. Houshmandyar, N. Howard, E. Howell, D. Hoyt, W. Hu, Y. Hu, Q. Hu, J. Huang, Y. Huang, J. Hughes, T. Human, D. Humphreys, P. Huynh, A. Hyatt, C. Ibanez, L. Ibarra, R. Icasas, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, O. Izacard, V. Izzo, A. Jackson, G. Jacobsen, A. Jaervinen, A. Jalalvand, J. Janhunen, S. Jardin, H. Jarleblad, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, E. Joffrin, A. Johansen, C. Johnson, T. Johnson, C. Jones, I. Joseph, D. Jubas, B. Junge, W. Kalb, R. Kalling, C. Kamath, J. Kang, D. Kaplan, A. Kaptanoglu, S. Kasdorf, J. Kates-Harbeck, P. Kazantzidis, A. Kellman, D. Kellman, C. Kessel, K. Khumthong, E. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, S. Kim, K. Kim, C. Kim, W. Kimura, M. King, J. King, J. Kinsey, A. Kirk, B. Kiyan, A. Kleiner, V. Klevarova, R. Knapp, M. Knolker, W. Ko, T. Kobayashi, E. Koch, M. Kochan, B. Koel, M. Koepke, A. Kohn, R. Kolasinski, E. 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R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, 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Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University, General Atomics, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Imperial College London, National Institute for Fusion Science, Universidade de São Paulo, University of Texas at Austin, ITER, College of William and Mary, University of California Los Angeles, University of California San Diego, Columbia University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Eindhoven University of Technology, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, West Virginia University, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, National Research Council of Italy, Stony Brook University, Purdue University, University of Seville, University of Science and Technology of China, Carnegie Mellon University, Institute for Plasma Research, Peking University, University of California Davis, University of California Irvine, Commonwealth Fusion Systems, University of Liverpool, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Milan - Bicocca, Georgia Institute of Technology, Southwestern Institute of Physics, University of Toronto, Auburn University, Polytechnic University of Turin, Universidade Lisboa, Association CCFE, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, San Diego State University, Durham University, Lehigh University, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Washington, Department of Applied Physics, Sandia National Laboratories, Ghent University, Technical University of Denmark, CEA, University of Colorado Boulder, Harvard University, National Technical University of Athens, Coventry University, University of Stuttgart, Czech Academy of Sciences, Harvey Mudd College, Seoul National University, Donghua University, University of York, Dalian University of Technology, University of California Berkeley, Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, University of British Columbia, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Michigan State University, University of Strathclyde, Pennsylvania State University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, University of Southern California, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Virginia, University of Naples Federico II, University of Oxford, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, National Institute of Technology, University of Connecticut, DIFFER, CIEMAT, Hanyang University, Brigham Young University, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Australian National University, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zhejiang University, The University of Tokyo, University of Michigan, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, DIII-D Team, Complex Ionized Media, Elementary Processes in Gas Discharges, Applied Physics and Science Education, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Control Systems Technology
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Technology and Engineering, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, TOKAMAKS, MITIGATION, law.invention, Plasma physics, mitigation, law, plasma physic, tokamak, Physics, Core-edge integration, Basis (linear algebra), plasma physics, core-edge integration, scenarios, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, SCENARIOS, fusion energy, Fusion energy
Abstract: Funding Information: This material is based upon work supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, using the DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a DOE Office of Science user facility, under Awards DE-FC02-04ER54698 and DE-AC52-07NA27344. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IAEA, Vienna. DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
Published: 2022

16. Infarctus cérébral et tuberculose : rapport d'un cas et analyse de la littérature

Author: E. Rouveix, Salim Trad, S. Greffe, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, T. Tala-Ighil, M. Delaroche, L. Coutte, and Thomas Hanslik
Subjects: Gynecology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, 0302 clinical medicine, Corticosteroid therapy, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
Abstract: Resume Introduction La tuberculose neuromeningee est une forme rare de tuberculose, mais reste une des presentations de plus mauvais pronostic. La survenue d'infarctus cerebraux dans ce contexte est un facteur aggravant. Observation Un homme asiatique de 48 ans se presentait aux urgences pour une dysarthrie accompagnee de troubles de la deglutition, d'installation rapidement progressive. Le scanner cerebral objectivait une lacune ischemique recente de la capsule interne droite. La ponction lombaire montrait une meningite a liquide clair hypoglycorachique. Des images thoraciques micronodulaires faisaient evoquer le diagnostic de tuberculose, qui etait confirme par le lavage broncho-alveolaire. Une quadritherapie antituberculeuse et une corticotherapie permettaient d'obtenir une amelioration clinique en quelques semaines. Conclusion Les infarctus cerebraux lors des tuberculoses neuromeningees sont des evenements dont il ne faut sous-estimer ni la frequence ni la gravite. Leur mauvais pronostic est du en partie a une prise en charge mal definie, qui associe traitement antituberculeux et corticotherapie precoce.
Published: 2020

17. Analysis and modelling of momentum transport based on NBI modulation experiments at ASDEX Upgrade

Author: C F B Zimmermann, R M McDermott, E Fable, C Angioni, B P Duval, R Dux, A Salmi, U Stroth, T Tala, G Tardini, T Pütterich, ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team
Subjects: electron heat-transport, toroidal rotation, turbulence, residual stress, intrinsic rotation, shear, suppression, discharges, Condensed Matter Physics, particle-transport, ddc, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, momentum transport, Physics::Plasma Physics, intrinsic torque, confinement, Paper, modulation experiment, plasma rotation, ASDEX Upgrade, coefficients, plasma
Abstract: The prediction of plasma rotation is of high interest for fusion research due to the effects of the rotation upon magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, impurities, and turbulent transport in general. In this work, an analysis method was studied and validated to reliably extract momentum transport coefficients from neutral beam injection (NBI) modulation experiments. To this end, a set of discharges was created with similar background profiles for the ion and electron temperatures, the heat fluxes, the electron density, and the plasma rotation that, therefore, should exhibit similar momentum transport coefficients. In these discharges, a range of temporal perturbations were imposed by modulating and varying the power deposition of the NBI, electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH), and ion-cyclotron-resonance heating (ICRH). The transport model including diffusion, convection, and residual stress was implemented within the ASTRA code. The Prandtl number P r = χ φ / χ i was assessed via the GKW code. A convective Coriolis pinch was fitted and the intrinsic torque from the residual stress was estimated. The obtained transport coefficients agree within error bars for sufficiently small imposed temperature perturbations, as would be expected, from the similar background profiles. This successful validation of the methodology opens the door to study the parametric dependence of the diffusive and convective momentum transport of the main ions of the plasma as well as the turbulent intrinsic torque in a future work.
Published: 2022

18. Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development

Author: U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion MST1 Team, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EUROfusion MST1 Team, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Stroth, U, Aguiam, D, Alessi, E, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Artigues, V, Asunta, O, Balden, M, Bandaru, V, Banon-Navarro, A, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bergmann, M, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Biancalani, A, Bielajew, R, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Body, T, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bortolon, A, Boswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van Den Brand, H, Brenzke, M, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Megias, P, Carlton, D, Carr, M, Carvalho, P, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Cazzaniga, C, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Cianfarani, C, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cote, T, Creely, A, Croci, G, Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Molin, A, David, P, Day, C, De Baar, M, De Marne, P, Delogu, R, Denk, S, Denner, P, Di Siena, A, Palacios Duran, J, Dunai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Encheva, A, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Farnik, M, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Ficker, O, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Froschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Funfgelder, H, Futatani, S, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Escola, D, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gloggler, S, Gobbin, M, Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gradic, D, Granucci, G, Grater, A, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gunter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Den Harder, N, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Hauer, V, Hayward-Schneider, T, Heinemann, B, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hofler, K, Holm, J, Holzl, M, Hopf, C, Horvath, L, Hoschen, T, Houben, A, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Hunger, K, Igochine, V, Iliasova, M, Ilkei, T, Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jaksic, N, Janky, F, Jansen Van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasemann, C, Kasilov, S, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Khilkevitch, E, Kirk, A, Hansen, S, Klevarova, V, Kocsis, G, Koleva, M, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Labit, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Leuthold, N, Li, L, Likonen, J, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Lu, Z, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Maceina, T, Madsen, J, Magnanimo, A, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Maj, O, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martitsch, A, Matos, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Milanesio, D, Cabrera, P, Monaco, F, Muraca, M, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Nazikian, R, Nem, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nishizawa, T, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Novikau, I, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Perez, I, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Paz-Soldan, C, Petersson, P, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plank, U, Plaum, B, Plock, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Riesch, J, Rittich, D, Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ronchi, G, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samoylov, O, Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Schall, G, Schluter, K, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schuster, C, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Seliunin, E, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Shevelev, A, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simpson, J, Sipila, S, Smigelskis, E, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stegmeir, A, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Strumberge, E, Lopez, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytova, E, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Teschke, M, Thoren, E, Tierens, W, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Trevisan, G, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Usoltceva, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Van Zeeland, M, Vannini, F, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Verdoolaege, G, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Voitsekhovitch, I, Von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, X, Weiland, M, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Yang, Q, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, W, Zholobenko, W, Zilker, M, Zito, A, Zohm, H, and Zoletnik, S
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Asdex Upgrade, confinement, ELLM-free discharges, sol, Computer science, Nuclear engineering, ALCATOR C-MOD, UPPER DIVERTOR, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Simulació per ordinador, alcator c-mod, ddc:530, upper divertor, ELLM-free discharge, SOL, Basis (linear algebra), Physics, turbulence, transition, h-mode plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Aplicacions informàtiques a la física i l‘enginyeria [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, CONFINEMENT MODES, H-MODE PLASMAS, Physics::Space Physics, Nuclear fusion, TURBULENCE, ddc:620, confinement modes, TRANSITION
Abstract: An overview of recent results obtained at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is given. A work flow for predictive profile modelling of AUG discharges was established which is able to reproduce experimental H-mode plasma profiles based on engineering parameters only. In the plasma center, theoretical predictions on plasma current redistribution by a dynamo effect were confirmed experimentally. For core transport, the stabilizing effect of fast ion distributions on turbulent transport is shown to be important to explain the core isotope effect and improves the description of hollow low-Z impurity profiles. The L–H power threshold of hydrogen plasmas is not affected by small helium admixtures and it increases continuously from the deuterium to the hydrogen level when the hydrogen concentration is raised from 0 to 100%. One focus of recent campaigns was the search for a fusion relevant integrated plasma scenario without large edge localised modes (ELMs). Results from six different ELM-free confinement regimes are compared with respect to reactor relevance: ELM suppression by magnetic perturbation coils could be attributed to toroidally asymmetric turbulent fluctuations in the vicinity of the separatrix. Stable improved confinement mode plasma phases with a detached inner divertor were obtained using a feedback control of the plasma β. The enhanced Dα H-mode regime was extended to higher heating power by feedback controlled radiative cooling with argon. The quasi-coherent exhaust regime was developed into an integrated scenario at high heating power and energy confinement, with a detached divertor and without large ELMs. Small ELMs close to the separatrix lead to peeling-ballooning stability and quasi continuous power exhaust. Helium beam density fluctuation measurements confirm that transport close to the separatrix is important to achieve the different ELM-free regimes. Based on separatrix plasma parameters and interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence, an analytic model was derived that reproduces the experimentally found important operational boundaries of the density limit and between L- and H-mode confinement. Feedback control for the X-point radiator (XPR) position was established as an important element for divertor detachment control. Stable and detached ELM-free phases with H-mode confinement quality were obtained when the XPR was moved 10 cm above the X-point. Investigations of the plasma in the future flexible snow-flake divertor of AUG by means of first SOLPS-ITER simulations with drifts activated predict beneficial detachment properties and the activation of an additional strike point by the drifts. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per més de 50 autors/es: U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D'Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo10, Y. Gao11, S. Garavaglia3, M. Garcia Muñoz16, B. Geiger21, L. Giannone1, S. Gibson32, L. Gil2, E. Giovannozzi18, S. Glöggler1, M. Gobbin8, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen4, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich1, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge1, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik and the EUROfusion MST1 Team "
Published: 2022

19. Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme

Author: H. Reimerdes, M. Agostini, E. Alessi, S. Alberti, Y. Andrebe, H. Arnichand, J. Balbin, F. Bagnato, M. Baquero-Ruiz, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, T.C. Blanken, J.A. Boedo, D. Brida, S. Brunner, C. Bogar, O. Bogar, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, F. Bouquey, C. Bowman, D. Brunetti, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, L. Calacci, Y. Camenen, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, R. Chandra, A. Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, O. Chellaï, P. Chmielewski, D. Choi, G. Ciraolo, I.G.J. Classen, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, A. Dal Molin, P. David, M.R. de Baar, J. Decker, W. Dekeyser, H. de Oliveira, D. Douai, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, O. Embreus, F. Eriksson, M. Faitsch, G. Falchetto, M. Farnik, A. Fasoli, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Fil, M. Fontana, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, I. Furno, D.S. Gahle, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, B. Geiger, M. Giacomin, G. Giruzzi, M. Gobbin, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, J.P. Graves, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Haelterman, A. Hakola, W. Han, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, S. Henderson, G.M.D. Hogeweij, J.-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, Z. Huang, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittweiser, H. Isliker, A. Jardin, R.J.E. Jaspers, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, Y. Kazakov, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, J.T. Lammers, E. Laribi, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, O. Linder, B. Linehan, B. Lipschultz, X. Llobet, J. Loizu, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, Y. Marandet, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, E.S. Marmar, Y. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Matos, R. Maurizio, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, G. Merlo, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, P.A. Molina Cabrera, J. Morales, J.-M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, H. Muhammed, O. Myatra, D. Mykytchuk, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, A.H. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Nowak, N. Offeddu, J. Olsen, F.P. Orsitto, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, A. Perek, F. Pesamosca, Y. Peysson, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Rabinski, H. Raj, J.J. Rasmussen, G.A. Rattá, T. Ravensbergen, D. Ricci, P. Ricci, N. Rispoli, F. Riva, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, M. Salewski, O. Sauter, B.S. Schmidt, R. Schrittweiser, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, A. Smolders, A. Snicker, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, A. Stagni, L. Stipani, G. Sun, T. Tala, P. Tamain, K. Tanaka, A. Tema Biwole, D. Terranova, J.L. Terry, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A. Thrysøe, H. Torreblanca, C.K. Tsui, D. Vaccaro, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, R.J.R. van Kampen, S. Van Mulders, K. Verhaegh, T. Verhaeghe, N. Vianello, F. Villone, E. Viezzer, B. Vincent, I. Voitsekhovitch, N.M.T. Vu, N. Walkden, T. Wauters, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, M. Wensing, F. Widmer, S. Wiesen, M. Wischmeier, T.A. Wijkamp, D. Wünderlich, C. Wüthrich, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, the EUROfusion MST1 Team, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Control Systems Technology, Liquid metal heat shields, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Group Heemels, Mechanical Engineering, Data Mining, EAISI Health, ICMS Affiliated, EAISI High Tech Systems, Applied Physics and Science Education, Reimerdes, H, Agostini, M, Alessi, E, Alberti, S, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Balbin, J, Bagnato, F, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Brida, D, Brunner, S, Bogar, C, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brunetti, D, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cerovsky, J, Chandra, R, Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi, A, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Ciraolo, G, Classen, I, Coda, S, Colandrea, C, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Baar, M, Decker, J, Dekeyser, W, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Eriksson, F, Faitsch, M, Falchetto, G, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giacomin, M, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Golfinopoulos, T, Goodman, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Griener, M, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Haelterman, R, Hakola, A, Han, W, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Henderson, S, Hogeweij, G, Hogge, J, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Innocente, P, Insulander Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittweiser, C, Isliker, H, Jardin, A, Jaspers, R, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kazakov, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Laguardia, L, Lammers, J, Laribi, E, Laszynska, E, Lazaros, A, Linder, O, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Loizu, J, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Marandet, Y, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Marmar, E, Martin, Y, Martinelli, L, Matos, F, Maurizio, R, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Merlo, G, Meyer, H, Mikszuta-Michalik, K, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Muhammed, H, Myatra, O, Mykytchuk, D, Napoli, F, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Olsen, J, Orsitto, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Pau, A, Perek, A, Pesamosca, F, Peysson, Y, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Poradzinski, M, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Raj, H, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ravensbergen, T, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Riva, F, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Salewski, M, Sauter, O, Schmidt, B, Schrittweiser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Sieglin, B, Silva, M, Smolders, A, Snicker, A, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stagni, A, Stipani, L, Sun, G, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tanaka, K, Tema Biwole, A, Terranova, D, Terry, J, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Torreblanca, H, Tsui, C, Vaccaro, D, Vallar, M, Van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Kampen, R, Van Mulders, S, Verhaegh, K, Verhaeghe, T, Vianello, N, Villone, F, Viezzer, E, Vincent, B, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Wensing, M, Widmer, F, Wiesen, S, Wischmeier, M, Wijkamp, T, Wunderlich, D, Wuthrich, C, Yanovskiy, V, and Zebrowski, J
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, feedback-control, Nuclear fusion, TCV, EUROfusion, ddc:620, plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, tokamak, nuclear fusion, QC
Abstract: The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019–20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include T e/T i ∼ 1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with ‘small’ (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019–20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.
Published: 2022

20. Poster for the Virtual 25th Joint EU-US TTF Meeting

Author: C. F. B. Zimmermann, R. M. Mcdermott, E. Fable, C. Angioni, B. P. Duval, R. Dux, A. Salmi, U. Stroth, T. Tala, G. Tardini, and T. Pütterich
Published: 2021
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21. Neutral beam optimisation for the spherical tokamak ST40

Author: Mikhail Gryaznevich, M. Nightingale, Antti Salmi, T. Tala, and P. Buxton
Subjects: neutral beam, NBI, Spherical tokamak, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Torque, General Materials Science, ta216, 010306 general physics, ta218, nuclear fusion, ST40, Civil and Structural Engineering, ta212, Physics, ta214, Toroid, ta114, Mechanical Engineering, Plasma, Neutral beam injection, Power (physics), Computational physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, spherical tokamak, Atomic physics, Current (fluid), Beam (structure)
Abstract: Orbit following Monte Carlo code (ASCOT) calculations of neutral beam (NB) induced torque, current and heating have been performed for a selected set of plasma scenarios to optimise the neutral beam injection system for the proposed high magnetic field spherical tokamak ST40. It is found that there are strong variations especially in the current drive efficiency and in the toroidal torque depending on the NB alignment and injection energy. The optimal alignments as well as the optimal injection energy depend both on the scenario and whether the current drive or the toroidal torque is to be maximised. Due to the relatively small calculated current drive efficiency (0.05–0.2 MA/MW) we find that for the studied scenarios a relatively central low field side (LFS) deposition below midplane provides the best overall performance still at a tolerable shine through power.
Published: 2017

22. Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: From conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond

Author: G. Tomaž, M. Weiland, J. Gath, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, J. Juul Rasmussen, S. Costea, Jorge Morales, A. Perek, X. Feng, F. Pesamosca, Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz, N. Vianello, A. Dal Molin, N. M. T. Vu, D. Hogeweij, G. Calabrò, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, E. Alessi, Aitor J. Garrido, Justin Ball, Daniele Carnevale, A. Czarnecka, S. Garavaglia, G. Ferro, George Wilkie, N. Krawczyk, M. Nocente, H. De Oliveira, Ivo Furno, W. Bin, O. Chellai, Stefano Coda, Fulvio Auriemma, Yann Camenen, W. A. J. Vijvers, Christian Theiler, A. N. Karpushov, M. Faitsch, Jérôme Bucalossi, Paolo Ricci, Antoine Merle, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, Duccio Testa, Ambrogio Fasoli, Y. Andrebe, F. Bagnato, S. Nowak, J. R. Harrison, O. Vasilovici, M. E. Puiatti, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, J. S. Allcock, L. Calacci, Matteo Zuin, V. Piergotti, P. Chmielewski, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, Emanuele Poli, Nuno Cruz, M. Farnik, Jonathan Graves, Alessandro Pau, Olivier Février, N. A. Kirneva, Bruce Lipschultz, E. Lazzaro, E. Havlickova, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, L. Stipani, D. Brida, Ch. Schlatter, M. Wensing, R. O. Pavlichenko, F. Nespoli, J. Decker, Eva Macusova, Fulvio Militello, Nicola Offeddu, Heinz Isliker, A. Zisis, A. Marco, Laurie Porte, Marco Gobbin, Anna Salmi, S. Vartanian, J. Sinha, Matthias Komm, M. Spolaore, Anders Nielsen, T. Happel, R. D. Nem, A. Iantchenko, V.V. Plyusnin, C. Tsironis, V. Igochine, R. M. McDermott, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, T. Ravensbergen, V. P. Loschiavo, H. Arnichand, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Carlo Sozzi, Z. Huang, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, B. Linehan, L. Hesslow, P. Buratti, A. Casolari, M. Bernert, P. Mantica, H. Weisen, J-M Moret, Maiko Yoshida, N. Bonanomi, S. Feng, A. A. Teplukhina, Jakub Urban, F. Carpanese, C. Piron, S. Allan, Minh Quang Tran, C. Marini, Artur Palha, F.P. Orsitto, Roberto Ambrosino, A. S. Tema Biwole, Harry M. Meyer, Davide Galassi, J. Mlynář, N. Christen, M. Wischmeier, Mathias Hoppe, P. David, J. Horacek, M. Maraschek, G. Ciraolo, R. R. Sheeba, J. Zebrowski, M. Dreval, M. Silva, K. Gałązka, Olivier Sauter, Laure Vermare, A. Gallo, C. Reux, M. Gospodarczyk, O. Bogar, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, Patrick J. McCarthy, Joël Rosato, G. Pucella, K. Wu, Volker Naulin, Bojan Mavkov, S. Elmore, Lorella Carraro, Gustavo Granucci, Christopher N. Bowman, O. Kudlacek, M. Gruca, A. Jardin, Federico Felici, Didier Mazon, D. C. van Vugt, D. Douai, Jose Boedo, Raffaele Albanese, U. A. Sheikh, Hugo Bufferand, R. Lombroni, T. Pütterich, Benedikt Geiger, X. Llobet, Izaskun Garrido, J.-Ph. Hogge, J. Ayllon-Guerola, Nicolas Fedorczak, Timothy Goodman, A. Mariani, E. Maljaars, Matteo Agostini, Lorenzo Frassinetti, S. E. Sharapov, C.K. Tsui, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Robert Mumgaard, Amanda Hubbard, L. Pigatto, F. Matos, D. S. Gahle, Roberto Maurizio, I. Voitsekhovitch, Paolo Zanca, J. Buermans, A. Fil, T. Lunt, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, M. Kong, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, L. Cordaro, P. Innocente, Roberto Paccagnella, Benoit Labit, N. Rispoli, M. Rabinski, G. F. Harrer, Roch Kwiatkowski, A. Moro, A. A. Beletskii, M. Vallar, M. Reich, F. Reimold, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Giuseppe Gorini, J. Čeřovský, F. Causa, H. Reimerdes, B. Esposito, Jernej Kovacic, P. V. Kazantzidis, H. Anand, Gergely Papp, M. Valisa, K. Mitosinkova, Vlado Menkovski, F. Bombarda, M. Fontana, Tommaso Bolzonella, Pascale Hennequin, T. Gyergyek, D. L. Keeling, T. Eich, M. Garcia-Munoz, Stefano Alberti, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, R. Shousha, M. Scheffer, B. S. Schneider, R. Jacquier, D. Choi, Nick Walkden, Ola Embréus, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, S. Saarelma, J. Garcia, M. G. Dunne, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Y. R. Martin, A. Kappatou, B. P. Duval, T. Tala, Swiss National Science Foundation, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), University College Cork (UCC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering [Aalborg] (M-TECH), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Coda, S, Agostini, M, Albanese, R, Alberti, S, Alessi, E, Allan, S, Allcock, J, Ambrosino, R, Anand, H, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Ball, J, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Beletskii, A, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bonanomi, N, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brida, D, Bucalossi, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Causa, F, Cerovsky, J, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Christen, N, Ciraolo, G, Cordaro, L, Costea, S, Cruz, N, Czarnecka, A, Dal Molin, A, David, P, Decker, J, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Eich, T, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Esposito, B, Faitsch, M, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferro, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Garrido, A, Garrido, I, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Hakola, A, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Havlickova, E, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Hesslow, L, Hogeweij, D, Hogge, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Hubbard, A, Iantchenko, A, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Jacquier, R, Jardin, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kirneva, N, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Lazzaro, E, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Lombroni, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maljaars, E, Mantica, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marco, A, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Martin, Y, Matos, F, Frisina, M, Mavkov, B, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Micheletti, D, Militello, F, Mitosinkova, K, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Mumgaard, R, Naulin, V, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Papp, G, Pau, A, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Ridolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plyusnin, V, Poli, E, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Ravensbergen, T, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reux, C, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Rosato, J, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sauter, O, Scheffer, M, Schlatter, C, Schneider, B, Schrittwieser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sheikh, U, Shousha, R, Silva, M, Sinha, J, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stipani, L, Strand, P, Tala, T, Tema Biwole, A, Teplukhina, A, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Tomaz, G, Tomes, M, Tran, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Van Vugt, D, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vijvers, W, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Wensing, M, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Yoshida, M, Zagorski, R, Zanca, P, Zebrowski, J, Zisis, A, Zuin, M, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Coda, S., Agostini, M., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Allcock, J., Ambrosino, R., Anand, H., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Ball, J., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Beletskii, A. A., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bonanomi, N., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brida, D., Bucalossi, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Causa, F., Cerovsky, J., Chellai, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Christen, N., Ciraolo, G., Cordaro, L., Costea, S., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Dal Molin, A., David, P., Decker, J., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M. B., Dudson, B., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferro, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Garrido, A. J., Garrido, I., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Hakola, A., Happel, T., Harrer, G. F., Harrison, J., Havlickova, E., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Hesslow, L., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -P., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Hubbard, A., Iantchenko, A., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kazantzidis, P. -V., Keeling, D., Kirneva, N., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lombroni, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maljaars, E., Mantica, P., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marco, A., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Martin, Y., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mavkov, B., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P., Mcdermott, R., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Micheletti, D., Militello, F., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Mumgaard, R. T., Naulin, V., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Papp, G., Pau, A., Pavlichenko, R. O., Perek, A., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plyusnin, V., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Ravensbergen, T., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reux, C., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Rosato, J., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sauter, O., Scheffer, M., Schlatter, C., Schneider, B. S., Schrittwieser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sheikh, U., Shousha, R., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stipani, L., Strand, P., Tala, T., Tema Biwole, A. S., Teplukhina, A. A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tomaz, G., Tomes, M., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C. K., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Van Vugt, D., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Wensing, M., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Yoshida, M., Zagorski, R., Zanca, P., Zebrowski, J., Zisis, A., Zuin, M., Coda, S. et al, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP111: Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Control Systems Technology, Data Mining, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Settore ING-INF/04, TK, UPGRADE, Cyclotron, Overview, Cyclotron resonance, overview, CONFINEMENT, DETACHMENT, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], CONTROL-SYSTEM, 0103 physical sciences, EUROfusion, 010306 general physics, tokamak, QC, plasma, nuclear fusion, Physics, PLASMA, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Mechanics, TCV, MST1, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, confinement, detachment, Nuclear fusion, control-system, upgrade, TCV, MST1, Beam (structure), Tokamaks
Abstract: The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added., This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Published: 2019

23. Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade

Author: V. Piergotti, F. Pesamosca, Bogdan Hnat, A. Sperduti, A. Krivska, J. Vicente, Panagiotis Tolias, Emanuele Poli, Matthias Hoelzl, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, J. Ayllon-Guerola, G. Apruzzese, T. Lunt, J. Galdon-Quiroga, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, T. Jonsson, Bruce Lipschultz, P. Innocente, A. Gude, I Miron, M. G. Dunne, G. F. Harrer, A. Moro, A. Iantchenko, K. Galazka, P. Poloskei, K. Bogar, Roberto Ambrosino, G. Ferr, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Istvan Cziegler, L. Guimarais, S. Vartanian, B. Erds, G. Pucella, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Raffaele Albanese, Harry M. Meyer, D. Boeyaert, G. F. Matthews, Eva Macusova, V. S. Marchenko, R. Zagórski, J. Buermans, A. Fil, W. Zhang, Giuseppe Gorini, B. Tal, D. Zaloga, Hugo Bufferand, A. Romano, L. Colas, J. Zebrowski, M. Weiland, L. Barrera-Orte, Matjaž Panjan, A.J. Thornton, E. Wolfrum, Miglena Dimitrova, R. M. McDermott, R. Lombroni, O. Tudisco, F. Reimold, E. R. Solano, X. Feng, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, E. Alessi, D. S. Gahle, Olivier Février, I. Voitsekhovitch, Matthew Carr, A. Bock, O. Vasilovici, C. Ham, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, Pierre Manas, S. Costea, A. Kirk, F. Causa, J. Adamek, Vu N. M. T., M. Cavedon, O. Grover, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Spolaore, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, P. Bohm, P. V. Kazantzidis, Sarah Newton, M. Tomes, M.-L. Mayoral, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, H. Reimerdes, Jorge Morales, D. Brunetti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Tomas Markovic, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, J. Juul Rasmussen, F. Janky, S. Saarelma, Z. Popovic, C. Tsironis, J. J. Rasmussen, S. K. Hansen, Sandra C. Chapman, Volker Naulin, H. Arnichand, Roberto Paccagnella, M. Faitsch, Anders Nielsen, M. Kong, V. Igochine, C. Piron, C. Bowman, Jorge Ferreira, D. Sytnykov, K. G. McClements, Olivier Sauter, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, T. Ravensbergen, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Dirk Reiser, M. Bernert, M. Vallar, J-M Moret, M. Gruca, D. I. Refy, P. Cano Megias, Benoit Labit, M. Schubert, Giuliana Sias, O. Bogar, P. J. Mc Carthy, I. Faust, Gergely Papp, F. Matos, J. Garcia, C. Marini, E. L. Sorokovoy, Dimitri Voltolina, George Wilkie, J. M. Santos, R. R. Sheeba, Vladimir Weinzettl, Sergei Kasilov, J. Cerovsky, Matteo Agostini, G. Tardini, Laurie Porte, F. Dolizy, L. Gil, Matthias Komm, A. Dal Molin, B. Sieglin, Roch Kwiatkowski, M. C. C Messmer, Toke Koldborg Jensen, Vinodh Bandaru, Ben F. McMillan, Alessandra Fanni, Daniele Carnevale, Shimpei Futatani, D. P. Coster, V. Korovin, S. E. Sharapov, Patrik Ollus, J. Gath, A. Czarnecka, D. Gallart, M. Peterka, P. Vallejos Olivares, Jernej Kovacic, Nicolas Fedorczak, Silvio Ceccuzzi, L. Piron, J. Rosato, G. Kocsis, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Garcia-Mu oz, Radomir Panek, S. F. Smith, Paolo Bettini, A. Mariani, R. Dejarnac, Lorenzo Frassinetti, D. Douai, L. Garzotti, H. J. Sun, C.K. Tsui, N. den Harder, John Elmerdahl Olsen, F. Bombarda, M. Francesco, Piero Martin, D. Hogeweij, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, Gabor Por, Luca Boncagni, Carlo Sozzi, Martin Hron, P. A. Schneider, V. P. Loschiavo, David Terranova, D. Aguiam, D. Choi, M. Gobbin, D. Iglesias, M. Reich, G. Avdeeva, A. Gallo, O. Biletskyi, M. Aradi, F. Liu, M. Griener, Antti Snicker, L. Kripner, Jérôme Bucalossi, L. Hesslow, Nick Walkden, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, F. Jaulmes, G. Calabr, G.A. Rattá, W. Bin, S. Garavaglia, V. Plyusnin, Andreas Frank Martitsch, A. Zisis, Rita Lorenzini, Duccio Testa, M. Passeri, Ola Embréus, N. Krawczyk, K. Särkimäki, Davide Galassi, D. Samaddar, M. Oberkofler, E. Seliunin, D. Brida, P. Buratti, F. Nabais, J. Ongena, J. Likonen, Yann Camenen, M. J. Mantsinen, F. Carpanese, S. Wiesen, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Florian Laggner, R. Bilato, M. Wischmeier, L. Pigatto, G. I. Pokol, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, D. Gadariya, L. Stipani, Christian Theiler, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Timothy Goodman, R. D. Nem, J. J. Dominguez-Palacios Duran, F. Militello, Y. Kulyk, D. J. Cruz Zabala, A. Drenik, P. Manz, M. Scheffer, V. Pericoli Radolfini, B. Tilia, John Omotani, B. Vanovac, B. S. Schneider, E. Fable, Jakub Urban, T. Gyergyek, A. N. Karpushov, M. Farnik, Jakub Seidl, Christopher G. Albert, Antoine Merle, A. Cathey, D. A. Ryan, Sergio Galeani, R. Scannell, A. Havranek, G. de Carolis, C. Soria-Hoyo, S. Gibson, D. Carralero, D. Meshcheriakov, Morten Stejner, B. P. Duval, Francesco Cordella, Mitja Kelemen, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Stefano Coda, L. Calacci, C. Cianfarani, Faa Federico Felici, A. C. A. Figueiredo, L. Panaccione, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Daniele Milanesio, Winfried Kernbichler, Mario Sassano, A. Teplukhina, S. Zoletnik, L. Laguardia, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, P. Zanca, Daniel Dunai, S. Feng, J. Decker, Stylianos Varoutis, Lorella Carraro, M. Wensing, Gustavo Granucci, Artur Palha, A. Kappatou, J. Garcia-Lopez, Felix I. Parra, Ye. O. Kazakov, S. Brezinsek, Didier Mazon, A. Lahtinen, I. Paradela Perez, P. Chmielewski, L. Giacomelli, Alessandro Pau, Gianluca Spizzo, R. Delogu, R. J. Akers, H. De Oliveira, Petr Vondracek, F. P. Orsitto, J. Hobirk, L. Xiang, A. Burckhart, B. Maljaars, V. Petrzilka, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, P. David, D. Grekov, Tamás Szepesi, Y. Andr be, P. Hacek, M. Toscano-Jimenez, T. Pütterich, L. Cordaro, V. Nikolaeva, F. Orain, M. Rabinski, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, T. Tala, Maria Ester Puiatti, A. Casolari, T. Happel, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, P. Mantica, Z. Huang, D. Colette, G. Ciraolo, Jan Mlynar, W. Suttrop, C. Meineri, J. Horacek, Seppo Sipilä, M. Gospodarczyk, S. Mastrostefano, Jesús Vega, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, M. Willensdorfer, Jari Varje, D. C. van Vugt, J. Faustin, Mathias Hoppe, M. Dreval, A. Perek, C. Angioni, Laure Vermare, U. A. Sheikh, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rubino, S.N. Reznik, Tsv K Popov, S. Nowak, A. S. Jacobsen, J. R. Martin Solis, David Moulton, Heinz Isliker, K. Wu, Anna Salmi, F. Nespoli, S. Elmore, O. Kudlacek, A. Kallenbach, Rok Zaplotnik, D. L. Keeling, L. Giannone, M. Maraschek, Carlos B. da Silva, F. Hitzler, M. Valovic, M. W. Jakubowski, L. Gabellieri, Jozef Varju, Marco Cecconello, M. Valisa, Vlado Menkovski, Gábor Cseh, E. Thoren, T. Eich, R. Coelho, F. Bagnato, Matteo Zuin, Alexander Kendl, G. Rocchi, G. Pautasso, D. Naydenkova, R. O. Pavlichenko, M. Fontana, Lionello Marrelli, Tommaso Bolzonella, Nicola Vianello, Pascale Hennequin, R. Ochoukov, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, Ch. Fuchs, E. Giovannozzi, Fulvio Auriemma, Roberto Maurizio, Stefan Buller, Massimo Nocente, K. Krieger, G. Grenfell, N. Rispoli, R. Dux, Barbara Cannas, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Labit, B., Eich, T., Harrer, G. F., Wolfrum, E., Bernert, M., Dunne, M. G., Frassinetti, L., Hennequin, P., Maurizio, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Saarelma, S., Sheikh, U., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Albert, C., Alessi, E., Ambrosino, R., Andr be, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Aradi, M., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Avdeeva, G., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Bandaru, V. K., Barnes, M., Barrera-Orte, L., Bettini, P., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Boeyaert, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brunetti, D., Bucalossi, J., Buchanan, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Calabr, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Cannas, B., Cano Megias, P., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Cathey, A., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cerovsky, J., Chapman, S., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Colas, L., Colette, D., Cordaro, L., Cordella, F., Costea, S., Coster, D., Cruz Zabala, D. J., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., Dal Molin, A., David, P., De Carolis, G., De Oliveira, H., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delogu, R., Den Harder, N., Dimitrova, M., Dolizy, F., Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J. J., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Erds, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Farnik, M., Faust, I., Faustin, J., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferreira, J., Ferr, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Francesco, M., Fuchs, C., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gadariya, D., Gahle, D., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Mu oz, M., Garzotti, L., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Gibson, S., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Gonzalez-Martin, J., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Grekov, D., Grenfell, G., Griener, M., Groth, M., Grover, O., Gruca, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Gyergyek, T., Hacek, P., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Havranek, A., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hesslow, L., Hitzler, F., Hnat, B., Hobirk, J., Hoelzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Hron, M., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Iglesias, D., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A., Jakubowski, M., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jensen, T., Jonsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, P. V., Keeling, D., Kelemen, M., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kocsis, G., Komm, M., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Krieger, K., Kripner, L., Krivska, A., Kudlacek, O., Kulyk, Y., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Laggner, F., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lang, P., Likonen, J., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Lombroni, R., Lorenzini, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maljaars, B., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Marchenko, V., Marchetto, C., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, P., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Matos, F., Matthews, G., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mc Carthy, P., Mcclements, K., Mcdermott, R., Mcmillan, B., Meineri, C., Menkovski, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Messmer, M., Micheletti, D., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Nabais, F., Naulin, V., Naydenkova, D., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Newton, S., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Ochoukov, R., Ollus, P., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., Ongena, J., Orain, F., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Panaccione, L., Panek, R., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Parra, F., Passeri, M., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Perek, A., Pericoli Radolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Peterka, M., Petrzilka, V., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Piron, L., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Poloskei, P., Popov, T., Popovic, Z., Por, G., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravensbergen, T., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reznik, S., Ricci, D., Rispoli, N., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Romano, A., Rosato, J., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ryan, D. A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sarkimaki, K., Sassano, M., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, B. S., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Seidl, J., Seliunin, E., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Sipila, S., Smith, S., Snicker, A., Solano, E. R., Hansen, S. K., Soria-Hoyo, C., Sorokovoy, E., Sozzi, C., Sperduti, A., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stipani, L., Stober, J., Strand, P., Sun, H., Suttrop, W., Sytnykov, D., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thoren, E., Thornton, A., Tilia, B., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Toscano-Jimenez, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van Vugt, D., Vanovac, B., Varje, J., Varju, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Voltolina, D., Vondracek, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Wensing, M., Wiesen, S., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Xiang, L., Zagorski, R., Zaloga, D., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zebrowski, J., Zhang, W., Zisis, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Vienna University of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Université Paris-Saclay, JET, Czech Academy of Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, University of Lisbon, University of Naples Federico II, Graz University of Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, University of Seville, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, CEA, University of York, Royal Military Academy, Chalmers University of Technology, Tuscia University, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, CNRS, University of Cagliari, CIEMAT, Uppsala University, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Innsbruck, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Durham University, BarcelonaTech, University of Strathclyde, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University of Milan - Bicocca, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fusion and Plasma Physics, J. Stefan Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National Technical University of Athens, National Centre for Nuclear Research, University of Helsinki, Université Côte d'Azur, Polytechnic University of Turin, NASU - Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University College Cork, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Ghent University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Labit, B, Eich, T, Harrer, G, Wolfrum, E, Bernert, M, Dunne, M, Frassinetti, L, Hennequin, P, Maurizio, R, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Saarelma, S, Sheikh, U, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Aguiam, D, Akers, R, Albanese, R, Albert, C, Alessi, E, Ambrosino, R, Andr be, Y, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Aradi, M, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Avdeeva, G, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Bandaru, V, Barnes, M, Barrera-Orte, L, Bettini, P, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Boeyaert, D, Bogar, K, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Boncagni, L, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brunetti, D, Bucalossi, J, Buchanan, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Calabr, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Cano Megias, P, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cerovsky, J, Chapman, S, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Colas, L, Colette, D, Cordaro, L, Cordella, F, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Carolis, G, De Oliveira, H, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Delogu, R, Den Harder, N, Dimitrova, M, Dolizy, F, Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Duval, B, Dux, R, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Erds, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fanni, A, Farnik, M, Faust, I, Faustin, J, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferr, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Francesco, M, Fuchs, C, Futatani, S, Gabellieri, L, Gadariya, D, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Lopez, J, Garcia-Mu oz, M, Garzotti, L, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giacomelli, L, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Gonzalez-Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Grekov, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gyergyek, T, Hacek, P, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Havranek, A, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hesslow, L, Hitzler, F, Hnat, B, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hogeweij, D, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Hron, M, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Iglesias, D, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jakubowski, M, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jonsson, T, Kallenbach, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kelemen, M, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kocsis, G, Komm, M, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Krieger, K, Kripner, L, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kulyk, Y, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Laggner, F, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Likonen, J, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Lombroni, R, Lorenzini, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maljaars, B, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchenko, V, Marchetto, C, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martin Solis, J, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Matos, F, Matthews, G, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mc Carthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcdermott, R, Mcmillan, B, Meineri, C, Menkovski, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Messmer, M, Micheletti, D, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Miron, I, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Naydenkova, D, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Newton, S, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Ollus, P, Olsen, J, Omotani, J, Ongena, J, Orain, F, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Panaccione, L, Panek, R, Panjan, M, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Parra, F, Passeri, M, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Radolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Peterka, M, Petrzilka, V, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Piron, L, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Poloskei, P, Popov, T, Popovic, Z, Por, G, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravensbergen, T, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reznik, S, Ricci, D, Rispoli, N, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Romano, A, Rosato, J, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ryan, D, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samaddar, D, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Scheffer, M, Schneider, B, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Seidl, J, Seliunin, E, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silva, C, Sipila, S, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Hansen, S, Soria-Hoyo, C, Sorokovoy, E, Sozzi, C, Sperduti, A, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stipani, L, Stober, J, Strand, P, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytnykov, D, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Tilia, B, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Toscano-Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tudisco, O, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Valovic, M, Van Vugt, D, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Varju, J, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weinzettl, V, Wensing, M, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Xiang, L, Zagorski, R, Zaloga, D, Zanca, P, Zaplotnik, R, Zebrowski, J, Zhang, W, Zisis, A, Zoletnik, S, Zuin, M, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Data Mining, Sensorics for fusion reactors, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Settore ING-INF/04, Work package, grassy ELM, ballooning modes, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, Ballooning, 010305 fluids & plasmas, grassy ELMs, separatrix density, ASDEX Upgrade, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Edge-localized mode, QC, H-mode, plasma triangularity, type-II ELMs, Physics, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], type-II ELM, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Null (physics), Shear (sheet metal), Física nuclear, Atomic physics, ballooning mode
Abstract: Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened. Peer Reviewed Article escrit per 365 autors/autores: Labit, B.; Eich, T.; Harrer, G. F.; Wolfrum, E.; Bernert, M.; Dunne, M. G.; Frassinetti, L.; Hennequin, P.; Maurizio, R.; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Saarelma, S.; Sheikh, U.; Adamek, J.; Agostini, M.; Aguiam, D.; Akers, R.; Albanese, R.; Albert, C.; Alessi, E.; Ambrosino, R.; Andr be, Y.; Angioni, C.; Apruzzese, G.; Aradi, M.; Arnichand, H.; Auriemma, F.; Avdeeva, G.; Ayllon-Guerola, J. M.; Bagnato, F.; Bandaru, V. K.; Barnes, M.; Barrera-Orte, L.; Bettini, P.; Bilato, R.; Biletskyi, O.; Bilkova, P.; Bin, W.; Blanchard, P.; Blanken, T.; Bobkov, V.; Bock, A.; Boeyaert, D.; Bogar, K.; Bogar, O.; Bohm, P.; Bolzonella, T.; Bombarda, F.; Boncagni, L.; Bouquey, F.; Bowman, C.; Brezinsek, S.; Brida, D.; Brunetti, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buermans, J.; Bufferand, H.; Buller, S.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Calabr, G.; Calacci, L.; Camenen, Y.; Cannas, B.; Cano Megías, P.; Carnevale, D.; Carpanese, F.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Casolari, A.; Cathey, A.; Causa, F.; Cavedon, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cerovsky, J.; Chapman, S.; Chmielewski, P.; Choi, D.; Cianfarani, C.; Ciraolo, G.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Colas, L.; Colette, D.; Cordaro, L.; Cordella, F.; Costea, S.; Coster, D.; Cruz Zabala, D. J.; Cseh, G.; Czarnecka, A.; Cziegler, I.; D’Arcangelo, O.; Dal Molin, A.; David, P.; De Carolis, G.; De Oliveira, H.; Decker, J.; Dejarnac, R.; Delogu, R.; Den Harder, N.; Dimitrova, M.; Dolizy, F.; Domínguez-Palacios Durán, J. J.; Douai, D.; Drenik, A.; Dreval, M.; Dudson, B.; Dunai, D.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Elmore, S.; Embréus, O.; Erds, B.; Fable, E.; Faitsch, M.; Fanni, A.; Farnik, M.; Faust, I.; Faustin, J.; Fedorczak, N.; Felici, F.; Feng, S.; Feng, X.; Ferreira, J.; Ferr, G.; Février, O.; Ficker, O.; Figini, L.; Figueiredo, A.; Fil, A.; Fontana, M.; Francesco, M.; Fuchs, C.; Futatani, S.; Gabellieri, L.; Gadariya, D.; Gahle, D.; Galassi, D.; Gałązka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Galeani, S.; Gallart, D.; Gallo, A.; Galperti, C.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Lopez, J.; Garcia-Mu oz, M.; Garzotti, L.; Gath, J.; Geiger, B.; Giacomelli, L.; Giannone, L.; Gibson, S.; Gil, L.; Giovannozzi, E.; Giruzzi, G.; Gobbin, M.; Gonzalez-Martin, J.; Goodman, T. P.; Gorini, G.; Gospodarczyk, M.; Granucci, G.; Grekov, D. 1; Grenfell, G.; Griener, M.; Groth, M.; Grover, O.; Gruca, M.; Gude, A.; Guimarais, L.; Gyergyek, T.; Hacek, P.; Hakola, A.; Ham, C.; Happel, T.; Harrison, J.; Havranek, A.; Hawke, J.; Henderson, S.; Hesslow, L.; Hitzler, F.; Hnat, B.; Hobirk, J.; Hoelzl, M.; Hogeweij, D.; Hopf, C.; Hoppe, M.; Horacek, J.; Hron, M.; Huang, Z.; Iantchenko, A.; Iglesias, D.; Igochine, V.; Innocente, P.; Ionita-Schrittwieser, C.; Isliker, H.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jacobsen, A.; Jakubowski, M.; Janky, F.; Jardin, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jensen, T.; Jonsson, T.; Kallenbach, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karpushov, A.; Kasilov, S.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, P. 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Published: 2019

24. Isotope identity experiments in JET-ILW with H and D L-mode plasmas

Author: D. L. Keeling, D. King, C. F. Maggi, T. Tala, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, G. Sips, Fulvio Auriemma, S. Menmuir, H. Weisen, I Voitsekhovich, Fredrik Eriksson, Hans Nordman, F. J. Casson, L. Horvath, Rita Lorenzini, J. Flanagan, Maggi, C. F., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Fisica Nuclear Aplicada RNM138
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Jet (fluid), Plasma parameters, JET-ILW, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, tokamak plasmas, 010305 fluids & plasmas, jet-ilw, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), confinement, 0103 physical sciences, Heat transfer, Atomic physics, isotope identity, 010306 general physics, Tokamak plasmas, Dimensionless quantity, Isotope identity
Abstract: NBI-heated L-mode plasmas have been obtained in JET with the Be/W ITER-like wall (JETILW) in H and D, with matched profiles of the dimensionless plasma parameters, ρ* , ν* , β and q in the plasma core confinement region and same Ti/Te and Zeff. The achieved isotope identity indicates that the confinement scale invariance principle is satisfied in the core confinement region of these plasmas, where the dominant instabilities are Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) modes. The dimensionless thermal energy confinement time, Ωi τE,th, and the scaled core plasma heat diffusivity, A χeff/BT, are identical in H and D within error bars, indicating lack of isotope mass dependence of the dimensionless L-mode thermal energy confinement time in JET-ILW. Predictive flux driven simulations with JETTO-TGLF of the H and D identity pair is in very good agreement with experiment for both isotopes: the stiff core heat transport, typical of JET-ILW NBI heated L-modes, overcomes the local gyro-Bohm scaling of gradient-driven TGLF, explaining the lack of isotope mass dependence in the confinement region of these plasmas. The effect of E × B shearing on the predicted heat and particle transport channels is found to be negligible for these low beta and low momentum input plasmas. EURATOM 633053 RCUK Energy Programme EP/P012450/1
Published: 2019
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25. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author: L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. 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C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, and Zywicki, B
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fusion, model, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, Mechanics, Plasma, Fusion power, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pedestal, Heat flux, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, tokamak, plasma, energy
Abstract: DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (~30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6–2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8–3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (⩽3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels necessary for radiating divertor operation, achieving ~40% divertor heat flux reduction using either argon or neon with P tot up to 15 MW.
Published: 2019

26. Density peaking in JET - determined by fuelling or transport?

Author: J. C. Hillesheim, M. Tsalas, G. Sips, A. Czarnecka, Saskia Mordijck, Volker Naulin, C. Bourdelle, Hans Nordman, L. Meneses, Jet Contributors, C. Giroud, F. Eriksson, Ari Salmi, T. Tala, H. Weisen, S. Menmuir, Daniel Tegnered, Jonathan Citrin, A. Mariani, P. Mantica, M. Maslov, E. Fransson, C. F. Maggi, and M. Oberparleiter
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Joint European Torus, Electron, Collisionality, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Transport modelling, particle transport, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), transport modelling, Particle transport, Density parking, Condensed Matter Physics, density peaking, Particle pinch, Neutral beam injection, particle pinch, Pinch, NBI fuelling, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: Core density profile peaking and electron particle transport have been extensively studied by performing several dimensionless collisionality (υ*) scans with other matched dimensionless profiles in various plasma operation scenarios on the Joint European Torus (JET). This is the first time when electron particle transport coefficients in the H-mode have been measured on JET with high resolution diagnostics, and therefore we are in a position to distinguish between the neutral beam injection (NBI) source and inward electron particle pinch in contributing to core density peaking. The NBI particle source is found to contribute typically 50%–60% to the electron density peaking in JET H-mode plasmas where Te/Ti ~ 1 or smaller and at υ* = 0.1–0.5 (averaged between r/a = 0.3–0.8), and being independent of υ* within that range. In these H-mode plasmas, the electron particle transport coefficients, De and ve, are small, thus giving rise to the large influence of NBI fueling with respect to transport effect on peaking. In L-mode plasma conditions, the role of the NBI source is small, typically 10%–20%, and the electron particle transport coefficients are large. These dimensionless υ* scans give the best possible data for model validation. TGLF simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results with respect to the role of NBI particle source versus inward pinch in affecting density peaking, both for the H-mode and L-mode υ* scans. It predicts, similarly to experimental results, that typically about half of the peaking originates from the NBI fuelling in the H-mode and 10%–20% in the L-mode. GENE simulation results also support the key role of NBI fuelling in causing a peaked density profile in JET H-mode plasma (Te/Ti ~ 1 and υ* = 0.1–0.5) and, in fact, give an even higher weight on NBI fuelling than that experimentally observed or predicted by TGLF. For the non-fuelled H-mode plasma at higher Te/Ti = 1.5 and lower βN and υ*, both TGLF and GENE predict peaked density profiles, therefore agreeing well with experimental steady-state density peaking. Overall, the various modelling results give a fairly good confidence in using TGLF and GENE in predicting density peaking in quite a wide range of plasma conditions in JET.
Published: 2019

27. Predictive Value of Ov16 Antibody Prevalence in Different Subpopulations for Elimination of African Onchocerciasis

Author: Coffeng, L.E. (Luc), Stolk, W.A. (Wilma), Golden, A. (Allison), Santos, T. (Tala) de los, Domingo, G.J. (Gonzalo), Vlas, S.J. (Sake) de, Coffeng, L.E. (Luc), Stolk, W.A. (Wilma), Golden, A. (Allison), Santos, T. (Tala) de los, Domingo, G.J. (Gonzalo), and Vlas, S.J. (Sake) de
Abstract: The World Health Organization currently recommends assessing elimination of onchocerciasis by testing whether Ov16 antibody prevalence in children aged 0-9 years is below 0.1%. However, the certainty of evidence for this recommendation is considered to be low. We used the established ONCHOSIM model to investigate the predictive value of different Ov16-antibody prevalence thresholds in various age groups for elimination of onchocerciasis in a variety of endemic settings and for various mass drug administration scenarios. According to our simulations, the predictive value of Ov16 antibody prevalence for elimination depends highly on the precontrol epidemiologic situation, history of mass drug administration, the age group that is sampled, and the chosen Ov16-antibody prevalence threshold. The Ov16 antibody prevalence in children aged 5-14 years performs best in predicting elimination. Appropriate threshold values for this age group start at 2.0% for very highly endemic areas; for lower-endemic areas, even higher threshold values are safe to use. Guidelines can be improved by sampling school-aged children, which also is operationally more feasible than targeting children under age 10 years. The use of higher threshold values allows sampling of substantially fewer children. Further improvement can be achieved by taking a differentiated sampling approach based on precontrol endemicity.
Published: 2019
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28. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author: Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, Zywicki, B, L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, B. Zywicki, Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, 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C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, Zywicki, B, L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, and B. Zywicki
Abstract: DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (∼30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6-2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8-3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels ne
Published: 2019

29. Collisionality driven turbulent particle transport changes in DIII-D H-mode plasmas

Author: Richard Reksoatmodjo, George McKee, T. L. Rhodes, Lei Zeng, E. Fransson, T. Tala, F. Eriksson, Anna Salmi, Saskia Mordijck, C.C. Petty, and Hans Nordman
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron density, Tokamak, DIII-D, Turbulence, collisionality, turbulence, Plasma, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Computational physics, law, transport, 0103 physical sciences, Pinch, 010306 general physics, tokamak, Dimensionless quantity
Abstract: The results of the experimental dimensionless scan in this paper confirm that there is an increase in density peaking towards lower collisionality and that this can be partly linked to a shift in the turbulence regime from ITG towards TEM. However at the lowest collisionality, the changes in turbulence and transport are much more pronounced than expected from direct collisionality effect on the turbulence. In this paper, the collisionality, ν ∗ is varied by a factor 5, while keeping ρ ∗, q, β, M, fixed. Additionally, a 3 Hz gas puff modulation is applied to modulate the electron density profile and extract the perturbed transport coefficients using two diagnostics. The transport analysis shows that the increase in density peaking at low ν ∗ is linked to an increase in the inward particle pinch and not an increase in core fueling. These observations are not only in agreement with prior modeling scans of how turbulence changes as a function of collisionality and its impact upon the particle fluxes, but also with the multi-machine database (Fable E. et al 2010 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 52 015007) (Angioni C. et al 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 205003). The changes in turbulence across the collisionality scan were captured at large scale by the BES and at smaller scale by the DBS. A comparison with gradient-driven GENE simulations showed similar trends at both scales. Moreover, the changes observed in overall transport are in agreement with gradient-driven TGLF particle flux simulations. This indicates that TGLF/GENE when given the gradients as input, are able to reproduce the experimentally observed turbulence changes.
Published: 2020

30. CORE DENSITY PEAKING EXPERIMENTS IN JET, DIII-D AND C-MOD IN VARIOUS OPERATIONAL SCENARIOS - DRIVEN BY FUELING OR TRANSPORT?

Author: T. Tala, A. Salmi, S. Mordijck, H. NORDMAN, F. ERIKSSON, E. FRANSSON, M. OBERPARLEITER, A SKYMAN, D. TEGNERED, C. Bourdelle, J.Citrin, A.CZARNECKA, C. GIROUD, J. HILLESHEIM, C. MAGGI, M. MASLOV, S. MENMUIR, A.HUBBARD, J.W. HUGHESM E. TOLMAN, P. MANTICA, A. MARIANI, G. MCKEE, L. MENESES, M. TSALAS, V.Naulin, T.Rhodes, G.Sips, and H.Weisen
Subjects: ___, Physics::Plasma Physics
Abstract: Core density profile peaking and electron particle transport have been extensively studied by performing several dimensionally matched collisionality (?*) scans in various plasma operation scenarios on JET and on DIII-D and a 2-point ?*scan in I-mode on C-Mod. The experimental results from the various JET H-mode as well as the DIII-D H-mode scans show that density peaking increases with decreasing ?*. In JET, the NBI particle source is contributing 50-60% to the peaking in plasmas where Te/Ti~1 and at ?*=0.1-0.5 (averaged between r/a=0.3-0.8) independent of ?*. On DIII-D, the density peaking is solely a transport effect at low ?* while the NBI contributes to density peaking around 30-40% at higher ?*. The reason for JET and DIII-D being different with respect to NBI fueling versus inward pinch is under investigation. These dimensionally matched ?* scans give the best data for model validation. TGLF simulations are in excellent agreement with the experimental results with respect to the role of NBI versus inward pinch in JET and higher ?* discharges on DIII-D. GENE predicts larger role for the NBI fueling in JET than observed in experiment but is in good agreement within the DIII-D scan, justifying the use of these models/codes in predicting density peaking. In L-mode plasma conditions, the role of the NBI source is small, typically 10-20% and the electron particle transport coefficients are large. On C-Mod, the I-mode density peaking database indicated that in the I-mode plasmas, there is no ?* dependence in density peaking. This result indicates that particle transport characteristics are more analogous to those of L-mode than H-mode and similar to L-mode ones observed in JET and DIII-D.
Published: 2018

31. OVERVIEW OF PHYSICS STUDIES ON ASDEX UPGRADE

Author: Neville C. Luhmann, J. Mailloux, A. Kappatou, Yann Camenen, R. Arredondo Parra, P. Petersson, G. F. Harrer, I. Gomez Ortiz, E. Giovannozzi, S. S. Henderson, C. Sommariva, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, G. Fuchert, Christopher G. Albert, P. Piovesan, A. Herrmann, C. Piron, Robert Lunsford, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, L. Xiang, Carlo Cazzaniga, A. Burckhart, B. Kurzan, Bernhard Ploeckl, G. Kocsis, A. Mancini, Benoit Labit, M. Reich, N. den Harder, Faa Federico Felici, M. Oberparleiter, Tamás Szepesi, Sibylle Günter, K. Behler, R. Merkel, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, G. Haas, Alessandro Bortolon, T. B. Cote, E. Trier, P. Simon, A. Gude, Daniele Milanesio, Winfried Kernbichler, Dorothea Gradic, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, G.A. Rattá, G. Croci, O. Tudisco, E. Heyn, M. Groth, J. Gonzalez Martin, Olivier Sauter, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Massimo Nocente, J. R. Harrison, Martin Heyn, C. Bruhn, C. Ham, L. Shao, M. Schubert, F. Brochard, Yu Gao, Bernd Heinemann, Sandra C. Chapman, Armin Manhard, S. S. Denk, A. Jardin, D. P. Coster, G. Schall, L. Horvath, Alexander Creely, Roman Schrittwieser, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Castaldo, B. Wiringer, M. J. Mantsinen, Till Höschen, Ph. Lauber, V. Mertens, Anders Nielsen, G. Suarez, M. E. Manso, M. Dibon, S. Wiesen, Mirko Salewski, C. D. Challis, J. Schweinzer, D. Douai, Lorenzo Frassinetti, R. C. Wolf, Mirko Ramisch, P. de Marne, Yueqiang Liu, H. van den Brand, S. Nowak, E. Joffrin, M. Teschke, Karl Schmid, D. Silvagni, L. Giannone, D. I. Refy, E. Wolfrum, M. Sertoli, Chanho Moon, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, A. Ross, S. Elgeti, A. Shalpegin, G. D. Conway, A. Sigalov, Alberto Bottino, Benedikt Geiger, M. Willensdorfer, D. C. van Vugt, Mark Maraschek, W. Zhang, M. Oberkofler, M. Griener, Stylianos Varoutis, Bill Scott, F. Monaco, W. Suttrop, Helmut Faugel, Christian Hopf, J. Vicente, Gerhard Raupp, S. Fietz, Omar Maj, D. Terranova, Q. Yu, E. Seliunin, L. Gil, K. Lackner, I. Novikau, S. Heinzel, G. Birkenmeier, O. Linder, I. Zammuto, H. Fünfgelder, Alessandro Biancalani, D. Prisiazhniuk, Analiza M. Silva, Volker Hauer, Ulrich Stroth, M. Faitsch, Toke Koldborg Jensen, S. Brezinsek, S. Garavaglia, V. Nikolaeva, C. Angioni, T. Maceina, Antti Snicker, O. Schmitz, T. Vierle, A. Scarabosio, D. Carlton, F. Penzel, M. Tardocchi, Riccardo Maggiora, V. Plyusnin, A. Bergmann, A. Bock, G. Rocchi, Andreas Frank Martitsch, J. W. Coenen, I. Erofeev, Pierre Manas, J. Stober, O. Meyer, M. A. Van Zeeland, A. S. Jacobsen, H. Meister, Jens Madsen, E. Smigelskis, A. Lohs, T. Happel, A. Gallo, F. Ryter, P. A. Schneider, A. Kallenbach, Alf Köhn, C. Bottereau, I. Paradela Perez, N. Arden, M. Koubiti, Gergely Papp, Burkhard Plaum, Jorge Ferreira, P. Denner, H. Greuner, Daniel Told, M. Weiland, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Sieglin, A. Buhler, B. Böswirth, A. Krämer-Flecken, F. Jaulmes, J. Galdon-Quiroga, M. Balden, J. Pinzón Acosta, C. Sozzi, T. Bolzonella, G. Neu, Simon Freethy, T. Sehmer, K. Höfler, T. T. Ribeiro, F. Mink, Ursel Fantz, Q. Yang, Jeppe Olsen, M. Wischmeier, P. Mantica, Timothy Goodman, R. Delogu, T. Tala, Panagiotis Tolias, A. Houben, G. Tardini, A. Kirk, T. Odstrcil, R. Fischer, J. Juul Rasmussen, D. Carralero, H. F. Meyer, P. Martin, J. Miettunen, E. Maljaars, Matthew Carr, Z. Yang, G. Pautasso, B. P. Duval, E. Sytova, Stefano Coda, D. Meshcheriakov, Morten Stejner, S. Zoletnik, Thomas Zehetbauer, M. Li, F. Liu, R. Neu, A. Drenik, P. Manz, E. Fable, Otto Asunta, Zhixin Lu, S. Kálvin, Bruce Lipschultz, Vinodh Bandaru, A. Di Siena, Mattia Siccinio, S. Costea, Frank Jenko, Peter Lang, V. Rohde, Manfred Zilker, F. Nabais, H. J. Sun, Chris Hegna, A. Krivska, M. Rott, S. E. Sharapov, Antoine Merle, J. Bernardo, K. Engelhardt, M. Garcia-Munoz, M. Kantor, M. Hölzl, J. M. Santos, L. Guimarais, A. Figuereido, Carlos B. da Silva, Ch. Day, P. David, U. von Toussaint, T. C. Blanken, D. A. Ryan, F. Palermo, Silvio Ceccuzzi, J.-M. Noterdaeme, M. Gobbin, A. Jansen van Vuuren, C.-P. Kasemann, D. Rittich, Wouter Tierens, Taina Kurki-Suonio, C. Martens, R. Riedl, Antti Hakola, A. Czarnecka, F. Hitzler, M. Spolaore, M. Tripský, D. Brida, A. V. Chankin, Alessandro Pau, T. Ilkei, K. Krieger, Emanuele Poli, Florian Laggner, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, Wolfgang Jacob, Nengchao Wang, Anne White, S. Kjer Hansen, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Fröschle, R. Bilato, O. Kudlacek, Tobias Görler, A. Stegmeir, Ari Salmi, L. Colas, A. Mlynek, Istvan Cziegler, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, A. Gräter, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, R. Drube, John Hammer Holm, Giuliana Sias, K. Galazka, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Igochine, B. Vanovac, O. P. Ford, A. Garcia-Carrasco, R. M. McDermott, B. Tal, A. Lebschy, M. Cavedon, Julia Fuchs, E. Viezzer, R. Dux, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Aqsa Shabbir, Sergei Kasilov, M. Bernert, S. Saarelma, Gergö Pokol, F. Reimold, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Mayer, Marek Rubel, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, R. Maingi, William Hornsby, U. Plank, C. Cianfarani, N. Vianello, A. Huber, Gustavo Granucci, Didier Mazon, S. Glöggler, J. Simpson, I. Faust, G. L. Ravera, Laurie Porte, Johann Riesch, F. Janky, A Lyssoivan, T. Pütterich, F. Orain, M. Valisa, B. Esposito, C. Gleason-González, Juha Karhunen, M. Valovic, H. Maier, Gábor Cseh, A. Nemes-Czopf, E. Thoren, O. Pan, T. Eich, R. Coelho, M.R. de Baar, E. Strumberger, T. Hellsten, Lionello Marrelli, Boglarka Erdos, Pascale Hennequin, R. Ochoukov, H. Zohm, D. Wagner, Yevgen O. Kazakov, A. Medvedeva, M. G. Dunne, W. Treutterer, N. Leuthold, R. Zagórski, S. Potzel, V. Klevarova, Dirk Reiser, X. Wang, T. Lunt, Meyer, H, Angioni, C, Albert, C, Arden, N, Arredondo Parra, R, Asunta, O, De Baar, M, Balden, M, Bandaru, V, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bolzonella, T, Bortolon, A, Boswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van Den Brand, H, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Carlton, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Cazzaniga, C, Ceccuzzi, S, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, S, Cianfarani, C, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cote, T, Creely, A, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, David, P, Day, C, Delogu, R, De Marne, P, Denk, S, Denner, P, Dibon, M, Di Siena, A, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Faust, I, Felici, F, Ferreira, J, Fietz, S, Figuereido, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Freethy, S, Froschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Funfgelder, H, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason-Gonzalez, C, Gloggler, S, Gobbin, M, Gorler, T, Gomez Ortiz, I, Gonzalez Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gradic, D, Grater, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Gunter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Den Harder, N, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Hauer, V, Hayward-Schneider, T, Hegna, C, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, M, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hofler, K, Holzl, M, Hoschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hornsby, W, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Janky, F, Jansen Van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kasemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kjer Hansen, S, Klevarova, V, Kocsis, G, Kohn, A, Koubiti, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kramer-Flecken, A, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Labit, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lebschy, A, Leuthold, N, Li, M, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Lu, Z, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Maceina, T, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Martens, C, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Martitsch, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, O, Miettunen, J, Milanesio, D, Mink, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moon, C, Nabais, F, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Novikau, I, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Penzel, F, Petersson, P, Pinzon Acosta, J, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Pitts, R, Plank, U, Plaum, B, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Prisiazhniuk, D, Putterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Raupp, G, Ravera, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Ribeiro, T, Riesch, J, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Seliunin, E, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shao, L, Sharapov, S, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Smigelskis, E, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stegmeir, A, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suarez, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytova, E, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teschke, M, Terranova, D, Tierens, W, Thoren, E, Told, D, Tolias, P, Tudisco, O, Treutterer, W, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Vanovac, B, Van Vugt, D, Varoutis, S, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, N, Wang, X, Weiland, M, White, A, Wiesen, S, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Xiang, L, Yang, Q, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zhang, W, Van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Meyer, H., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP111: Ingeniería Mecánica, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culham Science Centre, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Department of Applied Physics, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, University of Lisbon, Eindhoven University of Technology, National Research Council of Italy, Princeton University, CEA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, University of Warwick, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of York, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, University of Seville, University of Milan - Bicocca, Fusion and Plasma Physics, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vienna University of Technology, Max-Planck Computing and Data Facility, General Atomics, Université Paris-Saclay, Graz University of Technology, Institut für Grenzflachenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Ghent University, ITER Organization, University of California Davis, Polytechnic University of Turin, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University College Cork, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Cagliari, ITER, CIEMAT, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Angioni, C., Albert, C. G., Arden, N., Arredondo Parra, R., Asunta, O., De Baar, M., Balden, M., Bandaru, V., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Blanken, T. C., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Bolzonella, T., Bortolon, A., Boswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., Van Den Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Camenen, Y., Carlton, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Cazzaniga, C., Ceccuzzi, S., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, S., Cianfarani, C., Clairet, F., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G. D., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Cote, T. B., Creely, A., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., David, P., Day, C., Delogu, R., De Marne, P., Denk, S. S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Faust, I., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Fietz, S., Figuereido, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Funfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giannone, L., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloggler, S., Gobbin, M., Gorler, T., Gomez Ortiz, I., Gonzalez Martin, J., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Grater, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Gunter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Den Harder, N., Harrer, G. F., Harrison, J., Hauer, V., Hayward-Schneider, T., Hegna, C. C., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, M. F., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Hofler, K., Holzl, M., Hoschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hornsby, W. A., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V., Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Janky, F., Jansen Van Vuuren, A., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kasemann, C. -P., Kallenbach, A., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kjer Hansen, S., Klevarova, V., Kocsis, G., Kohn, A., Koubiti, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kramer-Flecken, A., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Labit, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lebschy, A., Leuthold, N., Li, M., Linder, O., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Lu, Z., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N. C., Lunsford, R., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Maceina, T., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M. -E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin, P., Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcdermott, R., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Milanesio, D., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nabais, F., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Noterdaeme, J. -M., Novikau, I., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Pan, O., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Penzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon Acosta, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pitts, R., Plank, U., Plaum, B., Ploeckl, B., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Putterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Raupp, G., Ravera, G. L., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Ribeiro, T., Riesch, J., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Seliunin, E., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Sias, G., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silvagni, D., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Smigelskis, E., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stegmeir, A., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sun, H. -J., Suttrop, W., Sytova, E., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teschke, M., Terranova, D., Tierens, W., Thoren, E., Told, D., Tolias, P., Tudisco, O., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Van Vugt, D., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Von Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Wiesen, S., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zhang, W., Van Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team
Subjects: Magnetic confinement, Edge-localized modes (ELMs), Nuclear engineering, PLASMAS, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, ASDEX Upgrade, ITER, MODE, Physics, iter, Divertor, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, mode, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Tokamak physics, Física nuclear, tokamak physics, Tokamaks, FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, DEMO, nuclear fusion, Electron cyclotron resonance, Resonant magnetic perturbations, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, SOLID TUNGSTEN DIVERTOR, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], demo, plasmas, solid tungsten divertor, flux, ___, HEAVY ALLOYS, Magnetohydrodynamics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], heavy alloys
Abstract: The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme, jointly run with the EUROfusion MST1 task force, continues to significantly enhance the physics base of ITER and DEMO. Here, the full tungsten wall is a key asset for extrapolating to future devices. The high overall heating power, flexible heating mix and comprehensive diagnostic set allows studies ranging from mimicking the scrape-off-layer and divertor conditions of ITER and DEMO at high density to fully non-inductive operation (q95 = 5.5, ) at low density. Higher installed electron cyclotron resonance heating power 6 MW, new diagnostics and improved analysis techniques have further enhanced the capabilities of AUG. Stable high-density H-modes with MW m−1 with fully detached strike-points have been demonstrated. The ballooning instability close to the separatrix has been identified as a potential cause leading to the H-mode density limit and is also found to play an important role for the access to small edge-localized modes (ELMs). Density limit disruptions have been successfully avoided using a path-oriented approach to disruption handling and progress has been made in understanding the dissipation and avoidance of runaway electron beams. ELM suppression with resonant magnetic perturbations is now routinely achieved reaching transiently . This gives new insight into the field penetration physics, in particular with respect to plasma flows. Modelling agrees well with plasma response measurements and a helically localised ballooning structure observed prior to the ELM is evidence for the changed edge stability due to the magnetic perturbations. The impact of 3D perturbations on heat load patterns and fast-ion losses have been further elaborated. Progress has also been made in understanding the ELM cycle itself. Here, new fast measurements of and Er allow for inter ELM transport analysis confirming that Er is dominated by the diamagnetic term even for fast timescales. New analysis techniques allow detailed comparison of the ELM crash and are in good agreement with nonlinear MHD modelling. The observation of accelerated ions during the ELM crash can be seen as evidence for the reconnection during the ELM. As type-I ELMs (even mitigated) are likely not a viable operational regime in DEMO studies of 'natural' no ELM regimes have been extended. Stable I-modes up to have been characterised using -feedback. Core physics has been advanced by more detailed characterisation of the turbulence with new measurements such as the eddy tilt angle—measured for the first time—or the cross-phase angle of and fluctuations. These new data put strong constraints on gyro-kinetic turbulence modelling. In addition, carefully executed studies in different main species (H, D and He) and with different heating mixes highlight the importance of the collisional energy exchange for interpreting energy confinement. A new regime with a hollow profile now gives access to regimes mimicking aspects of burning plasma conditions and lead to nonlinear interactions of energetic particle modes despite the sub-Alfvénic beam energy. This will help to validate the fast-ion codes for predicting ITER and DEMO. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under grant agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. "Article signat per més de 100 autors/es: H. Meyer, for the AUG Team: D. Aguiam, C. Angioni, C.G. Albert, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, O. Asunta, M. de Baar, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T.C. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Bolzonella, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, D. Carlton, M. Carr, D. Carralero, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, S. Ceccuzzi, C. Challis, A. Chankin, S. Chapman, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G.D. Conway, S. Costea, D.P. Coster, T.B. Cote, A. Creely, G. Croci, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D'Arcangelo, P. David, C. Day, R. Delogu, P. de Marné, S.S. Denk, P. Denner, M. Dibon, A. Di Siena, D. Douai, A. Drenik, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, H. Faugel, I. Faust, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, S. Fietz, A. Figuereido, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, S. Freethy, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garcia-Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, C. Gleason-González, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, T. Görler, I. Gomez Ortiz, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, D. Gradic, A. Gräter, G. Granucci, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, S. Günter, L. Guimarais, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G.F. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, C.C. Hegna, B. Heinemann, S. Heinzel, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, M.F. Heyn, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, M. Hölzl, T. Höschen, J.H. Holm, C. Hopf, W.A. Hornsby, L. Horvath, A. Houben, A. Huber, V. Igochine, T. Ilkei, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, A.S. Jacobsen, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, C.-P. Käsemann, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, S. Kasilov,, Y. Kazakov, W. Kernbichler, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, A. Köhn, M. Koubiti, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, A. Krämer-Flecken, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, A. Lebschy, N. Leuthold, M. Li, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, F. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, R. Maggiora, H. Maier, O. Maj, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, M.-E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Martens, P. Martin, L. Marrelli, A. Martitsch, M. Mayer, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, H. Meister, A. Medvedeva, R. Merkel, A. Merle, V. Mertens, D. Meshcheriakov, O. Meyer, J. Miettunen, D. Milanesio, F. Mink, A. Mlynek, F. Monaco, C. Moon, F. Nabais, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, V. Nikolaeva, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, M. Oberparleiter, R. Ochoukov, T. Odstrcil, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, F. Penzel, P. Petersson, J. Pinzón Acosta, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, R. Pitts, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, S. Potzel, D. Prisiazhniuk, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G.A. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, G.L. Ravera, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, T. Ribeiro, J. Riesch, R. Riedl, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, A. Ross1, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, A. Scarabosio, G. Schall, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, T. Semer, E. Seliunin, M. Sertoli, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, L. Shao, S. Sharapov, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, P. Simon, J. Simpson, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, M. Teschke, D. Terranova, W. Tierens, E. Thorén, D. Told, P. Tolias, O. Tudisco, W. Treutterer, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, B. Vanovac, D. van Vugt, S. Varoutis, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, N. Wang, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, S. Wiesen, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, L. Xiang, Q. Yang, Z. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, W. Zhang, M. van Zeeland, T. Zehetbauer, M. Zilker, S. Zoletnik, H. Zohm and the EUROfusion MST1 Team55
Published: 2018

32. Predicting rotation for ITER via studies of intrinsic torque and momentum transport in DIII-D

Author: G. M. Staebler, Brian Grierson, Anna Salmi, T. Tala, Colin Chrystal, W. M. Solomon, J.S. deGrassie, C.C. Petty, and K. H. Burrell
Subjects: momentum transports, DIII-D, shear flow, Gyroradius, gyrokinetic codes, torque, forecasting, momentum, Collisionality, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, rotation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Momentum diffusion, momentum confinement, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, turbulent transports, Torque, shear suppression, magnetoplasma, 010306 general physics, ta216, dimensionless parameters, Physics, Momentum (technical analysis), ta214, Momentum transfer, momentum transfer, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, safety factor, Atomic physics, momentum diffusivity, transport measurements
Abstract: Experiments at the DIII-D tokamak have used dimensionless parameter scans to investigate the dependencies of intrinsic torque and momentum transport in order to inform a prediction of the rotation profile in ITER. Measurements of intrinsic torque profiles and momentum confinement time in dimensionless parameter scans of normalized gyroradius and collisionality are used to predict the amount of intrinsic rotation in the pedestal of ITER. Additional scans of Te/Ti and safety factor are used to determine the accuracy of momentum flux predictions of the quasi-linear gyrokinetic code TGLF. In these scans, applications of modulated torque are used to measure the incremental momentum diffusivity, and results are consistent with the E×B shear suppression of turbulent transport. These incremental transport measurements are also compared with the TGLF results. In order to form a prediction of the rotation profile for ITER, the pedestal prediction is used as a boundary condition to a simulation that uses TGLF to determine the transport in the core of the plasma. The predicted rotation is ≈20 krad/s in the core, lower than in many current tokamak operating scenarios. TGLF predictions show that this rotation is still significant enough to have a strong effect on confinement via E×B shear.
Published: 2017

33. A path to stable low-torque plasma operation in ITER with test blanket modules

Author: H. Reimerdes, Anna Salmi, T.K. Gray, R. J. Buttery, R.J. La Haye, Joseph Snipes, M. A. Van Zeeland, Jeremy Hanson, Brian Grierson, Daisuke Shiraki, J.S. deGrassie, G. J. Kramer, David Pace, W. M. Solomon, M.J. Lanctot, Nikolas Logan, J. D. King, E. J. Strait, T. Tala, A.M. Garofalo, Carlos Paz-Soldan, and Jinseop Park
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, DIII-D, Nuclear engineering, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, error fields, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, Heat flux, Electromagnetic coil, Physics::Plasma Physics, Beta (plasma physics), ITER, 0103 physical sciences, test blanket modules, 010306 general physics, Plasma stability
Abstract: New experiments in the low-torque ITER Q = 10 scenario on DIII-D demonstrate that n = 1 magnetic fields from a single row of ex-vessel control coils enable operation at ITER performance metrics in the presence of applied non-axisymmetric magnetic fields from a test blanket module (TBM) mock-up coil. With n = 1 compensation, operation below the ITER-equivalent injected torque is successful at three times the ITER equivalent toroidal magnetic field ripple for a pair of TBMs in one equatorial port, whereas the uncompensated TBM field leads to rotation collapse, loss of H-mode and plasma current disruption. In companion experiments at high plasma beta, where the n = 1 plasma response is enhanced, uncorrected TBM fields degrade energy confinement and the plasma angular momentum while increasing fast ion losses; however, disruptions are not routinely encountered owing to increased levels of injected neutral beam torque. In this regime, n = 1 field compensation leads to recovery of a dominant fraction of the TBM-induced plasma pressure and rotation degradation, and an 80% reduction in the heat load to the first wall. These results show that the n = 1 plasma response plays a dominant role in determining plasma stability, and that n = 1 field compensation alone not only recovers most of the impact on plasma performance of the TBM, but also protects the first wall from potentially damaging heat flux. Despite these benefits, plasma rotation braking from the TBM fields cannot be fully recovered using standard error field control. Given the uncertainty in extrapolation of these results to the ITER configuration, it is prudent to design the TBMs with as low a ferromagnetic mass as possible without jeopardizing the TBM mission.
Published: 2017

34. Dependence of intrinsic torque and momentum confinement on normalized gyroradius and collisionality in the DIII-D tokamak

Author: T. Tala, Brian Grierson, Colin Chrystal, Anna Salmi, W. M. Solomon, J.S. deGrassie, C.C. Petty, and K. H. Burrell
Subjects: Normalization (statistics), Physics, Tokamak, ta214, DIII-D, Gyroradius, Collisionality, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Plasma flow, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Torque, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ta216, Scaling
Abstract: The dependence of intrinsic torque and momentum confinement time on normalized gyroradius ( ρ*) and collisionality ( ν*) has been measured in the DIII-D tokamak. The intrinsic torque normalized to temperature is found to have ρ* and ν* dependencies of ρ*−1.5±0.8 and ν*0.26±0.04. This dependence on ρ* is unexpectedly favorable (increasing as ρ* decreases). The choice of normalization is important, and the implications are discussed. The unexpected dependence on ρ* is found to be robust, despite some uncertainty in the choice of normalization. The dependence of momentum confinement on ρ* does not clearly demonstrate Bohm or gyro-Bohm like scaling, and a weaker dependence on ν* is found. The calculations required to use these dependencies to determine the intrinsic torque in future tokamaks such as ITER are presented, and the importance of the normalization is explained. Based on the currently available information, the intrinsic torque predicted for ITER is 33 N m, comparable to the expected torque available from neutral beam injection. The expected average intrinsic rotation associated with this intrinsic torque is small compared to current tokamaks, but it may still aid stability and performance in ITER.
Published: 2017

35. Overview of the JET results in support to ITER

Author: Alfredo Pironti, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, Sean Conroy, J. Uljanovs, D. Middleton-Gear, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, R. McAdams, Nicholas Watkins, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, A. Garcia-Carrasco, K. Gałązka, D. Nodwell, Pasquale Gaudio, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, C. Boyd, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Igor Lengar, Jarrod Leddy, Hiroyasu Utoh, J. H. Ahn, A. Stevens, J. Lönnroth, U. Kruezi, C. Guillemaut, N. Fonnesu, W. Studholme, Marek Rubel, P. Cahyna, O. McCormack, A. S. Jacobsen, D. Mazon, Gunta Kizane, N. Ashikawa, William Tang, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, Thomas Giegerich, G. Petravich, Angela Busse, Corneliu Porosnicu, M. Bigi, M. Wheatley, Christopher N. Bowman, J. Zacks, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, B. Bauvir, Stanislas Pamela, Sylvain Brémond, M.F. Stamp, Scott W. McIntosh, A. Rakha, S. Glöggler, V. Braic, C. Bottereau, S. Murphy, S. Knott, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, N. Vora, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, Gabriele Croci, M. Nocente, A. Hollingsworth, S. Reynolds, D. J. Wilson, D. D. Brown, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, E. Nilsson, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, E. Cecil, V. Huber, J. B. Girardo, Stylianos Varoutis, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, E. Safi, Ch. Day, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, A. Meigs, S. Esquembri, P. Gohil, K. Purahoo, Torbjörn Hellsten, N. Tipton, R. Guirlet, E. Joffrin, V. Aldred, Calin Besliu, M. Valentinuzzi, G. T. Jones, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, Laurent Marot, N. Lam, F. Crisanti, G. Verona Rinati, R. Marshal, Michael L. Brown, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, Michaele Freisinger, R. Olney, Jari Varje, S. Whetham, F. Parra Diaz, M. R. Hough, P. Dinca, F. Salzedas, A. Goodyear, R. Gowland, J. A. Wilson, J. Horacek, D. King, K. Flinders, I. R. Merrigan, M. Ghate, R. Michling, F. Saint-Laurent, G. Kocsis, D. Van Eester, C. Young, R. O. Dendy, A. Meakins, N. Pace, C. L. Hunter, D. Alegre, S. Foster, V. Riccardo, M. Bulman, C. Jeong, Marek Szawlowski, B. D. Whitehead, Vasily Kiptily, James Harrison, Hiroshi Tojo, G. T. A. Huijsmans, J. W. Coenen, X. Litaudon, Justin Williams, C. Hidalgo, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, A. W. Morris, R. Mooney, Yann Corre, S. Brezinsek, B. Gonçalves, M. Kresina, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, J. L. Gardarein, W. Davis, Aqsa Shabbir, Kanti M. Aggarwal, L. Colas, A. B. Kukushkin, Seppo Sipilä, Elisabeth Rachlew, Leena Aho-Mantila, O. G. Pompilian, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, P. Blanchard, Patrick Tamain, P. Camp, T. Szabolics, C. Luna, Kalle Heinola, H. G. Esser, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Hajime Urano, Roberta Lima Gomes, J.P. Coad, Th. Pütterich, A. Sinha, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, G. D. Ewart, F. S. Griph, T. Kobuchi, X. Lefebvre, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, S. Peschanyi, B. Graham, Giuseppe Telesca, M. Kempenaars, J. Bernardo, M. Hughes, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, T. J. Smith, P. Hertout, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Matthew Sibbald, Grégoire Hornung, C. Tame, Matthew Carr, S. Wray, P. T. Doyle, A. Somers, Giuseppe Chitarin, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, I. Jepu, David A. Wood, J. Miettunen, A. Sopplesa, Raffaele Fresa, S. Saarelma, M. Bacharis, J. Pozzi, P. Vallejos Olivares, Teddy Craciunescu, Raffaele Albanese, S. Knipe, Jason P. Byrne, A. C. C. Sips, S. Hazel, V. Kazantzidis, G. Stankūnas, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, C. Guerard, Pramit Dutta, J. E. Boom, Eduardo Alves, P. Grazier, Saskia Mordijck, V.S. Neverov, Kazuo Hoshino, A. P. Vadgama, P. D. Brennan, P. Innocente, Piergiorgio Sonato, M. Irishkin, M. Berry, D. W. Robson, Dieter Leichtle, Fabio Pisano, P. McCullen, T. M. Huddleston, Kensaku Kamiya, D. Pacella, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, B. Magesh, A. Ash, J. Mlynář, C. Castaldo, C. Marchetto, D. L. Hillis, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, E. Andersson Sundén, G. Ramogida, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, Yannis Kominis, R. Proudfoot, C. Noble, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, Hugo Bufferand, C. H. A. Hogben, B. Evans, R. Sartori, H. Greuner, M. G. Dunne, K. Schöpf, M. I. K. Santala, E. Giovannozzi, A. E. Shevelev, C. Gil, P. Boulting, P. Sagar, A.E. Shumack, P. A. Coates, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, J. C. Giacalone, S. Meshchaninov, A. Peackoc, G. De Temmerman, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, P. Santa, Sergey Popovichev, Ivan Lupelli, M. Valovic, Thomas Johnson, Y. Martynova, M. Rack, Olivier Sauter, J. Garcia, P. Siren, I. Balboa, S. Lee, Hans Nordman, R. Roccella, M. Faitsch, Julien Hillairet, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, V. Coccorese, Ye. O. Kazakov, R. El-Jorf, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Matthias Weiszflog, C. F. Maggi, Panagiotis Tolias, N. C. Hawkes, E. Clark, Bruno Santos, B. Sieglin, R. Rodionov, Roch Kwiatkowski, P. Denner, C. Woodley, Hugh Summers, Francesco Pizzo, G. Pucella, D. Croft, F. Di Maio, M. Tomes, D. Molina, A. Fernades, L. Amicucci, Marco Cecconello, A. Bisoffi, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Wilkinson, H. Maier, S. Rowe, M. Beckers, P.J. Knight, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, K. Deakin, M. Enachescu, A. Cobalt, D. Tskhakaya Jun, Michela Gelfusa, Rémy Nouailletas, R. Ragona, N. Bonanomi, D. A. Homfray, K. Riddle, Yann Camenen, J. D. Thomas, R.P. Doerner, Timothy P. Robinson, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, D. Pulley, A. Bécoulet, E. Tholerus, O. Bogar, M. Peterka, R. Crowe, C. Sommariva, A. R. Talbot, N. K. Butler, N. Reid, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, Juri Romazanov, Andre Neto, G. L. Ravera, Paolo Arena, A. Manning, F. Durodié, Maryna Chernyshova, D. Karkinsky, Štefan Matejčík, J. P. Thomas, A. Wilson, L. Joita, R. Naish, P. Strand, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, T. Powell, V. Schmidt, D. Barnes, José Vicente, S. Doswon, Daniel F. Valcarcel, Claudia Corradino, R. Warren, Annette M. Hynes, J. D. Strachan, A. M. Messiaen, M. Kovari, O. Omolayo, D. M. Witts, R. C. Felton, C. Fleming, C. A. Marren, Patrick Maget, J. Galdon-Quiroga, H. R. Koslowski, Bruce Lipschultz, Ana Elisa Bauer de Camargo Silva, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, M. Schneider, Sara Moradi, K. J. Nicholls, M. Beldishevski, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, A. Ekedahl, A. Lyssoivan, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, F. Jaulmes, A. Kirk, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Gabor Szepesi, R. C. Pereira, J. Juul Rasmussen, Nobuyuki Aiba, Michelle E. Walker, Gábor Cseh, Scott W. Mosher, R. Bastow, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, M. Curuia, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, J. Deane, João M. C. Sousa, Henrik Sjöstrand, T. O'Gorman, H. R. Wilson, P. Devynck, M. Price, C. A. Thompson, Daniele Marocco, A. Cullen, M. Clark, M. Lennholm, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Roland Sabot, I. Stepanov, N. Petrella, Filippo Sartori, L. W. Packer, P. Thomas, M. Lungu, A. V. Krasilnikov, R. Young, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, Duccio Testa, Pierre Dumortier, Paulo Carvalho, M. Gosk, Yong-Su Na, M. Buckley, Carlos A. Silva, V. Fuchs, K. Vasava, P. A. Tigwell, B. Wakeling, M. Medland, M. Bellinger, K. Gal, Petter Ström, E. Veshchev, F. Nabais, A. Wynn, L. Lauro Taroni, B. Beckett, L. Gil, M. Towndrow, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, V. Philipps, A. de Castro, D. Kinna, D. Conka, Göran Ericsson, L. Piron, J. Hawkins, D. Cooper, Kenneth Hammond, V.V. Parail, Cristian Ruset, G.J. van Rooij, M. N. A. Beurskens, N. Fawlk, G. Evison, M. Van De Mortel, N. Marcenko, B. Slade, Th. Franke, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, D. Baião, A. Martin de Aguilera, Frederic Imbeaux, Carlo Sozzi, J.L. de Pablos, J. Svensson, A. Withycombe, Ane Lasa, H. Sheikh, V.A. Yavorskij, Nick Walkden, E. Lerche, C. S. Gibson, Roberto Zanino, Y. Peysson, David Hatch, B. Bazylev, E. de la Cal, S. Hacquin, T. D. V. Haupt, S. A. Silburn, T.T.C. Jones, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, N. Teplova, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, W. W. Pires de Sa, T. C. Hender, J. K. Blackburn, I. Monakhov, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, J. Regana, Stefano Coda, Amanda J. Page, D. Fuller, António J.N. Batista, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, S. Cramp, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, A. Burckhart, M. Allinson, Larry R. Baylor, W. Leysen, D. B. Gin, P. Nielsen, A. Kantor, Yueqiang Liu, A.V. Stephen, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, B. C. Regan, Aleksander Drenik, A. Lukin, L. Thorne, G. Nemtsev, J. Denis, M. E. Graham, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, A. Cufar, Giuseppe Prestopino, D. Kogut, N. Pomaro, J. Keep, Jochen Linke, Shimpei Futatani, Boris Breizman, A. Sirinelli, M. Chandler, M. Fortune, F. Degli Agostini, I. Jenkins, T. Spelzini, G. Calabrò, O. N. Kent, A. Lunniss, Etienne Hodille, Z. Vizvary, Volker Naulin, T. Eich, F. Mink, A. Alkseev, P. W. Haydon, Massimo Angelone, Norberto Catarino, J. Lapins, Roberto Pasqualotto, R. Lawless, T. Schlummer, F. Bonelli, M. Wischmeier, Stéphane Devaux, G. Saibene, Dirk Reiser, Y. R. Martin, H. Bergsåker, Jon Godwin, Alessia Santucci, C. Lane, Justyna Grzonka, Ph. Mertens, Claudio Verona, David Moulton, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, P. G. Smith, T. Bolzonella, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, M. A. Henderson, M. Marinucci, T. Suzuki, Jakub Bielecki, João Figueiredo, M. Afzal, J. Cane, Robert Hager, Luciano Bertalot, M. Firdaouss, G. Tvalashvili, D. Hepple, D. Esteve, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, R. D'Inca, G. De Tommasi, Ch. Linsmeier, T. Nicolas, I. J. Pearson, P. Finburg, Ireneusz Książek, S. Talebzadeh, A. Czarnecka, A. Botrugno, M. Gethins, Bohdan Bieg, R. Baughan, I. Borodkina, B. Kos, A. Muraro, T. Vasilopoulou, G. Hermon, S.J. Wukitch, Jari Likonen, D. P. Coster, Guglielmo Rubinacci, I. H. Coffey, Justine M. Kent, S. E. Dorling, J. Dankowski, Geert Verdoolaege, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, A. Lescinskis, P. Staniec, Karl Schmid, M. Mayer, Peter Lang, T. Franklin, M.I. Williams, C. G. Elsmore, F. Maviglia, C. Di Troia, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, Yu Gao, Philipp Drews, E. Letellier, A. S. Thompson, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, E. Khilkevich, A. Manzanares, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, J. Edmond, Sebastián Dormido-Canto, R. Dux, C. Appelbee, L. Moser, Angelo Cenedese, D. Fagan, N. Richardson, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Rohde, R. Paprok, João P. S. Bizarro, P. Aleynikov, M. Sertoli, Ł. Świderski, Simone Palazzo, O. W. Davies, D. Douai, N. Macdonald, M. Baruzzo, J. López-Razola, M. Lungaroni, D. Clatworthy, R. Bravanec, J. Lovell, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, M. E. Puiatti, P. Papp, G. Bodnar, V. Aslanyan, A. Weckmann, K. A. Taylor, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, Ewa Pawelec, Miles M. Turner, Steven J. Meitner, M. Bernert, Ph. Maquet, R. C. Meadows, A. Shaw, N. Vianello, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, A. Fil, A. S. Couchman, Inessa Bolshakova, J. Fyvie, Konstantina Mergia, J. Gallagher, R.V. Budny, Frank Leipold, C. J. Rapson, R. C. Lobel, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Gianluca Rubino, G. Withenshaw, S. Maruyama, S. P. Hallworth Cook, M. Newman, Jérôme Bucalossi, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, I. Nedzelski, T. Donne, P. Leichuer, R. Cesario, M. D. J. Bright, T. Boyce, N. Imazawa, Per Petersson, R. King, A. Loving, L. Garzotti, Jorge Ferreira, G. Corrigan, D. Sandiford, B. Tal, P. Puglia, Daniel Tegnered, J. Karhunen, James S. Wright, Tom Wauters, J. McKehon, K. Rathod, Olivier Février, Alessandro Formisano, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, F. Medina, S. Collins, H. J. Boyer, Elena Bruno, Horacio Fernandes, M. J. Stead, R. Paccagnella, J. Kaniewski, Ion E. Stamatelatos, F. Causa, M. F. F. Nave, A. Patel, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, Mariano Ruiz, K. Dylst, Raymond A. Shaw, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, P. P. Pereira Puglia, J. Ongena, N. A. Benterman, V. N. Amosov, Christian Grisolia, J. Simpson, C. Perez von Thun, Jan Weiland, P. Tonner, F. Belli, T. Odupitan, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, Taina Kurki-Suonio, I. Uytdenhouwen, Estelle Gauthier, M. Oberkofler, B. Alper, Iris D. Young, S. Soare, Yuji Hatano, D. Reece, D. Borodin, M. Moneti, W. Yanling, S. Mianowski, K. Fenton, Stephen J. Bailey, R. Coelho, Sandra C. Chapman, E. Łaszyńska, A. R. Field, F.J. Martínez, Anders Nielsen, M. Smithies, M. J. Mantsinen, A. J. Capel, N. D. Smith, A. Pires dos Reis, M.-L. Mayoral, T. Loarer, P. Carman, N. Grazier, S. Breton, J. M. A. Bradshaw, Alexandre C. Pereira, Fulvio Auriemma, Fulvio Militello, Barbara Cannas, D. Ulyatt, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, R. Scannell, B. I. Oswuigwe, Darren Price, Robert E. Grove, D. Guard, M. Leyland, G. Stubbs, J. W. Banks, V.V. Plyusnin, M. S. J. Rainford, Andrea Murari, Sanjeev Ranjan, A. Huber, V. Krasilnikov, C. Bower, H. Leggate, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, G. Giruzzi, K. Maczewa, Colin Roach, P. Beaumont, R. P. Johnson, Anna Widdowson, L. A. Kogan, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, J. Morris, Robert Skilton, Katarzyna Słabkowska, M. A. Barnard, Jean-Paul Booth, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, R. Bament, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, T. Vu, P. Huynh, S.N. Gerasimov, D. I. Refy, Yunfeng Liang, Anders Hjalmarsson, S. Dalley, Roberto Ambrosino, O. Hemming, T. R. Blackman, Y. Zhou, Vasile Zoita, P. Vincenzi, A. Loarte, C. Rayner, Martin Imrisek, M. Tripsky, C. Mazzotta, A. Uccello, V. Basiuk, Lide Yao, V. Goloborod'ko, S. Villari, B. P. Duval, N. Bulmer, W. Zhang, L. Hackett, D. N. Borba, M. Halitovs, Mario Pillon, H. Arnichand, Alberto Alfier, A. Lawson, A. Masiello, T. Makkonen, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, D. Paton, L. Avotina, A. Krivska, M. Maslov, Richard Verhoeven, Marc Goniche, A. Broslawski, Marica Rebai, E. de la Luna, E. Militello-Asp, V. Cocilovo, L. Carraro, Michael Fitzgerald, Bernardo B. Carvalho, D. Young, C.G. Lowry, F. J. Casson, L.-G. Eriksson, T. M. Biewer, B. Esposito, F.G. Rimini, J. Fessey, G. Kaveney, S. Hall, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, N. Bekris, L. F. Ruchko, P. Batistoni, E. Alessi, M. G. O'Mullane, D. S. Darrow, C. N. Grundy, N. Hayter, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Brombin, Enrico Zilli, M. Valisa, M. Reich, S. Panja, C. Gurl, Charles Harrington, Emmanuele Peluso, M. Porton, Michael Walsh, D. Falie, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, J. M. Faustin, S. Cortes, S. Fietz, P. Piovesan, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, R. Neu, Bojiang Ding, G.A. Rattá, F. Reimold, R. Craven, M. Cox, J. Orszagh, Aaro Järvinen, A. S. Thrysøe, A. Shepherd, I. Ďuran, Andrew M. Edwards, A. Kinch, J. Beal, M. Gherendi, Martin Köppen, D. Samaddar, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, J. Jansons, Nengchao Wang, J. Wu, John Wright, S. Wiesen, C. King, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, K. Krieger, Václav Petržílka, D. Schworer, C. Watts, T. Keenan, Andrea Malizia, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, C. P. Lungu, V. Prajapati, Marco Ariola, C. Wellstood, S. Gilligan, Mirko Salewski, Michael Barnes, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, C. Kennedy, S. Jachmich, J. Caumont, Isabel L. Nunes, A. Petre, A. Kallenbach, M. Anghel, B. Lomanowski, Marco Riva, M. Romanelli, G. De Masi, T. May-Smith, T. Xu, A. Goussarov, S. Romanelli, M. Okabayashi, A. Baker, R. Salmon, T. Tala, Nicolas Fedorczak, S. Lanthaler, Giuliana Sias, J. Risner, Clarisse Bourdelle, M. E. Manso, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, M. Bassan, M. T. Ogawa, V. Thompson, A. M. Whitehead, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, Gennady Sergienko, E. Stefanikova, Mattia Frasca, H. Dabirikhah, Lorenzo Frassinetti, N. Dzysiuk, D. L. Keeling, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, Daniel Dunai, David Taylor, Arturo Buscarino, Carolina Björkas, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, M. Hill, Gwyndaf Evans, S. Minucci, Xiang Gao, A. V. Chankin, Francesco Romanelli, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, A. Owen, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, Petr Vondracek, Sehyun Kwak, P. Abreu, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, M. Cleverly, H.S. Kim, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, L. Fazendeiro, R. Cavazzana, P. J. Lomas, J. Hawes, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, S. P. Hotchin, N. R. Green, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, Linwei Li, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, N. Ben Ayed, Mario Cavinato, M. Goodliffe, C. Clements, D. Kenny, Axel Klix, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, Min-Gu Yoo, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, S. Potzel, D. Grist, K. Blackman, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, David Pfefferlé, W. Broeckx, D. Harting, S. G. J. Tyrrell, F. Binda, L. Horvath, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, Raul Moreno, G. M. D. Hogeweij, P. Card, A. Hagar, Ion Tiseanu, Rita Lorenzini, L. Appel, Jet Contributors, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, U. Samm, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, C. Taliercio, F. S. Zaitsev, G. F. Matthews, Tuomas Koskela, P. J. Howarth, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Amanda Hubbard, R. Otin, K. G. McClements, M. Park, R. McKean, C. Christopher Klepper, I. Karnowska, Peter J. Pool, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides (IMFS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Association EURATOM-TEKES, Association EURATOM-TEKES, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, Assoc. Euratom-ENEA-CREATE, Universita Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria [Reggio Calabria], EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), ITN, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ITER organization (ITER), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU), Institut d'ophtalmologie Hédi-Rais de Tunis, Service Cardiologie [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Cardiovasculaire et Métabolique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Assoc., Magnetic Sensor laboratory [Lviv] (MSL), National Polytechnic University of Lviv (LPNU), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics (IEK-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Problems of Material Science, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Institute of Plasma Physics [Praha], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie (3MI-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre G2I, Department of Hydraulics, Transportations and Roads, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires - UMR5100 (LMGM), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department (MS 388), University of Nevada [Reno], AUTRES, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] (IPPLM), Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] (ARC), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Mathematics [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Associazone EURATOM ENEA sulla Fusione, EURATOM, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS (LPP ERM KMS), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School (ERM KMS), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik (PDI), Institut für Physik, University of Basel (Unibas), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] (DIFFER), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] (DIFFER), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Dipartimento di Energia [Milano], Politecnico di Milano [Milan] (POLIMI), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lille économie management - UMR 9221 (LEM), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Euratom research and training programme 633053, Institut de Mécanique des Fluides et des Solides ( IMFS ), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland ( VTT ), Univ. Mediterranea RC, Culham Science Centre, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear ( ITN ), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] ( IPP ), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ITER Organization, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique ( LNIO ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique ( IRFM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), European Fusion Development Agreement [Garching bei München] ( EFDA-CSU ), Service de cardiologie [Toulouse], Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital de Rangueil, ITER [St. Paul-lez-Durance], ITER, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique ( LHEEA ), École Centrale de Nantes ( ECN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), MSL, Lviv Polytechnic National University ( MSL ), Lviv Polytechnic National University, Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion ( CERAG ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Plasma Physics ( IEK-4 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( NASU ), Lille - Economie et Management ( LEM ), Université catholique de Lille ( UCL ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] ( ASCR ), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires ( PIIM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Méthodes et Modèles Mathématiques pour l'Industrie ( 3MI-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre G2I, Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires ( LMGM ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Nevada, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion [Warsaw] ( IPPLM ), UCL Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Astrophysics Research Centre [Belfast] ( ARC ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Laboratoire d'Electronique et des Technologies de l'Information ( CEA-LETI ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères], Cardiff School of Mathematics, Laboratoire de physique des plasmas de l'ERM, Laboratorium voor plasmafysica van de KMS ( LPP ERM KMS ), Ecole Royale Militaire / Koninklijke Militaire School ( ERM KMS ), Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, University of Basel ( Unibas ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Nieuwegein] ( DIFFER ), Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research [Eindhoven] ( DIFFER ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano [Milan], Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres ( M2P2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, JET Contributors, Litaudon, X, Abduallev, S, Abhangi, M, Abreu, P, Afzal, M, Aggarwal, K, Ahlgren, T, Ahn, J, Aho Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Albanese, R, Aldred, V, Alegre, D, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Alfier, A, Alkseev, A, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amicucci, L, Amosov, V, Andersson SundÃ©n, E, Angelone, M, Anghel, M, Angioni, C, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Arena, P, Ariola, M, Arnichand, H, Arshad, S, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Asunta, O, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Axton, M, Ayres, C, Bacharis, M, Baciero, A, Baiã¡o, D, Bailey, S, Baker, A, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, N, Bament, R, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barnard, M, Barnes, D, Barnes, M, Barnsley, R, Baron Wiechec, A, Barrera Orte, L, Baruzzo, M, Basiuk, V, Bassan, M, Bastow, R, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baughan, R, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Bazylev, B, Beal, J, Beaumont, P, Beckers, M, Beckett, B, Becoulet, A, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Bell, K, Belli, F, Bellinger, M, Belonohy, Ã, Ben Ayed, N, Benterman, N, Bergsã¥ker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Besliu, C, Beurskens, M, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Biewer, T, Bigi, M, Bãlkovã¡, P, Binda, F, Bisoffi, A, Bizarro, J, Bjã¶rkas, C, Blackburn, J, Blackman, K, Blackman, T, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bodnã¡r, G, Bogar, O, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonelli, F, Boom, J, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Botrugno, A, Bottereau, C, Boulting, P, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Bower, C, Bowman, C, Boyce, T, Boyd, C, Boyer, H, Bradshaw, J, Braic, V, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Bremond, S, Brennan, P, Breton, S, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Bright, M, Brix, M, Broeckx, W, Brombin, M, Broså‚awski, A, Brown, D, Brown, M, Bruno, E, Bucalossi, J, Buch, J, Buchanan, J, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Bufferand, H, Bulman, M, Bulmer, N, Bunting, P, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butler, N, Bykov, I, Byrne, J, Cahyna, P, Calabrã², G, Calvo, I, Camenen, Y, Camp, P, Campling, D, Cane, J, Cannas, B, Capel, A, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, B, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catarino, N, Caumont, J, Causa, F, Cavazzana, R, Cave Ayland, K, Cavinato, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cecil, E, Cenedese, A, Cesario, R, Challis, C, Chandler, M, Chandra, D, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, I, Chapman, S, Chernyshova, M, Chitarin, G, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Clark, E, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clatworthy, D, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Cocilovo, V, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colas, L, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, D, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corre, Y, Corrigan, G, Cortes, S, Coster, D, Couchman, A, Cox, M, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Craven, R, Crisanti, F, Croci, G, Croft, D, Crombã©, K, Crowe, R, Cruz, N, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarnecka, A, Dabirikhah, H, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, Darrow, D, Davies, O, Davis, W, Day, C, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Castro, A, De La Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Masi, G, De Pablos, J, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Degli Agostini, F, Dejarnac, R, Delabie, E, Den Harder, N, Dendy, R, Denis, J, Denner, P, Devaux, S, Devynck, P, Di Maio, F, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dinca, P, D'Inca, R, Ding, B, Dittmar, T, Doerk, H, Doerner, R, Donnã©, T, Dorling, S, Dormido Canto, S, Doswon, S, Douai, D, Doyle, P, Drenik, A, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Duckworth, P, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Äžuran, I, Durodiã©, F, Dutta, P, Duval, B, Dux, R, Dylst, K, Dzysiuk, N, Edappala, P, Edmond, J, Edwards, A, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, El Jorf, R, Elsmore, C, Enachescu, M, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Esposito, B, Esquembri, S, Esser, H, Esteve, D, Evans, B, Evans, G, Evison, G, Ewart, G, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falie, D, Fanni, A, Fasoli, A, Faustin, J, Fawlk, N, Fazendeiro, L, Fedorczak, N, Felton, R, Fenton, K, Fernades, A, Fernandes, H, Ferreira, J, Fessey, J, Fã©vrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Fietz, S, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Finburg, P, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, U, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Fleming, C, Flinders, K, Fonnesu, N, Fontdecaba, J, Formisano, A, Forsythe, L, Fortuna, L, Fortuna Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Foster, S, Franke, T, Franklin, T, Frasca, M, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Frigione, D, Fuchs, V, Fuller, D, Futatani, S, Fyvie, J, Gã¡l, K, Galassi, D, Gaå‚azka, K, Galdon Quiroga, J, Gallagher, J, Gallart, D, Galvã¡o, R, Gao, X, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia Carrasco, A, GarcÃa MuÃ±oz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaudio, P, Gauthier, E, Gear, D, Gee, S, Geiger, B, Gelfusa, M, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Ghate, M, Gherendi, M, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, C, Giegerich, T, Gil, C, Gil, L, Gilligan, S, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Girardo, J, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Glã¶ggler, S, Godwin, J, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborod'Ko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodliffe, M, Goodyear, A, Gorini, G, Gosk, M, Goulding, R, Goussarov, A, Gowland, R, Graham, B, Graham, M, Graves, J, Grazier, N, Grazier, P, Green, N, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griph, F, Grisolia, C, Grist, D, Groth, M, Grove, R, Grundy, C, Grzonka, J, Guard, D, Guã©rard, C, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gurl, C, Utoh, H, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hagar, A, Hager, R, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth Cook, S, Hamlyn Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harrington, C, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hasenbeck, F, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hawkins, P, Haydon, P, Hayter, N, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heinola, K, Hellesen, C, Hellsten, T, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Hender, T, Henderson, M, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Hermon, G, Hertout, P, Hidalgo, C, Highcock, E, Hill, M, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hillis, D, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Hogben, C, Hogeweij, G, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Homfray, D, Horã¡ä ek, J, Hornung, G, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Hough, M, Howarth, P, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Hughes, M, Huijsmans, G, Hunter, C, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iglesias, D, Imazawa, N, Imbeaux, F, Imrãå¡ek, M, Incelli, M, Innocente, P, Irishkin, M, Ivanova Stanik, I, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, Jansons, J, Jardin, A, Jã¤rvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jednorã³g, S, Jenkins, I, Jeong, C, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Joita, L, Jones, G, Jones, T, Hoshino, K, Kallenbach, A, Kamiya, K, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Karnowska, I, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Keenan, T, Keep, J, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kenny, D, Kent, J, Kent, O, Khilkevich, E, Kim, H, Kinch, A, King, C, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirk, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kizane, G, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Knight, P, Knipe, S, Knott, S, Kobuchi, T, Kã¶chl, F, Kocsis, G, Kodeli, I, Kogan, L, Kogut, D, Koivuranta, S, Kominis, Y, Kã¶ppen, M, Kos, B, Koskela, T, Koslowski, H, Koubiti, M, Kovari, M, Kowalska StrzÈ©ciwilk, E, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Krawczyk, N, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Ksiaå¼ek, I, Kukushkin, A, Kundu, A, Kurki Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Kwiatkowski, R, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, C, Lang, P, Lanthaler, S, Lapins, J, Lasa, A, Last, J, Å aszyå„ska, E, Lawless, R, Lawson, A, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Leddy, J, Lee, S, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leichuer, P, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lesnoj, S, Letellier, E, Leyland, M, Leysen, W, Li, L, Liang, Y, Likonen, J, Linke, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Liu, G, Liu, Y, Lo Schiavo, V, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lã¶nnroth, J, Lã³pez, J, LÃ³pez Razola, J, Lorenzini, R, Losada, U, Lovell, J, Loving, A, Lowry, C, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lungu, M, Lunniss, A, Lupelli, I, Lyssoivan, A, Macdonald, N, Macheta, P, Maczewa, K, Magesh, B, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Makkonen, T, Makwana, R, Malaquias, A, Malizia, A, Manas, P, Manning, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marandet, Y, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Marinelli, M, Marinucci, M, Markoviä , T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marren, C, Marshal, R, Martin, A, Martin, Y, MartÃn De Aguilera, A, Martãnez, F, MartÃn SolÃs, J, Martynova, Y, Maruyama, S, Masiello, A, Maslov, M, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, May Smith, T, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mccormack, O, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcintosh, S, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Meadows, R, Meakins, A, Medina, F, Medland, M, Medley, S, Meigh, S, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Meneses, L, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merrigan, I, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Meyer, H, Mianowski, S, Michling, R, Middleton Gear, D, Miettunen, J, Militello, F, Militello Asp, E, Miloshevsky, G, Mink, F, Minucci, S, Miyoshi, Y, Mlynã¡å™, J, Molina, D, Monakhov, I, Moneti, M, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Moreno, R, Moro, F, Morris, A, Morris, J, Moser, L, Mosher, S, Moulton, D, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Murphy, S, Asakura, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naish, R, Nakano, T, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelski, I, Nemtsev, G, Nespoli, F, Neto, A, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Newman, M, Nicholls, K, Nicolas, T, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, P, Nilsson, E, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Nouailletas, R, Nunes, I, Oberkofler, M, Odupitan, T, Ogawa, M, O'Gorman, T, Okabayashi, M, Olney, R, Omolayo, O, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Oswuigwe, B, Otin, R, Owen, A, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Pacella, D, Packer, L, Page, A, Pajuste, E, Palazzo, S, Pamela, S, Panja, S, Papp, P, Paprok, R, Parail, V, Park, M, Parra Diaz, F, Parsons, M, Pasqualotto, R, Patel, A, Pathak, S, Paton, D, Patten, H, Pau, A, Pawelec, E, Paz Soldan, C, Peackoc, A, Pearson, I, Pehkonen, S, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pereira, A, Pereira, R, Pereira Puglia, P, Perez Von Thun, C, Peruzzo, S, Peschanyi, S, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petre, A, Petrella, N, Petrå¾ilka, V, Peysson, Y, Pfefferlã©, D, Philipps, V, Pillon, M, Pintsuk, G, Piovesan, P, Pires Dos Reis, A, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Pitts, R, Pizzo, F, Plyusnin, V, Pomaro, N, Pompilian, O, Pool, P, Popovichev, S, Porfiri, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Possnert, G, Potzel, S, Powell, T, Pozzi, J, Prajapati, V, Prakash, R, Prestopino, G, Price, D, Price, M, Price, R, Prior, P, Proudfoot, R, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Puiatti, M, Pulley, D, Purahoo, K, Pã¼tterich, T, Rachlew, E, Rack, M, Ragona, R, Rainford, M, Rakha, A, Ramogida, G, Ranjan, S, Rapson, C, 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D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Ström, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Świderski, Ł., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tál, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysøe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomeš, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Tskhakaya jun, D., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. 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W., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Hôpital de Rangueil, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de microbiologie et génétique moléculaires (LMGM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Energia [Milano] (DENG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Research Centre Julich (FZJ), Institute for Plasma Research, Instituto Superior Tecnico Lisboa, Queen's University Belfast, University of Helsinki, CEA, Department of Applied Physics, School services, SCI, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, VTT, University of Naples Federico II, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, CNR, Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Ente Per Le Nuove Tecnologie L'energia e l'ambiente, Troitsk Institute for Innovation and Fusion Research, Uppsala University, National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Max-Planck-Institut fur Plasmaphysik, University of Catania, Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, National Institutes of Natural Sciences - National Institute for Fusion Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Latvia, Imperial College London, CIEMAT, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology KIT, University of York, Royal Institute of Technology, Maritime University of Szczecin, H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Czech Academy of Sciences, University of Trento, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Comenius University, University of Milan - Bicocca, National Institute for Optoelectronics, Fourth State Research, University of Texas at Austin, Belgian Nuclear Research Center, National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Princeton University, CNRS, University of Cagliari, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, FOM Institute DIFFER, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Ghent University, J. Stefan Institute, Universite de Lorraine, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, University of California at San Diego, Koninklijke Militaire School - Ecole Royale Militaire, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, School services, ELEC, Department of Signal Processing and Acoustics, Automaatio- ja systeemitekniik, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Second University of Naples, Warsaw University of Technology, Universita della Basilicata, Barcelona Supercomp. Center, Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Sähkötekniikan laitos, University of Rome Tor Vergata, RAS - Ioffe Physico Technical Institute, General Atomics, University of Innsbruck, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Toyama, University of Strathclyde, National Technical University of Athens, Universita della Tuscia, Technical University of Denmark, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul National University, University College Cork, Vienna University of Technology, University of Opole, Daegu University, National Fusion Research Institute, Dublin City University, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, PELIN LLC, Arizona State University, Universidad Complutense, University of Basel, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Consorzio CREATE, Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research, Purdue University, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, School Services, ARTS, Department of Design, University of California Office of the President, Universidade de Sao Paulo, School Services, BIZ, Department of Information and Service Management, Lithuanian Energy Institute, HRS Fusion, Politecnico di Torino, University of Cassino, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, and Faculdade de Engenharia
Subjects: Technology, fusion, Física [Ciências exactas e naturais], Tokamak, Nuclear engineering, DIAGNOSTICS, 01 natural sciences, ILW, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ilw, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Plasma, H-Mode Plasmas, law, ITER, Disruption Prediction, COLLISIONALITY, EDGE LOCALIZED MODES, Diagnostics, Operation, JET, plasma, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Physics, Jet (fluid), JET, plasma, fusion, ITER, Divertor, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, DENSITY PEAKING, Carbon Wall, H-MODE PLASMAS, [ SPI.MECA.MEFL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Density Peaking, Neutron transport, Facing Components, Collisionality, 114 Physical sciences, Física, Física, Nuclear physics, Physical sciences [Natural sciences], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Pedestal, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Fusion, Physics, Physical sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physic, Edge Localized Modes, QC717, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Reactors de fusió, Física, FACING COMPONENTS, Fusion reactors, Jet, CARBON WALL, DISRUPTION PREDICTION, OPERATION, ddc:600
Abstract: The 2014–2016 JET results are reviewed in the light of their significance for optimising the ITER research plan for the active and non-active operation. More than 60 h of plasma operation with ITER first wall materials successfully took place since its installation in 2011. New multi-machine scaling of the type I-ELM divertor energy flux density to ITER is supported by first principle modelling. ITER relevant disruption experiments and first principle modelling are reported with a set of three disruption mitigation valves mimicking the ITER setup. Insights of the L–H power threshold in Deuterium and Hydrogen are given, stressing the importance of the magnetic configurations and the recent measurements of fine-scale structures in the edge radial electric. Dimensionless scans of the core and pedestal confinement provide new information to elucidate the importance of the first wall material on the fusion performance. H-mode plasmas at ITER triangularity (H = 1 at ßN ~ 1.8 and n/nGW ~ 0.6) have been sustained at 2 MA during 5 s. The ITER neutronics codes have been validated on high performance experiments. Prospects for the coming D–T campaign and 14 MeV neutron calibration strategy are reviewed. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 1.173 autors/es: X. Litaudon35, S. Abduallev39, M. Abhangi46, P. Abreu53, M. Afzal7, K.M. Aggarwal29, T. Ahlgren101, J.H. Ahn8, L. Aho-Mantila112, N. Aiba69, M. Airila112, R. Albanese105, V. Aldred7, D. Alegre93, E. Alessi45, P. Aleynikov55, A. Alfier12, A. Alkseev72, M. Allinson7, B. Alper7, E. Alves53, G. Ambrosino105, R. Ambrosino106, L. Amicucci90, V. Amosov88, E. Andersson Sundén22, M. Angelone90, M. Anghel85, C. Angioni62, L. Appel7, C. Appelbee7, P. Arena30, M. Ariola106, H. Arnichand8, S. Arshad41, A. Ash7, N. Ashikawa68, V. Aslanyan64, O. Asunta1, F. Auriemma12, Y. Austin7, L. Avotina103, M.D. Axton7, C. Ayres7, M. Bacharis24, A. Baciero57, D. Baião53, S. Bailey7, A. Baker7, I. Balboa7, M. Balden62, N. Balshaw7, R. Bament7, J.W. Banks7, Y.F. Baranov7, M.A. Barnard7, D. Barnes7, M. Barnes27, R. Barnsley55, A. Baron Wiechec7, L. Barrera Orte34, M. Baruzzo12, V. Basiuk8, M. Bassan55, R. Bastow7, A. Batista53, P. Batistoni90, R. Baughan7, B. Bauvir55, L. Baylor73, B. Bazylev56, J. Beal110, P.S. Beaumont7, M. Beckers39, B. Beckett7, A. Becoulet8, N. Bekris35, M. Beldishevski7, K. Bell7, F. Belli90, M. Bellinger7, É. Belonohy62, N. Ben Ayed7, N.A. Benterman7, H. Bergsåker42, J. Bernardo53, M. Bernert62, M. Berry7, L. Bertalot55, C. Besliu7, M. Beurskens63, B. Bieg61, J. Bielecki47, T. Biewer73, M. Bigi12, P. Bílková50, F. Binda22, A. Bisoffi31, J.P.S. Bizarro53, C. Björkas101, J. Blackburn7, K. Blackman7, T.R. Blackman7, P. Blanchard33, P. Blatchford7, V. Bobkov62, A. Boboc7, G. Bodnár113, O. Bogar18, I. Bolshakova60, T. Bolzonella12, N. Bonanomi97, F. Bonelli56, J. Boom62, J. Booth7, D. Borba35,53, D. Borodin39, I. Borodkina39, A. Botrugno90, C. Bottereau8, P. Boulting7, C. Bourdelle8, M. Bowden7, C. Bower7, C. Bowman110, T. Boyce7, C. Boyd7, H.J. Boyer7, J.M.A. Bradshaw7, V. Braic87, R. Bravanec40, B. Breizman107, S. Bremond8, P.D. Brennan7, S. Breton8, A. Brett7, S. Brezinsek39, M.D.J. Bright7, M. Brix7, W. Broeckx78, M. Brombin12, A. Brosławski65, D.P.D. Brown7, M. Brown7, E. Bruno55, J. Bucalossi8, J. Buch46, J. Buchanan7, M.A. Buckley7, R. Budny76, H. Bufferand8, M. Bulman7, N. Bulmer7, P. Bunting7, P. Buratti90, A. Burckhart62, A. Buscarino30, A. Busse7, N.K. Butler7, I. Bykov42, J. Byrne7, P. Cahyna50, G. Calabrò90, I. Calvo57, Y. Camenen4, P. Camp7, D.C. Campling7, J. Cane7, B. Cannas17, A.J. Capel7, P.J. Card7, A. Cardinali90, P. Carman7, M. Carr7, D. Carralero62, L. Carraro12, B.B. Carvalho53, I. Carvalho53, P. Carvalho53, F.J. Casson7, C. Castaldo90, N. Catarino53, J. Caumont7, F. Causa90, R. Cavazzana12, K. Cave-Ayland7, M. Cavinato12, M. Cecconello22, S. Ceccuzzi90, E. Cecil76, A. Cenedese12, R. Cesario90, C.D. Challis7, M. Chandler7, D. Chandra46, C.S. Chang76, A. Chankin62, I.T. Chapman7, S.C. Chapman28, M. Chernyshova49, G. Chitarin12, G. Ciraolo8, D. Ciric7, J. Citrin38, F. Clairet8, E. Clark7, M. Clark7, R. Clarkson7, D. Clatworthy7, C. Clements7, M. Cleverly7, J.P. Coad7, P.A. Coates7, A. Cobalt7, V. Coccorese105, V. Cocilovo90, S. Coda33, R. Coelho53, J.W. Coenen39, I. Coffey29, L. Colas8, S. Collins7, D. Conka103, S. Conroy22, N. Conway7, D. Coombs7, D. Cooper7, S.R. Cooper7, C. Corradino30, Y. Corre8, G. Corrigan7, S. Cortes53, D. Coster62, A.S. Couchman7, M.P. Cox7, T. Craciunescu86, S. Cramp7, R. Craven7, F. Crisanti90, G. Croci97, D. Croft7, K. Crombé15, R. Crowe7, N. Cruz53, G. Cseh113, A. Cufar81, A. Cullen7, M. Curuia85, A. Czarnecka49, H. Dabirikhah7, P. Dalgliesh7, S. Dalley7, J. Dankowski47, D. Darrow76, O. Davies7, W. Davis55,76, C. Day56, I.E. Day7, M. De Bock55, A. de Castro57, E. de la Cal57, E. de la Luna57, G. De Masi12, J. L. de Pablos57, G. De Temmerman55, G. De Tommasi105, P. de Vries55, K. Deakin7, J. Deane7, F. Degli Agostini12, R. Dejarnac50, E. Delabie73, N. den Harder38, R.O. Dendy7, J. Denis8, P. Denner39, S. Devaux62,104, P. Devynck8, F. Di Maio55, A. Di Siena62, C. Di Troia90, P. Dinca86, R. D’Inca62, B. Ding51, T. Dittmar39, H. Doerk62, R.P. Doerner9, T. Donné34, S.E. Dorling7, S. Dormido-Canto93, S. Doswon7, D. Douai8, P.T. Doyle7, A. Drenik62,81, P. Drewelow63, P. Drews39, Ph. Duckworth55, R. Dumont8, P. Dumortier58, D. Dunai113, M. Dunne62, I. Ďuran50, F. Durodié58, P. Dutta46, B. P. Duval33, R. Dux62, K. Dylst78, N. Dzysiuk22, P.V. Edappala46, J. Edmond7, A.M. Edwards7, J. Edwards7, Th. Eich62, A. Ekedahl8, R. El-Jorf7, C.G. Elsmore7, M. Enachescu84, G. Ericsson22, F. Eriksson16, J. Eriksson22, L.G. Eriksson36, B. Esposito90, S. Esquembri94, H.G. Esser39, D. Esteve8, B. Evans7, G.E. Evans7, G. Evison7, G.D. Ewart7, D. Fagan7, M. Faitsch62, D. Falie86, A. Fanni17, A. Fasoli33, J. M. Faustin33, N. Fawlk7, L. Fazendeiro53, N. Fedorczak8, R.C. Felton7, K. Fenton7, A. Fernades53, H. Fernandes53, J. Ferreira53, J.A. Fessey7, O. Février8, O. Ficker50, A. Field7, S. Fietz62, A. Figueiredo53, J. Figueiredo53,35, A. Fil8, P. Finburg7, M. Firdaouss8, U. Fischer56, L. Fittill7, M. Fitzgerald7, D. Flammini90, J. Flanagan7, C. Fleming7, K. Flinders7, N. Fonnesu90, J. M. Fontdecaba57, A. Formisano79, L. Forsythe7, L. Fortuna30, E. Fortuna-Zalesna19, M. Fortune7, S. Foster7, T. Franke34, T. Franklin7, M. Frasca30, L. Frassinetti42, M. Freisinger39, R. Fresa98, D. Frigione90, V. Fuchs50, D. Fuller35, S. Futatani6, J. Fyvie7, K. Gál34,62, D. Galassi2, K. Gałązka49, J. Galdon-Quiroga92, J. Gallagher7, D. Gallart6, R. Galvão10, X. Gao51, Y. Gao39, J. Garcia8, A. Garcia-Carrasco42, M. García-Muñoz92, J.-L. Gardarein3, L. Garzotti7, P. Gaudio95, E. Gauthier8, D.F. Gear7, S.J. Gee7, B. Geiger62, M. Gelfusa95, S. Gerasimov7, G. Gervasini45, M. Gethins7, Z. Ghani7, M. Ghate46, M. Gherendi86, J.C. Giacalone8, L. Giacomelli45, C.S. Gibson7, T. Giegerich56, C. Gil8, L. Gil53, S. Gilligan7, D. Gin54, E. Giovannozzi90, J.B. Girardo8, C. Giroud7, G. Giruzzi8, S. Glöggler62, J. Godwin7, J. Goff7, P. Gohil43, V. Goloborod’ko102, R. Gomes53, B. Gonçalves53, M. Goniche8, M. Goodliffe7, A. Goodyear7, G. Gorini97, M. Gosk65, R. Goulding76, A. Goussarov78, R. Gowland7, B. Graham7, M.E. Graham7, J. P. Graves33, N. Grazier7, P. Grazier7, N.R. Green7, H. Greuner62, B. Grierson76, F.S. Griph7, C. Grisolia8, D. Grist7, M. Groth1, R. Grove73, C.N. Grundy7, J. Grzonka19, D. Guard7, C. Guérard34, C. Guillemaut8,53, R. Guirlet8, C. Gurl7, H.H. Utoh69, L.J. Hackett7, S. Hacquin8,35, A. Hagar7, R. Hager76, A. Hakola112, M. Halitovs103, S.J. Hall7, S.P. Hallworth Cook7, C. Hamlyn-Harris7, K. Hammond7, C. Harrington7, J. Harrison7, D. Harting7, F. Hasenbeck39, Y. Hatano108, D.R. Hatch107, T.D.V. Haupt7, J. Hawes7, N.C. Hawkes7, J. Hawkins7, P. Hawkins7, P.W. Haydon7, N. Hayter7, S. Hazel7, P.J.L. Heesterman7, K. Heinola101, C. Hellesen22, T. Hellsten42, W. Helou8, O.N. Hemming7, T.C. Hender7, M. Henderson55, S.S. Henderson21, R. Henriques53, D. Hepple7, G. Hermon7, P. Hertout8, C. Hidalgo57, E.G. Highcock27, M. Hill7, J. Hillairet8, J. Hillesheim7, D. Hillis73, K. Hizanidis70, A. Hjalmarsson22, J. Hobirk62, E. Hodille8, C.H.A. Hogben7, G.M.D. Hogeweij38, A. Hollingsworth7, S. Hollis7, D.A. Homfray7, J. Horáček50, G. Hornung15, A.R. Horton7, L.D. Horton36, L. Horvath110, S.P. Hotchin7, M.R. Hough7, P.J. Howarth7, A. Hubbard64, A. Huber39, V. Huber39, T.M. Huddleston7, M. Hughes7, G.T.A. Huijsmans55, C.L. Hunter7, P. Huynh8, A.M. Hynes7, D. Iglesias7, N. Imazawa69, F. Imbeaux8, M. Imríšek50, M. Incelli109, P. Innocente12, M. Irishkin8, I. Ivanova-Stanik49, S. Jachmich58,35, A.S. Jacobsen83, P. Jacquet7, J. Jansons103, A. Jardin8, A. Järvinen1, F. Jaulmes38, S. Jednoróg49, I. Jenkins7, C. Jeong20, I. Jepu86, E. Joffrin8, R. Johnson7, T. Johnson42, Jane Johnston7, L. Joita7, G. Jones7, T.T.C. Jones7, K.K. Hoshino69, A. Kallenbach62, K. Kamiya69, J. Kaniewski7, A. Kantor7, A. Kappatou62, J. Karhunen1, D. Karkinsky7, I. Karnowska7, M. Kaufman73, G. Kaveney7, Y. Kazakov58, V. Kazantzidis70, D.L. Keeling7, T. Keenan7, J. Keep7, M. Kempenaars7, C. Kennedy7, D. Kenny7, J. Kent7, O.N. Kent7, E. Khilkevich54, H.T. Kim35, H.S. Kim80, A. Kinch7, C. king7, D. King7, R.F. King7, D.J. Kinna7, V. Kiptily7, A. Kirk7, K. Kirov7, A. Kirschner39, G. Kizane103, C. Klepper73, A. Klix56, P. Knight7, S.J. Knipe7, S. Knott96, T. Kobuchi69, F. Köchl111, G. Kocsis113, I. Kodeli81, L. Kogan7, D. Kogut8, S. Koivuranta112, Y. Kominis70, M. Köppen39, B. Kos81, T. Koskela1, H.R. Koslowski39, M. Koubiti4, M. Kovari7, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk49, A. Krasilnikov88, V. Krasilnikov88, N. Krawczyk49, M. Kresina8, K. Krieger62, A. Krivska58, U. Kruezi7, I. Książek48, A. Kukushkin72, A. Kundu46, T. Kurki-Suonio1, S. Kwak20, R. Kwiatkowski65, O.J. Kwon13, L. Laguardia45, A. Lahtinen101, A. Laing7, N. Lam7, H.T. Lambertz39, C. Lane7, P.T. Lang62, S. Lanthaler33, J. Lapins103, A. Lasa101, J.R. Last7, E. Łaszyńska49, R. Lawless7, A. Lawson7, K.D. Lawson7, A. Lazaros70, E. Lazzaro45, J. Leddy110, S. Lee66, X. Lefebvre7, H.J. Leggate32, J. Lehmann7, M. Lehnen55, D. Leichtle41, P. Leichuer7, F. Leipold55,83, I. Lengar81, M. Lennholm36, E. Lerche58, A. Lescinskis103, S. Lesnoj7, E. Letellier7, M. Leyland110, W. Leysen78, L. Li39, Y. Liang39, J. Likonen112, J. Linke39, Ch. Linsmeier39, B. Lipschultz110, G. Liu55, Y. Liu51, V.P. Lo Schiavo105, T. Loarer8, A. Loarte55, R.C. Lobel7, B. Lomanowski1, P.J. Lomas7, J. Lönnroth1,35, J. M. López94, J. López-Razola57, R. Lorenzini12, U. Losada57, J.J. Lovell7, A.B. Loving7, C. Lowry36, T. Luce43, R.M.A. Lucock7, A. Lukin74, C. Luna5, M. Lungaroni95, C.P. Lungu86, M. Lungu86, A. Lunniss110, I. Lupelli7, A. Lyssoivan58, N. Macdonald7, P. Macheta7, K. Maczewa7, B. Magesh46, P. Maget8, C. Maggi7, H. Maier62, J. Mailloux7, T. Makkonen1, R. Makwana46, A. Malaquias53, A. Malizia95, P. Manas4, A. Manning7, M.E. Manso53, P. Mantica45, M. Mantsinen6, A. Manzanares91, Ph. Maquet55, Y. Marandet4, N. Marcenko88, C. Marchetto45, O. Marchuk39, M. Marinelli95, M. Marinucci90, T. Markovič50, D. Marocco90, L. Marot26, C.A. Marren7, R. Marshal7, A. Martin7, Y. Martin33, A. Martín de Aguilera57, F.J. Martínez93, J. R. Martín-Solís14, Y. Martynova39, S. Maruyama55, A. Masiello12, M. Maslov7, S. Matejcik18, M. Mattei79, G.F. Matthews7, F. Maviglia11, M. Mayer62, M.L. Mayoral34, T. May-Smith7, D. Mazon8, C. Mazzotta90, R. McAdams7, P.J. McCarthy96, K.G. McClements7, O. McCormack12, P.A. McCullen7, D. McDonald34, S. McIntosh7, R. McKean7, J. McKehon7, R.C. Meadows7, A. Meakins7, F. Medina57, M. Medland7, S. Medley7, S. Meigh7, A.G. Meigs7, G. Meisl62, S. Meitner73, L. Meneses53, S. Menmuir7,42, K. Mergia71, I.R. Merrigan7, Ph. Mertens39, S. Meshchaninov88, A. Messiaen58, H. Meyer7, S. Mianowski65, R. Michling55, D. Middleton-Gear7, J. Miettunen1, F. Militello7, E. Militello-Asp7, G. Miloshevsky77, F. Mink62, S. Minucci105, Y. Miyoshi69, J. Mlynář50, D. Molina8, I. Monakhov7, M. Moneti109, R. Mooney7, S. Moradi37, S. Mordijck43, L. Moreira7, R. Moreno57, F. Moro90, A.W. Morris7, J. Morris7, L. Moser26, S. Mosher73, D. Moulton7,1, A. Murari12,35, A. Muraro45, S. Murphy7, N.N. Asakura69, Y.S. Na80, F. Nabais53, R. Naish7, T. Nakano69, E. Nardon8, V. Naulin83, M.F.F. Nave53, I. Nedzelski53, G. Nemtsev88, F. Nespoli33, A. Neto41, R. Neu62, V.S. Neverov72, M. Newman7, K.J. Nicholls7, T. Nicolas33, A.H. Nielsen83, P. Nielsen12, E. Nilsson8, D. Nishijima99, C. Noble7, M. Nocente97, D. Nodwell7, K. Nordlund101, H. Nordman16, R. Nouailletas8, I. Nunes53, M. Oberkofler62, T. Odupitan7, M.T. Ogawa69, T. O’Gorman7, M. Okabayashi76, R. Olney7, O. Omolayo7, M. O’Mullane21, J. Ongena58, F. Orsitto11, J. Orszagh18, B.I. Oswuigwe7, R. Otin7, A. Owen7, R. Paccagnella12, N. Pace7, D. Pacella90, L.W. Packer7, A. Page7, E. Pajuste103, S. Palazzo30, S. Pamela7, S. Panja46, P. Papp18, R. Paprok50, V. Parail7, M. Park66, F. Parra Diaz27, M. Parsons73, R. Pasqualotto12, A. Patel7, S. Pathak46, D. Paton7, H. Patten33, A. Pau17, E. Pawelec48, C. Paz Soldan43, A. Peackoc36, I.J. Pearson7, S.-P. Pehkonen112, E. Peluso95, C. Penot55, A. Pereira57, R. Pereira53, P.P. Pereira Puglia7, C. Perez von Thun35,39, S. Peruzzo12, S. Peschanyi56, M. Peterka50, P. Petersson42, G. Petravich113, A. Petre84, N. Petrella7, V. Petržilka50, Y. Peysson8, D. Pfefferlé33, V. Philipps39, M. Pillon90, G. Pintsuk39, P. Piovesan12, A. Pires dos Reis52, L. Piron7, A. Pironti105, F. Pisano17, R. Pitts55, F. Pizzo79, V. Plyusnin53, N. Pomaro12, O.G. Pompilian86, P.J. Pool7, S. Popovichev7, M.T. Porfiri90, C. Porosnicu86, M. Porton7, G. Possnert22, S. Potzel62, T. Powell7, J. Pozzi7, V. Prajapati46, R. Prakash46, G. Prestopino95, D. Price7, M. Price7, R. Price7, P. Prior7, R. Proudfoot7, G. Pucella90, P. Puglia52, M.E. Puiatti12, D. Pulley7, K. Purahoo7, Th. Pütterich62, E. Rachlew25, M. Rack39, R. Ragona58, M.S.J. Rainford7, A. Rakha6, G. Ramogida90, S. Ranjan46, C.J. Rapson62, J.J. Rasmussen83, K. Rathod46, G. Rattá57, S. Ratynskaia82, G. Ravera90, C. Rayner7, M. Rebai97, D. Reece7, A. Reed7, D. Réfy113, B. Regan7, J. Regaña34, M. Reich62, N. Reid7, F. Reimold39, M. Reinhart34, M. Reinke110,73, D. Reiser39, D. Rendell7, C. Reux8, S.D.A. Reyes Cortes53, S. Reynolds7, V. Riccardo7, N. Richardson7, K. Riddle7, D. Rigamonti97, F.G. Rimini7, J. Risner73, M. Riva90, C. Roach7, R.J. Robins7, S.A. Robinson7, T. Robinson7, D.W. Robson7, R. Roccella55, R. Rodionov88, P. Rodrigues53, J. Rodriguez7, V. Rohde62, F. Romanelli90, M. Romanelli7, S. Romanelli7, J. Romazanov39, S. Rowe7, M. Rubel42, G. Rubinacci105, G. 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Sommariva8, P. Sonato12, A. Sopplesa12, J. Sousa53, C. Sozzi45, S. Spagnolo12, T. Spelzini7, F. Spineanu86, G. Stables7, I. Stamatelatos71, M.F. Stamp7, P. Staniec7, G. Stankūnas59, C. Stan-Sion84, M.J. Stead7, E. Stefanikova42, I. Stepanov58, A.V. Stephen7, M. Stephen46, A. Stevens7, B.D. Stevens7, J. Strachan76, P. Strand16, H.R. Strauss44, P. Ström42, G. Stubbs7, W. Studholme7, F. Subba75, H.P. Summers21, J. Svensson63, Ł. Świderski65, T. Szabolics113, M. Szawlowski49, G. Szepesi7, T.T. Suzuki69, B. Tál113, T. Tala112, A.R. Talbot7, S. Talebzadeh95, C. Taliercio12, P. Tamain8, C. Tame7, W. Tang76, M. Tardocchi45, L. Taroni12, D. Taylor7, K.A. Taylor7, D. Tegnered16, G. Telesca15, N. Teplova54, D. Terranova12, D. Testa33, E. Tholerus42, J. Thomas7, J.D. Thomas7, P. Thomas55, A. Thompson7, C.-A. Thompson7, V.K. Thompson7, L. Thorne7, A. Thornton7, A.S. Thrysøe83, P.A. Tigwell7, N. Tipton7, I. Tiseanu86, H. Tojo69, M. Tokitani67, P. Tolias82, M. Tomeš50, P. Tonner7, M. Towndrow7, P. Trimble7, M. Tripsky58, M. Tsalas38, P. Tsavalas71, D. Tskhakaya jun102, I. Turner7, M.M. Turner32, M. Turnyanskiy34, G. Tvalashvili7, S.G.J. Tyrrell7, A. Uccello45, Z. Ul-Abidin7, J. Uljanovs1, D. Ulyatt7, H. Urano69, I. Uytdenhouwen78, A.P. Vadgama7, D. Valcarcel7, M. Valentinuzzi8, M. Valisa12, P. Vallejos Olivares42, M. Valovic7, M. Van De Mortel7, D. Van Eester58, W. Van Renterghem78, G.J. van Rooij38, J. Varje1, S. Varoutis56, S. Vartanian8, K. Vasava46, T. Vasilopoulou71, J. Vega57, G. Verdoolaege58, R. Verhoeven7, C. Verona95, G. Verona Rinati95, E. Veshchev55, N. Vianello45, J. Vicente53, E. Viezzer62,92, S. Villari90, F. Villone100, P. Vincenzi12, I. Vinyar74, B. Viola90, A. Vitins103, Z. Vizvary7, M. Vlad86, I. Voitsekhovitch34, P. Vondráček50, N. Vora7, T. Vu8, W.W. Pires de Sa52, B. Wakeling7, C.W.F. Waldon7, N. Walkden7, M. Walker7, R. Walker7, M. Walsh55, E. Wang39, N. Wang39, S. Warder7, R.J. Warren7, J. Waterhouse7, N.W. Watkins28, C. Watts55, T. Wauters58, A. Weckmann42, J. Weiland23, H. Weisen33, M. Weiszflog22, C. Wellstood7, A.T. West7, M.R. Wheatley7, S. Whetham7, A.M. Whitehead7, B.D. Whitehead7, A.M. Widdowson7, S. Wiesen39, J. Wilkinson7, J. Williams7, M. Williams7, A.R. Wilson7, D.J. Wilson7, H.R. Wilson110, J. Wilson7, M. Wischmeier62, G. Withenshaw7, A. Withycombe7, D.M. Witts7, D. Wood7, R. Wood7, C. Woodley7, S. Wray7, J. Wright7, J.C. Wright64, J. Wu89, S. Wukitch64, A. Wynn110, T. Xu7, D. Yadikin16, W. Yanling39, L. Yao89, V. Yavorskij102, M.G. Yoo80, C. Young7, D. Young7, I.D. Young7, R. Young7, J. Zacks7, R. Zagorski49, F.S. Zaitsev18, R. Zanino75, A. Zarins103, K.D. Zastrow7, M. Zerbini90, W. Zhang62, Y. Zhou42, E. Zilli12, V. Zoita86, S. Zoletnik113, I. Zychor65 and JET Contributorsa // EUROfusion Consortium JET, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 1 Aalto University, PO Box 14100, FIN-00076 Aalto, Finland / 2 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France / 3 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France / 4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, PIIM, UMR 7345, 13013 Marseille, France / 5 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States of America / 6 Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain / 7 CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 8 CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 9 Center for Energy Research, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America / 10 Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud, 160, Rio de Janeiro CEP 22290-180, Brazil / 11 Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 12 Consorzio RFX, corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy / 13 Daegu University, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-174, Republic of Korea / 14 Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain / 15 Department of Applied Physics UG (Ghent University) St-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B-9000 Ghent, Belgium / 16 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 17 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi 09123, Cagliari, Italy / 18 Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics Comenius University Mlynska dolina F2, 84248 Bratislava, Slovakia / 19 Department of Materials Science, Warsaw University of Technology, PL-01-152 Warsaw, Poland / 20 Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea / 21 Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 ONG, United Kingdom / 22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden / 23 Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden / 24 Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom / 25 Department of Physics, SCI, KTH, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden / 26 Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland / 27 Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2JD, United Kingdom / 28 Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom / 29 Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Queens University, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom / 30 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy / 31 Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Trento, Trento, Italy / 32 Dublin City University (DCU), Dublin, Ireland / 33 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland / 34 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany / 35 EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, Culham Science Centre, Culham, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom / 36 European Commission, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium / 37 Fluid and Plasma Dynamics, ULB—Campus Plaine—CP 231 Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium / 38 FOM Institute DIFFER, Eindhoven, Netherlands / 39 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany / 40 Fourth State Research, 503 Lockhart Dr, Austin, TX, United States of America / 41 Fusion for Energy Joint Undertaking, Josep Pl. 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral B3, 08019, Barcelona, Spain / 42 Fusion Plasma Physics, EES, KTH, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden / 43 General Atomics, PO Box 85608, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States of America / 44 HRS Fusion, West Orange, NJ, United States of America / 45 IFP-CNR, via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy / 46 Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, Gujarat State, India / 47 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland / 48 Institute of Physics, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland / 49 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland / 50 Institute of Plasma Physics AS CR, Za Slovankou 1782/3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czechia / 51 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China / 52 Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Travessa R Nr.187 CEP 05508-090 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brasil / 53 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal / 54 Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation / 55 ITER Organization, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance, France / 56 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, PO Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany / 57 Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain / 58 Laboratory for Plasma Physics Koninklijke Militaire School—Ecole Royale Militaire, Renaissancelaan 30 Avenue de la Renaissance B-1000, Brussels, Belgium / 59 Lithuanian energy institute, Breslaujos g. 3, LT-44403, Kaunas, Lithuania / 60 Magnetic Sensor Laboratory, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine / 61 Maritime University of Szczecin, Waly Chrobrego 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland / 62 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, D-85748 Garching, Germany / 63 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Teilinsitut Greifswald, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany / 64 MIT Plasma Science and Fusion Centre, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America / 65 National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 05-400 Otwock-Świerk, Poland / 66 National Fusion Research Institute (NFRI), 169-148 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea / 67 National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan / 68 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan / 69 National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan / 70 National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, 157 73 Zografou, Athens, Greece / 71 NCSR ‘Demokritos’, 153 10, Agia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece / 72 NRC Kurchatov Institute, 1 Kurchatov Square, Moscow 123182, Russian Federation / 73 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6169, United States of America / 74 PELIN LLC, 27a, Gzhatskaya Ulitsa, Saint Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation / 75 Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-10129 Torino, Italy / 76 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America / 77 Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America / 78 SCK-CEN, Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium / 79 Second University of Napoli, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 80 Seoul National University, Shilim-Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Republic of Korea / 81 Slovenian Fusion Association (SFA), Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia / 82 Space and Plasma Physics, EES, KTH SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden / 83 Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Bldg 309, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark / 84 The ‘Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 85 The National Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technology, Ramnicu Valcea, Romania / 86 The National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 87 The National Institute for Optoelectronics, Magurele-Bucharest, Romania / 88 Troitsk Insitute of Innovating and Thermonuclear Research (TRINITI), Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation / 89 University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China / 90 Unità Tecnica Fusione, ENEA C. R. Frascati, via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati (Roma), Italy / 91 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain / 92 Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain / 93 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain / 94 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Grupo I2A2, Madrid, Spain / 95 Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy / 96 University College Cork (UCC), Ireland / 97 University Milano-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milano, Italy / 98 University of Basilicata, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 99 University of California, 1111 Franklin St., Oakland, CA 94607, United States of America / 100 University of Cassino, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 101 University of Helsinki, PO Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland / 102 University of Innsbruck, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Innsbruck, Austria / 103 University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd., Riga, LV 1586, Latvia / 104 University of Lorraine, CNRS, UMR7198, YIJL, Nancy, France / 105 University of Napoli ‘Federico II’, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 106 University of Napoli Parthenope, Consorzio CREATE, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy / 107 University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Fusion Studies, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America / 108 University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan / 109 University of Tuscia, DEIM, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy / 110 University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom / 111 Vienna University of Technology, Fusion@Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Austria / 112 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland / 113 Wigner Research Centre for Physics, PO Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
Published: 2017

36. Four Separate Dimensionless Collisionality Scans in various JET Scenarios

Author: T. Tala (1, H. Nordman (2, A. Salmi (1, D. Tegnered (2, C. Bourdelle (3, P. Carvalho (4, A. Czarnecka (5, L. Giacomelli (4, C. Giroud (6, E. Belonohy (6, J. Hillesheim (6, C. Maggi (6, P. Mantica (4, M. Maslov (6, L. Meneses (7, S. Menmuir (5, S. Mordijck (8, V. Naulin (9, J. Juul Rasmussen (9, G. Sips (10, M. Tsalas (11, H. Weisen (12, and JET contributors
Subjects: ___
Abstract: Particle transport in tokamaks has received much less attention than electron and ion heat transport channels. It is still often not treated self-consistently in transport modelling and predictions for future tokamaks. As a consequence, particle transport and fuelling remain one of the major open questions in understanding the ITER physics [1]. The shape of the density profile has a significant influence on fusion performance and impurity transport. Particle transport has been extensively studied by performing several dimensionally matched collisionality scans in various plasma scenarios in JET. Gas puff modulation technique has been developed with high quality time-dependent density profile measurements to determine particle transport coefficients on JET [2]. The local electron density response to the gas injection was measured Thomson scattering diagnostics close to the midplane. Modulation amplitudes below 0.3-0.5% at mid-radius are reliably measured thus allowing minimal plasma disturbance and the possibility to use data from multiple harmonics. The gas puff modulation was performed with a gas valve at the top of the machine at 3Hz frequency using rectangular waveform, the rate varying from 0 to 6x1022 s-1 at 30% duty cycle. 2. Dimensionless
Published: 2017

37. Modelling Anti-Ov16 IgG4 Antibody Prevalence as an Indicator for Evaluation and Decision Making in Onchocerciasis Elimination Programmes

Author: Lont, Y.L. (Yvonne L.), Coffeng, L.E. (Luc), Vlas, S.J. (Sake) de, Golden, A. (Allison), de los Santos, T. (Tala), Domingo, G.J. (Gonzalo J.), Stolk, W.A. (Wilma), Lont, Y.L. (Yvonne L.), Coffeng, L.E. (Luc), Vlas, S.J. (Sake) de, Golden, A. (Allison), de los Santos, T. (Tala), Domingo, G.J. (Gonzalo J.), and Stolk, W.A. (Wilma)
Abstract: __Background:__ Onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination in Africa through annual or biannual ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA). An immunodiagnostic test, based on the detection of human IgG4 antibodies in the blood to the Onchocerca volvulus-specific antigen Ov16, is one of the recommended tools for determining whether transmission is interrupted and mass treatment can stop. For different transmission settings, the relationship between post-MDA Ov16 antibody prevalence in children (measured 1 year after the last round of MDA) and the duration and coverage of MDA, the mf prevalence in the population, and the probability that onchocerciasis is eventually eliminated is explored through mathematical modelling. __Methodology:__ The ONCHOSIM model was extended with new output on the Ov16 antibody serostatus of individuals. Seroconversion was assumed to be triggered by the first worm establishing in the host, with seroconversion occurring either before maturation, after maturation or only after the start of mf production. We are mainly interested in seroconversion rates in children, and for now ignore the possibility of seroreversion to simplify the model. __Principal findings:__ Yearly repeated MDA leads to a strong reduction in the parasite acquis
Published: 2017
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38. Evidence in action--guidelines directing workload

Author: T Tala, M Klockars, Eeva Ketola, and R Sipilä
Subjects: Counseling, medicine.medical_specialty, Workload, Audit, Nurse's Role, Audit process, Intervention (counseling), medicine, Humans, Life Style, Finland, Medical Audit, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Health Policy, Blood Pressure Determination, Guideline, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Guideline implementation, Hypertension, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Facilitation, Physical therapy, business
Abstract: Objective To approximate the workload of blood pressure (BP) measurements and lifestyle counselling in primary healthcare when the related guidelines are followed. To evaluate the impact of facilitated guideline implementation with respect to workloads. Design Modelling study after cross-sectional audit process. Setting Thirty-one municipal health stations. Intervention Intrinsic facilitation in implementation of hypertension guideline. Main outcome measures Number and level (normal 160/95 mmHg) of BP measurements at nurses' appointments, approximation of time allocated for measurements and lifestyle counselling before and 1 year after the intervention. Results A total of 3119 BP measurements were recorded during the audit week in 2002. BP level measurements were “normal” in 1214 (38.9%), slightly elevated in 1371 (44.0%) and markedly elevated in 534 (17.1%). According to the modelling, 12% of a nurse's workday consisted of BP recordings and counselling. After intervention, the corresponding figures were 2330 measurements (828 (35.5%) normal, 990 (42.5%) slightly and 512 (22.0%) markedly elevated) corresponding to 6.3% of the workday. Conclusions Through facilitation programmes, it is possible to change working practices according to the related guidelines, agree on the division of tasks and empower patients to engage with their own treatment. These changes can lead to considerable decreases in the workload of health centre personnel with consequent redistribution of personnel resources to patients in true need for services.
Published: 2010

39. Chapter 10

Author: T. Tala, P. Mantica, Xavier Garbet, Johnny Lönnroth, F. Imbeaux, H. Weisen, Vassili Parail, M. Valisa, G. Corrigan, and A. Taroni
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Magnetic fusion, Web of science, 020209 energy, Plasma turbulence, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Core tokamak transport, Plasma instability, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Turbulence-driven transport, Aerospace engineering, Transport studies, Civil and Structural Engineering, Jet (fluid), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Iter tokamak, Core (optical fiber), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, business, Geology
Abstract: This paper presents an overview of the state of the art of core transport studies in JET. It covers in various sections the topics of heat transport, particle and impurity transport, momentum transport, internal transport barrier physics and integrated core and edge modeling. For each topic, a brief summary of older results obtained under the JET Joint Undertaking and a review of recent results obtained under the European Fusion Development Agreement are presented and discussed in view of the possibility of extrapolating to ITER plasmas. A final outlook of future developments of core transport studies in JET concludes the paper.
Published: 2008

40. SUICIDES IN NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS AND TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES

Author: T. Talaslahti, M. Ginters, H. Kautiainen, R. Vataja, A. Palm, H. Elonheimo, J. Suvisaari, H. Koponen, and N. Lindberg
Subjects: Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract: Introduction Depression, anxiety and lack of impulse control are common neuropsychiatric symptoms in neurocognitive disorders and have been strongly associated with suicidality. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore suicide rates in three major neuropsychiatric conditions including various degenerative neurocognitive disorders (DND), alcohol related neurocognitive disorders (ARND), and traumatic brain injuries (TBI). Methods The register cohort data of 231 817 patients with a diagnosis of degenerative dementias, ARND, or TBI, and their mortality data were collected from Finnish nationwide registers between 1998 and 2018. We calculated incidences of suicides, types of suicides, and suicide rates compared with the age- and sex matched general population (Standardized Mortality Ratio, SMR). Results In fifteen years since diagnosis, 0.3% (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.5) of patients with DND, 1.1% (0.7 to 1.8) of patients with ARND, and 1.0% (0.7 to 1.3) of patients with TBI died from suicide (Figure). Men died from suicide more often than women [58.9 (51.3 to 67.4) vs. 9.8 (7.5 to 12.5) per 100 000 person-years]. Of all three groups of patients, the highest number of suicides per 100 000 was in ARND (98.8; 65.1 to 143.8), then in TBI (82.0; 62.4 to 105.8), and then in DND (21.2; 18.3 to 24.5). The most common cause of death per 100 000 person-years was self-inflicted injury by hanging, strangulation or suffocation and drowning (12.4, 10.3 to 14.8), the second highest incidence self-inflicted poisoning (5.7, 4.3 to 7.4), and then self-inflicted injury by firearms, explosives, smoke, fire, flames, steam, hot vapours or hot objects (4.7, 3.4 to 6.2). The SMRs (95% CI) in the DND group were 1.31 (1.13 to 1.51) for the whole group, 1.21 (0.90-1.62) for women, and 1.34 (1.14-1.58) for men. The SMRs in the ARND group were 3.69 (2.53-5.38), 5.05 (1.90 to 13.46), and 3.52 (2.34 to 5.30), and in the TBI group 2.99 (2.31 to 3.86), 5.68 (3.22 to 10.00), and 2.66 (2.00 to 3.55), respectively. Image: Conclusions Suicide rates were higher in all three patient groups compared with the same-aged general population. Risk for death from suicide remained elevated for more than ten years after the initial diagnosis. Men committed more suicides than women, but there was no difference between sexes in comparison with the age-matched general population. The suicide methods were mostly violent. Disclosure of InterestT. Talaslahti Grant / Research support from: Helsinki University Hospital, grant no 212 9003, M. Ginters: None Declared, H. Kautiainen: None Declared, R. Vataja: None Declared, A. Palm: None Declared, H. Elonheimo: None Declared, J. Suvisaari: None Declared, H. Koponen: None Declared, N. Lindberg: None Declared
Published: 2023
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41. Toroidal and poloidal momentum transport studies in tokamaks

Author: Annika Eriksson, A. Thyagaraja, Carine Giroud, Xavier Garbet, Pär Strand, P. Mantica, Jan Weiland, V. Paraij, Kristel Crombé, A. G. Peeters, M. F. F. Nave, G. Tardini, Y. Andrew, Volker Naulin, K. Rantamaeki, K-D. Zastrow, T. Tala, G. Corrigan, Hans Nordman, Jorge Ferreira, R.V. Budny, P. de Vries, M.-D. Hua, and Bruce Scott
Subjects: Angular momentum, Toroidal and poloidal, Tokamak, Prandtl number, fusion reactors, plasma toroidal confinement, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Momentum diffusion, symbols.namesake, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, ITER, toroidal momentum transport, plasma, Physics, Turbulence, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, fusion energy, Amplitude, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, JET, ____, symbols, Pinch
Abstract: The present status of understanding of toroidal and poloidal momentum transport in tokamaks is presented in this paper. Similar energy confinement and momentum confinement times, i.e. tau(E)/tau(phi)approximate to 1 have been reported on several tokamaks. It is more important though, to study the local transport both in the core and edge plasma separately as, for example, in the core plasma, a large scatter in the ratio of the local effective momentum diffusivity to the ion heat diffusivity chi(phi eff)/chi(i.eff) among different tokamaks can be found. For example, the value of effective Prandtl number is typically around chi(phi eff)/chi(i.eff)approximate to 0.2 on JET while still tau(E)/tau(phi)approximate to 1 holds. Perturbative NBI modulation experiments on JET have shown, however, that a Prandtl number chi(phi)/chi(i) of around 1 is valid if there is an additional, significant inward momentum pinch which is required to explain the amplitude and phase behaviour of the momentum perturbation. The experimental results, i.e. the high Prandtl number and pinch, are in good qualitative and to some extent also in quantitative agreement with linear gyro-kinetic simulations. In contrast to the toroidal momentum transport which is clearly anomalous, the poloidal velocity is usually believed to be neo-classical. However, experimental measurements on JET show that the carbon poloidal velocity can be an order of magnitude above the predicted value by the neo-classical theory within the ITB. These large measured poloidal velocities, employed for example in transport simulations, significantly affect the calculated radial electric field and therefore the E x B flow shear and hence modify and can significantly improve the simulation predictions. Several fluid turbulence codes have been used to identify the mechanism driving the poloidal velocity to such high values. CUTIE and TRB turbulence codes and also the Weiland model predict the existence of an anomalous poloidal velocity, peaking in the vicinity of the ITB and driven dominantly by the flow due to the Reynold's stress. It is worth noting that these codes and models treat the equilibrium in a simplified way and this affects the geodesic curvature effects and geodesic acoustic modes. The neo-classical equilibrium is calculated more accurately in the GEM code and the simulations suggest that the spin-up of poloidal velocity is a consequence of the plasma profiles steepening when the ITB grows, following in particular the growth of the toroidal velocity within the ITB.
Published: 2007

42. Dimensionless Collisionality Scans for Core Particle Transport in JET

Author: T. Tala 1, P. Mantica 4, A. Salmi 1, C. Bourdelle 3, C. Giroud 4, J. Hillesheim 4, C. Maggi 4, L. Meneses 5, M. Maslov 4, S. Menmuir 4, S. Moradi 6, S. Mordijck 7, V. Naulin 8, H. Nordman 9, J. Juul Rasmussen 8, G. Sips 10, A. Sirinelli 3, M. Tsalas 11, H. Weisen 12, and JET contributors
Subjects: ___
Abstract: __
Published: 2015

43. Particle source and edge transport studies in JET H-mode gas puff modulation experiments

Author: A. Salmi 1, T. Tala 1, P. Mantica 2, A. Järvinen 3, L. Meneses 4, S. Mordijck 5, V. Naulin 6, J. Juul Rasmussen 6, J. Svensson 7, L. Giacomelli 2, R. Gomes 4, M. Groth 3, T. Koskela 3, C. Maggi 8, M. Maslov 8, G. Sips 9, H. Weisen 10, and JET contributors
Subjects: __
Abstract: __
Published: 2015

44. Status of and prospects for advanced tokamak regimes from multi-machine comparisons using the 'International Tokamak Physics Activity' database

Author: X Litaudon, E Barbato, A Bécoulet, E J Doyle, T Fujita, P Gohil, F Imbeaux, O Sauter, G Sips, for the International Tokamak Physi Physics, J W Connor, Yu Esipchuk, T Fukuda, J Kinsey, N Kirneva, S Lebedev, V Mukhovatov, J Rice, E Synakowski, K Toi, B Unterberg, V Vershkov, M Wakatani, for the International ITB Database regimes, T Aniel, Yu F Baranov, R Behn, C Bourdelle, G Bracco, R V Budny, P Buratti, B Esposito, S Ide, A R Field, C Gormezano, C Greenfield, M Greenwald, T S Hahm, G T Hoang, J Hobirk, D Hogeweij, A Isayama, E Joffrin, Y Kamada, T C Luce, M Murakami, V Parail, Y-K M Peng, F Ryter, Y Sakamoto, H Shirai, T Suzuki, H Takenaga, T Takizuka, T Tala, M R Wade, and J Weiland
Subjects: Thermonuclear fusion, Tokamak, fusion reactors, Tore Supra, Collisionality, computer.software_genre, law.invention, Bootstrap current, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, ITER, ddc:530, tokamak, plasma, Physics, Database, Magnetic confinement fusion, Fusion power, Condensed Matter Physics, fusion energy, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, JET, internal transport barriers, computer
Abstract: Advanced tokamak regimes obtained in ASDEX Upgrade, DIII-D, FT-U, JET, JT-60U, TCV and Tore Supra experiments are assessed both in terms of their fusion performance and capability for ultimately reaching steady-state using data from the international internal transport barrier database. These advanced modes of tokamak operation are characterized by an improved core confinement and a modified current profile compared to the relaxed Ohmically driven one. The present results obtained in these experiments are studied in view of their prospect for achieving either long pulses ('hybrid' scenario with inductive and non-inductive current drive) or ultimately steady-state purely non-inductive current drive operation in next step devices such as ITER. A new operational diagram for advanced tokamak operation is proposed where the figure of merit characterizing the fusion performances and confinement, H × βN / q 295, is drawn versus the fraction of the plasma current driven by the bootstrap effect. In this diagram, present day advanced tokamak regimes have now reached an operational domain that is required in the non-inductive ITER current drive operation with typically 50% of the plasma current driven by the bootstrap effect (Green et al 2003 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 45 587). In addition, the existence domain of the advanced mode regimes is also mapped in terms of dimensionless plasmas physics quantities such as normalized Larmor radius, normalized collisionality, Mach number and ratio of ion to electron temperature. The gap between present day and future advanced tokamak experiments is quantitatively assessed in terms of these dimensionless parameters.
Published: 2004

45. Real-time control of theq-profile in JET for steady state advanced tokamak operation

Author: D Moreau, F Crisanti, X Litaudon, D Mazon, P. De Vries, R Felton, E Joffrin, L Laborde, M Lennholm, A Murari, V Pericoli-Ridolfini, M Riva, T Tala, G Tresset, L Zabeo, K.D Zastrow, and contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Safety factor, Cyclotron, fusion reactors, Magnetic confinement fusion, Mechanics, algorithms, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, law.invention, fusion energy, JET, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, Real-time Control System, Control system, internal transport barriers, Atomic physics, Current density, plasma
Abstract: In order to simultaneously control the current and pressure profiles in high performance tokamak plasmas with internal transport barriers (ITB), a multi-variable model-based technique has been proposed. New algorithms using a truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) of a linearized model operator and retaining the distributed nature of the system have been implemented in the JET control system. Their simplest versions have been applied to the control of the current density profile in reversed shear plasmas using three heating and current drive actuators (neutral beam injection, ion cyclotron resonant frequency heating and lower hybrid current drive). Successful control of the safety factor profile has been achieved in the quasi-steady-state, on a timescale of the order of the current redistribution time. How the TSVD algorithm will be used in the forthcoming campaigns for the simultaneous control of the current profile and of the ITB temperature gradient is discussed in some detail, but this has not yet been attempted in the present pioneering experiments.
Published: 2003

46. Effect of low magnetic shear induced by lower hybrid current drive on high performance internal transport barriers in the Joint European Torus (JET)

Author: C. Castaldo, L. Panaccione, R. Cesario, V.V. Parail, T. Tala, X. Litaudon, J. Mailloux, C. Gormezano, A. A. Tuccillo, A. Cardinali, P. Smeulders, F. Santini, and F. Crisanti
Subjects: Physics, plasma hybrid waves, Jet (fluid), Tokamak devices, Tokamak, Joint European Torus, Cyclotron, plasma radiofrequency heating, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Electromagnetic radiation, plasma toroidal confinement, Neutral beam injection, plasma transport processes, law.invention, Shear (sheet metal), plasma beam injection heating, law, JET, plasma turbulence, Atomic physics, Current (fluid), plasma
Abstract: A low/negative magnetic shear profile is maintained in the Joint European Torus in a plasma target with plasma current of 2.4 MA using 2.2 MW of lower hybrid (LH) power combined with neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating. In this scenario, an internal transport barrier (ITB) with time duration up to about 4 s is produced. The fraction of LH driven current is about 25% the total plasma current. During LH power application, the layer with reversed shear q-profile can be maintained in a suitable radial position to inhibit the onset of turbulence, which might otherwise drive the ITB to collapse. LH power could be used as a tool to drive moderate amounts of noninductive off-axis current and sustain high performance ITBs at high plasma current.
Published: 2002

47. Particle transport via gas puff modulation experiments in JET

Author: A. Salmi1, T. Tala (1), C. Bourdelle (2), P. Mantica (3), L. Meneses (4), S. Mordjick (5), H. Bufferand (2), M. Clever (6), J. Svensson (7), P. Tamain (2), M. Groth (8), J. Hillesheim (9), C. Maggi (10), M. Maslov (9), V. Naulin (11), J. Juul Rasmussen (11), G. Sips (12), A. Sirinelli (13), M. Tsalas (14), H. Weisen (15), M. Wischmeier (10), and JET-EFDA contributors
Abstract: Plasma fuelling is mandatory for maintaining fusion reactions in fusion power plants. The high temperature and high density SOL of burning plasmas are expected to significantly reduce the efficiency of gas puff fuelling. It is important to investigate how todays high performance H-mode plasmas are fuelled through the pedestal to understand whether ITER and DEMO can rely on gas injection as the main fuelling scheme. ! !The recently upgraded reflectometer diagnostics in JET together with modulated gas puff injection technique are utilised to extract the D and V profiles from a 3-point collisionality scan in L-mode. Furthermore, proof-of-principle tests in H-mode are made with several gas injection locations and frequencies to identify whether modulated density signals are detected and which settings are optimal to use in future parameter scans.!
Published: 2014

48. ITB formation in terms of ωE×Bflow shear and magnetic shearson JET

Author: Seppo Karttunen, Jukka Heikkinen, Vassili Parail, T. Tala, and Yu.F. Baranov
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Shearing (physics), Physics, Toroid, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Flow velocity, Plasma parameter, Diamagnetism, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, Instability, Ion, Magnetic field
Abstract: A linear empirical threshold condition ωE×B/γITG>0.68s-0.095 has been found for the onset of the ion internal transport barriers in the JET optimised shear database. Here, s is the magnetic shear, ωE×B the flow shearing rate and γITG is an approximate of the linear growth rate of the ion temperature gradient instability. The present empirical threshold condition for the ITB formation will provide a first clear indication of the strong correlation of s and ωE×B at the ITB transition. The empirical analysis consists of ITB discharges from a wide plasma parameter range; the toroidal magnetic field varies between 1.8-4.0 T, the auxiliary heating power between 10-30 MW and the diamagnetic energy between 3-12 MJ. The predictive simulations of several ITB discharges with the empirical ITB threshold condition reproduce the experiments with time averaged prediction errors of the order of 10-25% in Ti and Te profiles and 10-15% in ne profiles as well as the toroidal flow velocity with errors of the order of 10-20%. The simulated times of the onset of the ITB compared to the experimental ones are typically within 0.4 s and the simulated ITB widths within 0.1 in r/a throughout the whole simulations.
Published: 2001

49. A two-time-scale dynamic-model approach for magnetic and kinetic profile control in advanced tokamak scenarios on JET

Author: I. Nunes, J. Mailloux, C. D. Challis, Jet-Efda Contributors, X. Litaudon, D. Moreau, F. Piccolo, M. Brix, N. C. Hawkes, E. de la Luna, M.-L. Mayoral, J. Brzozowski, Filippo Sartori, R. King, D. Mazon, O. Zimmerman, G. De Tommasi, Marco Ariola, Elizabeth Surrey, L. Laborde, F. Crisanti, E. Bouvier, T. Loarer, Luca Zabeo, A. Boboc, V. Cordoliani, R. C. Felton, T. Tala, V. Cocilovo, D., Moreau, D., Mazon, M., Ariola, DE TOMMASI, Gianmaria, L., Laborde, F., Piccolo, F., Sartori, T., Tala, L., Zabeo, A., Boboc, E., Bouvier, M., Brix, J., Brzozowski, C. D., Challi, V., Cocilovo, V., Cordoliani, F., Crisanti, E., De La Luna, R., Felton, N., Hawke, R., King, X., Litaudon, T., Loarer, J., Mailloux, M., Mayoral, I., Nune, E., Surrey, and O., Zimmerman
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Offset (computer science), Safety factor, Tokamak, System identification, Feed forward, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, law.invention, Control theory, law, Plasma parameter, Convection–diffusion equation
Abstract: Real-time simultaneous control of several radially distributed magnetic and kinetic plasma parameters is being investigated on JET, in view of developing integrated control of advanced tokamak scenarios. This paper describes the new model-based profile controller which has been implemented during the 2006–2007 experimental campaigns. The controller aims to use the combination of heating and current drive (H&CD) systems—and optionally the poloidal field (PF) system—in an optimal way to regulate the evolution of plasma parameter profiles such as the safety factor, q(x), and gyro-normalized temperature gradient, . In the first part of the paper, a technique for the experimental identification of a minimal dynamic plasma model is described, taking into account the physical structure and couplings of the transport equations, but making no quantitative assumptions on the transport coefficients or on their dependences. To cope with the high dimensionality of the state space and the large ratio between the time scales involved, the model identification procedure and the controller design both make use of the theory of singularly perturbed systems by means of a two-time-scale approximation. The second part of the paper provides the theoretical basis for the controller design. The profile controller is articulated around two composite feedback loops operating on the magnetic and kinetic time scales, respectively, and supplemented by a feedforward compensation of density variations. For any chosen set of target profiles, the closest self-consistent state achievable with the available actuators is uniquely defined. It is reached, with no steady state offset, through a near-optimal proportional-integral control algorithm. Conventional optimal control is recovered in the limiting case where the ratio of the plasma confinement time to the resistive diffusion time tends to zero. Closed-loop simulations of the controller response have been performed in preparation for experiments, and typical results are shown. Finally, in the last section of the paper, the first experimental results using this dynamic-model approach to control the plasma current and the safety factor profile on JET, either with the three H&CD systems or also with the PF system as an additional actuator, are presented and discussed.
Published: 2008

50. EFD-C(13)03/28 Current Profile Modelling in JET and JT-60U Identity Experiments

Author: P. Sirén, T. Tala, G. Corrigan, J. Garcia, X. Litaudon, A. Salmi, EU-ITM ITER Scenario Modelling Group, and JET EFDA contributors
Abstract: The advanced tokamak (AT) scenario (defined by high fusion efficiency with operation close to steady-state conditions) is one of the most promising ways to achieve the steady-state operation in the forthcoming fusion power plants. The motivation in AT identity plasma experiments was to study the forming of ITBs and steady-state properties. The experiments in JET and JT-60U in 2008, described (technical details and fulfilling the main goals) in publications, were the first experiments where the global plasma parameters and profiles were matched between two similar-size tokamaks with reverse q and the goal of the high bootstrap fraction. The main goal of this paper is to understand the most significant differences between two approximately same size tokamaks, JET and JT-60U, and study the time evolution of the plasma current density and q by predictive current diffusion simulations.
Published: 2013
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