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We present results of study of Middle Pleistocene intermorainic deposits by palynological and diatom methods. Intermorainic deposits are assigned to the Rodionov interglacial period. Two climatic optima have been identified: pollen Pinus sylvestris dominates in the lower optimum, and pollen Picea sp., Pinus sylvestris dominates in the upper one. The deposits were generally formed in a shallow freshwater reservoir.

The monograph contains research results obtained during 2016–2020 in the NAAS Re- search Programm 10 (PND 10) «Biotekhnika». Part 1 is devoted to the problems of scientific, engineering and technological support of the microbial and entomological preparations manu- facturing systems for crop protection from pests and diseases, as well as theoretical and practical foundations of such preparations creation. The monograph is intended for crop protection specialists, managers, engineers and tech- nologists of microbial and entomological factories, biolaboratories’ men, researchers, professors and students of agrarian, biological and engineering universities and colleges.

Momentum vector correlation is a powerful tool to study molecular dissociation. We have studied the three-body fragmentation of carbon disulfide after sulfur 1s photoionization by means of momentum imaging techniques. Concerted and sequential pathways are disentangled in three-body fragmentation using adapted analysis strategies. In particular, we introduce various data visualization schemes that are proved to be particularly efficient to determine dissociation dynamics.

Purpose and objectives. The purpose was to improve the existing technology of growing parents of innovative maize hybrids on irrigated lands by evaluating the impact of new biologicals on plant diseases, pest infestation and seed yield under irrigation in the Southern Steppe.Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS in 2019–2020. Factor A – parental lines belonging to various ripening groups (DK 445, DK 411, DK 281, and DK 247) included in the pedigree of hybrids Stepovyi, Skadovskyi, Azov, Arabat, Chonhar, Vira, Oleshkivskyi, Hileia and others bred at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS and the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS. Factor B - treatment of maize parents with innovative biologicals – Fluorescein BT, Trichopsin BT, Biospectrum BT. The methods were conventional for irrigation conditions and maize breeding studies.Results and discussion. The studied biologicals had positive effects on resistance to fungal diseases. The development of blister smut (Ustilago zeae Beckm.) on early-ripening line DK 281 was influenced by all the biologicals. Fluorescein BТ reduced the disease incidence by 1.9%; Trichopsin BG – by 3.0%; Biospectrum BT – by 3.2%. The incidence of Fusarium head blight was also decreased by biologicals. Biospectrum BT was the most effective agent. The incidence of Fusarium head blight in the lines decreased by 2.8–4.0%. The lowest incidence of Fusarium wilt was recorded in line DK 247 treated with Biospectrum BT – 8.9%. Corn borer infestation was reduced by Trichopsin BT and Biospectrum BT, which have both insecticide/fungicidal and growth-stimulating effects. The reduction in the incidence was 2.3–2.8%, depending on the genotype of the lines. Treatment with biologicals improved the cob structure of the studied lines. Trichopsin BT and Biospectrum BT had the greatest effects on the cob parameters. Due to Biospectrum BT, the cob length increased by 5.2–6.7%, the cob diameter – by 2.0–4.9%, and the cob grain weight – by 3.0–7.1%. The results of measurement of the yields from the parents (maize lines) showed that under irrigation the average performance of the studied maize lines ranged 3.75 to 6.11 t/ha, depending on the genotype of the lines (factor A) and the use of biologicals.Conclusions. It was found that biologicals Fluorescein BT, Trichopsin BT, and Biospectrum BT reduced the damage to maize lines induced by blister smut, Fusarium wilt, and corn borer by 0.9–4.2%. Treatment with Biospectrum BT ensured the highest grain yields from the maize parent, which averaged 4.63 t/ha, the gain in the yield was 0.44 t/ha or 10.5%. Treatment with Trichopsin BT had a positive effect on the yield, which averaged 4.54 t/ha, providing a gain in the yield of 0.35 t/ha or of 8.4%. Treatment with Fluorescein BT increased the yield by 0.14 t/ha or by 3.3%. Biospectrum BT was the most effective agent, which provided a significant reduction in the damage to the maize lines caused by fungal diseases and pests

Auger decay after photoexcitation or photoemission of an electron from a deep inner shell in the hard X-ray regime can be rather complex, implying a multitude of phenomena such as multiple-step cascades, post-collision interaction (PCI), and electronic state-lifetime interference. Furthermore, in a molecule nuclear motion can also be triggered. Here we discuss a comprehensive theoretical method which allows us to analyze in great detail Auger spectra measured around an inner-shell ionization threshold. HCl photoexcited or photoionized around the deep Cl 1s threshold is chosen as a showcase. Our method allows calculating Auger cross sections considering the nature of the ground, intermediate and final states (bound or dissociative), and the evolution of the relaxation process, including both electron and nuclear dynamics. In particular, we show that we can understand and reproduce a so-called experimental 2D-map, consisting of a series of resonant Auger spectra measured at different photon energies, therefore obtaining a detailed picture of all above-mentioned dynamical phenomena at once.

Мета. Визначити вплив способу поливу та густоти стояння рослин на ріст, розвиток та урожайність насіння ліній кукурудзи, що є батьківськими компонентами інноваційних гібридів. Методи. Польовий, лабораторний, порівняльний, узагальнення. Дослідження проводили впродовж 2016–2018 рр. Результати. Установлено, що основним чинником впливу на тривалість періоду «сходи — квітування» ліній кукурудзи була група стиглості. Тривалість періоду збільшувалася від 49 (у скоростиглих ліній) до 62-х діб (у пізньостиглих ліній). Густота рослин виявилася досить ефективним чинником впливу на терміни квітування жіночого суцвіття. Найбільшу реакцію на загущення спостерігали у середньостиглих, середньопізніх і пізньостиглих ліній з ФАО 380 – 500. Таку реакцію ліній на густоту стояння можна використовувати на ділянках гібридизації для синхронізації квітування батьківських компонентів гібридів. Установлено, що краплинне зрошення сприяє формуванню найвищої врожайності зерна кукурудзи. Порівняно з дощуванням прибавка врожаю від краплинного зрошення становила 0,56 т/га, або 12,1%. Найбільше зросла врожайність насіння у ліній ФАО 300–500 (від 0,88 до 1,18 т/га). Батьківська лінія ДК445 (ФАО 420), у середньому за період проведення досліджень, виявилася найпродуктивнішою — середня врожайність насіння становила 5,79 т/га. Висновки. Установлено специфічну реакцію ліній на щільність ценозу. Для кожної батьківської форми існує оптимум густоти рослин, що потрібно враховувати на ділянках гібридизації для отримання максимальної врожайності насіння. Отримані результати свідчать, що для планування виробництва насіннєвого матеріалу ліній кукурудзи, що є батьківськими компонентами гібридів, слід враховувати їхні генотипові особливості, реакцію на щільність фітоценозу та спосіб поливу.

Postcollision-interaction (PCI) effects involving multistep decay processes following Ar 1s photoionization has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy. The experiment focused on LMM Auger electrons measured in small photon energy steps across the Ar 1s photoionization threshold. Decay pathways that we studied include (1) the Ar+*2p–1→Ar2+3p–2 LMMα Auger process due to a single L hole created by KL fluorescence, (2) the Ar2+*2p–2→Ar3+*2p–13p–2 LMM1 Auger process following double L shell hole states produced by a KLL Auger processes, and (3) the subsequent Ar3+*2p–13p–2→Ar4+3p–4 LMM2 Auger transitions. Particularly pronounced PCI shifts and unusual line shapes compared to the ordinary one-step PCI process were found in the spectra of Auger processes following a KLL Auger first step. The experimental results were compared with calculations based on the semiclassical approach to PCI. Good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental PCI shifts. The result opens possibilities for further studies of the multielectron dynamics between Auger electrons mediated through the photoelectron in these and similar systems.

Resonant Auger electron spectroscopic study at the symmetry-forbidden [Formula: see text] excitation below the S [Formula: see text]-shell threshold of SF[Formula: see text] is reported. Partial electron yield and resonant [Formula: see text] Auger spectra have been measured by using monochromatized undulator synchrotron radiation. By changing the photon energy in small steps, a so-called 2D map is produced. In this map, the dipole-forbidden transition exhibits spectral features (e.g., an S-shaped dispersion relation), which are well known and understood for dipole-allowed transitions. We validate by a theory that for the case of dipole-forbidden transitions, these spectral features can be analyzed in the same way as previously established for the dipole-allowed ones. This approach grants information on the nuclear dynamics in the [Formula: see text]-shell core-excited states of SF[Formula: see text] on the femtosecond (fs) timescale. In particular, for the potential-energy curves of the states S [Formula: see text] and S [Formula: see text], the slopes at the equilibrium distance of the ground state are derived. Symmetry breaking as a result of ultrafast vibronic coupling is revealed by the population of the electronically forbidden excited state.

Using synchrotron radiation in the tender X-ray regime, a photoelectron spectrum showing the formation of single site double-core-hole pre-edge states, involving the K shell of the O atom in CO, has been recorded by means of high-resolution electron spectroscopy. The experimentally observed structures have been simulated, interpreted and assigned, employing state-of-the-art ab initio quantum chemical calculations, on the basis of a theoretical model, accounting for their so-called direct or conjugate character. Features appearing above the double ionization threshold have been reproduced by taking into account the strong mixing between multi-excited and continuum states. The shift of the σ* resonance below the double ionization threshold, in combination with the non-negligible contributions of multi-excited configurations in the final states reached, gives rise to a series of avoided crossings between the different potential energy curves.

The procedure for taxation of certain operations on charging lessor’s royalty for extraction of fossil fuel deposits in the period of 2015 during forensic economic examinations is considered. Based on the results of review, certain peculiarities of taxation of operations on charging lessor’s royalty for fossil fuel deposits extraction in the course of 2015 that emerged as a result of entry into force of the Law of Ukraine N 71-VIII: On amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine and certain legislative acts of Ukraine regrading tax reform dated December 28, 2014, have been identified. Practical experience in conducting examinations on the issue of taxation on charging lessor’s royalty for extraction of fossil fuel deposits in the period of 2015 demonstrates ambiguity of forensic approaches, as a result of interpretation of legal norms to the extent of their understanding and of certain situations that may lead to forensic economists’ falling outside the limits of their competence which accordingly will affect the forensic expert support of justice in general. Accordingly, it has been determined that since 2015, charging lessor’s royalty for extraction of fossil fuel deposits that are fully or partially lie at depths to 5000 meters at the time of preparation of relevant tax calculations is a subject to fixed rate in the amount of 55%. Exclusively in case of identification in a document on examination appointment (engaging a forensic expert) of significant circumstances on the case that are vital for forensic examination and in case of availability of clarifications regarding a specific legal position which lay down a systematic analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine, namely changes to rental rates, which are introduced by the Law of Ukraine No. 71-VIII can be applied in accordance with the principle of stability of taxation only since 2016, accordingly, only a variant conclusion is to be provided, namely without taking into account such legal evaluation and separately based on a similar legal evaluation, for further adoption by court of a final decision. The above procedure for taxing certain operations of charging lessor’s royalty for extraction of fossil fuel deposits during the period of 2015 while forensic economic examinations will ensure the most comprehensive and unbiased preparation of forensic reports on this issue.

Spectra reflecting the formation of single-site double-core-hole pre-edge states involving the N 1s and C 1s core levels of acetonitrile have been recorded by means of high-resolution single-channel photoelectron spectroscopy using hard X-ray excitation. The data are interpreted with the aid of

Recent advances in X-ray instrumentation have made it possible to measure the spectra of an essentially unexplored class of electronic states associated with double inner-shell vacancies. Using the technique of single electron spectroscopy, spectra of states in CS2 and SF6 with a double hole in the K-shell and one electron exited to a normally unoccupied orbital have been obtained. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of a high-level theoretical model giving excellent agreement with the experiment. The results shed new light on the important distinction between direct and conjugate shake-up in a molecular context. In particular, systematic similarities and differences between pre-edge states near single core holes investigated in X-ray absorption spectra and the corresponding states near double core holes studied here are brought out.

We present an experimental and theoretical study of resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in the carbon disulphide CS_2 molecule near the sulfur K-absorption edge. We observe a strong evolution of the RIXS spectral profile with the excitation energy tuned below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) absorption resonance. The reason for this is twofold. Reducing the photon energy in the vicinity of the LUMO absorption resonance leads to a relative suppression of the LUMO contribution with respect to the emission signal from the higher unoccupied molecular orbitals, which results in the modulation of the total RIXS profile. At even larger negative photon-energy detuning from the resonance, the excitation-energy dependence of the RIXS profile is dominated by the onset of electron dynamics triggered by a coherent excitation of multiple electronic states. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that in the hard x-ray regime, localization of the S 1s core hole occurs in CS_2 during the RIXS process because of the orientational dephasing of interference between the waves scattering on the two sulfur atoms. Core-hole localization leads to violation of the symmetry selection rules for the electron transitions observed in the spectra.

Testing internal stress/strain condition of polymer composite materials is of high importance in structural health monitoring. We are presenting here a new method of monitoring internal stresses. The method can be referred to as embedded sensing technique, where the sensing element is a glass-coated ferromagnetic microwire with a specific magnetic anisotropy and stress-dependent magnetostriction. When the microwire is remagnetized the sharp voltage is induced which is characterized by high frequency harmonics. The amplitude of these harmonics sensitively depends on various stresses. The microwire of composition Co71Fe5B11Si10Cr3 with the metallic core diameter of 22.8 μm show abrupt transformation of the magnetization process under applied tensile stress owing to the stress-dependent magnetostriction.

Free-electron lasers (FEL) and soft X-ray lasers (SXRL) have been recently evolving very fast in the extreme-ultraviolet to soft X-ray region. Once seeded with high harmonics (HH), these light sources deliver amplified emissions with properties which are, for most of them, directly linked to the injected HH beam, e.g. the ultrashort pulse duration for FEL and the high temporal and spatial degree of coherence for both. Here we present a detailed experimental study of a kHz twocolour (fundamental + second harmonic) HH generation and investigate its potential as a suitable evolution of the actual seeding sources. It turns out that this source (both odd and even harmonics) is highly tuneable, and delivers intense radiations with only one order of magnitude difference in the photon yield from 65 nm to 13 nm. We also observed an astonishing “aberration-free” character of these harmonics (aberration below λ/17 rms, λ=44 nm). Then, the implementation of this technique on seeded FEL and XRL would allow amplification to be achieved at wavelengths shorter than previously accessible.

International audience; We present angle- and energy-resolved measurements of photoelectrons produced in strongfield ionization of Xe and Ar using a tunable femtosecond laser in the wavelength range between 600 and 800 nm. Systematic analysis of the experimental data that are quantitatively reproduced by numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation with integration over the laser focal volume, demonstrates the dominance of resonance-enhanced ionization. Continuous variation of the laser wavelength allows the identification of a number of consecutive channel-switching effects with a reliable assignment of the intermediate Rydberg states involved. The appearance of the resonant sub-structure in the electron energy spectra is influenced by the presence of a non-resonant contribution. At relatively low laser intensity a coherent addition of resonant and non-resonant ionization processes is observed. Due to the absence of an intensity dependence in the resonance-enhanced ionization, we observe the persistence of Freeman resonances at the transition to the tunnelling regime.

International audience; We present angle- and energy-resolved measurements of photoelectrons produced in strongfield ionisation of Xe using a tunable femtosecond laser. An occurrence of highly oscillatory patterns in the angular distribution at low photoelectron kinetic energy is observed that correlates with channel closing/opening over a wide range of laser parameters. The correlation is investigated both experimentally and by means of systematic analysis of numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). Our experimental and numerical results are in quantitative agreement with the semi-classical model introduced by Arbó et al. (Phys. Rev. A 78, 013406 (2008)), which relates the oscillatory patterns to interference between photoelectrons produced during different cycles of the laser pulse in the course of non-resonant ionisation of the atom. We observe that an increase of the laser intensity eventually leads to qualitative invariance of the pattern, defining a limit on the applicability of the semi-classical model.

It is now possible to produce a 10 Hz soft x-ray laser beam having very high optical qualities. The solution consists in seeding an optical-field-ionized population inverted plasma amplifier with the 25th harmonic of an infrared laser. This concept was successfully realized in LOA in 2004 and an extensive investigation of the source has been recently performed. Indeed we demonstrate the first diffraction-limited laser beam in the soft x-ray spectral range. This laser beam at a central wavelength of 32.8 nm, emitted with a divergence of 0.67 mrad at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The beam exhibits a regular Gaussian spatial profile, and wavefront distortions smaller than λ/17. A theoretical analysis of these results shows that this high beam quality is due to spatial filtering of the seed beam by the plasma amplifier aperture

We present a full optimization of the high harmonics wave-front thanks to the use of a soft x-ray Hartmann sensor. The sensor was calibrated using high harmonics source with a /50 accuracy. We observed relatively good high harmonics wave-front, two times the diffraction-limit, with astigmatism as the dominant aberration for any interaction parameters.The influence of high harmonic generation parameters was also studied in particularly the influence of the infra-red wave-front. This wave front quality allows applications by focalization of this beam. We present experiment we performed on damage target and holography.

By seeding an optical-field-ionized population inverted plasma amplifier with the 25th harmonic of an infrared laser we have produced a compact, diffraction- limited and Fourier-limited laser beam in the soft x-ray spectral range. This laser beam is emitted within a cone of 0.7 mrad at a repetition rate of 10 Hz at a central wavelength of 32.8 nm, The beam exhibits a regular Gaussian spatial profile, and wavefront distortions smaller than λ/17. The measured coherence time of 5.5 ps is equal to the duration of the lifetime of the amplifying plasma which shows that this source has reached the Fourier limit.

Caracterisation spatio-temporelle d’un laser XUV injecte J.-P. Goddet1, S. Sebban1, O. Guilbaud2, G. Maynard3, B. Cros3, J. Gautier1, Ph. Zeitoun1, C. Valentin1, F. Tissandier1, T. Marchenko1, G. Lambert1, D. Benredjem2, A. Boudaa3, A. Klisnick2, D. Ros2, S. Kazamias2, K. Cassou2,3, J. Habib2, G. Jamelot2, J.-C. Lagron2, D. Joyeux4, S. De Rossi4, D. Phalippou4, F. Delmotte4, M.F. Ravet4, A. Calisti5, T. Mocek6, M. Kozlova6 et K. Jakubczak6

The article presents an approach to the development of information technology for management of epidemics and risk ranking to increase the efficacy of struggle with HIV/AIDS in Ukraine, minimize incidence rate, maximize the quality of health care, and augment the reliability of a long-term forecasting of epidemiological situation in Ukraine and its separate regions.

We studied morphogenesis of reparative processes in parenchymatous and hollow organs after surgery with the use of Sulfacrylate glue composition characterized by good adhesive and bactericidal properties. The glue rapidly and effectively arrested parenchymatous bleeding, reduced the volume of necrotic tissue, and promoted wound healing without suppuration. Cicatrix was completely formed 1 month after surgery and the glue completely resorbed at this term. The bioglue reliably connected and hermetically sealed sutures when used for gluing intestinal loops and for creation of intestinal anastomoses. The use of biological glue promoted the formation of elastic fibrous tissue not distorting the intestinal lumen.

Sulfacrylate glue composition was used in surgery for traumatic injuries to parenchymatous organs for attaining hemostasis and hermetic sealing of intestinal anastomoses and hollow organs, in cancer patients, in gynecological and thoracic surgery, and in correction of congenital defects. Glue composition ensures reliable intraoperative hemostasis, hermetic sealing of wounds in parenchymatous and hollow organs, prevents infection of the abdominal and thoracic cavities, thus reducing endotoxicosis and stimulating tissue regeneration. The use of Sulfacrylate optimized surgery, facilitated operative technology in difficult situations, and prevented the development of postoperative complications.

A concept is presented of development of the epidemiological service in Ukraine. It is based on modern informative computer technologies of epidemic risk management and epidemic situation assessment. On the basis of mathematical modelling and theory of optimal control a new approach has been worked out for epidemic risk estimation and forecasting of epidemic situation development. Figs: 8. Tabl: 1. Refs: 43.

International audience; Imaging experiments of ultrafast phenomena of matter at nanometre-scale require intense, short pulse duration and diffraction-limited soft–X-ray beams, nowadays almost only provided by free-electron lasers. Here, we focused on a table-top soft–X-ray source, which fulfils these fundamental criteria and in addition presents high temporal coherence, the high harmonics generated with a two-colour field (ω+2ω). These harmonics revealed to be free from aberration just by slightly spatially filtering the laser used for generation (ω). Indeed, the measured wavefront distortions, equal to λ/17 RMS at 44 nm, correspond to a diffraction-limited beam. This behaviour is explained by an additional spatial nonlinear filtering effect of the driving laser wavefront, induced here in our particular but simple geometrical configuration of generation by the 2ω component.

International audience; Free-electron lasers (FEL) and plasma-based soft x-ray lasers (PSXL) have been recently evolving very fast from the vacuum ultraviolet to the soft x-ray region. Once seeded with high harmonics, these schemes are considered as the next generation soft x-ray light sources delivering ultrashort pulses with high temporal and spatial coherence. Here, we present a detailed experimental study of a kHz two-colour high harmonic generation performed in various gases and investigate its potential as a suitable evolution of the actual seeding sources. It turns out that this double harmonic content source is highly tuneable, controllable and delivers intense radiation (measured here with a calibrated photodiode) with only one order of magnitude difference in the photon yield from 65 to 13 nm. Then, first and foremost, injections could be achieved at wavelengths shorter than what was previously accessible in FEL and PSXL and/or additional energy could be extracted. Also, such a strong and handy seed could allow the saturation range of FEL devices to be greatly extended to shorter wavelengths and would bring higher spectral as well as intensity stabilities in this spectral zone.

International audience; By seeding an optical-field-ionized population-inverted plasma amplifier with the 25th harmonic of an IR laser, we have achieved what we believe to be the first aberration-free laser beam in the soft x-ray spectral range. This laser emits within a cone of 1.34 mrad(1/e^2) at a repetition rate of 10 Hz at a central wavelength of 32.8 nm. The beam exhibits a circular profile and wavefront distortions as low as λ/17. A theoretical analysis of these results shows that this high beam quality is due to spatial filtering of the seed beam by the plasma amplifier aperture.

The ultrastructure of parenchymatous and stromal cells was studied in relation to reversibility of experimental cirrhosis of the liver in rats under ordinary conditions and also under the influence of exogenous RNA administered in various ways. The dynamics of the changes in cell ultrastructure correlated with the dynamics of the quantitative indices. A short course of RNA was found to have a beneficial role on intracellular reparative regeneration of the hepatocytes, but a long course had an adverse effect. Both parenchymatous and stromal cells take part in the resorption of collagen.

Summary The structural proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) Indiana, VSV New Jersey, Chandipura virus and Piry virus were compared by using two different SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems. The G and M proteins of the Indiana serotype had different electrophoretic mobilities from the corresponding proteins of VSV New Jersey, Chandipura virus and Piry virus in a continuous-SDS (CONT-SDS) gel system. The three major proteins of VSV Indiana G, N and M, were distinctly different from their counterpart proteins in the other three viruses when a high-resolution discontinuous-SDS (DISC-SDS) system was used. Chandipura and Piry virus glycoproteins migrated differently when co-electrophoresed in the CONT-SDS system, whereas both their N and M proteins were different in the DISC-SDS method. During infection both Chandipura and Piry viruses produced defective T particles which contained the same four structural proteins as virus particles.

The results of operations on 6 newborn infants for destructive appendicitis are analysed. It is pointed out that the diagnosis of acute appendicitis is made with great difficulties because there are no typical signs of the disease and complications that develop rapidly: diffuse peritonitis or formation of an appendicular abscess. Examples of the management of patients with a complicated course of acute destructive appendicitis are given.

Ultrastructural peculiarities of hepatocytes and Kupffer's cells in rats during the spontaneous reversibility of the experimental cirrhosis of the liver under the usual conditions and also under the influence of exogenous RNA, administered by different methods, were studied. The changes in cell ultrastructure proved to correlate with those of the quantitative indices of the protein synthesizing the liver function during the hepatic cirrhosis reversibility. A positive role of the RNA influence of short duration on the intracellular reparative hepatocytes regeneration, and a negative one in case of RNA influence of long duration was revealed. Participation in the resorption of collagen both of the parenchymal cells and of the stroma was shown.