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Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids are important environmental factors affecting fish welfare. The deterioration of these parameters beyond the tolerance limits causes environmental stress and suppression of the immune system. Moreover, it allows opportunistic pathogens that are always present in the environment to infect immune-suppressed fish and cause serious disease outbreaks. In this study, water quality parameters and pathogenic bacteria profiles were monitored for 1 year in rainbow trout farms operating in the same river basin. Then, a data set was created considering the pathogenic bacteria in the diseased fish and the water quality parameters in the farm environment. Each of the water quality parameters in the data set was first used as an attribute and their order of importance in terms of disease outbreak was determined. Then, using multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analysis, which is one of the machine learning (ML) techniques, the possibility of water quality parameters revealing a disease outbreak was evaluated. Furthermore, very effective models that can be used to predict the probability of disease occurrence in trout farms with an accuracy of 95.65% have been created.

Bu çalışma, XIX. yüzyıldan itibaren modernleşme sürecini Batı'yı özellikle Fransa'yı örnek alarak hızlandıran ve güçlü bir yazın geleneği olan Osmanlı, Mısır ve İran toplumunda Les Aventures de Télémaque, fils d'Ulysse (1699) adlı romanın çevirisine gösterilen rağbetin nedenlerini sorgulamaktadır. François Fénelon (1651-1715) tarafından kaleme alınan eser, matbu kitap olarak Türkçeye, Arapçaya ve Farsçaya XIX. yüzyılda çevrilmiştir. Mevcut çalışma, eserin bu dillerde ilk çeviri romanlardan biri olmasının ortak sebepleri olabileceğini ileri sürmekte; eserin çevirisine verilen önemin, adı geçen toplumların tarihsel süreciyle yakından ilişkili olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu amaçla işlev odaklı betimleyici çeviribilim yaklaşımından hareketle, çevirilerin gerçekleştiği dönemlerdeki sosyo-tarihsel koşullar üzerinde durulmakta, ardından eserin kimler tarafından hangi saiklerle çevrildiği ve genel olarak etkileri betimlenmektedir. Sonuçta Aydınlanma felsefesinin tesirindeki bu toplumlarda, eserin ideal devletin ve vatandaşın mahiyetine dayalı izlekleri itibarıyla özellikle tercih edildiği görüşüne ulaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca ideal insanı öne çıkaran didaktik içeriğiyle erek toplumlardaki etik normların pekiştirilmesine ve beynelmilel kültürel karşılaşmaların makul düzeyde gerçekleşmesine katkı sunduğu görülmektedir.

Bursalı Rahmî who was a poet of 16th century was mentioned in many aspects in the tezkires. First it was written about him that he was well-educated and started to say poems in his earlier ages. Because of his ability of saying poems he was under the auspices of İskender Çelebi and the Grand Vizier İbrahim Paşa. Furthermore he was also praised by Sultan Süleyman. In the tezkires it was said that he had a strong personality and had a proficiency of poem. He had a diwan and two masnavies. One of them is Gül-i Sad-berg which was a reply to the Iranian poet Nizamî's Mahzenü'l-Esrâr and the second one is Şâh u Gedâ which was translated with the same name from the Iranian poet Hilalî. The collections of poets are the important resources in which the poems of diwan poets were recorded. The subject of this studying is composed of six unpublished odes which were supposed to belong to Rahmî. And these odes were in the Mecmû’a-i Eş’ar in the library of the institution of İstanbul researches and it was registered ŞR 60. Mecmû’a-i Eş’ar is composed of the poems of the poets in 16th century like Bakî, Emrî, Necatî, Rahmî, Ubeydî, Ümidî and Zatî. It was arranged systematicly. In this collection there is a special chapter for poems of each poet. This collection in which there are 24 odes belong to Rahmî and in other place there are 6 unpublished odes which were quessed that they belong to him. In this study the presumptions were illustrated by discussing the reasons. These six odes were introduced with their general features by rewriting them in latin alphabet.

Ende März 2014 hat das Gallup-Institut seine Studie zum Mitarbeiter-Engagement-Index veröffentlicht, welchen sie seit dreizehn Jahren erhebt. Wieder geben 84% der Befragten über achtzehn Jahren an, dass sie sich gering bis gar nicht dem Unternehmen verbunden fühlen, bei dem sie beschäftigt sind. Auch wenn ihr Anteil von 11% im Jahre 2011 auf nun 16% gestiegen ist, ist der Anteil der Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen mit einer hohen emotionalen Bindung zum Unternehmen noch viel zu gering. Bei 33,819 Millionen Erwerbstätigen, die über achtzehn Jahre alt sind, führt diese Situation auf Grund von Fehlzeiten, Fluktuation, Mitarbeiterschwund, Arbeitsunfällen und Qualitätsproblemen zu Mehrkosten für die deutsche Volkswirtschaft in Höhe von mindestens 98,5 Milliarden Euro. Was können Firmen und die einzelnen Führungskräfte unternehmen, um diesen Zustand zu verbessern? Kann durch Anerkennung und Wertschätzung die Bindung der Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen und dadurch der Unternehmensgewinn gesteigert werden? The Gallup Institute published the results of its Employee Engagement Index study at the end of March, which it has been conducting for 13 years. Again, 85% of the polled participants over the age of 18 do not feel associated to the company they work for. Although the percentage has increased from 11% in 2011 to 16%, the percentage of employees with a high level of emotional attachment to their company is quite low. As Germany has 33,819 million employees over the age of 18, this lack of attachment leads to issues such as absenteeism, employee turnover, work force decline, work-related accidents and quality issues; which in turn increases the costs for the German economy by at least 98.5 billion Euros. What can companies and individual managers do to improve this situation? Can employee commitment/ retention be improved through employee appreciation and recognition and thus increase business profits? Keywords: total rewards systeme, maslowsche bedürfnispyramide, innere kündigung, gallup studie, frederick herzberg

In the present study, the treatability of a metal plating wastewater containing complexed metals originating from the nickel and zinc plating process by electrocoagulation using stainless steel electrodes was experimentally investigated. The study focused on the effect of important operation parameters on electrocoagulation process performance in terms of organic complex former, nickel and zinc removals as well as sludge production and specific energy consumption. The results indicated that increasing the applied current density from 2.25 to 9.0 mA/cm(2) appreciably enhanced TOC removal efficiency from 20% to 66%, but a further increase in the applied current density to 56.25 mA/cm(2) did not accelerate TOC removal rates. Electrolyte concentration did not affect the process performance significantly and the highest TOC reduction (66%) accompanied with complete heavy metal removals were achieved at the original chloride content ( approximately 1500 mg Cl/L) of the wastewater sample. Nickel removal performance was adversely affected by the decrease of initial pH from its original value of 6. Optimum working conditions for electrocoagulation of metal plating effluent were established as follows: an applied current density of 9 mA/cm(2), the effluent's original electrolyte concentration and pH of the composite sample. TOC removal rates obtained for all electrocoagulation runs fitted pseudo-first-order kinetics very well (R(2)>92-99).

Objectives: To investigate possible associations between risk of acoustic neuroma and exposure to loud noise in leisure and occupational settings. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in France within the international INTERPHONE study. The cases were the 108 subjects diagnosed with acoustic neuroma between 1 June 2000 and 31 August 2003. Two controls per case were selected from the electoral rolls and individually matched for gender, age (5 years) and area (local authority district) of residence at the time of the case diagnosis. Multivariate analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression. Adjustment was made for socioeconomic status. Results: Acoustic neuroma was found to be associated with loud noise exposure (odds ratio (OR) = 2.55; 95% CI 1.35 to 4.82), both in leisure settings, particularly when listening to loud music (OR = 3.88; 95% CI 1.48 to 10.17) and at work (OR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.08 to 4.72). This risk increased with exposure duration (>6 years’ leisure exposure: OR = 3.15; 95% CI 1.07 to 9.24). Risk varied according to the type of noise (continuous or explosive vs intermittent). Conclusion: The present results agree with other recent reports implicating loud noise in the risk of acoustic neuroma.

Farklı tank tiplerinin levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1758) larvasının büyüme ve yaşama oranları üzerine etkileri. Bu çalışmada, farklı tank tiplerinin levrek larvası yaşama, gelişim ve büyüme oranları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, yaygın olarak kullanılan farklı şekil, hacim, derinlik ve yüzey alanına sahip 3 farklı tipte (sırasıyla A, B ve C) larva tankı kullanılmıştır. Her tank tipi için iki tekrar gerçekleştirilmiş olup, her bir tanka 100 g/m³ oranında yumurta stoklanmıştır. Yumurtadan çıkıştan sonra, larval yetiştiricilik aynı tanklarda intensif akışkanlı su yöntemi ile 60. güne kadar sürdürülmüştür. Ayrıca 60. günde, hava keseli ve hava kesesiz tüm larvalar sayılmış ve her bir tanktan rasgele seçilen 100 larvanın yaş ağırlığı ve total boyu ölçülmüştür. C tanklarındaki larvaların yaşama oranı hem A hem de B tanklarındaki larvaların yaşama oranından daha yüksek olmuştur (p

In the present study, the treatment of metal plating wastewater containing complexed metals originating from the nickel and zinc plating process by electrocoagulation (EC) using stainless steel electrodes was explored. In order to improve the organic matter removal efficiency, the effect of H(2)O(2) addition to the electrocoagulation (the combined EC/Fenton process) application was investigated. For this purpose, a wide range of H(2)O(2) concentrations varying between 15 and 230 mM was tested. All EC and EC/Fenton processes were performed at an initial pH of 2.6 and at an optimized current density of 22 mA/cm(2). Although up to 30 mM H(2)O(2) addition improved the EC process performance in terms of organic matter abatement, the highest COD and TOC removal efficiencies were obtained for the combined EC/Fenton process in the presence of 20 mM H(2)O(2). Nickel and zinc were completely removed for all runs tested in the present study after pH adjustments. At the optimized operation conditions, the combined EC/Fenton process proved to be an alternative treatment method for the improvement of organic matter reduction as well as complexed metal removal from metal plating industry wastewater.

Farklı tank tiplerinin levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax L, 1758) larvasının büyüme ve yaşama oranlan üzerine etkileri. Bu çalışmada, farklı tank tiplerinin levrek larvası yaşama, gelişim ve büyüme oranları üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, yaygın olarak kullanılan farklı şekil, hacim, derinlik ve yüzey alanına sahip 3 farklı tipte (sırasıyla A, B ve C) larva tankı kullanılmıştır. Her tank tipi için iki tekrar gerçekleştirilmiş olup, her bir tanka 100 g/m3 oranında yumurta stoklanmıştır. Yumurtadan çıkıştan sonra, larval yetiştiricilik aynı tanklarda intensif akışkanlı su yöntemi ile 60. güne kadar sürdürülmüştür. Ayrıca 60. günde, hava keseli ve hava kesesiz tüm larvalar sayılmış ve her bir tanktan rasgele seçilen 100 larvanın yaş ağırlığı ve total boyu ölçülmüştür. C tanklarındaki larvaların yaşama oranı hem A hem de B tanklarındaki larvaların yaşama oranından daha yüksek olmuştur (p0.05). En düşük ortalama yaş ağırlık değeri C tanklarında kaydedilirken, en yüksek ortalama yaş ağırlık değeri A tanklarında elde edilmiştir. Fakat hem A hem de B tanklarında ortalama total boy değerleri C tanklarında kaydedilen değerden daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p, In this study, we investigated that the effects of different tank types on survival, development and growth of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, larvae. Therefore, we used three different types (A, B and C) of common hatchery tanks having different shapes, volumes, depths and surface areas. Each tank type had two replicates and each tank was stocked with 100 g eggs/m3. After eggs hatched, larvae were reared in the same tank for 60 days. On 60 days-post-hatching, all larvae with or without a functional swim bladder were counted and wet weights and total lengths of 100 randomly selected larvae from each tank were measured. Survival of larvae in C tanks was higher (p0.05) among the three tank types. The highest mean wet weight was observed in A tanks while the larvae in C tanks had the lowest mean wet weight. Mean total length of larvae was higher (p

To analyze occupational and non-occupational exposure factors suspected of being associated with scleroderma (SSc), with a view to inculpating or excluding certain potentially toxic substances (e.g., solvents), thereby contributing to the recognition of such toxins in the field of occupational health.The study comprised 10 men and 83 women diagnosed with SSc between 1995 and 1999 (American College of Rheumatology criteria) and early SSc, and 206 age and sex matched controls. The SSc registry is all-inclusive in the French administrative departments of Isere and Savoie so controls were randomly selected from the general population (using telephone directories) in these departments to ensure full representation. Exposure factors were analyzed for each subject by a personal questionnaire, and an individual evaluation was carried out by an industrial expert. Data were analyzed by conditional logistical regression adjusting for educational level.Construction workers were at significantly higher risk of contracting SSc; odds ratio (OR) = 4.01 (95% confidence interval 1.14-14.09). Analysis by industrial experts identified exposure to certain toxic substances regularly used by these same workers as risk factors for SSc: cleaning products: OR = 1.66 (0.90-3.08) (both sexes) and OR = 1.71 (0.92-3.20) (women only); solvents: OR = 3.23 (1.58-6.63) (both sexes) and OR = 2.80 (1.28-6.11) (women only); synthetic adhesives: OR 25.36 (1.36-472.28) (on 3 exposed cases).Exposure to either cleaning products or solvents emerged as a risk factor for SSc. Exposure factors should be characterized and results of all studies compared to implement appropriate preventive measures in relevant workplaces.

In this study, esterase isozyme polymorphisms in Boreal-Tertiary origin relict endemic L. orientalis populations were investigated. Four populations located in the Southern and the Southwestern regions of Turkey were screened. Two of these populations (Fethiye-Günlüklü and Fethiye-İnlice) belong to subspecies L. orientalis Mill.var. orientalis. The other two (Muğla-Köyceğiz and Antalya-Gebiz) belong to subspecies L. orientalis Mill.var. integriloba Fiori. A total of 12 esterase bands were detected and named according to their increasing relative mobilities on the polyacrylamide gels. Six of them were ?-esterases, four of them were ?-esterases aud the remaining two were ?/?-esterases. These 12 esterase bands resulted in 37 different banding patterns in four populations. Only four of these 37 patterns were common among the populations. The levels of variations detected within and among the populations were surprisingly high. According to the results obtained from this study, subspecies L. orientalis Mill. var. orientalis and subspecies L. orientalis Mill. var. integriloba Fiori were not distinguished from each other in any respect. Being the first in the specialized literature of the studied plant species, this preliminary study carried out using esterase isozymes as a biochemical marker is important. Bu çalışmada, Boreal-Tertiary orijinli relikt endemik L. orientalis populasyonlarında esteraz izoenzim polimorfizmleri incelenmiştir. Türkiye’nin güney ve güney batı bölgelerinden dört populasyon taranmıştır. Bu populasyonlardan ikisi (Fethiye-Günlüklü ve Fethiye-İnlice) L. orientalis Mill.var. orientalis alt türüne aittir. Diğer ikisi ise (Muğla-Köyceğiz ve Antalya-Gebiz) L. orientalis Mill.var. integriloba Fiori alt türüne aittir. Poliakrilamid jelde artan göreceli yürüme değerlerine göre adlandırılan toplam 12 esteraz bandı tespit edilmiştir. Bunların altısı α-esteraz, dördü β-esteraz ve ikisi de α / β-esterazdır. Bu 12 esteraz bandı, dört populasyonda 37 farklı bant deseni oluşturmuştur. Bu 37 farklı bant deseninden sadece dördü bütün populasyonlarda ortaktır. Populasyon içi ve populasyonlar arası çeşitlilik şaşırtıcı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, L. orientalis Mill. var. orientalis ve L. orientalis Mill. var. integriloba Fiori alt türlerinin birbirlerinden ayırt edilemediklerini göstermektedir. Esteraz izoenzimlerini biyokimyasal bir belirteç olarak kullanan bu ön çalışma, bu bitki türüne ait literatürde ilk olma özelliği nedeniyle önemlidir.

Historical commercial districts in city centres in Turkey face social, cultural, environmental and economical challenges of managing rapid urban and economical development in the last two decades. They are being subjected to dramatic physical deterioration and rapid social and economical decline. Enriching relationships between local tradesmen associations, local authorities and non-governmental organisations through a structured engagement process can deliver innovative new revitalisation approaches and design options towards sustainable futures of historical commercial districts both in Turkey and in the world. This paper presents a community engagement model, which can be seen as the revival of a guild system (Lonca), which is unique to Ottoman Turkish culture, for the sustainable future of a historical commercial district in a Turkish city, Bursa. One of the main objectives of this study is to discuss and evaluate successes and failures of this community engagement model. Other objective of the paper is to discuss the effectiveness of this civil organisation for creating scenarios about sustainable future of a historical commercial district. The key finding of this study shows community engagement models should support public decision making by developing a coherent framework to identify the sustainable future scenarios with multi- or interdisciplinary collaborations.