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This paper addresses the stabilization of voltage and frequency in multi-area diverse source power systems (MADSPS). Consequently, to attain this, an investigation was carried out on the load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation in combined (CLFC-AVR) analysis. The MADSPS comprises multiple generation units, such as Thermal-Hydro-Wind in each area, and performs the analysis by laying area-1 with a 10% step load disturbance (10%SLD) under the supervision of a fuzzy-aided proportional-integral-derivative (PID) optimally rendered with a novel searching strategy of hybrid (H) artificial electric field (HAEFA) algorithm. However, the tuning of the fuzzy PID controller using the HAEFA technique is performed under different time-domain objective functions and their combinations to reveal the most suitable index for optimization of the considered model. Moreover, the efficacy of the HAEFA-tuned fuzzy PID was compared with classical PI/PID. Further, the CLFC-AVR investigation on MADSPS is stretched with the integration of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) in each area and the flexible AC transmission device of the thyristor-controlled series compensator (TCSC) with a tie line for performance boost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study introduces a unique control strategy combining multi-frequency control (MFC) and fuzzy PI control for LF-HVAC transmission systems. MFC is typically associated with microgrid applications, but here it's adapted for use in a different context – LF-HVAC transmission (low frequency high voltage alternating current). The proposed controller is shown to enhance system performance by reducing settling time and peak time of frequency fluctuations by small but significant percentages (0.12% and 0.15% respectively). These improvements contribute to better transient response and stability in LF-HVAC transmission systems. By minimizing power quality problems associated with frequency changes, such as total harmonic distortion (THD) of line voltage, the proposed controller enhances the overall quality and reliability of power transmission. This is particularly crucial in high-voltage transmission systems where maintaining stable voltage levels is essential. The study goes beyond theoretical simulations by validating the proposed model using both MATLAB simulations and real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations with Opal RT. This comprehensive validation process ensures the reliability and applicability of the proposed control strategy in practical LF-HVAC transmission systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinematics is a fundamental topic in engineering, robotics, mechatronics, and control systems and significantly resolves some of these fields' most pressing issues. It is essential to assess the balance between a topic's theoretical framework and its empirical validation to succeed in engineering. Educational tools have gained significant attention for their ability to enhance the learning experience by providing the hands-on experiences necessary to assess theoretical frameworks and empirical validations. This paper presents a system incorporating state-of-the-art features, including a fuzzy controller enabling precise control of a linear actuator and a USB camera, to provide an interactive experience. The USB camera captures the position of the actuator, providing real-time visual feedback and allowing the students to validate their theoretical understanding through practical experiments. Precision, accuracy, resolution, and the implementation of the fuzzy controller are measured to evaluate the whole system's performance. The design, implementation, and control of our educational electrical linear actuator for teaching kinematics concepts contribute to a practical educational tool and advance interactive learning approaches in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinematics is a fundamental topic in engineering, robotics, mechatronics, and control systems and significantly resolves some of these fields’ most pressing issues. It is essential to assess the balance between a topic’s theoretical framework and its empirical validation to succeed in engineering. Educational tools have gained significant attention for their ability to enhance the learning experience by providing the hands-on experiences necessary to assess theoretical frameworks and empirical validations. This paper presents a system incorporating state-of-the-art features, including a fuzzy controller enabling precise control of a linear actuator and a USB camera, to provide an interactive experience. The USB camera captures the position of the actuator, providing real-time visual feedback and allowing the students to validate their theoretical understanding through practical experiments. Precision, accuracy, resolution, and the implementation of the fuzzy controller are measured to evaluate the whole system’s performance. The design, implementation, and control of our educational electrical linear actuator for teaching kinematics concepts contribute to a practical educational tool and advance interactive learning approaches in the field.

Stroke and other neurological disorders often lead to reduced motor function and to pathological foot motion during gait. We consider Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) of the shank muscles that control dorsiflexion (related to pitch) and eversion (related to roll) of the foot. We describe the nonlinear domain of stimulation intensities that are tolerated by subjects in combined two-channel FES via surface electrodes. Two piecewise linear parameterizations of this domain are suggested and compared in terms of the cross-couplings between the newly defined stimulation intensity coordinates and the foot motion caused during swing phase in drop foot patients walking on a treadmill. Both parameterizations are found to yield almost monotonous input-output behavior and therefore facilitate decentralized control of the foot pitch and roll angle.

Multi-modal sensor fusion has become ubiquitous in the field of vehicle motion estimation. Achieving a consistent sensor fusion in such a set-up demands the precise knowledge of the misalignments between the coordinate systems in which the different information sources are expressed. In ego-motion estimation, even sub-degree misalignment errors lead to serious performance degradation. The present work addresses the extrinsic calibration of a land vehicle equipped with standard production car sensors and an automotive-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU). Specifically, the article presents a method for the estimation of the misalignment between the IMU and vehicle coordinate systems, while considering the IMU biases. The estimation problem is treated as a joint state and parameter estimation problem, and solved using an adaptive estimator that relies on the IMU measurements, a dynamic single-track model as well as the suspension and odometry systems. Additionally, we show that the validity of the misalignment estimates can be assessed by identifying the misalignment between a high-precision INS/GNSS and the IMU and vehicle coordinate systems. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration procedure is demonstrated using real sensor data. The results show that estimation accuracies below 0.1 degrees can be achieved in spite of moderate variations in the manoeuvre execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]