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Macro-morphological data were analysed to assess the distinctiveness and revise the taxonomy of 14 species, varieties and tag-named taxa in five informal species groups of ebracteate-erect forget-me-nots endemic to New Zealand. The following nine species are recognised: Myosotis albosericea Hook.f., M. brockiei L.B.Moore & M.J.A.Simpson, M. capitata Hook.f., M. concinna Cheeseman, M. goyenii Petrie, M. laeta Cheeseman, M. monroi Cheeseman, M. rakiura L.B.Moore, and M. traversii Hook.f. Three species have two allopatric subspecies each in the South Island, distinguished by few, minor morphological characters, including Myosotis brockiei subsp. brockiei and M. brockiei subsp. dysis Courtney & Meudt subsp. nov., M. goyenii subsp. goyenii and M. goyenii subsp. infima Meudt & Heenan, and M. traversii subsp. cantabrica (L.B.Moore) Meudt comb. et stat. nov. and M. traversii subsp. traversii. Myosotis × cinerascens Petrie is hypothesised to be a rare natural hybrid involving M. traversii subsp. cantabrica and another species, possibly M. colensoi. Several vegetative and floral characteristics can distinguish the study taxa from one another and from other ebracteate-erect species. The nine species plus M. × cinerascens are included in the taxonomic treatment, and the key also includes other recently revised ebracteate-erect species.

—“Plant blindness” is affecting humans’ relationships with plants, which has negative consequences for both science and conservation. It is, therefore, important to find new ways to promote societal interest in botany and plants. One possibility is encouraging the use of informal settings to promote curiosity and provide education to students. Forest fragments can be regarded as open air labs for teaching botany, especially on university campuses. We aimed to formally document the angiosperm diversity in the Mata dos Saguis (MS), a fragment of Atlantic forest under restoration belonging to the central campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil. We recorded 140 species, 113 genera in 52 families, and 24 orders of angiosperms. The MS has nearly 10% of the species and one third of all the families occurring in the entire state of Rio Grande do Norte, representing the main evolutionary groups of angiosperms, and we also recorded two new species occurrences for the state. Here we provide a checklist of the MS, a location that has been used as an open-air laboratory by many UFRN undergraduate courses in biosciences. We also share examples that can be replicated in other institutions and discuss the process of learning systematic botany in floristically rich countries by means of alternative and hands-on experiences.

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The three main aims of this study were to circumscribe the Myosotis australis R.Br. group, determine the taxonomic utility of pollen characters, and delimit species and revise their taxonomy using macro-morphological and palynological data. The M. australis group is here recircumscribed to comprise two species, M. saxatilis Petrie (Marlborough and Otago, New Zealand) and M. australis. Myosotis australis is a widespread, morphologically variable species with two subspecies. M. australis subsp. australis comprises all Australian and most New Zealand specimens, including M. mooreana Lehnebach, M. lytteltonensis (Laing & A.Wall) de Lange, and several white- or yellow-flowered tag-named taxa from New Zealand, whereas M. australis subsp. saruwagedica (Schltr. ex Brand) Meudt, Thorsen & Prebble, comb. et stat. nov. is endemic to New Guinea. The M. australis group can be distinguished from all other ebracteate-erect Myosotis plants sampled to date, including the Australian endemic, M. exarrhena F.Muell., by a suite of characters, i.e. included anthers, calyx with both retrorse and hooked trichomes, rosette leaf trichomes retrorse abaxially and oblique to the midrib adaxially, and leaf length : width ratio of >2 : 1. Other characters can distinguish the group from M. discolor Pers., M. arvensis (L.) Hill, and M. umbrosa Meudt, Prebble & Thorsen respectively. Pollen characters were not useful for species delimitation within the M. australis group, but they can help distinguish several species outside it, including natural hybrids of M. australis and M. exarrhena in Australia. Myosotis australis, M. saxatilis and M. exarrhena are included in the taxonomic treatment, whereas introduced species M. discolor and M. arvensis are included in the key only.

Scott Alan Mori (1941—2020) was among the most distinguished and prolific botanists in the 129-year history of The New York Botanical Garden (NYBG). He spent nearly 40 years of his career at NYBG before retiring in 2014 as Nathaniel Lord Britton Curator of Botany, and then serving as Curator Emeritus until his death on August 12, 2020. Over the course of his career he collected more than 27,000 herbarium specimens, described and named 125 new taxa, had at least 70 new taxa named in his honor, wrote more than 130 scientific papers and dozens of popular articles and blog posts, authored or edited 18 books or monographs, and was the major professor for 11 graduate students. His decades of professional accomplishments brought him many of the most prestigious awards in botany. He was awarded the Engler Medal in Silver from the International Association of Plant Taxonomy for the best publication in systematic botany in 2002. He received the David Fairchild Medal for Plant Exploration in 2007 from the National Tropical Botanical Garden. He won the Asa Gray Award in 2007 from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists. This article examines the multi-faceted legacy of Scott Mori as a great neotropical plant explorer, botanical scholar, author, educator, mentor, conservationist, colleague, and friend. This article also reviews the places that he visited, the projects on which he worked, and the people with whom he collaborated, with appreciative commentaries provided by some of the many individuals he profoundly influenced over the years.

Geranium lahulense, a new species from Keylong, Lahul & Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, is described and illustrated. The new species is distinguished from its allied species (G. richardsonii, G. pratense, G. himalayense) by its deltoid-subulate stipules, polygonal to sub-globular leaves with widely separated rhombic segments, white obovate-cordate petals and mericarps without any transverse vein at apex. A morphological comparison with related species and taxonomic key to distinguish the species are also provided.

Molecular phylogenetics in general, particularly DNA barcoding, has revolutionized the systematic botany for exact identification of the species with respect to its possible affinities. Pakistan being blessed with a wide range of rare and endemic plants is devoid of critical data on its native flora mostly threatened to the verge of extinction. This paper explores the applicability of DNA barcodes, viz. rbcLa, matK and nrITs for the reconstruction of the phylogeny of Haplophyllum gilesii (Hemsel.) C. C. Townsend, a critically endangered, narrow endemic medicinal plant in Pakistan. The DNA sequences after retrieving from NCBI, for maximum likelihood, near neighbor joining and maximum parsimony, close match and best close match analyses, were performed using MUSCLE, BioEdit, MEGA-7 and TAXONDNA softwares and revealed that the universal plastid barcodes, rbcLa and nrlTs carrying 593 bp and 458 bp, respectively, are effective candidates for precise molecular description of this species, while matK remained as a challenge in this regard. BlastN algorithm successfully matched giving 99% and 96% identity with the reference datasets. The results further confirmed 75% best and best close match for rbcLa 12% while 0.0% for nrITs. Our findings are the first of its nature for Pakistan, which provides a sound foundation for molecular biosystematics of the threatened flora of the region.

Background: In practice, timber companies use production forests or forest management units (FMU) for timber/wood purposes. Little attention is paid for Non-wood forest products (NWFP), which is not good. This study analyses the diversity in the usage of edible wild plants among the people based in the periphery of the Tala Tala FMU in the North Congo. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from 8 to 23 May 2012 on edible NWFP used by Baka and Bakwele populations living in the periphery of the Tala Tala FMU. The method used is the one called «Method for the popular usage», which consists of gathering data on the popular use of forest products in a given area. By comparing the Tala Tala whole population to a forest zone, it is possible to make reconciliations between the systematic botany and the ethnobotany. This reconciliation distinguishes five levels of data collection in the ethnobotany of the Tala Tala including the whole population, the ethnic group, the informant (household), the plant species, and the quotation. We assessed the relative importance, diversity, and similarities in the usages of edible NWFP. Results : A total of 52 households provided information on the popular use of wild edible plants. A total of 57 plant species and 69 recipes were collected for which a total of 594 quotations (citations) were made. These plant species are distributed in 46 genus and 33 families. The Baka and Bakwele communities use the same plant species and recipes in the same way and with the same importance. The overall usage diversity is higher for both plants and recipes (H>4, E>0.8) among Baka pygmies than Bakwele people. Conclusions : Some plants used in the Tala Tala FMU are well known in other Congo basin countries for similar usages. Other were identified as ‘’priority’’ or ‘’key’’ edible NWFP. The glaring development challenge of what precedes is the urgent need to assess the abundance (availability) and conduct a structural analysis of the plant species used with the view to propose fair management schemes. Keywords: Forest Management Unit, Non-Wood Forest Products, edible plants, recipes, ethnobotany, diversity indexes.

This paper presents a revision of Uvaria L. (Annonaceae) in continental Asia and outlying islands, north of the Thailand–Malaysia border, on the basis of a combination of new morphological analyses and recent phylogenetic data. Two new taxonomic groupings are defined within the genus in Asia on the basis of detailed morphological character analysis in ~1800 specimens. Stamen and carpel structure are shown to be significantly more informative than calyx and corolla characters for subgeneric differentiation, and reliably discriminate basal and derived radiations when mapped onto recent molecular phylogenies for the genus in Asia. Thirty-three species and species varieties are recognised within Uvaria in continental Asia, incorporating taxa formerly assigned to Anomianthus Zoll., Cyathostemma Griff., Ellipeia Hook.f. & Thomson, Ellipeiopsis R.E.Fr. and Dasoclema J.Sinclair. Four new combinations are proposed, and outstanding taxonomic, nomenclatural and typification issues are resolved for included taxa. Keys for both flowering and fruiting material are included, and distribution data are provided for all taxa.

Cheilanthoid ferns (Cheilanthoideae sensu PPG 1 2016) constitute an important group within the Pteridaceae and are cosmopolitan in distribution. In South America, there are 155 species distributed in 13 genera, among which the largest are Adiantopsis (35), Cheilanthes (27), and Doryopteris (22). Most of the cheilanthoid species are morphologically adapted to grow in arid to semi-arid conditions and show convergent evolution, which has implied difficulties in defining the genera throughout their taxonomic history (Copeland 1947, Tryon & Tryon 1973, Gastony & Rollo 1995, 1998, Kirkpatrick Systematic Botany, 32: 504–518, 2007, Rothfels et al. Taxon, 57: 712–724, 2008). Here, we sequenced two plastid markers (rbcL + trnL-F) of 33 South American cheilanthoid species, most of which have not been included in phylogenetic analyses previously. The South American species were analyzed together with South African and Australasian Cheilanthes and representatives of related cheilanthoid genera. The phylogenetic analysis showed that most Cheilanthes species are related to the genus Hemionitis, constituting different groups according to their distribution; moreover, three species—C. hassleri, C. pantanalensis, and C. obducta—appear as the sister clade of Hemionitis. Cheilanthes micropteris, the type species, is strongly supported in a clade with Australasian Cheilanthes plus five South American Cheilanthes species, all of which show a reduction in the number of spores per sporangium; this feature would be a synapomorphy for core Cheilanthes s.s. We found no support uniting other South American Cheilanthes to either the group of South African Cheilanthes or to core Cheilanthes s.s. On the other hand, C. geraniifolia, C. goyazensis, and C. bradei formed a clade related to Doryopteris that, with further study, could be considered as a new genus. The phylogenetic hypotheses presented here contribute substantially to the delimitation of Cheilanthes s.s. and related groups and provide the basis for re-examining the generic taxonomy. Fil: Ponce, Marta Monica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina Fil: Scataglini, María Amalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentina

Wijnands, D.O.†, J. Heniger, J.F. Veldkamp, N. Fumeaux & M.W. Callmander (2017). The botanical legacy of Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798) in Geneva. Candollea 72 : 155–198. In English, English abstract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c2017v721a11 The contribution made by Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798) to systematic botany has been widely underestimated. Fourteen volumes of the second part of his Natuurlijke Historie of Uitvoerige Beschrijving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, published between 1773 and 1783, dealt with botany. Houttuyn popularized the Linnaean system and published more than 150 species and several genera. The historical context of this early botanical work is described. The history of the acquisition of Houttuyn's herbarium is outlined and an English translation of his auction catalogue is provided. We discuss Houttuyn's exotic herbaria from the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Java (Indonesia), and Japan. Houttuyn did not go abroad to collect plants. His herba...

The genus Philodendron Schott comprises the following three currently accepted subgenenera: P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and P. subg. Meconostigma; however, these lack a well-defined classification. In the present study, we examined anatomically samples of adventitious roots in species of the group, so as to establish aspects relevant for taxonomic purposes. The anatomical analyses emphasised the characteristics of the steles in cross-sections of the root samples from regions near the apex to the most mature zones. A species of a closely related genus Adelonema, namely A. crinipes, was included in the study to clarify the results. Our results indicated notable differences in the species of the subgenus Meconostigma, mainly in terms of the presence (and variations) of a lobed stele, whereas the cylindrical stele stood out among the common characteristics in P. subg. Philodendron, P. subg. Pteromischum and the related species A. crinipes. Moreover, the characteristics shared by P. subg. Philodendron and P. subg. Pteromischum corroborated the phylogenetic hypothesis that these two taxa were more closely related to one another than to P. subg. Meconostigma.

History of Botanical Classification Species and Speciation Flora and Vegetation Algae and Angiosperms Evolution and Classification of Seed Plants Selected Orders and Families Descriptive Plates of Families Glossary Key to Identification of Tropical Families by Observation of Vegetative Characters Taxonomic Index

Tussilago farfara L. (“coltsfoot”, Asteraceae) is indigenous to Eurasia, including Turkey, but has been classified as a Class A noxious weed in North America. Plant pathogens are being sought as potential candidates for biological control of coltsfoot. A rust fungus, Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers) Lev. has been reported to cause disease on T. farfara from Europe, Russia, and Japan (2). During August of 2001 and 2002, rust pustules were observed on coltsfoot leaves in Kizilcahamam, Ankara, Turkey. Diseased plant specimens with rust pustules were collected, examined microscopically, and compared with published descriptions (1) and specimens in the U.S. National Fungus Collections in Beltsville, MD. The causal agent was subsequently identified as the fungus Coleosporium tussilaginis (Pers.) Lév. on the basis of symptomatology and morphology of uredinial and telial stages such as: clustered, golden-orange, sub-epidermal, erumpent, uredinia approximately 1.0 × 2.0 mm in diameter on the abaxial surface, and corresponding achlorotic areas on the adaxial leaf surfaces; thick-walled (3.0 to 4.0 μm), pale orange, coarsely verrucose, variously shaped (mostly broadly ellipsoid or angular) urediniospores measuring 23.5 to 33.0 × 20.0 to 25.7 μm (average = 27.3 × 23.3 μm), with obscure and scattered germ pores; and orange-red telia on the abaxial leaf surfaces covered by a gelatinous apical layer enclosing orange-red, cylindrical to clavate teliospores measuring 50.0 to 80.0 × 18.0 to 28.0 μm. A voucher specimen of this material has been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 863516). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tussilaginis rust on coltsfoot in Turkey. References: (1) G. Deml et al. Phytopathol. Z 104:39, 1982. (2) D. F. Farr et al. Fungal Databases. USDA-ARS Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Online publication. ARS, USDA, 2005.

The "Tracheophyte Phylogeny Poster – Vascular Plants: Systematics and Characteristics" is an educational poster presenting an overview of the evolutionary relationships among vascular plants based on broad consensus as of late 2018. The phylogenetic tree depicts the 3 orders of lycophytes, 11 orders of monilophytes (ferns), and 5 orders (with 12 families) of gymnosperms, listing the main apomorphies and plesiomorphies as well as diagnostic and nondiagnostic anatomical, morphological, and phytochemical features also for higher ranks within the tree. The intuitive color-coding facilitates memorization and teaching. Translations of the poster by internationally renown botanists are now available in 12 languages (all available on ResearchGate). This is part of a series of educational posters on the phylogeny of land plants: Poster 1: Angiosperms Poster 2: Tracheophytes: Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms Poster 3: Bryophytes: Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts

The genus Dracophyllum Labill. is revised, with a total of 61 species being recognised in four subgenera and two species (Dracophyllum minimum F.Muell. and D. strictum Hook.f.) are listed as incertae sedis. The genus Richea R.Br. is reduced to synonymy under Dracophyllum where it is divided into two new subgenera, namely, Dracophyllum subgenus Cystanthe (R.Br.) S.Venter and D. subgenus Richea (R.Br.) S.Venter. Replacement names published here are Dracophyllum laciniatum S.Venter, D. persistentifolium S.Venter and D. tasmanicum S.Venter, and new combinations published here are Dracophyllum alpinum (Menadue) S.Venter, D. continentis (B.L.Burtt) S.Venter, D. desgrazii (Hombr. ex Decne.) S.Venter, D. gunnii (Hook.f.) S.Venter, D. pandanifolia (Hook.f.) S.Venter, D. procerum (F.Muell.) S.Venter, D. sprengelioides (R.Br.) S.Venter and D. victorianum (Menadue) S.Venter. Nomenclature, descriptions, illustrations, photographs and distribution maps are provided for each species and lectotypes are designated where necessary. A key to the subgenera and keys to species within these are provided.

The creation of the NYBG Institute of Economic Botany (IEB) was intended to help revitalize the field of economic botany and ethnobotany, through the work of a multidisciplinary staff who would study important issues of great human concern. Early staff appointments included anthropologists and ecologists, who utilized perspectives from the social and natural sciences that, when combined with NYBG staff trained in systematic botany, economic botany and ethnobotany, have been effective in changing research approaches to the study of the relationships between plants, people and culture. IEB staff activities include research projects, teaching in graduate and undergraduate programs, mentoring students, publishing the results of scientific research and outreach to the public as well as communities in areas where its programs operate. Thirty-five years after the creation of the IEB, the fields of economic botany and ethnobotany have greater preeminence as scientific disciplines and classes in these topics have grown from only a handful at universities in the 1980s to over 70 today. Several dozen graduates of the IEB’s Ph.D. programs now teach or carry out research at many major institutions around the world, as well as in the private sector; it is this next generation who will continue and expand studies of this field.

Thirty-five species of the liverwort genus Bazzania are recognised from Australia, including eleven endemics. The greatest diversity is in the Australian Wet Tropics bioregion in northern Queensland, where 28 species are known to exist. Keys to northern and southern Australian species are provided, and each species is described and illustrated. Bazzania uncigera (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis. is newly reported for Australia.

Psychotria corrugata S.Venter is newly described from the Hindenburg Wall area in the Star Mountains of Papua New Guinea. It can easily be distinguished from other Psychotria species by the curved, narrow, coriaceous and corrugated leaves, contracted panicle and papillate corolla lobes.

Parsimony analysis of plastid rpl 16 sequences from 62 members of Tribe Cacteae. and four outgroup taxa yielded 1296 equally parsimonious trees of length 666. Strict consensus evaluation of these trees established a highly pectinate topology, which delimited dades within the tribe that correspond to several previously considered generic groups. Aztekium and Ceohintonia, which manifest ribs in their stem morphology were shown to represent an early divergence in the tribe, forming a sister group to remaining members of the tribe. Clades containing other genera having ribbed stems also are basal to those that develop tubercles. The most derived dade forms a distinct group of typically small stemmed species with tubercular stem morphology. Within Mammillaria, species formerly placed in the genus Cochemiea and members of the Series Ancistracanthae formed a well-supported, sister dade to the remaining members of Mammillaria. Length varia­ tion of the intron in two members of Mammillaria series Stylothelae was also observed. Communicating Editor Thomas G. Lammers INTRODUCTION Buxbaum (1958b) first described the tribe Cacteae (as the Echinocacteae) as a clearcut phylogenetic unit' in which he included all of the short-columnar or globose cacti with spineless flowers native to North America, with the notable exception of the genus Astrophytum Lemaire, which he considered part of the Notocacteae. The tribe is in considerable taxonomic flux, and poor generic delineation means that the exact number of genera is uncertain. Twenty-three genera are recognized in the CITES Cactaceae checklist (Hunt 1999), although at least 34 other genera have been described. Hunt (1999) accepts 314 species (plus 224 pro­ visionally accepted species) in the tribe, whereas Anderson (2001) recognizes 26 genera and 1 Reprinted with permission of Systematic Botany. 2Graduate Student, Primary Researcher and Author. J Department of Botany, Iowa State University. 4 Ex-graduate Student of Robert S. Wallace. Current Address Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan. ' Major Professor.

Biogeographical transition zones are areas of a complex biotic mixture located at the borders between biogeographical units. Climatic, physical and ecological factors should play an important role in allowing coexistence of different biotic elements in the transition zone. Here, we explore the relationship between environmental factors and biogeographical transition zones, defined by Neotropical mammal distributions, by a model selection approach based on the Akaike information criterion and accounting for the spatial structure in the data. We detected three areas of high overlap between mammalian areas of endemism. Two of them corresponded to the well-established regional-level transition zones, namely Mexican (MTZ) and South American (SATZ) transition zones; the third was one located in south-eastern Brazil, approximately between the Paraná and Chacoan dominion that we call The Atlantic Forest integration zone (AF). Only one explicative variable was shared by the three transitions zones (precipitation of the warmest quarter). However, shared variables with great explanatory power indicated two environmental aspects as facilitators for the coexistence of different biotic components in a given geographical area. The first one was the heterogeneity component, either topographic for the SATZ and MTZ or climatic for the AF. The second one was related non-extreme thermal conditions: precipitation of the warmest quarter, interpreted as a thermal buffer, shared by AF and SATZ, and isothermality shared by MTZ and SATZ. Fil: Noguera Urbano, Elkin Alexi. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Ferro, Luis Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina

The new species, Tecomanthe burungu Zich & A.J.Ford (Bignoniaceae) from the Wet Tropics bioregion of north-eastern Queensland is described, illustrated and differentiated from similar and closely related taxa.