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This study investigated the effects of a low-frequency home-based incontinence therapy device on quality of life (QoL) and urinary symptoms in women with urinary incontinence. From May 2017 to February 2018, 34 patients, aged ≥ 20 years, with involuntary urine leakage >2 times/week, were recruited to this study. Patients with severe pelvic organ prolapse, pregnancy, virgin status, and psychological problems were excluded. The incontinence home-care device treatments were administered in 12-minute sessions, twice daily for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, hyperthermic conditions of 35°C to 40°C and microvibrations were administered. All patients completed urinary incontinence questionnaires (King's Health Questionnaire [KHQ], Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [BFLUTS] questionnaire, and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score [OABSS]) before treatment, as well as 4 and 8 weeks into treatment. Changes in the questionnaire responses over time were compared. Two participants dropped out of the study and there was one screening failure, leaving 31 patients for analysis. After 4 weeks treatment, there were significant improvements in symptoms, such as role limitation, physical limitation, social limitation, personal relationship, emotion, sleep/energy, and severity measures. After 8 weeks treatment, almost all parameters on the KHQ revealed symptomatic improvement. On the BFLUTS, voiding times during activity, nocturia, urgency, urge incontinence, incontinence frequency, stress incontinence, volume leakage, strain to start, intermittency, reduced stream, acute retention, incomplete emptying, and stopping flow showed significant improvements. On the OABSS, almost all storage symptoms improved. Low-frequency electrical stimulation devices were effective at improving urinary incontinence, which became evident as the duration of treatment increased. Improvement of urgency and frequency was more evident after treatment.

The aim of the current trial was to assess the efficacy of on demand clomipramine 15 mg administered before sexual intercourse for the treatment of premature ejaculation.A total of 159 patients at 5 centers in Korea were randomly assigned to 2 groups. The first group of 53 men received placebo and the second group of 106 received clomipramine 15 mg for 12 weeks. All patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study and every 4 weeks thereafter. Patients were instructed to ingest a tablet approximately 2 to 6 hours before sexual intercourse. Efficacy was assessed by scores on the IELT (Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time) and the PEDT (Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool).Analyses of the IELT fold change in each group in the intent to treat population revealed that the IELT of the clomipramine 15 mg group was significantly increased 12 weeks after administration compared with the placebo group (mean ± SD 4.40 ± 5.29 vs 2.68 ± 2.03, p0.05). The IELT fold change in the per protocol population also significantly differed between the clomipramine 15 mg group and the placebo group (mean 4.66 ± 5.64 vs 2.80 ± 2.19, p0.05). There was a significant difference in the PEDT scores between the 2 groups (p0.001). The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea in 15.7% of men and dizziness in 4.9%. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.The results of this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, fixed dose clinical phase III study suggest that administering clomipramine 15 mg on demand to treat premature ejaculation is effective and safe.

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, benign tumor. Surgical resection is advocated in symptomatic cases, large (size >4 cm) cases, cases where there is an increase in size on follow-up, and cases with an atypical appearance on imaging. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is currently the gold standard operation for managing benign adrenal mass. However, to date, laparoscopic entire resection of ipsilateral adrenal gland with the tumor has mainly been reported in the literature. Under clinical circumstances, adrenal-sparing surgery is underused as first-line therapy for adrenal tumors. We present a case of adrenal myelolipoma involving the right adrenal gland of a 45-year-old woman who presented with right-sided flank pain. On radiologic and endocrine evaluation, she received a diagnosis of a giant adrenal myelolipoma (>8 cm). Right hand-assisted laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy was performed, and postoperative recovery was uneventful. Finally, histologic examination confirmed adrenal myelolipoma. On follow-up computed tomography, there was no residual tumor and the remaining right adrenal gland. Our report suggests that hand-assisted laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy could be considered for appropriate removal of adrenal myelolipoma, even in giant adrenal myelolipoma.

To investigate the usefulness of the oxidized regenerated cellulose patch (ORCP) for postbiopsy hemostasis, anxiety, and depression in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. This was a prospective-retrospective study of 300 patients who underwent systematic 12-core prostate biopsy from August 2016 through March 2018. The ORCP was inserted into the rectum immediately after prostate biopsy in the prospective group (n = 150), while the retrospective group (n = 150) underwent prostate biopsy alone. The frequency rate and duration of hematuria, rectal bleeding, and hematospermia were compared between the 2 groups. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the hospital anxiety and depression scale before and after prostate biopsy in the prospective group. The frequency rates of hematuria and hematospermia showed no significant differences between the prospective versus retrospective groups (64.7% vs 66.7%, P = .881; 18 vs 20%, P = .718; respectively). Frequency of rectal bleeding was significantly lower in the prospective group than in the retrospective group (26.7% vs 42.7%, P = .018). However, there were no significant differences in median duration of rectal bleeding, hematuria, or hematospermia between the 2 groups (2, 5, and 2 days vs 2, 7, and 1 day, P > .05, respectively, for the prospective vs retrospective group). Multivariate analysis found that ORCP insertion was a significant protective factor against postbiopsy rectal bleeding (P = .038, odds ratio 0.52). Only anxiety level in the prospective group before versus after prostate biopsy was significantly reduced (5 vs 4, P = .011). ORCP insertion after prostate biopsy is an effective and simple method for decreasing rectal bleeding. ORCP insertion may also alleviate anxiety in patients undergoing prostate biopsy.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:To investigate the hemostatic usefulness of oxidized regenerated cellulose patch (ORCP) used immediately after transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy and a...

To investigate the usefulness of the ellipsoid formula for assessing compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney on pre-operative and post-operative CT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients.We retrospectively identified 389 patients who had radical nephrectomy for RCC between 2011 and 2015. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed within 3 months pre-operative and at 1 year post-operative. The kidney volumes were calculated from CT using the ellipsoid formula. We subdivided patients into three groups based on tumour size (I: ≤4 cm, II: 4-7 cm, III: 7 cm). Volumetric renal parameters were compared and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors associated with pre-operative and post-operative compensatory hypertrophy.Kidney volume calculation using the ellipsoid method took a median of 51 s. Group III had a significantly larger median pre-operative contralateral renal volume than Groups I and II (I: 140.4, II: 141.6, III: 166.7 ml, p0.05). However, the median ratio of post-operative contralateral renal volume change was significantly higher in Groups I and II than Group III (I: 0.36, II: 0.23, III: 0.12, p0.001). On multivariate analysis, tumour size revealed the strongest positive association with pre-operative contralateral kidney volume (partial regression coefficient: β = 30.8, 7 cm) and ratio of post-operative contralateral kidney volume change (β = 0.214, I vs III; β = 0.168, II vs III).Kidney volume calculation for assessing pre- and post-operative compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney in RCC patients can be easily and rapidly performed from CT images using the ellipsoid formula. Advances in knowledge: The ellipsoid formula allows reliable method for assessing pre-operative and post-operative compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney in RCC.

To evaluate whether ultrasound-guided compression performed immediately after transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy decreases bleeding complications. We prospectively evaluated a total of 148 consecutive patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between March 2015 and July 2016. Systematic 12-core prostate biopsy was performed in all patients. Of these, 100 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the compression group (n = 50) underwent TRUS-guided compression on bleeding biopsy tracts immediately after prostate biopsy, while the non-compression group (n = 50) underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy alone. The incidence rate and duration of hematuria, hematospermia, and rectal bleeding were compared between the two groups. The incidence rates of hematuria and hematospermia were not significantly different between the two groups (60 vs. 64%, p = 0.68; 22 vs. 30%, p = 0.362, respectively, for compression vs. non-compression group). The rectal bleeding incidence was significantly lower in the compression group as compared to the non-compression group (20 vs. 44%, p = 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the median duration of hematuria, hematospermia, or rectal bleeding between the two groups (2, 8, and 2 days vs. 2, 10, and 1 days, p > 0.05, respectively, for compression vs. non-compression group). TRUS-guided compression [p = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) 0.25] and patient age (p = 0.013, OR 0.93) were significantly protective against the occurrence of rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy in multivariable analysis. Although it has no impact on other complications, ultrasound-guided compression on bleeding biopsy tracts performed immediately after TRUS-guided prostate biopsy is an effective and practical method to treat or decrease rectal bleeding.

An isolator transmits light in the forward direction and blocks light from passing in the reverse direction. It is regarded an essential optical component in medical, industrial, and research lasers for blocking reflection beams that cause optical damage and noise. It is also used as a communicative light intensifier to expand the lifespan of devices and enhance transmission quality. This study analyzed the characteristics of the core components in the construction of a polarization-independent isolator, namely, the walk-off polarizer and the Faraday rotator. Measurement of the extinction ratio of the resultant walk-off polarizer revealed that the ratio between the vertical and horizontal rays was 1,050:1 with a laser output of 0.032 W and 1,010:1 with a laser output of 2.68 W, thus presenting ratios similar to 1,000:1. In addition, the walk-off polarizer and Faraday rotator constructed in this study were used to compare output changes according to changes in power of input light and to check the penetration ratio. Results from the study presented variations in output value according to changes in power of input light. However, the average penetration ratio remained relatively consistent (~81.4%).

For cell-based therapy, it is necessary to obtain sufficient cell quantities for cell transplantation to the diseased or injured site. However, a given tissue has only a limited number of stem cells, making it necessary to expand stem cell source through long-term culture. In this study, we evaluated whether our recently described skeletal muscle-derived neural precursor (SMNP) cells can be cultured long-term without alteration of their neural precursor characteristics. Our results showed that SMNP cells can be cultured over approximately 16 months, but their growth rate and neurogenic potential gradually decrease in a culture time-dependent manner. Importantly, approximately 120-day cultured SMNP cells retain their self-renewal ability, neural precursor characteristics, and high neurogenic potential. These results suggest that SMNP cells may be an appropriate cell source for regenerative or reparative therapies against neuronal disease.

The objective of this study was to identify the main risk factors for gastric cancer in Koreans through the development of a predictive model by multivariate logistic regression analysis that could aid the development of specific guidelines for early detection. We conducted a case control study to identify the risk factors for gastric cancer. The cohorts comprised 183 patients with gastric cancer and 199 adults without gastric cancer as controls. Risk factors were identified, and a predictive model was established by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Major risk factors included in the final predictive model were being older, having a family history of gastric cancer, a family history of gastric ulcer, a personal history of gastric ulcer, a poor perceived health status, a low perceived financial status, being exposed to jobs considered to cause stomach cancer, drinking tap water, and eating irregularly and rapidly. The accuracy of the final predictive model was confirmed by its high degrees of sensitivity and specificity. The predictive model developed in this study can be used for classifying high-risk groups and for guiding early-detection screening for gastric cancer.

Traditionally, long-term antibiotic therapy has been the gold standard treatment for chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). However, the treatment outcome is not ideal and long-term administration of antibiotics can result in adverse effects and bacterial resistance. For these reasons, both patients and physicians are dissatisfied with the management of this disease and there is interest in phytotherapy and other alternative therapies. Lycopene, an extract of tomatoes, has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect via an antioxidative function. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of lycopene on CBP, we developed a CBP rat model treated with ciprofloxacin or lycopene, or both. After 2 weeks of treatment, results of microbiological cultures of the prostate and urine as well as histological findings of the prostate were analysed. The ciprofloxacin group and the lycopene/ciprofloxacin group showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group. The lycopene/ciprofloxacin group also showed a statistically significant decrease in bacterial growth and improvement in prostatic inflammation compared with the ciprofloxacin group. These results suggest that lycopene may have an additional (synergistic) effect with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of CBP.

Chronic tubulointerstitial injury (CTI), commonly a sequel to chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN), is associated with the proliferation of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is an essential process in chronic inflammation, and is controlled by a number of angiogenic factors including thymidine phosphorylase (TP). Knowledge of TP in renal disease is still rudimentary, and its role in CGN has not been explored. We analyzed the expression of TP by RTPCR, immunohistology and in situ hybridization in 20 human kidneys with CGN. To evaluate the degree of angiogenesis, we counted the microvessel density (MVD). MVD was significantly higher in all categories of CGN, between 19.7 ± 7.7 and 58.9 ± 7.5, compared to control value, 12.7 ± 5.0 (p< 0.05). MVD was increased in areas of abundant mononuclear cell infiltration with minimal interstitial fibrosis, and decreased or absent in areas of marked fibrosis. There was a significant correlation between MVD and interstitial fibrosis (p < 0.0001). TP mRNA was upregulated for all categories of CGN. TP was strongly expressed by mononuclear inflammatory cells and in most atrophic tubules. Each MVD and interstitial volume was significantly correlated with both the number of TP+ mononuclear cells and TP+ tubular cells, respectively (p < 0.0001). We have demonstrated an upregulation of TP and increase in MVD in areas of CTI in a variety of CGN. The up-regulation of TP may contribute to angiogenesis, which may play a critical role in the progression of interstitial fibrosis in CGN.

Background: Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is the most common urological disease in adult men. Antibiotic therapy is the gold standard of treatment. However, long-term therapy resulted in many side-effects and bacterial resistance. Because of these reasons, we need new treatment modality that could replace traditional antibiotic therapy. Catechin, an extract of green tea, has antimicrobial effect against various bacteria and synergy effect to antibiotics. We evaluate the synergistic effects of catechin on the treatment of CBP in an animal model. Methods: An experimental CBP model was induced in 70 male Wistar rats by instillation of 0.2 mL bacterial suspension (E-coli Z17, O2:K1:H-) containing 1 × 108 CFU/mL into the prostatic urethra. Microbiologically and histologically proven CBP model was demonstrated in 58.6% (41 of 70) of the rats after 4 weeks of bacterial instillation. The 41 rats demonstrating CBP were randomly divided into four groups; the control, catechin, ciprofloxacin and catechin with ciprofloxacin groups. All drug treatments were conducted over a period of 2 weeks. After treatment, the results were analyzed with microbiological cultures and histological findings of the prostate and urine samples to compare each group. Results: Microbiological cultures and histological findings of the prostate and urine samples demonstrated reduced bacterial growth and improved inflammatory responses in all three experimental groups compared with the control group. The catechin group showed coherent trends of decrease in bacterial growth and improvements in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group, but not to a statistically significant degree (P > 0.05). However, the ciprofloxacin and catechin with ciprofloxacin groups showed statistically significant decreases in bacterial growth and improvements in prostatic inflammation compared with the control group (P

Various postoperative complications have been reported after the use of tension-free vaginal tapes (TVT). The transobturator approach was introduced to minimize the potential complications. The next generation of recently introduced TVT-SECUR is intended to minimize the incidence of complications. Herein we report a case of internal pudendal artery injury sustained during this procedure that was successfully treated by radiological embolization. Angiography with vessel embolization, when available, should be considered when the arterial injury is suspected.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a serious cause of renal failure. In many renal-disease models, surgical renal mass reduction accelerates disease progression. We explored whether surgical renal mass reduction and the method of renal mass reduction accelerate the course of ADPKD. Studies were conducted in male heterozygous cystic Han:SPRD rats and unaffected littermate controls. Control and cystic rats were subjected to 50% renal mass reduction by uninephrectomy, 50% renal mass reduction by infarction of half of each kidney, or sham operation. Most groups were followed up to the age of 20 weeks, with serial measurements of blood pressure and proteinuria. At 20 weeks, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) rate were measured. Similar studies to 12 weeks of age were performed in additional groups of control and cystic rats with either sham operation or 50% renal infarction. In noncystic rats, uninephrectomy led to minimal effects on blood pressure and proteinuria and to substantial compensatory renal hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, and hyperperfusion. Similar renal mass reduction by segmental infarction led to greater values for blood pressure and proteinuria and significant compensatory hyperfiltration. In contrast, the cystic rats showed a significant reduction in baseline renal blood flow, more profound increases in blood pressure and proteinuria, and no compensatory increases in GFR and RPF after reduction of renal mass. These studies suggest that the ability of cystic kidneys to respond to acquired loss of nephrons is impaired and that these kidneys are at greater risk when additional renal injury is superimposed.

Cirsium japonicum is a wild perennial herb that has been used as an anti-hemorrhagic, anti-hypertensive and uretic agent in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, it was reported that C. japonicum inhibits the growth of implanted cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of C. japonicum are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of a methanol extract of C. japonicum on cell growth in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. C. japonicum extract inhibited the cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, as evaluated by the MTT assay. Furthermore, C. japonicum extract induced an anti-proliferative effect by causing G1 phase cell cycle arrest and also induced apoptosis by affecting mitochondrial apoptotic events, as determined by nuclear derangement, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Taken together, our findings indicate that C. japonicum extract induces the inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth at both the proliferation and apoptosis levels.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effects of cranberry fruit, which have known antioxidant effects, on infection-induced oxidative renal damage in a rabbit model of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 36 New Zealand male rabbits were divided into five groups, with a sham operation in four rabbits serving as the control (group 1). To create unilateral VUR the roof of the left intravesical ureter was incised, and VUR confirmed 2 weeks after surgery. In all, 32 rabbits with VUR were divided into four groups; 2, VUR alone (with sterile urine); 3, a group infected with Escherichia coli; 4, with intravesical E. coli instillation but fed cranberries; and 5, intravesical E. coli instillation plus an intraperitoneal injection with melatonin group. At 3 weeks after surgery the rabbits were killed, the kidneys obtained and examined histopathologically to evaluate inflammation, fibrosis and tubular changes. Oxidative renal damage was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde in the renal tissue. RESULTS Grossly, the refluxing kidney was larger than the contralateral normal kidney, and the refluxing ureter was dilated and tortuous. Microscopy of tissues from the kidneys in group 3 showed apparent periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular dilatation and atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The kidneys from groups 2, 4 and 5 showed mild mononuclear cell infiltration with no interstitial fibrosis. The level of malondialdehyde in the kidneys of group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 2, 4 and 5 (P

The epididymal anomalies and patent processus vaginalis are frequently seen in patients with cryptorchidism or hydrocele. We performed a prospective study on the relationship between the epididymal anomalies and the patency of the processus vaginalis in boys with hydrocele (190 cases) or cryptorchidism (89 cases) who were treated from August 1997 to February 2000 (mean age, 51 months; range, 12 to 152 months). The epididymal anomalies were observed with an overall frequency of 48%. Closed, partially closed, and open processus vaginalis were associated with an epididymal anomaly in 14, 38, and 65% of cases, respectively. The epididymal anomalies were more common in association with undescended (61%) than with descended (43%) testes without statistical significance (p=0.415). Incomplete attachment of the caput epididymis was the most common anomaly (35%), followed by detachment of caput and cauda epididymis (31%), cauda epididymis (24%), and long looping epididymis (10%). These data showed that the epididymal anomalies were strongly associated with the patency of the processus vaginalis irrespective of testicular descent (p

Background Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) play an important role in mediating signal transduction generated by neurotransmitters or hormones. Go, a member of the Gi/Go subfamily, is the most abundant G-protein found in the brain. Recently, the alpha subunit of Go (Gαo) was characterized as an inducer of neuronal differentiation. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms have remained unclear to date, since the downstream effectors of Gαo are ambiguous. Results A neurally differentiated embryonal carcinoma-derived protein (Necdin) was isolated as an interacting partner for Gαo from a mouse brain cDNA library using yeast two-hybrid screening. Interactions between the proteins were confirmed with several affinity binding assays, both in vitro and in vivo. Necdin interacted directly and preferentially with activated Gαo, compared to wild-type protein. Interestingly, Gαo did not interact with Gαi, despite high sequence homology between the two proteins. We subsequently analyzed whether Gαo modulates the cellular activities of Necdin. Notably, expression of Gαo significantly augmented Necdin-mediated cellular responses, such as proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), a Gi/oα-coupled receptor, augmented cell growth suppression, which was mediated by Gαo and Necdin in U87MG cells containing CB1R, Gαo, and Necdin as normal components. Conclusions These results collectively suggest that Necdin is a candidate downstream effector for Gαo. Our findings provide novel insights into the cellular roles of Gαo and its coupled receptor.

Purpose We evaluated the protective effects of cranberry, which is known as a fruit with anti-oxidative function, on infection-induced oxidative renal damage in rabbits with experimental VUR. Material and methods A total of 36 New Zealand male rabbits were divided into 5 groups. VUR was created by incising the roof of the left intravesical ureter and confirmed 2 weeks after operation. Infection was induced by intravesical instillation of 2 ml of E. coli suspension (105 E. coli in 1 ml). Cranberry powder (1 g/kg/day) was supplied with feed during the experimental period. Melatonin was injected into the peritoneal cavity immediately after operation and every week. 3 weeks after operation the rabbits were sacrificed and the kidneys obtained. Oxidative renal damage was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde in the renal tissue. Group procedure control (n=4) Shamp operation sterile (n=8) VUR + sterile urine E.coli (n=8) VUR + infected urine cranberry (n=8) VUR + infected urine + cranberry melatonin (n=8) VUR + infected urine + melatonin Results The kidneys from E. coli group showed apparent periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular dilatation and atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The kidneys from the reflux, cranberry and melatonin group showed mild mononuclear cell infiltration without interstitial fibrosis. The level of malondialdehyde in the E. coli group was significantly higher than that in the control, cranberry and melatonin group (p group Mean MDA ± SD (μM/gm) control 3.01±1.41 sterile 3.97±1.52 E. coli 5.12±1.54∗ cranberry 3.47±1.34 melatonin 2.69±0.97 Conclusions This study demonstrates that cranberry has an anti-inflammatory effect by anti-oxidative function and may prevent infection-induced oxidative renal damage. Thus clinically cranberry may be used for a beneficial adjuvant treatment to prevent renal damage due to pyelonephritis in children with VUR.

Seminal vesicle cyst (SVC) with ipsilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. When the patient is symptomatic, surgical treatment may be necessary. The open surgical approach, traditionally considered the definite form of treatment, has been associated with a high rate of morbidity. The laparoscopic approach for the management of SVCs has recently been described. A 18-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of dysuria and perineal pain. The diagnostic evaluation revealed a 45×35×48 mm sized left seminal vesicle cyst. In addition, he had a solitary, right, functioning kidney, with left renal agenesis. Transperitoneal laparoscopic excision of the cyst was performed successfully. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the fourth postoperative day and did not present with any complaints or complications.

A 60-year-old man had asymptomatic erythematous nodule on the right inguinal area, which had progressively grown for 2 years. Excision was performed at the Department of Urology of our hospital. Two months later, there was local recurrence on the excision site, and it extended locally to make several tender erythematous nodules on the right inguinal area and firm plaque on the scrotum (Fig. 1). Histopathologic examination of the excision specimen revealed large cell masses with tubular or cribriform pattern and many small, solid epithelial islands unattached to the overlying epidermis. The tumor was confined to the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Round spaces formed by malignant epithelial cells and containing amorphophilic basement membrane-like material occured inside the tumor masses. The tumor cells were basaloid cells with scanty cytoplasm and deeply stained round-to-oval nucleus (Fig. 2). There was clear perineural involvement by the tumor cells. A substance in the pseudoglandular spaces, cystic spaces and the stroma was stained strongly with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (pH 2.5). A PAS-positive substance was digested by diastase pretreatment. These findings suggested the substance to be a neutral mucopolysaccharide. Immunoperoxidase staining for S-100 protein and cytokeratin were strongly positive with the tumor cells but not with carcinoembryonic antigen. A histopathologic diagnosis of ACC was made. Salivary glands, bronchi, esophagus, and other organs were examined, but there was no evidence of neoplasm in other organs. A diagnosis of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma was made but the patient refused all the treatment, including surgery. Figure 1. Several erythematous nodules on the right inguinal area and indurated plaque on the adjacent scrotum Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 2. The characteristic tubular and cribriform pattern of basaloid cells with round spaces containing mucinous material in the dermis (H&E, × 400) Download figure to PowerPoint

Puropose: To analyze lower urinary tract symptoms associated with prostate findings in occupational taxi drivers compared to office workers in Uijeongbu, Korea. Material and methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among drivers and office workers in Uijeongbu, Korea. All participants filled out the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire and the age, career, height and body weight were also recorded. They had uroflowmetry (UFM), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and prostatic cancer screening testing (PSA). We evaluated the parameters and compared them between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in age, career and BMI between the two groups (p

The differential diagnosis for women presenting with chronic genitou-rinary symptoms is extensive. Urethral diverticulum has long been thought to be responsible for these symptoms in some women. Although the etiology of urethral diverticulum in women is unclear, a number of different theories have been advanced for the formation of diverticula including either a congenital or acquired etiology. A few cases of acquired urethral diverticulum have been reported that resulted from endome-triosis; however, there have been no such cases reported in Korea. We recently treated a 58-year-old woman who presented with complaints of a protruding mass through the vaginal wall. A diagnosis of urethral diverticulum secondary to endometriosis was finally made. The patient underwent surgical repair. Here we report this case and review the medical literature.

Cavernous Hemangioma in the Renal Pelvis Moon Soo Chung, Moo Yeul Chung, Ok Ran Shin, Chang Hee Han, Sung Hak Kang, Yong Seok Lee From the Departments of Urology and Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Hemangioma in the urinary tract is a very rare benign tumor that usually causes painless or painful gross hematuria. Its preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult or even impossible. A female 47-year old patient presented with painless gross hematuria that she'd experience for 4 days. The patient underwent abdominal ultrasound, intravenous pyelography (IVP), cystoscopy, urine cytology, retrograde pyelography (RGP), kidney dynamic computed tomography (CT) and surgical excision. She was finally diagnosed with cavernous hemangioma in the renal pelvis. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:457-460) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏

Purpose: We evaluated the protective effects of cranberry, which is known as a fruit with anti-oxidative effects, on infection-induced oxidative renal damage with using a rabbit vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) model. Materials and Methods: New Zealand male rabbits were divided into 5 groups (the control group, VUR group, E. coli group, cranberry group and melatonin group). VUR was created and confirmed at 2 weeks after the operation. Infection was induced by intravesical instillation of an E. coli suspension. Cranberry powder was supplied with the feed. Melatonin was injected into the peritoneal cavity. The rabbit kidneys were obtained 3 weeks after the operation. Histopathologic examination was performed to evaluate for inflammation, fibrosis and the tubular change. The oxidative renal damage was evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) in the renal tissue. Results: Grossly, the refluxing kidney was larger than the contralateral normal kidney and the refluxing ureter was dilated and tortuous. The microscopic observation of the kidneys from the E. coli group showed apparent periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular dilatation and atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The kidneys from the reflux group, cranberry group and melatonin group showed mild mononuclear cell infiltration without interstitial fibrosis. The MDA level in the kidneys of the E. coli group was significantly higher than that in the control, cranberry and melatonin groups (p

Purpose: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the common diseases in elderly men. Recently, the old-aged population has increased, with the interest in the clinical importance of BPH ever growing. Catechin, an extract of green tea, has the effect of the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Typically, BPH has been shown to be influenced by 5-alpha reductase. Therefore, the relationship between BPH and catechin was evaluated. Materials and Methods: An experimental prostatic hyperplasia was induced in male Wistar rats by the administration of testosterone propionate, 3mg/kg sc, for 4 weeks. The Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: the control, BPH-induced, oral finasteride ingestion and oral catechin ingestion groups. After 4 weeks, the prostates were removed, and analyzed for their prostatic weight and histological examination. Results: The prostate weights were measured in each group, and found to be 330.0±40.7, 970.0±1.1, 358.0±39.9 and 415.0±45.3mg in the control, BPH-induced, oral finasteride ingestion and oral catechin ingestion groups, respectively. The oral finasteride and catechin ingestion groups showed statistically significant decreases in their prostatic weights compared with the BPH-induced group (p 0.05). Histologically injected testosterone lead to prostatic hyperplasia in rats, but oral catechin ingestion decreased this change. Conclusions: These results suggest that catechin may be effective in BPH, and the consumption of green tea may be effective in preventing BPH. (Korean J Urol 2006;47:1289-1293) ꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏꠏ

One of the most fearful rare complication of ureteroscopic lithotripsy is sepsis. Since sepsis after endourological maneuvers usually occur immediately after procedure, it is important to pay attention to symptoms representing sepsis such as pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, and oliguria. In addition to clinical symptoms, laboratory tests including white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and urine and blood cultivating can help to diagnosis of sepsis. We present a case of shock after ureteroscopic lithotripsy, which was suspected with septic shock strongly.