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Early childhood skills, about problem-solving skills must be fostered because children are essentially individuals who have a sense of interest and curiosity in everything around them, through problem-solving skills will improve children's cognitive. This study aims to determine the conditions before and after the implementation of STEAM learning on early childhood problem-solving skills and to see whether there is an effect of the implementation of this learning. The research method uses a quantitative approach using a one group pre-test-post-test design for one group. There are 17 young children in one class, aged 5-6 years, who are the subjects of the study. The daily implementation learning plan based on STEAM is the tool used. as well as observation sheets, using descriptive statistical data analysis techniques to obtain the average value of children's problem-solving abilities. The results of the study obtained pre-test data from several samples that were not yet able to contribute to problem solving with an average value of 12.35 and post-test results of 26.82 and an N-Gain score of 0.74 which means that children's problem-solving abilities increase with a high category, the conclusion of this study is that the STEAM learning approach is effective in developing children's problem-solving abilities.

The electricity distribution substation is one of the components of the electricity distribution system. Electrical distribution substations, especially portal pole-type electrical distribution substations, can emit ELF fields. However, people need to be aware of the health risks of ELF fields and continue to carry out various activities near electricity distribution substations. This research aims to create a distribution pattern for ELF Field and determine its safety level based on WHO thresholds. The research was conducted in the Jember Regency, particularly in Sumbersari District. This research uses a portal pole-type electricity distribution substations. The substation criteria studied were a portal pole distribution substation on a 20 kV transmission line with a transformer capacity of 160 kVA. The measurement points are 0 m below the transformer, 0.7 m, 1.4 m, 2.1 m, 2.8 m, 3.5 m, 4.1 m, and 4.9 m from the distribution substation building at a height of 1.5 m from the ground for three days at 21.00 WIB and 30 measurements were taken. The distances of these points to the transformer are 4.256 m, 4.313 m, 4.480 m, 4.745 m, 5.094 m, 5.510 m, 5.979 m and 6.490 m respectively. The type of research used is quantitative research with survey data collection techniques. The research design used was cross sectional study. Cross sectional study is a type of observational research design that collects data at one specific point in time from a sample which represents the population studied. ELF field measurements show a spherical distribution pattern with an average magnetic field intensity between 0.0358 µT and 2.91 µT and an average electric field intensity between 2.35 V/m and 16.42 V/m. The magnitude of the magnetic field and electric field measured gets smaller as the distance from the measurement point increases. According to WHO, these results are below the threshold for the general group. This research concludes that the portal pole-type distribution substation in the medium voltage network produces a safe ELF field with a spherical distribution pattern that is inversely proportional to the distance.

Guru merupakan unsur penting sebagai pelaku dalam proses pendidikan untuk membentuk generasi muda berilmu dan berkarakter berdasarkan Pancasila. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan guru profesional yang salah satunya memiliki kompetensi merancang dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Implementasi kompetensi ini secara utuh dapat diwujudkan dalam bentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Namun, masih banyak guru yang belum terampil dalam proses penyusunan laporan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas. Kegiatan ini merupakan evaluasi hasil pelatihan penyusunan laporan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas kepada Guru SMA pada bulan Mei 2023. Kegiatan ini di ikuti oleh 25 orang Guru SMAN 1 Giri Jawa Timur. Tahapan pelatihan yang telah di lakukan meliputi: 1) persiapan, yaitu mendata peserta dengan syarat telah melaksanakan kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas, 2) melaksanakan pelatihan secara daring setiap hari sabtu selama 4 kali pertemuan (@ 4 jam), 3) pendampingan praktek menyusun laporan PTK secara daring setiap hari minggu selama 4 kali (@ 4 jam), 4) evaluasi di lakukan melalui presentasi-diskusi hasil produk laporan PTK selama 4 kali (@ 2 jam). Sebagai indikator keterampilan menyusun laporan PTK didasarkan pada struktur yang meliputi: pendahuluan, kajian pustaka, metode penelitian, hasil dan pembahasan, kesimpulan dan saran, daftar pustaka, lampiran, dan kesesuaian format laporan. Hasil evaluasi membuktikan bahwa secara umum peserta mampu menyusun laporan PTK, namun tampak bahwa kelemahan tertinggi terdapat pada kemampuan dalan menyusun kalimat ilmiah khususnya pada latar belakang dan pembahasan.

Research objectives: planning, implementation and evaluation. This research uses qualitative research with case studies. Data collection methods were carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were 12 children from group A2 and 1 teacher. The findings stated that in planning the teacher prepared facilities and infrastructure using habituation learning methods, lectures, storytelling, singing and watching videos. The media used are storybooks, picture cards, and puzzles. The classical classroom arrangement is said to be sufficient because of the media, delivery of familiarization, knowledge and classroom arrangement. Implementation of morals and religion, educators get used to praying together, eating etiquette and affection. The name of Allah, ablution movements, through singing, and movements for the formation of children's morals and religion are said to be good. 11 children are developing because every day the teacher gives the child a view that there is good development in knowledge and behavior. At school, teachers every week hold tausiah and study the Koran. During the evaluation, educators review the activities carried out and make small notes on each development.

Gas yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri anaerobik dalam pencernaan saat mereka menguraikan bahan organik dikenal sebagai biogas. Bahan organik dalam jumlah besar yang ditemukan dalam tinja dapat diubah menjadi biogas melalui proses penguraian. Biogas yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti batu bara, minyak tanah, LPG, dan bahan bakar fosil lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi biogas yang dihasilkan dari limbah tinja sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam materi ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode studi Pustaka. Hasil Penelitian berupa kemampuan menganalisis potensi biogas yang dapat dihasilkan dari limbah tinja sebagai bahan bakar alternatif . Kami membahas proses penguraian limbah tinja menjadi biogas dan manfaat penggunaan biogas sebagai bahan alternatif dan juga inovasi baru. Hal ini terlihat dari sumber informasi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini

Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM) learning is considered as learning that can improve children's creative thinking. STEAM can be defined as a learning program design aimed at developing the ability to think critically, analytically, creatively and as a whole in studying a learning topic by children. This study aims to develop children's creativity by applying STEAM learning. This study uses Quantitative Research Experiment Design One Group Pre-test Post-test in which the pre-test is carried out at the beginning then continued with treatment 3 times and then ends with the final step, namely the post-test which has its own activities. The application of STEAM Learning is proven to be able to develop children's creativity with the results of SPSS significant value (2-tailed) 0.000 t picture, then Ho "rejected" and Ha "accepted". The hypothesis in this study means that there is a significant difference between the creativity of children aged 5-6 years before / after STEAM learning is applied to class B children totaling 21 children at UMP Model Lab Kindergarten, South Pontianak.

ABSTRAK Radiasi medan magnet di lingkungan rumah tangga pada beberapa peralatan elektronik dengan jarak tertentu dapat menimbulkan resiko gangguan kesehatan. Penggunaan elektronik bagi rumah tangga di masa serba digital menjadi perangkat yang sangat efisien untuk membantu manusia dalam melaksanakan berbagai aktifitas secara bersama-sama. Namun demikian elektronik yang dimanfaatkan tidak begitu saja berdampak baik bagi manusia, melainkan juga dapat berbahaya apabila digunakan secara terus-menerus. Hal ini dikenal dengan istilah radiasi atau partikel atau pancaran yang dihasilkan oleh medan magnet dan medan listrik yang didapatkan pada saat elektronik tersebut dalam keadaan stand by atau beroperasi. Adapun penelitian ini dilakukan pada 4 peralatan elektronik diantaranya: TV, Kulkas, Rice Cooker dan Vacuum Cleaner. WHO menyatakan bahwa nilai ambang batas untuk manusia mendapatkan radiasi di lingkungan rumah tangga sebesar 100μT. Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil bahwa vacuum cleaner memiliki pengaruh yang beresiko terhadap kesehatan karena memiliki intensitas medan magnet yang lebih besar dari nilai ambang batas pada posisi 0 cm. Kata kunci: efek radiasi; medan magnet; radiasi elektronik. ABSTRACT Magnetic field radiation in the household environment on several electronic equipment at a certain distance can pose a risk of health problems. The use of electronics for households in an all-digital era is a very efficient device to help humans carry out various activities together. However, the electronics that are used do not just have a good impact on humans, but can also be dangerous if used continuously. This is known as radiation or particles or emission generated by the magnetic field and electric field that is obtained when the electronics are in standby or operating state. This research was conducted on 4 electronic equipment including: TV, Refrigerator, Rice Cooker and Vacuum Cleaner. WHO states that the threshold value for humans to receive radiation in the household environment is 100μT. Meanwhile, based on the results that the vacuum cleaner has a risky influence on health because it has a magnetic field intensity that is greater than the threshold value at 0 cm. Keywords: radiation effect; magnetic field; electronic radiation.

ABSTRAK Ikan kembung adalah ikan pelagis kecil yang mengandung kadar air cukup tinggi sehingga cepat mengalami pembusukan. Kandungan air yang tinggi pada ikan mengakibatkan bakteri pathogen berkembang biak dengan baik. Konsekuensinya, diperlukan teknologi alternatif untuk meningkatkan daya tahan ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pH dan massa jenis ikan kembung oleh pengaruh paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dalam penelitian terdapat 50 sampel ikan kembung yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol berarti tidak diberi paparan medan magnet ELF dan kelompok eksperimen diberi paparan medan magnet ELF intensitas 700 µT dan1200 µT dengan lama paparan 60 menit dan 120 menit. Pengukuran nilai pH dan massa jenis ikan kembung dilakukan pada jam ke-8 dan jam ke-20 setelah dipapar oleh medan magnet ELF. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua kelompok yang diberi paparan medan magnet ELF dapat menahan atau memperlambat pembusukan ikan kembung hingga jam ke-20 penyimpanan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah paparan medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 1200 µT selama 120 menit berpotensi menjaga nilai pH dan massa jenis ikan kembung. Kata kunci: medan magnet ELF; ikan kembung; pH; massa jenis. ABSTRACT Mackerel is a small pelagic fish whose water content is high enough to decompose easily. The high air content in fish causes pathogenic bacteria to multiply well. Consequently, alternatives are needed to increase fish endurance. This study aims to analyze the pH and density of mackerel under the influence of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field exposure. This type of research is experimental research using a completely randomized design (CRD). In this study there were 50 samples of mackerel which were divided into a control group, meaning no exposure to the ELF magnetic field and the experimental group was exposed to an ELF magnetic field intensity of 700 µT and 1200 µT with an exposure time of 60 minutes and 120 minutes. Measurement of the pH value and density of mackerel was carried out at the 8th and 20th hours after being exposed to the ELF magnetic field. The results showed that all groups exposed to the ELF magnetic field could restrain or slow down the spoilage of mackerel until the 20th hour of storage. The conclusion of this study is that exposure to the ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 1200 µT for 120 minutes has the potential to maintain the pH value and density of mackerel. Keywords: ELF magnetic field; mackerel fish; pH; density.

PISA (Program for International Student Assessment) is an international assessment designed to measure students' literacy abilities in various disciplines, including science. This research aims to analyze the scientific literacy abilities of students at MTS Nurul Huda Situbondo in solving PISA Science questions. The research method used is data analysis from the results of the PISA Science test given to students. The data described includes test results based on problem-solving and reasoning assessment rubrics. The research results show that most students need help solving these questions, such as understanding questions well, misinterpreting images, applying scientific knowledge, and relating them to real life. The results of the analysis also show that there is significant variation in abilities among students. The results of the Kruskal Wallis-H test show a p-value

Currently, as many as 45% of Indonesian people use well water to meet their daily needs. However, problems with the use of well water occur due to increasing population growth, resulting in increased water pollution. Waste generated by human activities can seep into the ground and contaminate well water. This research was conducted to determine the feasibility of well water as consumption water in the Kos area of ​​Jember Regency. The method used in this research is a descriptive observation method. The study used seven samples of well water originating from the Kos area of ​​Jember Regency and 1 sample of mineral water as a comparison. Samples of well mineral water were tested using physical, chemical, and biological tests. Physical tests were carried out on color, odor, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The chemical test was carried out in the form of a pH test. Biological tests were carried out by observing changes in color and odor due to bacteria after the samples were left for ten days. The results showed that three water samples did not meet the physics test, namely sample 4, sample 6, and sample 8. One well water sample did not meet the chemical test, namely sample 4. Five water samples did not meet the biological test: sample 2, sample 4, sample 6, sample 7, and sample 8.

ABSTRAK Tomat ranti merupakan jenis tomat yang memiliki kandungan likopen serta vitamin c yang lebih tinggi dibanding dengan jenis tomat yang lain. Tomat ranti merupakan salah satu jenis buah klimaterik dengan umur simpan ± 3-7 hari. Medanmagnet ELF merupakan salah satu jenis dari gelombang elektromagnetik yang bersifat Non-Ionizing dan telah dinyatakan dalam beberapa penelitian dalam bidang pangan, pertanian dan lain sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 600 µT, 1000 µT, dan 1500 µT terhadap perubahan nilai massa jenis tomat ranti pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan sampel yang digunakan yaitu tomat ranti. Sampel dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok kontrol dan 45 kelompok eksperimen. Pengukuran nilai massa jenis dilakukan pad ahari ke-2, ke-4, ke-6, dan ke-8 setelah pemaparan. Hasil dari penelitian menunujukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok eksperimen. Intensitas dan waktu pemaparan yang paling efektif dalam penelitian ini yaitu intensitas 600 dengan lama waktu 100 menit. Kata kunci: tomat ranti; massa jenis; medan magnet; elf; pembusukan. ABSTRACT Ranti tomato is a type of tomato that contains lycopene and vitamin C which is higher than other types of tomatoes. Ranti tomato is a type of climacteric fruit with a shelf life of ± 3-7 days. The ELF magnetic field is one type of electromagnetic wave that is Non-Ionizing and has been stated in several studies in the fields of food, agriculture and so on. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to the ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 600 µT, 1000 µT, and 1500 µT on changes in the density value of ranti tomatoes in the control group and the experimental group. The research design used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the sample used is tomato ranti. The sample was divided into 5 control groups and 45 experimental groups. Density values were measured on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days after exposure. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental group. The most effective intensity and exposure time in this study was the intensity of 600 with a duration of 100 minutes. Keywords: ranti tomato; density; magnetic field; elf; decay.

ABSTRAK Salah satu wilayah yang sering mengalami bencana banjir adalah Kecamatan Banyuwangi. Banjir yang terjadi diakibatkan adanya intensitas curah hujan yang cukup tinggi selama beberapa waktu tertentu, terutama pada saat musim penghujan di tahun 2022. Curah hujan merupakan banyaknya air yang tertampung dalam alat penangkar hujan, sedangkan intensitas curah hujan adalah jumlah curah hujan yang dinyatakan dalam tinggi hujan atau volume tiap satuan waktu. Hasil data intensitas curah hujan Kecamatan Banyuwangi dari BMKG dijadikan acuan dasar untuk menganalisis intensitas curah hujannya. Pengolahan data intensitas curah hujan bisa dilakukan dengan bantuan software iklim seperti Climate Predictability Tools. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis data adalah kuantitatif. Hasil analisis menggunakan Climate Predictability Tools menunjukkan bahwa prediksi intensitas curah hujan selama 6 bulan kedepan berada di atas normal dengan rentang nilai dari 62% hingga 75% sehingga keakuratannya mendekati 100% meskipun hubungan antara prediktor dan prediktan pada analisis awal masih lemah karena adanya perbedaan data yang cukup signifikan, selain itu grafik pada CCA menunjukkan bahwa hujan tinggi terjadi selama 2 atau 4 tahun sekali baik pada prediktor ataupun data asli. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara prediktan dan prediktor masih terbilang lemah, akan tetapi hasil prediksi selama 6 bulan kedepan bisa menunjukkan selisih yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan data asli dari BMKG. Kata kunci—Intensitas Curah Hujan, Kecamatan Banyuwangi, dan Climate Predictability Tools. ABSTRACT One of the most frequently flooded areas is the Banyuwangi district. The flooding is due to a fairly high intensity of rainfall over a certain period, especially during the rainy season in 2022. Rainfall is the amount of water stored in the rainfall remover, while the intensity of rainfall is the number of rainfalls expressed in rainfall height or volume per unit of time. The results of the Banyuwangi district rainfall intensity data from BMKG are used as a basic reference for analyzing the intensity of the rainfall. The data processing of rainfall intensity can be done with the help of climate software such as Climate Predictability Tools. The method used for data analysis is quantitative. The results of the analysis using Climate Predictability Tools showed that predictions of rainfall intensity for the next six months were above normal with a range of values of 62% to 75% so the accuracy was close to 100% even though the relationship between predictor and predictant in the initial analysis was still weak due to the presence of quite significant data differences, besides the graphs on the CCA indicated that high rainfall occurred over 2 or 4 years once either on the predictor or the original data. Analysis of this study suggests that the relationship between predictors and predictors is still weak, but predictions for the next six months may indicate a difference not far from the original data from the BMKG. Keywords—Rainfall Intensity, Banyuwangi District, and Climate Predictability Tools

The lighting system is very important to pay attention to because our eye health will be disturbed by the lack of light intensity. A room, especially a workspace, must have adequate light following predetermined standards. Analysis of light intensity measurement using a digital lux meter to determine the value of light intensity, this experiment was conducted to determine whether the light intensity in the room had or did not meet the standard of SNI 16-7062-2004. The digital lux meter used can measure the light intensity generated from the room prepared using 3-watt LED lights with a room size of 3 × 3 meters. Data retrieval has been done by placing a lux meter in every corner of the room at the same distance between the light source and the lux meter, which is 2 meters. To determine the effectiveness of the light intensity, the measurement results are compared with SNI's lux meter. The experimental data that have been carried out do not meet the SNI requirements for lighting in the workspace, the average intensity value is 12.25 Lux, 153 lumens in 15 seconds uses a calibration of 100%.

Agriculture has been an activity practiced by humans since ancient times. In the process of raising many pests that attack plants, farmers have resorted to pesticides especially chemical pesticides to ward off pests. Studies are therefore used to analyze the farmers' perceptions in the use of chemical pesticides to rice field ecosystems. The study uses a descriptive quantitative study to explain the farmers' perceptions of the use of chemical pesticides to rice ecosystems by using a method of direct interviews to farmers by using the questionnaires provided by the ajung district responders. Research data analysis using data interpretation analysis of the farmer's perceptions in the use of chemical pesticides to rice field ecosystems. Studies have shown that farmers use chemical pesticides more often than organic pesticides and that the majority of farmers have a perception that chemical pesticides will not affect rice field ecosystems. From the results of data and analysis, one might conclude that the farmers' perceptions level of the use of chemical pesticides to rice field ecosystems is still low.

ABSTRAK Penelitian yang telah dilakukan ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh dari paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) terhadap pH pada proses fermentasi tempe. Jenis dalam penelitian ini yaitu merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimen laboratorium yang memiliki desain penelitian randomized subject post test only control group design. Pada penelitian ini memiliki 7 perlakuan yang terbagi menjadi kelompok kontrol dan juga kelompok eksperimen yang telah dipapar oleh medan magnet ELF menggunakan intensitas 200 dan 300 μT dengan lama paparan yaitu 30’, 60’, dan 90’. Pada saat pengambilan data dilakukan saat jam ke-12, jam ke-24, jam ke-36, dan jam ke-48 setelah proses fermentasi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan dari medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) berpengaruh terhadap pH pada proses fermentasi tempe yang digambarkan dengan bervariasinya grafik pada hasil penelitian. Pengukuran tempe menggunakan paparan dari medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 200 μT selama 90 menit memiliki hasil jika berpengaruh terhadap pH tempe. Kata kunci: medan magnet ELF; fermentasi; pH, tempe. ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to examine the effect of exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on pH in the tempeh fermentation process. The type in this research is a type of laboratory experimental research that has a randomized subject post test only control group design research design. In this study, there were 7 treatments which were divided into a control group and also an experimental group that had been exposed to an ELF magnetic field using an intensity of 200 and 300 T with an exposure duration of 30', 60', and 90'. At the time of data collection was carried out at the 12th hour, 24th hour, 36th hour, and 48th hour after the fermentation process. The results of the study showed that exposure to the Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field had an effect on the pH of the tempeh fermentation process which was illustrated by the various graphs in the results of the study. Tempe measurement using exposure to an ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 200 T for 90 minutes has results if it affects the pH of tempe. Keywords: ELF magnetic field; fermentation; pH, tempe.

ABSTRAK Medan maegnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) merupakan spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik dengan rentan frekuensi yang dimiliki sebesar 0 sampai kurang dari 0,3kHz dan termasuk dalam non-pengion radiation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF terhadap pH cabai merah kecil (Capsicum futescens L). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain yang digunakan RAL (Rancang Acak Lengkap). Sampel yang digunakan adalah cabai merah kecil dari jenis sret yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol tanpa paparan medan magnet dan kelompok eksperimen dengan paparan medan magnet intensitas 600μT dan 1.000μT dengan lama paparan 30 menit, 60 menit dan 90 menit. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 145 kemasan sampel, dengan masing-masing kemasan berisi 5 buah cabai varietas sret kelas 3 dengan ukuran 4 < 8 cm. Kelompok kontrol ada 25 kemasan sampel dan kelompok ekperimen ada 120 kemasan sampel. Analisa data dilakukan dengan uji One Way Anova dengan uji LSD dan uji Kruskal-Wallis menggunakan IBM Statistics 23. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH cabai merah kecil, dengan intensitas paparan 600μT selama 30 menit berpotensi dalam mempertahankan nilai pH cabai merah kecil. Kata kunci: medan magnet ELF; cabai merah (capsicum frutescens L); pH. ABSTRACT Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves with a frequency range of 0 to less than 0.3 kHz and is included in non-ionizing radiation. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to the ELF magnetic field on the pH of small red chili (Capsicum futescens L). This type of research is experimental research with the design used RAL (Completely Randomized Design). The samples used were small red chilies of the sret type which were divided into a control group without exposure to a magnetic field and an experimental group with an intensity of 600μT and 1,000μT magnetic field exposure with an exposure duration of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The samples used were 145 sample packages, with each package containing 5 chilies of class 3 sret variety with a size of 4 < 8 cm. The control group had 25 sample packages and the experimental group had 120 sample packages. Data analysis was carried out by One Way Anova test with LSD test and Kruskal-Wallis test using IBM Statistics 23. The results showed that exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields affected the pH value of small red chilies, with an exposure intensity of 600μT for 30 minutes in maintaining the pH value of small red chilies. Keywords: ELF magnetic field; red chilies (capsicum frutescens L); pH.

ABSTRAK Ikan lele marupakan ikan yang memiliki lendir yang cukup banyak, lendir sendiri merupakan tempat media pertumbuhan bakteri. Sehingga kondisi fisik daging ikan lele yang telah meninggal tidak dapat berahan lama pada suhu ruang. Medan magnet Extremenly Low Freqquency (ELF) merupakan spektrum gelombang yang memiliki frekuensi rendah yaitu kurang dari 300 Hz serta diklasifikasikan sebagai radiasi non pengion. Medan magnet ELF dapat di manfaatkan dalam bidang pangan, dikarenakan medan magnet dapat diterapkan untuk menonaktifkan patoghen mikroorganisme yang dapat menyebabkan bahan makanan mudah busuk. Nilai pH (Potensial Hidrogen) merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mengukur kesegaran pada ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF terhadap kesegaran daging ikan lele dengan mengacu pada nilai pH-nya. Dalam penelitian ini terdapat 145 sampel daging fillet ikan lele, dengan pembagian kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Dimana kelompok eksperimen diberikan paparan medan magnet sebesar 600μT dan 1000μT selama 2x15 menit, 30x2 menit, dan 30x3 menit. Penarikan data pH diukur menggunakan pH meter. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah paparan medan magnet dengan intensitas 600μT dan 100μT dapat menghambat penurunan pH pada daging ikan lele dengan dosis yang paling efektif 1000μT selama 90 menit. Kata kunci : Ikan lele; medan magnet ELF; nilai pH. ABSTRACT Catfish is a fish that has quie a lot of mucus, the mucus itself is a medium for bacterial growth. So that the physical condition of dead catfish meat cannot last long at room emperature. Extremenly.Low.Frequency (ELF).magnetic.field.is.a wave spectrum.that has a low frequency of less.than 30 Hz and is classified.a. non-ionizing.radiation. The ELF magnetic field can be used in the food sector, because a magnetic.field.can.be.applied.to inactivate.pathogenic.microorganisms.that can cause perishable food ingredients. The value of pH (Potential Hydrogen) is one of he factors that can be used as a refrence o measure freshness in fish. This study aims to determine he effect of exposure to the ELF magnetic field on the freshness of cafish meat by reffering to is pH value. In this study there were 120 samples of catfish fillet meat, with the division of the control group. Where the experimental group was exposed to magnetic fields of 600μT and 1000 μT for 30 minuets, 60 minuets, and 90 muniets. Measurement of pH was measure using a pH meter. The.result.of.this.research.is that exposure to a magnetic field with an intensity of 600μT and 1000μT can inhibit the decrease in pH in catfish meat with the most effective dose of 1000μT for 90 minuets Keywords : catfish; magnetic field (ELF); pH value.

ABSTRAK Buah naga daging merah keunguan dengan nama latin Hylocereus polyrhizus merupakan salah satu jenis produk holtikultura yang saat ini sedang populer. Kandungan air 90% membuat buah ini cukup kaya akan mineral. Namun, kandungan air yang tinggi dalam buah menyebabkan buah naga merah tergolong dalam perishable commmodities yang mudah mengalami kerusakan dan pembusukan jika disimpan dalam suhu kamar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) terhadap perubahan pH dan tekstur daging buah naga merah sebagai indikator pembusukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 165 potong daging buah naga merah dengan 25 sampel kelompok kontrol, 20 sampel kelompok kulkas, dan 125 sampel kelompok eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen merupakan kelompok dengan perlakuan diberi paparan medan magnet ELF intensitas 600 dan 1000 selama paparan 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan medan magnet ELF berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pH dan tekstur daging buah naga merah. Paparan medan magnet ELF mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri pembusuk pada daging buah naga merah, sehingga nilai pH meningkat dan tekstur daging buah naga bertahan padat. Dalam penelitian ini, Intensitas 600 lama paparan 60 menit efektif dalam menghambat pembusukan daging buah naga merah. Kata kunci: buah naga merah;medan magnet; extremely low frequency (ELF). ABSTRACT Purplish red flesh dragon fruit with the Latin name Hylocereus polyrhizus is one type of horticultural product that is currently popular. The water content of 90% makes this fruit quite rich in minerals. However, the high water content in the fruit causes red dragon fruit to be classified as perishable commodities which are easily damaged and spoiled if stored at room temperature. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic fields on changes in pH and texture of red dragon fruit flesh as an indicator of decay. This study used a sample of 165 pieces of red dragon fruit flesh with 25 samples of the control group, 20 samples of the refrigerator group, and 125 samples of the experimental group. The experimental group was the treatment group that was exposed to an ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 600 dan 1000 for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The results showed that exposure to the ELF magnetic field had an effect on changes in pH and texture of red dragon fruit flesh. Exposure to the ELF magnetic field was able to inhibit the growth of spoilage bacteria in red dragon fruit flesh, so that the pH value increased and the texture of dragon fruit flesh remained solid. In this study, the intensity of 600μT with 60 minutes of exposure was effective in inhibiting the rotting of red dragon fruit flesh. Keywords: red dragon fruit; magnetic field; extremely low frequency.

ABSTRAK Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) adalah spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik frekuensi 0-300Hz . Penelitian radiasi dari medan magnet ELF berdampak positif bagi bahan pangan karena bersifat non-ionizing. Tomat merupakan buah dengan kandungan gizi yang tinggi, namun memiliki masa simpan yang pendek yaitu ± 7-8 hari pada suhu diatas C. Alternatif cara memperpanjang umur simpan tomat adalah dengan paparan radiasi medan maget ELF. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganailis ada atau tidaknya pengaruh ELF pada pH tomat. Sampel yang digunakan adalah tomat berjenis Apel (Lycopersicum Pyriporme). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium dan desain penelitian Rancang Acak Lengkap. Sampel berjumlah 180 buah terbagi atas kelompok kontrol (30 sampel) dan kelompok eksperiman (150 sampel) dengan perlakuan medan magnet ELF intensitas 600 µT dan 1000 µT selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Penelitian dikerjakan selama 20 hari. Pengolahan data dan analisis data dilakukan dengan uji kruskal wallis melalui software IBM Statistic SPSS 23. Kesimpulan hasil yang didapatkan bahwa adanya pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF terhadap sampel ditandai dengan perubahan nilai pH akibat aktivitas mikroorganisme patogen dalam tomat yang terganggu. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan grafik hasil perubahan pH setiap pengukuran kelompok kontrol sangat tajam perubahannya dibandingkan kelompok eksperimen yang cenderung berubah dengan selisih sedikit. Kata kunci: radiasi; extremely low frequency; tomat apel (lycopersicum pyriporme) ABSTRACT Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 0-300Hz. Research Radiation from the ELF magnetic field has a positive impact on foodstuffs because it is non-ionizing. Tomato is a fruit with high nutritional content, but has a short shelf life of ± 7-8 days at temperatures above C. An alternative way to extend the shelf life of tomatoes is by exposure to ELF magnetic field radiation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence or absence of the effect of ELF on tomatoes. The sample used was apple tomato (Lycopersicum Pyriporme). The type of research used is a laboratory experiment research and a completely randomized design research. A total of 180 samples were divided into a control group (30 samples) and an experimental group (150 samples) with the ELF magnetic field treatment with an intensity of 600 T and 1000 T for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The research was carried out for 20 days. Data processing and data analysis was carried out by using the Kruskal Wallis test using the IBM Statistical SPSS 23 software. The conclusion of the results obtained was that the effect of exposure to the ELF magnetic field on the sample was marked by changes in pH values due to disturbed activity of pathogenic microorganisms in tomatoes. This is evidenced by the graph of the results of changes in pH for each measurement of the control group, the changes are very sharp compared to the experimental group which tends to change with a slight difference. Keywords: radiation; extremely low frequency; apple tomato (lycopersicum pyriporme)

ABSTRAK Kendaraan bermotor merupakan faktor penyumbang polusi udara yang berperan tinggi. Salah satu polutan yang dihasilkan kedaraan bermotor adalah CO2, sehingga peningkatan kendaraan bermotor akan mendorong banyaknya potensi emisi CO2 dan mencemari udara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi emisi CO2 dari berbagai jenis kendaraan bermotor. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung terhadap jumlah dari masing masing kendaraan bermotor selama tiga puluh menit serta studi literatur untuk mengetahui seberapa besar CO2 yang dihasilkan oleh setiap jenis kendaraan bermotor. Studi literatur yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor emisi dan persamaan sesuai dengan IPCC 2006. Hasil dan pembahasan didapat dari pengambilan data (n) jumlah kendaraan bermotor kend.30 menit-1, (FE) faktor emisi g.liter-1, (K) konsumsi bahan bakar liter.km-1 dan perhitungan potensi emisi CO2. Berdasarkan pengambilan data dan perhitugan yang diperoleh menunjukkan jenis kendaraan bermotor berupa sepeda motor dan mobil ialah penyumbang terbanyak dengan potensi emisi CO2 sebesar 67,568.26 (g.30 menit-1.km-1) dan mobil sebesar 63,335.30 (g.30 menit-1.km-1). Kata kunci: emisi CO2, kendaraan bermotor, polusi udara ABSTRACT Motorized vehicles are a major contributor to air pollution. One of the pollutants produced by motorized vehicles is CO2, so the increase in motorized vehicles will encourage a lot of potential for CO2 emissions and pollute the air. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential for CO2 emissions from various types of motorized vehicles. The data collection method was carried out by direct observation of the number of each motorized vehicle for thirty minutes as well as a literature study to determine how much CO2 is produced by each type of motorized vehicle. Literature study was carried out to determine emission factors and equations in accordance with IPCC 2006. Results and discussions were obtained from data collection (n) number of motorized vehicles each 30 minutes, (FE) emission factor g.liter-1, (K) material consumption liter.km-1 and calculation of potential CO2 emissions. Based on data collection and calculations obtained, it shows that the types of motorized vehicles are motorcycles and cars that contribute the most with CO2 emission potential of 67,568.26 (g.30minutes-1.km-1) and cars of 63,335.30 (g.30menit-1.km-1). Keywords: CO2 emissions, motor vehicles, air pollution

ABSTRAK Jember merupakan daerah yang memiliki potensi tebu yang besar. Akan tetapi, potensi pengolahan tebu belum banyak dikembangkan sebagai sumber belajar dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga belum dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran akan kepedulian lingkungan akibat keberadaan limbah dari pabrik pengolahan tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penguasaan konsep ipa terpadu dan tingkat kepedulian lingkungan mahasiswa setelah pembelajaran menggunakan bahan ajar tentang pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian one group pretest posttest design. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa calon guru fisika yang menempuh mata kuliah IPA Terpadu. Teknik pengumpulan data secara observasi, dokumentasi dan test penguasaan konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan penguasaan konsep IPA Terpadu mahasiswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,43 dan berada dalam kategori sedang. Mahasiswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sikap kepedulian lingkungan terhadap potensi lokal pengolahan tebu sebagai energi terbarukan yang ada di Jember. Kemampuan penguasaan konsep dan sikap kepedulian lingkungan sangat penting dimiliki oleh mahasiswa agar mahasiswa mampu mengintegrasikan konsep yang dimiliki ke dalam sikap peduli lingkungan dalam kehidupan nyata. Kata Kunci: IPA Terpadu, Penguasaan Konsep, Kesadaran Lingkungan, Tanaman Tebu ABSTRACT Jember is a regency which has a great potential of sugar cane. Meanwhile, the potential of the processing of sugar cane was not yet to be developed as a learning resource and hence was not able to grow the environment awareness which was caused by the waste of sugar cane factory. The aimed of this research was to describe the mastery concept learning of integrated science and level of students’ environment awareness after learning by using teaching material about the processing of sugar cane as a renewable energy. The method was experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this research was physics students who took integrated science course. The research data which was collected by using observation, documentation, and mastery concept test was analyzed by using normalized gain. The result showed that there was an increasing of N-gain around 0,43 and came to medium category. It also showed that there was environment awareness toward local potential of sugar cane manufacturing as a renewable energy in Jember. The ability of mastery concept and environment awareness was very important to be had by students, so the students were able to integrate the science concept into environment awareness behaviour in the daily life. Keywords: Integrated Science; Mastery Concept Learning; Environment Awareness; Sugar Cane.

The 2013 curriculum aims to provide a meaningful learning experience, namely by developing an attitude, knowledge, and skills. This means that knowledge, scientific process skills, and scientific attitudes are very important to be instilled in students. However, learning is still dominated by conventional learning, namely teacher-centered learning (teacher oriented), so that the teacher becomes the only source of knowledge. The purpose of this research is to describe the science process skills of students in learning temperature and heat through the practicum method and to find out if there is an increase in results through the practicum method on the material of temperature and heat. This type of research is descriptive research. This study used a pretest (pretest) and a final test (posttest). The result of the percentage of students' science process skills through practicum is 62.50% with sufficient category. There are 6 indicators of science process skills measured in this study, namely indicators of observation, classification, measuring, communicating, predicting, and concluding. In the observation indicator, the percentage obtained is 58.33% with the less category, the classification indicator is 75.00% in the sufficient category, the measuring indicator is 75.00% in the sufficient category, the communicating indicator is obtained a percentage of 58.33% with poor category, the indicator predicts that a percentage of 58.33% is obtained in the less category, and the indicator concludes that a percentage of 50.00% is obtained in the very poor category. In the pretest results obtained a percentage of 51.39% with a very poor category, while the posttest results obtained a percentage of 62.49% with a sufficient category. From the results of the pretest and posttest, it can be seen that there is an increase in results after learning with the practicum method.

Abstrak: Pembelajaran fisika merupakan fenomena alam yang dapat ditemui dan dapat dipelajari di kehidupan sehari-hari. Aliran air Bendungan Sampean Baru dapat dijadikan contoh penerapan fluida dinamis karena dapat ditemui di lingkungan sekitar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aliran air bendungan sampean baru sebagai dasar untuk pembuatan LKPD. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Pengukuran yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran lebar aliran sungai, kedalaman sungai, dan pengukuran menggunakan metode apung (floating method), dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan matematis untuk mendapatkan luas penampang, kecepatan aliran, dan debit aliran. Hasil kajian fluida menunjukkan bahwa lebar aliran sungai berbanding terbalik dengan luas penampang aliran dan sesuai dengan hukum persamaan kontinuitas. Dari hasil analisis bahan pembelajaran fisika materi fluida berbasis kontekstual menggunakan kajian aliran air dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam pembelajaran fisika pada materi persamaan kontinuitas Abstract: Physics learning is a natural phenomena that can be found and learned in everyday life. The water flow of Sampean Baru Dam can be used as an example of the application of dynamic fluids because it can be found in the environment around the students. This study aims to examine the water flow from the Bendungan Sampean Baru as a basis for making LKPD. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The measurements taken were the measurement of the width of the river flow, the depth of the river, and measurements using the floating method, followed by mathematical calculations to obtain the cross-sectional area, flow velocity, and flow discharge. The results of the fluid study show that the width of the river flow is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the flow and is in accordance with the law of continuity equations. From the results of the analysis, contextual-based fluid physics learning using water flow, can improve students' understanding of physics learning on the continuity equation material.

Kebutuhan pangan yang menjadi prioritas utama dalam kehidupan mempunyai keterlibatan dengan lingkup pertanian sebagai produsen. Kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik sangat diperlukan bagi masyarakat dan petani itu sendiri, sehingga pemahaman petani mengenai penggunaan pupuk yang mempengaruhi keadaan struktur tanah sebagai media tumbuh tanaman diperlukan kategori yang tergolong baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganilisis pemahaman para petani desa sawaran kulon terhadap penggunaan pupuk organik dan anorganik, agar mereka mengetahui perbedaan antara keduanya dan mana yag baik untuk diterapkan sehingga dapat terhindar dari dampak-dampak yang tidak diharapkan seperti kuantitas panen yang terus turun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu survei dengan mengunjungi lokasi persawahan milik petani di Desa Sawaran Kulon dengan pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara disertai kuesioner terhadap 30 orang petani yang berumur 40 tahun dan selebihnya. Data penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemahaman petani Desa Sawaran Kulon Terhadap penggunaan pupuk organik tergolong baik karena sudah memahami manfaat pupuk terhadap kondisi tanah yang subur untuk tanaman dengan pengaplikasian 3 hari sekali. Sedangkan pemahaman penggunaan pupuk anorganik tergolong buruk dan kebanyakan petani melihat manfaatnya secara jangka pendek seperti pupuk anorganik cepat menyuburkan tanah dengan hasil tanaman yang lebih cepat tumbuh, namun pengaplikasiannya tergolong baik sebanyak sebulan sekali tidak sesering pupuk organik.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis kemapuan mahasiswa semester 3 Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember yang menempuh matakuliah fisika dasar dalam menyelesaikan soal konsep karakteristik gelombang elektromagnetik. Bentuk multirepresentasi yang digunakan yaitu verbal (V) dan gambar (G). Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dengan bantuan aplikasi google form. Jawaban mahasiswa dianalisis dan diberikan skor untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan mahasiswa dalam menggunakan penyajian konsep fisika secara multirepresentasi. Kemampuan multirepresentasi yang dimiliki mahasiswa dengan bentuk representasi verbal sebesar 65,6%lebih tinggi daripada bentuk gambar verbal sebesar 55,6% yang keduanya dalam kriteria baik. Untuk menunjang hasil belajar fisika mahasiswa maka perlu berbagai macam penyajian atau representasi dari pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki mahasiswa.

ABSTRAK Roti tawar adalah sumber karbohidrat memiliki umur simpan yang sangat pendek yakni empat sampai enam hari terhitung dari proses masa produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyelidiki pengaruh paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) intensitas 500 µT dan 700 µT selama 60, 90, dan 120 menit terhadap pH roti tawar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Rancang Acak Lengkap (RAL). Ada dua kelompok dalam penelitian ini, yakni kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen dimana kelompok kontrol yang tidak dipapari medan magnet dan kelompok eksperimen diberi paparan medan magnet. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah roti tawar sari roti kupas sebanyak 126 sisir dimana kelompok kontrol sebanyak 18 sisir roti tawar dan kelompok eskperimen sebanyak 108 sisir roti tawar yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok yang diberi perlakukan berupa paparan medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 500 µT dan 700 µT selama 60, 90 dan 120 menit. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS 22 dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh paparan medan magnet ELF berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pH pada roti tawar. Dengan memaparkan medan magnet intensitas 500 µT lama paparan 60 menit dan 700 µT lama paparan 60 menit dapat menghambat penurunan pH roti tawar. Kata kunci: Medan Magnet ELF; Roti Tawar; pH. ABSTRACT Bread is a source of carbohydrates that has a very short shelf life of four to six days from the production process. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to an Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field with an intensity of 500 µT and 700 µT for 60, 90, and 120 minutes on the pH of white bread. This research uses an experimental research type with the research design used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were two groups in this study, namely the control group and the experimental group where the control group was not exposed to a magnetic field and the experimental group was exposed to a magnetic field. The samples used in this study were 126 combs of peeled white bread, where the control group consisted of 18 white bread combs and the experimental group consisted of 108 white bread combs which were divided into six groups which were treated in the form of exposure to the ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 500 µT and 700 µT for 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The data analysis technique was carried out using SPSS 22 with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of the study stated that exposure to the ELF magnetic field had an effect on changes in pH in white bread as shown by a graphic diagram. Exposure to a magnetic field intensity of 500 µT with an exposure time of 60 minutes and 700 µT with an exposure duration of 60 minutes can inhibit the decrease in the pH of white bread. Keywords: Magnetic Field; White Bread; pH.

Analisis ini dilakukan dengan tujuan guna mengetahuai kualitas kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa pendidikan fisika semester 5 tentang potensi pemanfaatan angin sebagai sumber energi. Metode dalam penelitian yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah metode kualitatif. Subjek dalam analisis ini merupakan mahasiswa pendidikan fisika semester 5 berjumlah sekitar 40 orang. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuisioner.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan multirepresentasi verbal dan tabel mengenai pemahaman konsep spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik pada mahasiswa fisika semester 5 di Universitas Jember. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara online dengan suatu metode secara kuantitatif melalui kuisioner. Kuisioner ini dibagikan secara online melalui salah satu media sosial WhatsApp. Gelombang elektromagnetik adalah suatu bentuk gelombang transversal yang terbentuk dari medan magnetik dan medan listrik, bukan terbentuk dari suatu materi seperti pada tali dan air sehingga dapat merambat dalam ruang hampa. Selanjutnya dalam gelombang elektromagnetik ini terdapat spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik diantaranya ada gelombang mikro, gelombang radar, sinar infrared, ada sinar UV, sinar X serta sinar gamma. Pemahaman konsep multirepresentasi dapat dilakukan dengan bentuk verbal, tabel, grafik maupun gambar. Telah diketahui dari penelitian bahwa pemahaman konsep mahasiswa fisika ini lebih mengarah pada pemahaman konsep berbasis verbal dari pada tabel. Kemampuan verbal diperoleh nilai sebesar 61,43 % sedangkan yang tabel 42,38 % dari 42 mahasiswa.

Several studies have reported that exposure to ELF magnetic fields can increase cell death and inhibit bacterial proliferation. This study aimed to analyze the resistance of soy milk exposed to ELF magnetic fields with 300 μT and 500 μT intensities. The researchers employed a completely randomized design. The soy milk samples were exposed to ELF magnetic fields intensities of 300 μT and 500 μT for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The variables studied were physical resistance (aroma, color, texture, and clot formation), pH, and density. The physical condition data were analyzed descriptively, while the pH and density data were analyzed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis statistics. The results showed that the aroma, texture, and clot formation on the surface of the samples exposed to the 500 μT intensity were better than the control group until ten hours after exposure. However, the color was not different from the control group. Therefore, exposure to ELF magnetic fields intensity of 500 μT potentially increased the soy milk resistance. The research results can be used as the basis for developing food security technology with ELFelectromagnetic wave radiation.

ABSTRAK Kopi lanang (Peaberry) merupakan jenis kopi yang mempunyai biji berkeping satu (monokotil) dengan kafein yang kadarnya lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kopi jenis lain. Kadar kafein yang tinggi pada biji kopi bisa diturunkan dengan proses fermentasi kopi. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) terhadap perubahan pH pada proses fermentasi biji kopi lanang (Peaberry) kering jenis robusta dengan penambahan enzim -amilase. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian eksperimen dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh perlakuan dengan pengulangan percobaan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuh kelompok sampel meliputi kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen variasi intensitas paparan medan manet ELF sebesar 200 µT dan 300 µT dan variasi lama pemaparan 30 menit, 60 menit dan 90 menit. Pengukuran data hasil penelitian diambil setelah pemaparan yaitu pada hari ke-1 sampai hari ke-5 selama proses fermentasi berlangsung. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa paparan medan magnet ELF berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pH pada proses fermentasi biji kopi lanang (Peaberry) kering jenis robusta yang ditunjukkan dengan variasi bentuk grafik. Pemaparan medan magnet ELF dengan intensitas 200 µT dan lama pemaparan 30 menit dapat menurunkan pH secara signifikan, sedangkan intensitas 200 µT dan lama waktu paparan 90 menit dapat menaikkan pH secara signifikan pada proses fermentasi biji kopi lanang (Peaberry) kering jenis robusta. Kata kunci : Medan magnet ELF, Fermentasi, Kopi Lanang (Peaberry), pH ABSTRACT Peaberry coffee is a type of coffee that has a single bean (monocotyle) with a higher levels of caffeine if compared whith other types of coffee. High levels of caffeine in coffee beans can be reduced by the coffee fermentation process. The study aims to examine the effect of exposure to the ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field on changes of pH in the fermentation process of robusta peaberry dray coffee beans with the addition of -amylase enzyme. The type of research that use in the experimental reseacrh with a randomized subject post test only control grup design, it aiming to examine the effect of treatment by repeating the experiment. This study include seven sample groups covering the control group and the experimental group variation in the intensity of ELF magnetic field with 200 µT and 300 µT and variation of a length 30, 60, 90 minutes. Meansurement of the data research taken after exposure that is on the day one to day five during the fermentation process. The result of the study suggest that exposure to ELF magnetic field has an effect on the pH fermentation prosess of dried peaberry coffee beans, which was shown variations of the shape of the graph. Exposure to the ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 200 µT and the length of 30 minutes can significantly decrease the pH, while the intensity of 200 µT and the length of 30 minutes can significantly increase the pH in the fermentation process of dried robusta paberry coffee beans. Keywords : ELF magnetic field, Fermentation, Peaberry Coffee, pH

ABSTRAK Energi listrik merupakan hal yang penting untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, baik dari sektor rumah tangga, industri, maupun penerangan jalan. Namun, tidak semua daerah di Indonesia memiliki aliran listrik untuk mendukung kebutuhan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalsis keuntungan dan kendala pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH). Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, yaitu dengan membandingkan beberapa hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa PLTMH memiliki berbagai keuntungan baik dari sektor potensi ketersediaan alat dan sumber daya, ekonomi, letak geografis, serta pengelolaan. Selain itu, dalam pemanfaatan PLTMH juga terdapat kendala, yaitu daya listrik yang dihasilkan berskala kecil. PLTMH memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber energi listrik, khususnya di kawasan pedesaan atau wilayah terpencil yang memiliki potensi ketersediaan air melimpah. Kata kunci—Energi Terbarukan, Mikrohidro, PLTMH ABSTRACT Electrical energy is important to meet daily needs, both from the household sector, industry, and street lighting. However, not all regions in Indonesia have electricity to support daily needs. This research aims to analyze the advantages and constraints of utilizing Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH). The method used is literature review, which is by comparing some of the results of previous research.Based on the results of the study, it was found that PLTMH has various advantages both from the potential sector of availability of tools and resources, economy, geographical location, and management.In addition, in the use of PLTMH there are also obstacles, namely electricity generated on a small scale. PLTMH has the potential to be used as an alternative source of electrical energy, especially in rural areas or remote areas that have the potential for abundant water availability. Keywords—Microhydro, PLTMH, Renewable Energy

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengetahuan mahasiswa pendidikan fisika tentang pemanfaatan angin sebagai sumber energi di pantai selatan Pulau Jawa. Populasi yang ada dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Fisika Universitas Jember angkatan 2018. Penetuan sampel melalui quota sampling yang terdiri dari 50 mahasiswa. Waktu penelitian yaitu selama bulan desember 2020, dengan instrumen kuisioner yang terdiri dari 8 soal, dengan sumber data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan link google form yang disebarluaskan melalui Whatsapp. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan secara keseluruhan aspek pengetahuan mahasiswa mengenai potensi pemanfaatan angin sebagai sumber energi di pantai selatan Pulau Jawa sebesar 70,25 % yang berada pada kategori cukup, dimana setiap responden memiliki pengetahuan yang berbeda-beda karena konsep yang dimiliki responden juga berbeda-beda. Pengetahuan yang sudah dimiliki mahaisswa ini bisa diterapkan dimasyarakat untuk bisa memberikan peran generasi muda dalam pengembangan sumber energi alternatif dan terbarukan.

ABSTRAK Medan magnet ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) merupakan spektrum gelombang elektromagnetik yang frekuensinya 0-300 Hz. Matahari sumber kehidupan yang memancarkan energinya ke bumi dalam bentuk radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan intensitas radiasi medan magnet alamiah matahari didalam ruangan dan diluar ruangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen. Pengukuran intensitas radiasi medan magnet oleh matahari menggunakan alat Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Meter dan thermometer. Penelitian dilakukan mulai pukul 06.00 – 15.00 WIB dimana semakin siang temperatur medan magnet dan radiasi matahari semakin meningkat, kemudian suhu dan intensitas menurun seiring dengan terbenamnya matahari. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan menggunakan SPSS dengan metode interpretasi data. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan data diluar ruangan memiliki hasil lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan data hasil penelitian di dalam ruangan yakni rerata suhu didalam ruangan 29,5˚C, 31˚C, 32,36˚C,dan 31,7˚C sedangkan diluar ruangan 30,9˚C, 32,9˚C, 33,4˚C, 32˚C. Rerata medan magnet didalam ruangan sebesar 0,044, 0,224, 0,262, dan 0,326, sedangkan diluar ruangan sebesar 0,098, 0,324, 0,418, dan 0,398. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi intensitas radiasi matahari mengakibatkan temperatur bumi, dan medan magnet semakin tinggi. Kata kunci: intensitas;matahari; medan magnet;radiasi. ABSTRACT Elf magnetic field (Extremely Low Frequency) is a spectrum of electromagnetic waves whose frequency is 0-300 Hz. Sun is a source of life that emits its energy to earth in the form of electromagnetic wave radiation. This study aims to compare the radiation intensity of natural magnetic fields by the sun indoors and outdoors. The type of research used is experimental research. Measurement of magnetic field radiation intensity by the sun using EMF Meter and thermometer. The research was conducted from 06.00 – 15.00 WIB where the more daylight the temperature of the magnetic field and solar radiation increases, then the temperature and intensity decreases with the sunset. Data analysis techniques used using SPSS with data interpretation methods. The results showed that outdoor data had higher results compared to the data of indoor research results, namely the average indoor temperature of 29.5°C, 31°C, 32.36°C, and 31.7°C while outdoors 30.9°C, 32.9°C, 33.4°C, 32°C. The average indoor magnetic field is 0.044, 0.224, 0.262, and 0.326, while outdoors is 0.098, 0.324, 0.418, and 0.398. Research data shows that the higher the intensity of solar radiation results in the Earth's temperature, and the magnetic field gets higher. Keywords: intensity;sun; magnetic field;radiation.

ABSTRAK Medan magnet ELF merupakan gelombang elektromagnetik dengan frekuensi sampai 300 Hz dan tergolong sebagai radiasi non ionizing. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain randomized subject post-test only control group design, dengan pembagian dua kelompok subjek penelitian dipilih secara acak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh paparan medan magnet ELF .terhadap nilai pH buah anggur hitam. Dalam penelitian ini ada dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen, dimana kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan medan magnet ELF intensitas 300μT dan 500μT selama 60’ dan 120’ untuk masing-masing intensitas. Analisa data nilai pH buah anggur menggunakan SPSS 24 yaitu uji kruskal wallis. Berdasarkan hasil analisa data didapat bahwa medan magnet ELF intensitas 300μT dan 500μT berpengaruh terhadap nilai pH buah anggur hitam. Nilai pH kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi dari kelompok eksperimen. Hal ini disebabkan karena intensitas di bawah 500μT menekan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme pembentuk asam didalam buah angggur hitam. Kata kunci: medan magnet ELF; analisa data; pH. ABSTRACT The ELF magnetic field is an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of up to 300 Hz and is classified as non-ionizing radiation. This study used a randomized subject post-test only control group design, with the division of two groups of research subjects randomly selected. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to ELF magnetic fields on the pH value of black grapes. In this study, there were two groups, namely the control and experimental groups, where the experimental group was treated with an ELF magnetic field with an intensity of 300μT and 500μT for 60 'and 120' for each intensity. The data analysis of the pH value of grapes used SPSS 24, namely the kruskal wallis test. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the ELF magnetic field with the intensity of 300μT and 500μT had an effect on the pH value of black grapes. The pH value of the control group was higher than the experimental group. This is because the intensity below 500μT suppresses the growth of acid-forming microorganisms in the black grapefruit. Keywords: ELF magnetic field; data analysis; pH.

We find many applications of physics in everyday life, ranging from simple things to complex things. One example of the application of physics in everyday life is the activity of drying tobacco, when in its management there are concepts of temperature and heat. This study aims to examine the mechanism of drying tobacco based on the concept of heat which can later be integrated into the physics learning. The research method consists of observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis stage in this study consisted of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that in the tobacco drying mechanism there is a conduction heat transfer process during the fire curing and convection heat transfer process during the air curing in the drying warehouse and radiation heat transfer in sun drying. Due to the transfer of heat into the tobacco causes evaporation so that the water content in the tobacco is reduced. The factors that cause evaporation are difference in temperature, wind, humidity, cross-sectional area, and air pressure.

The treatment process for healing fractures in the community is still mostly done through traditional methods, which are generally referred to as "sangkal putung". The results obtained 28.2% can not return to its original form. In the process of denying putung it still takes quite a long time depending on the part of the bone that has broken. This study aims to reveal the potential effect of exposure to the ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) magnetic field on the fracture healing process. This research method uses an article review, with a total of 30 articles from relevant research articles from 2000 to 2022. This aims to examine the effect of effective treatment of the intensity of exposure to the ELF magnetic field on the fracture healing process. The results showed that there were 73.3% of researchers who supported the ELF EM wave was able to accelerate the splicing of fractures. Meanwhile, 26.67% of researchers did not support it. The results of the study reported that exposure to a magnetic field with an intensity of 120μT-200μT was able to increase the proliferation of osteoblast cells so as to heal fractures. The most accurate range of intensity in the process of forming Osteoblam cells is the intensity of 150μT. The results in experimental animals showed that exposure to the ELF magnetic field had an effect on the process of forming osteoblasts completely. The results of clinical research (bone fracture patients) showed that exposure to a magnetic field with an intensity of 150μT was able to form and secrete organic collagen and non-collagen in Osteoblast cells, while ELF Osteoclast cells were able to assist in the reabsorption of existing bone cells. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that exposure to the 150μT intensity ELF magnetic field has the most optimal ability in the process of forming osteoblasts (osteoclasts and osteosts) in fracture healing.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh model problem based learning dengan media google classroom terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi gelombang bunyi di SMAN Pakusari. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pretest-posttest control design. Pengumpulan data hasil belajar siswa dari nilai pretest dan posttest, serta aktivitas belajar siswa dari hasil observasi selama kegiatan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menghasilkan data rata-rata aktivitas belajar di kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol, yaitu 66,35% dan 55,31%, dan juga rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dari posttest pada kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol, yaitu 60 dan 50. Analisis data menggunakan uji T-Test yang menghasilkan nilai signifikansi aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar kurang dari 0,05, yaitu 0,017 dan 0,002. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran menggunakan model PBL dengan media google classroom berpengaruh signifikan terhadap aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi gelombang bunyi di SMAN Pakusari. Kata kunci: model PBL dengan media google classroom; aktivitas belajar siswa; hasil belajar siswa. ABSTRACT This research aims to assess the effect of problem based learning model with google classroom media on activity and student learning outcomes of sound wave material at Pakusari senior high school. This type of research is experimental research with pretest-posttest control design. Data collection of student learning outcomes are pretest and posttest scores, and student learning activities is from observation results during learning. The result of this research are the average of learning activities in experimental class greater than control class, i.e 66,35% and 55,31%, and also the average of student learning outcomes from posttest in experimental class greater than control class, i.e 60 and 50. Data analysis using T-test which results in significance value of learning activity and learning outcomes of less than 0,05, i.e 0,017 and 0,002. Based on analysis, it can be concluded that learning by problem based learning model with google classroom media has significant effect on student’s activity and learning outcomes on sound wave material at Pakusari senior high school. Keywords: PBL model with google classroom media; learning activities; learning outcomes.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) terhadap pH dan daya hantar listrik pada proses fermentasi basah kopi liberika dengan penambahan α-amilase. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan randomized subjects post test only control group design. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 7 perlakuan yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksprimen yang dipapar medan magnet ELF dengan variasi intensitas 300 µT dan 400 µT dan variasi lama paparan 30 menit, 60 menit, dan 90 menit. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada jam ke-24, jam ke-48, hari ke-3, hari ke-4, dan hari ke-5 setelah proses fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paparan medan magnet Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) berpengaruh terhadap pH dan daya hantar listrik pada proses fermentasi basah kopi liberika dengan penambahan α-amilase yang ditunjukkan dengan bervariasinya grafik. Pengukuran kopi liberika dengan paparan medan magnet ELF intensitas 400 µT selama 30 menit paling berpengaruh terhadap pH kopi liberika. Sedangkan, pengukuran kopi liberika dengan paparan medan magnet ELF intensitas 300 µT selama 30 menit dan 90 menit paling berpengaruh terhadap daya hantar listrik kopi liberika yang telah difermentasi secara basah dengan penambahan α-amilase. Kata kunci: medan magnet ELF; pH; daya hantar listrik; fermentasi; kopi. ABSTRACT The purpose of the research is to examine the effect of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field to pH and electrical conductivity in the wet fermentation process of liberica coffee with the addition of α-amylase. Type of the research is an experimental research with randomized subjects post test only control group design. There is seven treatments consist of control group and experimental group exposed to ELF magnetic field with 300 µT and 400 µT intensity variation and for 30, 60, and 90 minutes for long variations. For hours 24, 48, day 3, day 4, and day 5, can make data retrieval after fermentation process. The result explain is effect of Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field to pH and electrical conductivity in the wet fermentation process of liberica coffee with the addition of α-amylase was take effect to indicated by the variation of the graph. The process ELF magnetic field with 400 µT intensity for 30 minutes most influential on pH of liberica coffee. Meanwhile, the process ELF magnetic field with 300 µT intensity for 30 and 90 minutes most influential on electrical conductivity of liberica coffee in the wet fermentation with the addition of α-amylase. Keywords: ELF magnetic field; pH; electrical conductivity; fermentation; coffee.

Diskresi yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Hukum dan HAM melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM nomor AHU-1 AH.10.01 Tahun 2016 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia atas nama Arcandra Tahar menimbulkan pro dan kontra di kalangan masyarakat karena dinilai bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan kewarganegaraan Indonesia. Menteri Hukum dan HAM memberikan status kewarganegaraan kepada Arcandra Tahar yang berstatus sebagai stateless dengan alasan untuk memberikan perlindungan maksimum, namun diskresi tersebut justru tidak mengindahkan ketentuan perundang-undangan sebagai payung hukum bagi penyelenggara negara dalam mengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diskresi Menteri Hukum dan HAM tersebut dengan menggunakan siyasah dusturiyyah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pustaka dengan metode deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Surat Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM bernomor AHU1 AH.10.01 Tahun 2016 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia atas nama Arcandra Tahar telah melanggar prinsipprinsip dalam siyasah dusturiyyah.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of economic growth and minimum wage on labor absorption at Malang Regency in 2002-2016. The method of analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression. The results showed that economic growth had a positive and significant effect on labor absorption in Malang Regency in 2002-2016 with t value (3.54)> t table (1,79588) and significant value 0,0041 (below 5%) . Based on the results of these studies can be taken information that the higher economic growth hence the absorption of labor will increase. Minimum wage has negative and insignificant effect on labor absorption in Malang Regency in 2002-2016 with t value (-0.42) F table (3.59) with significant value of 0.012553.

Derajat kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan perilaku maka upaya peningkatan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) melalui pemberdayakan masyarakat mutlak diperlukan guna tercapainya paradigma sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diperolehnya informasi yang mendalam tentang proses pelaksanaan kegiatan PHBS tatanan rumah tangga dan kosan di lingkungan kampus UI Kota Depok dalam rangka pengembangan program PHBS di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi deskriptif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi terhadap informan penelitian yaitu ibu rumah tangga, mahasiswa kos, petugas puskesmas pengelola program PHBS dan tokoh masyarakat. Analisis data hasil wawancara menggunakan tahapan analisis berdasarkan Colaizzi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa upaya menggerakkan kegiatan PHBS yang menitikberatkan kepada pengelolaan sumber daya manusia justru belum dijalankan. Peran serta masyarakat dalam upaya kesehatan masih rendah, ditambah belum tersedianya petugas khusus baik tenaga formal maupun tidak formal untuk menggerakkan masyarakat dalam kegiatan PHBS secara kontinu. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penggerakkan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan PHBS tatanan rumah tangga di lingkungan kampus belum maksimal, terbatas kepada pelaksanaan yang bersifat empowerment. Kata Kunci: program PHBS, tatanan rumah tangga

Ancient society determined the location for their settlement and activity according to particular zone and pattern. The existence of these sites is predicted to had been patterned. This study aims to reveal the distribution of megalithic sites in Leuwisari, as well other aspects related to adaptation strategy. The data were collected through survey and literature study. The data were analyzed through spatial archaeology and ecology approaches. The result of this study shows that megalithic culture had been developed in this area with settlement pattern following river flow. Ancient society used natural resources to support their daily life and religious aspect. Masyarakat masa lampau memilih lokasi beraktivitas dan bermukim dengan mengikuti pola dan zona tertentu. Keberadaan situs-situs ini diperkirakan telah terpolakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap persebaran situs-situs budaya megalitik di wilayah Leuwisari serta aspek lain yang berkaitan dengan strategi adaptasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei dan studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan arkeologi ruang dan ekologi. Hasil yang diperoleh memberikan gambaran bahwa di wilayah ini pernah berkembang budaya megalitik dengan pola penempatan situs yang mengikuti aliran sungai atau sumber daya air. Masyarakat masa lalu memanfaatkan sumber daya alam untuk mendukung kehidupan yang berkaitan dengan aspek religi dan permukiman.

The existence of the Bumi Rongsok site in Papayan Village, Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya and some other forms of cultural remains, raises several issues that needed to be studied as an archaeological aspects. Archaeological remains found at the site among others are; hills shaped terraced fields, tomb stone, mortar stone, grave tomb in Islamic characters, which also has direct boundary with the forests and waterways. Based on these findings, then further discussion were continued on the cultural aspects of adaptation and acculturation. To explain these two aspects this research used comparative study method.The study was conducted by comparing the similarity of the object at different sites, different times, or of different cultures to address the research problems mentioned above. At the end of this article it could be concluded that the existence of the Bumi Rongsok sites are related to adaptation aspects of the natural environment. Tomb building terraces on this site described their acculturation that has taken place on these sites.

Abstrak Hasil pcnclitian arkeologi di kawasan Cadasari mcnipakan suatu rangkaian pengujian hipotesa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dikatakan scbagai data bam, maupun data lama yang dicatat kcmbali. Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan sclanjutnya dianalisis untuk menjeiaskan aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas budaya yang pemah berkembang di wilayah tersebut. Analisis lebih ianjut terhadap hasil penelitian arkeologi di kawasan ini memberikan gambaran bahwa pada umumnya situs-situs berkaitan dengan aspek religi. Temuan artefak maupun fitur umumnya memberikan gambaran budaya yang pcrnah berkembang di wilayah ini berada pada strata yang sama dan tampak adanya pemanfaatan lahan situs yang bcrkesianambungan dari masa prascjarah hingga masa Islam. Data anefaktual yang berbasil ditcmukan memberikan indikasi adanya aktiviias adaptasi terhadap sumbcr daya alam yang tcrsedia. Kata Kunci: interaksi, menhir, batu lapak, adaptasi Abstract, The results of archaeological research in the Cadasari area is a series of hypothesis testing. The results of this study can be considered as new data or old data is recorded again. The data collected were then analyzed to clarify aspects related to cultural activity that once flourished in the region. Further analysis of the results of archaeological research in this area suggests that these sites are generally associated with religious aspects. The findings of artefacts and features generally suggests that the culture that once flourished in this region are on the same strata and look of a sustainable utilization of land sites from the prehistoric era. The artifacts have been found to give an indication of adaptation to the natural resources available. Keywords: interaction, menhir, footprint stone, adaptation

Abstract Results of archaeological research in the area of Sukadana, Ciamis district that generally gives an overview of cultural remains found indicate megalithic traditions originated from a period marked by flat stones, findings, upright stones (menhirs), rocks scratched, and stone mortar. Nevertheless in some sites are found also archaeological culture of megalithic tradition associated with cultural remnants of the Islamic period.The findings also give you an idea that the layout of the site is generally close to the Cirende River and the Cimuntur River. Features that were found to be composed of natural stones without any touch of technology, except for masonry mortar. Similarly a site layout is generally in hilly land near the river. This is partly due to the utilization of the natural resources that exist around the site, as well as the aspects of convenience to acquire it. Background on the research results it was concluded that in the megalithic tradition is Maintained in times of ever lasting activity of adaptation to the environment. Keywords: megalithic, the river, features, hill Abstrak Hasil penelitian arkeologi di kawasan Sukadana, Kabupaten Ciamis memberikan gambaran bahwa pada umumnya tinggalan budaya yang ditemukan menunjukkan berasal dari masa tradisi megalitik yang ditandai dengan temuan batu datar, batu tegak (menhir), batu bergores, dan batu lumpang. Namun demikian di beberapa situs dijumpai pula tinggalan budaya tradisi megalitik berasosiasi dengan tinggalan budaya dari masa Islam. Hasil penelitian juga memberikan gambaran bahwa letak situs umumnya dekat dengan daerah aliran sungai Cirende dan sungai Cimuntur. Fitur-fitur yang ditemukan tersusun dari batu alam tanpa ada sentuhan teknologi, kecuali untuk batu lumpang. Demikian pula letak situs yang umumnya di lahan perbukitan dekat aliran sungai. Hal ini diperkirakan karena adanya pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada disekitar situs, serta adanya aspek kemudahan untuk memperolehnya. Berlatar pada hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa di kawasan Sukadana pada masa tradisi megalitik pernah berlangsung aktivitas adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Kata kunci: megalitik, sungai, fitur, bukit

Abstract A review of the findings of pottery fragments was carried out in or­der to determine the location of sites with the composition of pottery. In this study applied the methods and techniques of chemical analysis to determine the amount of the percentage of each constituent element of pottery. In this analysis found the eleven constituent elements in pottery, namely silica, aluminum, iron, titanium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, phosphorous, and crom. In these studies used samples of pottery from Tambah Luhur site, Purbolinggo District, and pottery from the Walur site, Pesisir Utara District. Both sites are located far apart, ie in the East Lampung and West Lampung. Based on these data the elemental composition of pottery and its physical properties, is used to determine if the pottery is from the same clay source, or vice versa. Chemical elements composition analysis results indicated that pottery made of different clay. So that concluded that the clay used from different sources. Re­lated to the environment concluded that in the past never happened used natural resources adaptation activities that are available on the site. Kata Kunci: kubur, unsur, tanah liat, lingkungan alam

ABSTRACT Archaeology resource in the Batu Goong site of Menes subdistrict, Pandeglang is an artifact containing several meanings, especially that dealing with the past human behavior in the region. The Geographically area is the hill named Kaduguling, and Citaman springs at the foot of mountain slopes. The character of the hill is higher in the back. The survey and observation results in this site record the traces of human activity in the past, especially the utilization of natural resources, and other activities related to religion and adaptation to the environment. In this paper, some of the theories used as approaches to various cultural activities are explaining about the cultural that used to grow in this site. Furthermore, it can be conclude that cultural’s supporting human in this site in the past are living communities adapting to the environment by using the available natural resources Keyword : resource, hill, water reservoar ABSTRAK Sumber daya arkeologi di kawasan situs Batu Goong, Kecamatan Menes, Pandeglang adalah berupa artefak yang mengandung beberapa makna, terutama yang berhubungan dengan tingkah laku manusia masa lampau di kawasan tersebut. Kondisi geografis kawasan merupakan bukit yang bernama Kaduguling, dengan mata air Citaman di bagian kaki bukit. Karakter bukit ini makin ke belakang makin tinggi. Hasil survei dan pengamatan di situs ini mencatat tentang jejak aktivitas manusia masa lampau, terutama pemanfaatan sumber daya alam, dan aktivitas lain yang berkaitan dengan religi dan adaptasi terhadap lingkungan. Dalam makalah ini beberapa teori digunakan sebagai pendekatan untuk menjelaskan ragam aktivitas budaya yang pernah berkembang di situs ini. Selanjutnya, disimpulkan bahwa manusia pendukung budaya di situs ini pada masa lampau adalah masyarakat yang hidup beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang tersedia Kata kunci: sumber daya alam, bukit, mata air,

Abstract The remains of megalithic culture can be found in the area of Pandeglang. The research result found the remains of a culture with diverse shapes and scratches in a specific section of the object. Tracing back the remnants of past life events through archaeological data in Pandeglang region is a problem that will be discussed primarily in order to reveal the traces of the Austronesian-speaking culture in this region. This paper used the method of reasoning descriptively and explanatively to explain it. The reasoning is done by looking at the archeological remains in the field first and then analyzing them, and it can be concluded that the remains of the megalithic culture in Pandeglang region is a mixture of cultures brought by Austronesian speakers and indigenous Indonesian culture. Keyword: statues, scratched stone, agricultural Abstrak Di kawasan Pandeglang banyak ditemukan tinggalan budaya megalitik. Hasil penelitian menemukan tinggalan budaya dengan bentuk beraneka ragam serta goresan-goresan di bagian tertentu dari benda tersebut. Penelusuran kembali sisa-sisa aktivitas kehidupan masa lalu melalui data arkeologi di kawasan Pandeglang merupakan permasalahan yang akan dibahas terutama dalam rangka mengungkap jejak-jejak budaya penutur Austronesia di wilayah ini. Dalam tulisan ini digunakan metode penalaran secara deskriptif eksplanatif untuk menjelaskan hal tersebut. Penalaran dilakukan dengan melihat terlebih dahulu tinggalan arkeologi di lapangan kemudian dianalisis, dan diperoleh simpulan bahwa tinggalan budaya megalitik di kawasan Pandeglang merupakan campuran antara budaya yang dibawa oleh penutur Austronesia dan budaya Indonesia asli. Kata Kunci: arca, batu bergores, agraris