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As the ubiquitous society has come, users’ demand for informati on and education from the library has changed and finally the necessity of change in the traditional information literacy that libraries have provided is on the rise. Based on the pre-j udgement that women relatively have weak access to information in the knowledge information so ciety and are in more special environment compared to other user groups, this study aimed to suggest u-Learning information literacy service for women. To this end, literature study, case analysis and questionnaire survey were conducted so that female users’ demand for information and education was understood. Based on the results of these performances above, the requireme nts to develop programs for information literacy education service for female and contents in addition to models were suggested. 키워드: 유비쿼터스, 정보활용교육, 이용자교육, 여성, 유러닝, 도서관 서비스ubiquitous, information literacy, user education, female, u-Lea rning, library services ***************

The effects of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA) originating from Korean cabbage kimchi were investigated, showing an antioxidant effect on the prevention of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Twenty-one 3-month-old rabbits were fed an atherogenic diet containing 0.5% (w/w) cholesterol and 10% (w/w) coconut oil, whereas another two groups were given an atherogenic diet with intravenous injection of either HDMPPA or simvastatin (0.33 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. HDMPPA inhibited the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (IC 50 = 1.4 microg/mL) and increased 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 0.78 microg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, the thickness of intima of aorta of the HDMPPA group was significantly reduced (control versus HDMPPA, 42%; simvastatin, 38%) without a plasma cholesterol-lowering effect. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation in the plasma of the HDMPPA group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group. Furthermore, the generation of vascular reactive oxygen species in HDMPPA group was suppressed as the cyclooxygenase-2 protein level decreased. These findings suggest that HDMPPA prevents the development of aortic atherosclerosis in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. The antiatherosclerotic effect of HDMPPA may be due to an antioxidative effect at a low dose without cholesterol-lowering effects.

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much interest because of their particular low driving voltage, convenient design of the device structures, possible control of emission band, and low fabrication cost compared with any other devices. Since the discovery of electroluminescence (EL) from a conjugated polymer, main-chain conducting polymers such as poly(plenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), their copolymers and soluble derivatives, has been studied intensively for the possible application as large-area light emitting diodes (LEDs). However, PPV has the disadvantage that electron injection is much more difficult than hole injection. Using additional organic charge-transporting layers, and adjusting the energy band of the polymer by introduction of electronwithdrawing groups attached to the polymer backbone were reported to overcome the imbalance of charge carrier injection or mobility. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups onto the arylene rings or the vinyl groups of PPV lowers the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymer, thereby permitting the use of a higher work function metal in the LED device. Numerous derivatives of PPV have been reported with electron-withdrawing substituents such as halide, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or methylsulfonylphenyl on the arylene rings. In our previous work, we reported poly(p-phenylenedifluorovinylene) (PPDFV) and poly(2-dimethyloctylsilyl-p-phenylenedifluorovinylene) (DMOS-PPDFV) with fluoro groups as electron withdrawing substituents on vinylene units of conjugated polymers, which showed the high performance of OLEDs. In the present paper, we report the synthesis and electroluminescent properties of the copolymers with p-phenylenedifluorovinylene and 2-dimethyloctylsilyl-p-phenylenevinylene units. The resulting EL polymers were synthesized by the Gilch polymerization method.

The aim of this study was to observe the clinical characteristics, including the extent of foot and ankle involvement, of Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in remission, defined as Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)2.6.Data from a registry of RA patients who visited a rheumatology clinic of a university-affiliated hospital and who were regularly evaluated with DAS28, including the ankle and foot metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints were enrolled. Patients who were treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for at least three months and who were in DAS28 remission were included in this study.Two hundred and thirteen episodes of DAS28 remission were observed in 147 patients. The mean DAS28 value at the time of remission was 1.84 (range, 0.14-2.59). The mean numbers of swollen joints and tender joints (of the 28 joints examined for DAS28) at the time of remission was 0.4 (range, 0-6) and 1.5 (range, 0-13), respectively. Overall, 11.7% and 38% of the patients in clinical remission had foot MTP/ankle swollen and tender joints, respectively. Additionally, 7% and 8.9%, respectively, of the patients in clinical remission had foot MTP/ankle swollen and tender joints without any involvement of the 28 joints included in the DAS28.Our results show that RA patients in DAS28 remission frequently have residual disease activity in the ankle and foot joints. Given that fore-foot disease activity can lead to joint damage and disability with respect to weight-bearing activities, these joints should be included in the clinical examination.

Conjugated polymers with a stabilized blue emission are of importance for the realization of large flat panel AMOLED displays using polymer light-emitting diodes. Several novel conjugated polymers using newly developed templates for the stabilized EL emission are reported. Poly(2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene)) (PCPP) is a new class of blue-emitting polymers utilizing a new back-bone. This material emits a efficient blue EL without exhibiting any unwanted peak in the long wavelength region (green region) even after prolonged annealing at an elevated temperature of 150oC in air, or operation of the device. New electroluminescent spiro-PCPPs, poly((2,6-(3',6'-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-spiro(4H-cyclopenta[def] phenanthrene-4,9'-[9H]fluorene)))-alt-(2,6-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene))) (spiro-PCPP-alt-PCPP) and poly((2,6-(3',6'-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-spiro(4H-cyclopenta[def] phenanthrene-4,9'-[9H]fluorene)))-alt-(1,4-phenylene)) (spiro-PCPPP), have been synthesized by the Suzuki polymerization. The PL emission spectra of polymers in THF solution show a same maximum peak at 397 nm. The maximum PL emission spectra of polymers appeared at around 463 and 456 nm in solid state, respectively. The PL spectra in solid thin films show more red-shifted over 60 nm than solution conditions. The blue emissions at 400-409 nm for the π–π* transitions of conjugated polymer backbone are almost completely quenched or decreased.

The present investigation deals with the synthesis, characterization and EL of new copolymers, CzCNPFV1, CzCNPFV2 and CzCNPFV3 by Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The CzCNPFVs was synthesized for promoted efficiency of reported CNPFV. The PL emission spectra of the CzCNPFVs in chloroform solution show maximum peaks at 476 ~ 479 nm. In thin films, maximum peaks of the CzCNPFVs appeared at 501 ~ 504 nm, red-shifted around 25 nm as compared to that in solution. The more negative energy of the LUMO of CzCNPFV1 or CzCNPFV2 indicates the electron injection process is easier than in CNPFV. From this result, higher quantum efficiency of CzCNPFV1 or CzCNPFV2 as compared to that of CNPFV can be expected due to its improved electron injection ability from the cathode.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonist has been proven to have benefit for rheumatologic diseases. Because TNF-alpha is not only an important mediator of inflammation in human body, but plays many physiologic roles, it can cause unique adverse effects or complications related to these functions. Adverse effects involving neurological systems, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction blocks (MMNCB), distal symmetric polyneuropathy, and small fibers neuropathy have been previously reported. However, only several cases of infliximab-associated MMNCB are reported. We report a case of MMNCB which developed while treating spondyloarthropathy with infliximab.

Limited data are available on severe community-acquired pneumonia (severe CAP or SCAP) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Korea. All patients who were admitted to a tertiary hospital for CAP from January 2007 to December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively, and SCAP was defined by 2007 Infectious Disease Society of America/American Thoracic Society criteria. In total, 94 patients were diagnosed with SCAP (mean age, 73.5 ± 14.3 years; male, 70). Among them, pneumococcal SCAP (P-SCAP) accounted for 24.5%, and non-P-SCAP accounted for 18.1% (four with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, [4.3%]; four with Staphylococcus aureus, [4.3%]), and no organisms were identified in 57.4% of the patients. A history of neoplasm was Less frequent, and the incidence of shock and pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores were Lower in patients with P-SCAP than in those with non-P-SCAP or with SCAP with no organism identified (p = 0.012, 0.023 and 0.007, respectively). Patients with P-SCAP had a Lower rate of treatment failure (p = 0.048) and tended to have Lower in-hospital and 30-day mortalities compared with those with non-P-SCAP. In a multivariate analysis, the history of neoplasm was the strongest independent factor for predicting 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 9.068; 95% confidence interval, 1.856-44.309). SCAP accounted for 24.5% of SCAP cases. P-SCAP was associated with Lower disease severity and a tendency toward better hospital outcomes compared with non-P-SCAP. (Korean J Med 2012;82:52-59)