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A novel actinobacterium, designated ASO4wetT, was isolated from the unidentified sponge (SO4) in the deep sea collected of the North Atlantic Ocean. Study of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ASO4wetT is a member of the genus Streptomyces and showed the closest similarities to Streptomyces karpasiensis K413T (98.87 %), Streptomyces glycovorans YIM M 10366T (98.38 %), and Streptomyces abyssalis YIM M 10400T (97.53 %). Strain ASO4wetT contained MK-9(H8) as the predominant menaquinone and the major fatty acids are iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0, and iso-C15:0. Polyphasic taxonomy was carried out between strain ASO4wetT and its phylogenetically closely related Streptomyces strains, which further elucidated their relatedness and revealed that strain ASO4wetT could be distinguished from currently known Streptomyces species. Strain ASO4wetT clearly represents a novel species in genus Streptomyces. We propose the name Streptomyces bathyalis sp. nov., with the type strain ASO4wetT (= DSM 106605T = NCCB 100657T). Analysis of the whole-genome sequence of S. bathyalis revealed that genome size is 7,377,472 bp with 6332 coding sequences.

Strains YIM M 10366T, YIM M 10378T and YIM M 10400T were isolated from marine sediments collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. All three isolates were able to grow optimally at pH 7.0, 28–37 °C and 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains are members of the genus Streptomyces , exhibiting moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.0–98.8 % to members of the most closely related Streptomyces species. Morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and compositions of whole-cell sugars and phospholipids are consistent with the diagnostic characteristics of the genus Streptomyces , but still allowed differentiation amongst the three strains and their neighbours. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strains YIM M 10366T, YIM M 10378T and YIM M 10400T were identified as members of three novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the names Streptomyces glycovorans sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10366T = DSM 42021T = CCTCC AA2010005T), Streptomyces xishensis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10378T = DSM 42022T = CCTCC AA 2010006T) and Streptomyces abyssalis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10400T = DSM 42024T = CCTCC AA 2010008T) are proposed.