Search

Your search keyword '"Stones DK"' showing total 29 results
Start Over Author "Stones DK"
29 results on '"Stones DK"'

1. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

Author

Alia, DB, Tandili, A, Paiva, L, Wime, AD, Chantada, GL, Fandino, AC, Sgroi, M, Papyan, R, Tamamyan, G, Camuglia, JE, Gole, GA, Clark, A, Lam, GC, Elder, JE, McKenzie, JD, Staffieri, SE, Jones, MM, Manudhane, R, Sia, D, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Schwab, C, Balayeva, R, Khan, Z, Nuruddin, M, Roy, SR, Rashid, R, Sultana, S, Shakoor, SA, Naumenko, L, Zhilyaeva, K, Bartoszek, P, Brichard, BG, De Potter, P, Bio, AIA, Salas, B, Coleoni Suarez, ME, Mbumba, FB, Bonanomi, MTBC, Donato Macedo, CR, Grigorovski, NDAK, Mattosinho, CCDS, Teixeira, LF, Oscar, AH, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Bouda, GC, Kabore, RL, Philbert, R, Evina, TGA, Nkumbe, HE, Kamsang, P, Muyen, OM, Dimaras, H, Mallipatna, A, Hamel, P, Superstein, R, Paton, KE, Strahlendorf, C, Palet, JEKK, Tyau-Tyau, H, Cavieres, I, Lopez, JP, Oporto, J, Ossandon, D, Chen, W, Xiang, D, Du, Y, Li, K, Ji, X, Tang, J, Li, C, Xu, B, Qian, J, Xue, K, Sun, X, Wang, Y-Z, Zhang, Y, Wu, S-Q, Xiao, Y, Yang, H, Ye, H, Polania, RA, Berete, RC, Couitchere, L, Peric, S, Alemany-Rubio, E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Autrata, R, Kepak, T, Pochop, P, Svojgr, K, Gregersen, PA, Urbak, SF, Montero, MM, Budiongo, A, Yanga, JM, Amani, TBK, Lukamba, RM, Numbi, MN, Calle Jara, DA, Villacis Chafla, EG, Sanchez, GL, Abouelnaga, S, Afifi, MA, Elhaddad, AM, Ali, AM, Elzembely, M, Said, AMA, Ziko, OAO, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Goenz, MA, Eerme, K, Klett, A, Hordofa, DF, Mengesha, AA, Sherief, ST, Kivela, TT, Nummi, K, Cassoux, N, Desjardins, L, Obono-Obiang, G, Kardava, T, Khotenashvili, Z, Bechrakis, NE, Biewald, EM, Schlueter, S, Ketteler, P, Amankwaa-Frempong, D, Essuman, VA, Paintsil, V, Renner, LA, Alejos, A, Giron, A, Carreras, YA, Fu, LD, Maldonado, C, Wong, ES, Yam, JC, Csoka, M, Maka, E, Aggarwal, P, Gupta, V, Bhaduri, A, Bhattacharyya, A, Das, A, Chawla, B, Das, P, Das, S, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Verma, N, Kaliki, S, Khetan, V, Maitra, P, Mahajan, A, Menon, V, Mishra, DKC, Palanivelu, MS, Ramanjulu, R, Mudaliar, SS, Nair, AG, Natarajan, S, Seth, R, Singh, U, Bhat, S, Dudeja, G, Tripathy, D, Akib, IMNR, Pagarra, H, Amiruddin, PO, Kuntorini, MW, Armytasari, I, Supriyadi, E, Sutyawan, IWE, Yuliawati, P, Lutfi, D, Soebagjo, HD, Rahman, A, Sitorus, RS, Victor, AA, Tehuteru, ES, Widiarti, W, Nency, YM, Faranoush, M, Mehrvar, A, Tashvighi, M, Sedaghat, A, Ghassemi, F, Khodabande, A, Abdulqader, RA, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al Ani, MH, Haydar, H, Al-Badri, SAF, Al-Jadiry, MF, Sabhan, AH, Al-Jumaily, U, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Al-Shammary, EH, Al-Janabi, ANH, Qadir, AO, Capra, M, Blum, S, Gomel, N, Fabian, ID, Goldberg, H, Kapelushnik, N, Madgar, S, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Frenkel, S, Pe'er, J, Gorfine, M, Refaeli, D, Steinberg, DM, Lavy, Y, Toledano, H, Caspi, S, De Francesco, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Ida, R, Valente, P, Midena, E, Parrozzani, R, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Vaughan, LO, Suzuki, S, Mohammad, MT, Yousef, YA, Manzhuova, L, Atsiaya, R, Matende, IO, Begimkulova, AS, Makimbetov, EK, Keomisy, J, Sayalith, P, Valeina, S, Viksnins, M, Al-Haddad, CE, Saab, RH, Alsawidi, KM, Elbahi, AM, Krivaitiene, D, Tateshi, B, Randrianarisoa, HL, Raobela, L, Msukwa, G, Nyirenda, C, Hamzah, N, Teh, KH, Sylla, F, Traore, F, Cheikh, SS, Zein, E, Perez, GG, Sanchez Orozco, AJ, Ortega-Hernandez, M, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Chuluunbat, T, Abdallah, E, Benmiloud, S, El Kettani, A, Hessissen, L, Almeida, AA, Limbu, B, Rajkarnikar, P, Saiju, R, Moll, AC, Wijsard, MVH, Cockcroft, RL, Ng, Y, Dodgshun, AJ, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Abdullahi, SU, Hassan, S, Umar, AB, Abdulrahaman, AA, Wali, AH, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Aghaji, AE, Ezegwui, IR, Akinsete, A, Musa, KO, Fasina, O, Ibanga, A, Nkanga, ED, Mustapha, T, Ribadu, D, Hummelen, M, Ahmad, A, Mushtaq, A, Qayyum, S, Chaudhry, S, Fadoo, Z, Jeeva, I, Masud, S, Hamid, SA, Zia, N, Siddiqui, SN, Janjua, T, Yaqub, MA, Khaqan, HA, Quintero D, K, Yee, R, Jairaj, V, Cano, MR, Fernandez, DDPG, Diaz Coronado, RY, Zapata Lopez, AM, Garcia, JL, Ponce, J, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Pascual Morales, CR, Vasquez Anchaya, JK, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Alcasabas, APA, Mercado, GJ, Cieslik, K, Hautz, W, Rogowska, A, Castela, G, Silva, S, Jo, DH, Kim, JH, Comsa, C, Dragomir, MD, Neroev, V, Saakyan, S, Polyakov, V, Ushakova, TL, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Theophile, T, Al Mesfer, S, Maktabi, A, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alkatan, HM, Moreira, C, Roth, PAN, Ilic, VR, Nikitovic, M, Latinovic, S, Quah, B, Tan, D, Hederova, S, Husakova, K, Groznik, AL, Pompe, MT, Davidson, A, Du Bruyn, M, Du Plessis, J, Stones, DK, Geel, JA, Myezo, KH, Kruger, M, Mayet, I, Naidu, G, Naidu, N, Mustak, H, Reynders, D, Wetter, J, Alarcon Portabella, S, Martin-Begue, N, Wolley Dod, C, Balaguer, J, Barranco, H, Catala-Mora, J, Correa Llano, MG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Garcia Aldana, D, Peralta Calvo, J, San Roman Pacheco, S, Gunasekera, DS, Elhassan, MMA, Mohamedani, AA, All-Eriksson, C, Bartuma, K, Popovic, MB, Munier, FL, Liu, C-H, Chiwanga, FS, Kyara, A, Mndeme, FG, Msina, MS, Scanlan, TA, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Buaboonnam, J, Dangboon, W, Singha, P, Hongeng, S, Kulvichit, K, Rojanaporn, D, Surukrattanaskul, S, Wangtiraumnuay, N, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Wongwai, P, Sharma, MK, Guedenon, KM, Bouguila, H, Atalay, HT, Hasanreisoglu, M, Ataseven, E, Kantar, M, Gunduz, AK, Kebudi, R, Kiratli, H, Koc, I, Tuncer, S, Unal, E, Kalinaki, A, Matua, M, Waddell, K, Musika, AA, Ssali, G, Al Harby, L, Reddy, MA, Astbury, NJ, Bascaran, C, Bowman, R, Burton, MJ, Foster, A, Zondervan, M, Sagoo, MS, Bobrova, N, Sorochynska, T, Lysytsia, L, Castillo, L, Afshar, AR, Berry, JL, Kim, JW, Randhawa, JK, Binkley, E, Boldt, HC, Larson, SA, Brennan, RC, Chandramohan, A, Stacey, AW, Corson, TW, Plager, DA, Davanzo, JM, Singh, AD, Demirci, H, Ericksen, C, Magrath, GN, Gold, AS, Murray, TG, Gonzalez, E, Shah, AS, Hansen, ED, Hartnett, ME, Harbour, JW, Hubbard, GB, Uner, OE, Laurenti, KD, Mets, MB, Leverant, AA, Ramasubramanian, A, Luna-Fineman, S, Miller, A, Skalet, AH, Mruthyunjaya, P, Hassan, M, Oliver, SC, Shields, CL, Yaghy, A, Stahl, ED, Wilson, MW, Villegas, VM, Islamov, Z, Usmanov, RH, Graells, J, Romero, L, Pham, CTM, Trang, DL, Al-Hussaini, HH, Thawaba, ADM, Muma, KIM, Nyaywa, M, Alia, DB, Tandili, A, Paiva, L, Wime, AD, Chantada, GL, Fandino, AC, Sgroi, M, Papyan, R, Tamamyan, G, Camuglia, JE, Gole, GA, Clark, A, Lam, GC, Elder, JE, McKenzie, JD, Staffieri, SE, Jones, MM, Manudhane, R, Sia, D, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Schwab, C, Balayeva, R, Khan, Z, Nuruddin, M, Roy, SR, Rashid, R, Sultana, S, Shakoor, SA, Naumenko, L, Zhilyaeva, K, Bartoszek, P, Brichard, BG, De Potter, P, Bio, AIA, Salas, B, Coleoni Suarez, ME, Mbumba, FB, Bonanomi, MTBC, Donato Macedo, CR, Grigorovski, NDAK, Mattosinho, CCDS, Teixeira, LF, Oscar, AH, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Bouda, GC, Kabore, RL, Philbert, R, Evina, TGA, Nkumbe, HE, Kamsang, P, Muyen, OM, Dimaras, H, Mallipatna, A, Hamel, P, Superstein, R, Paton, KE, Strahlendorf, C, Palet, JEKK, Tyau-Tyau, H, Cavieres, I, Lopez, JP, Oporto, J, Ossandon, D, Chen, W, Xiang, D, Du, Y, Li, K, Ji, X, Tang, J, Li, C, Xu, B, Qian, J, Xue, K, Sun, X, Wang, Y-Z, Zhang, Y, Wu, S-Q, Xiao, Y, Yang, H, Ye, H, Polania, RA, Berete, RC, Couitchere, L, Peric, S, Alemany-Rubio, E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Autrata, R, Kepak, T, Pochop, P, Svojgr, K, Gregersen, PA, Urbak, SF, Montero, MM, Budiongo, A, Yanga, JM, Amani, TBK, Lukamba, RM, Numbi, MN, Calle Jara, DA, Villacis Chafla, EG, Sanchez, GL, Abouelnaga, S, Afifi, MA, Elhaddad, AM, Ali, AM, Elzembely, M, Said, AMA, Ziko, OAO, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Goenz, MA, Eerme, K, Klett, A, Hordofa, DF, Mengesha, AA, Sherief, ST, Kivela, TT, Nummi, K, Cassoux, N, Desjardins, L, Obono-Obiang, G, Kardava, T, Khotenashvili, Z, Bechrakis, NE, Biewald, EM, Schlueter, S, Ketteler, P, Amankwaa-Frempong, D, Essuman, VA, Paintsil, V, Renner, LA, Alejos, A, Giron, A, Carreras, YA, Fu, LD, Maldonado, C, Wong, ES, Yam, JC, Csoka, M, Maka, E, Aggarwal, P, Gupta, V, Bhaduri, A, Bhattacharyya, A, Das, A, Chawla, B, Das, P, Das, S, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Verma, N, Kaliki, S, Khetan, V, Maitra, P, Mahajan, A, Menon, V, Mishra, DKC, Palanivelu, MS, Ramanjulu, R, Mudaliar, SS, Nair, AG, Natarajan, S, Seth, R, Singh, U, Bhat, S, Dudeja, G, Tripathy, D, Akib, IMNR, Pagarra, H, Amiruddin, PO, Kuntorini, MW, Armytasari, I, Supriyadi, E, Sutyawan, IWE, Yuliawati, P, Lutfi, D, Soebagjo, HD, Rahman, A, Sitorus, RS, Victor, AA, Tehuteru, ES, Widiarti, W, Nency, YM, Faranoush, M, Mehrvar, A, Tashvighi, M, Sedaghat, A, Ghassemi, F, Khodabande, A, Abdulqader, RA, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al Ani, MH, Haydar, H, Al-Badri, SAF, Al-Jadiry, MF, Sabhan, AH, Al-Jumaily, U, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Al-Shammary, EH, Al-Janabi, ANH, Qadir, AO, Capra, M, Blum, S, Gomel, N, Fabian, ID, Goldberg, H, Kapelushnik, N, Madgar, S, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Frenkel, S, Pe'er, J, Gorfine, M, Refaeli, D, Steinberg, DM, Lavy, Y, Toledano, H, Caspi, S, De Francesco, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Ida, R, Valente, P, Midena, E, Parrozzani, R, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Vaughan, LO, Suzuki, S, Mohammad, MT, Yousef, YA, Manzhuova, L, Atsiaya, R, Matende, IO, Begimkulova, AS, Makimbetov, EK, Keomisy, J, Sayalith, P, Valeina, S, Viksnins, M, Al-Haddad, CE, Saab, RH, Alsawidi, KM, Elbahi, AM, Krivaitiene, D, Tateshi, B, Randrianarisoa, HL, Raobela, L, Msukwa, G, Nyirenda, C, Hamzah, N, Teh, KH, Sylla, F, Traore, F, Cheikh, SS, Zein, E, Perez, GG, Sanchez Orozco, AJ, Ortega-Hernandez, M, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Chuluunbat, T, Abdallah, E, Benmiloud, S, El Kettani, A, Hessissen, L, Almeida, AA, Limbu, B, Rajkarnikar, P, Saiju, R, Moll, AC, Wijsard, MVH, Cockcroft, RL, Ng, Y, Dodgshun, AJ, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Abdullahi, SU, Hassan, S, Umar, AB, Abdulrahaman, AA, Wali, AH, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Aghaji, AE, Ezegwui, IR, Akinsete, A, Musa, KO, Fasina, O, Ibanga, A, Nkanga, ED, Mustapha, T, Ribadu, D, Hummelen, M, Ahmad, A, Mushtaq, A, Qayyum, S, Chaudhry, S, Fadoo, Z, Jeeva, I, Masud, S, Hamid, SA, Zia, N, Siddiqui, SN, Janjua, T, Yaqub, MA, Khaqan, HA, Quintero D, K, Yee, R, Jairaj, V, Cano, MR, Fernandez, DDPG, Diaz Coronado, RY, Zapata Lopez, AM, Garcia, JL, Ponce, J, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Pascual Morales, CR, Vasquez Anchaya, JK, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Alcasabas, APA, Mercado, GJ, Cieslik, K, Hautz, W, Rogowska, A, Castela, G, Silva, S, Jo, DH, Kim, JH, Comsa, C, Dragomir, MD, Neroev, V, Saakyan, S, Polyakov, V, Ushakova, TL, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Theophile, T, Al Mesfer, S, Maktabi, A, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alkatan, HM, Moreira, C, Roth, PAN, Ilic, VR, Nikitovic, M, Latinovic, S, Quah, B, Tan, D, Hederova, S, Husakova, K, Groznik, AL, Pompe, MT, Davidson, A, Du Bruyn, M, Du Plessis, J, Stones, DK, Geel, JA, Myezo, KH, Kruger, M, Mayet, I, Naidu, G, Naidu, N, Mustak, H, Reynders, D, Wetter, J, Alarcon Portabella, S, Martin-Begue, N, Wolley Dod, C, Balaguer, J, Barranco, H, Catala-Mora, J, Correa Llano, MG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Garcia Aldana, D, Peralta Calvo, J, San Roman Pacheco, S, Gunasekera, DS, Elhassan, MMA, Mohamedani, AA, All-Eriksson, C, Bartuma, K, Popovic, MB, Munier, FL, Liu, C-H, Chiwanga, FS, Kyara, A, Mndeme, FG, Msina, MS, Scanlan, TA, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Buaboonnam, J, Dangboon, W, Singha, P, Hongeng, S, Kulvichit, K, Rojanaporn, D, Surukrattanaskul, S, Wangtiraumnuay, N, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Wongwai, P, Sharma, MK, Guedenon, KM, Bouguila, H, Atalay, HT, Hasanreisoglu, M, Ataseven, E, Kantar, M, Gunduz, AK, Kebudi, R, Kiratli, H, Koc, I, Tuncer, S, Unal, E, Kalinaki, A, Matua, M, Waddell, K, Musika, AA, Ssali, G, Al Harby, L, Reddy, MA, Astbury, NJ, Bascaran, C, Bowman, R, Burton, MJ, Foster, A, Zondervan, M, Sagoo, MS, Bobrova, N, Sorochynska, T, Lysytsia, L, Castillo, L, Afshar, AR, Berry, JL, Kim, JW, Randhawa, JK, Binkley, E, Boldt, HC, Larson, SA, Brennan, RC, Chandramohan, A, Stacey, AW, Corson, TW, Plager, DA, Davanzo, JM, Singh, AD, Demirci, H, Ericksen, C, Magrath, GN, Gold, AS, Murray, TG, Gonzalez, E, Shah, AS, Hansen, ED, Hartnett, ME, Harbour, JW, Hubbard, GB, Uner, OE, Laurenti, KD, Mets, MB, Leverant, AA, Ramasubramanian, A, Luna-Fineman, S, Miller, A, Skalet, AH, Mruthyunjaya, P, Hassan, M, Oliver, SC, Shields, CL, Yaghy, A, Stahl, ED, Wilson, MW, Villegas, VM, Islamov, Z, Usmanov, RH, Graells, J, Romero, L, Pham, CTM, Trang, DL, Al-Hussaini, HH, Thawaba, ADM, Muma, KIM, and Nyaywa, M

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS: We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS: The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0-36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8-100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5-93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3-82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76-50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to

Published
2022

2. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level

Author

Fabian, ID, Abdallah, E, Abdullahi, SU, Abdulqader, RA, Boubacar, SA, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Afshar, AR, Aggarwal, P, Aghaji, AE, Ahmad, A, Akib, MNR, Al Harby, L, Al Ani, MH, Alakbarova, A, Portabella, SA, Al-Badri, SAF, Alcasabas, APA, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alejos, A, Alemany-Rubio, E, Bio, AIA, Carreras, YA, Al-Haddad, C, Al-Hussaini, HHY, Ali, AM, Alia, DB, Al-Jadiry, MF, Al-Jumaly, U, Alkatan, HM, All-Eriksson, C, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Almeida, AA, Alsawidi, KM, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al-Shammary, EH, Amiruddin, PO, Antonino, R, Astbury, NJ, Atalay, HT, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Atsiaya, R, Attaseth, T, Aung, TH, Ayala, S, Baizakova, B, Balaguer, J, Balayeva, R, Balwierz, W, Barranco, H, Bascaran, C, Popovic, MB, Benavides, R, Benmiloud, S, Guebessi, NB, Berete, RC, Berry, JL, Bhaduri, A, Bhat, S, Biddulph, SJ, Biewald, EM, Bobrova, N, Boehme, M, Boldt, HC, Bonanomi, MTBC, Bornfeld, N, Bouda, GC, Bouguila, H, Boumedane, A, Brennan, RC, Brichard, BG, Buaboonnam, J, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Calle Jara, DA, Camuglia, JE, Cano, MR, Capra, M, Cassoux, N, Castela, G, Castillo, L, Catala-Mora, J, Chantada, GL, Chaudhry, S, Chaugule, SS, Chauhan, A, Chawla, B, Chernodrinska, VS, Chiwanga, FS, Chuluunbat, T, Cieslik, K, Cockcroft, RL, Comsa, C, Correa, ZM, Correa Llano, MG, Corson, TW, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Csoka, M, Cui, X, Da Gama, I, Dangboon, W, Das, A, Das, S, Davanzo, JM, Davidson, A, De Potter, P, Delgado, KQ, Demirci, H, Desjardins, L, Diaz Coronado, RY, Dimaras, H, Dodgshun, AJ, Donaldson, C, Donato Macedo, CR, Dragomir, MD, Du, Y, Du Bruyn, M, Edison, KS, Sutyawan, IWE, El Kettani, A, Elbahi, AM, Elder, JE, Elgalaly, D, Elhaddad, AM, Elhassan, MMA, Elzembely, MM, Essuman, VA, Evina, TGA, Fadoo, Z, Fandino, AC, Faranoush, M, Fasina, O, Fernandez, DDPG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Foster, A, Frenkel, S, Fu, LD, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Gallie, BL, Gandiwa, M, Garcia, JL, Garcia Aldana, D, Gassant, PY, Geel, JA, Ghassemi, F, Giron, A, Gizachew, Z, Goenz, MA, Gold, AS, Goldberg-Lavid, M, Gole, GA, Gomel, N, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalez Perez, G, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Graells, J, Green, L, Gregersen, PA, Grigorovski, NDAK, Guedenon, KM, Gunasekera, DS, Gunduz, AK, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Hamel, P, Hamid, SA, Hamzah, N, Hansen, ED, Harbour, JW, Hartnett, ME, Hasanreisoglu, M, Hassan, S, Hederova, S, Hernandez, J, Carcamo Hernandez, LM, Hessissen, L, Hordofa, DF, Huang, LC, Hubbard, GB, Hummlen, M, Husakova, K, Al-Janabi, ANH, Ida, R, Ilic, VR, Jairaj, V, Jeeva, I, Jenkinson, H, Ji, X, Jo, DH, Johnson, KP, Johnson, WJ, Jones, MM, Kabesha, TBA, Kabore, RL, Kaliki, S, Kalinaki, A, Kantar, M, Kao, L-Y, Kardava, T, Kebudi, R, Kepak, T, Keren-Froim, N, Khan, ZJ, Khaqan, HA, Khauv, P, Kheir, WJ, Khetan, V, Khodabande, A, Khotenashvili, Z, Kim, JW, Kim, JH, Kiratli, H, Kivela, TT, Klett, A, Palet, JEKK, Krivaitiene, D, Kruger, M, Kulvichit, K, Kuntorini, MW, Kyara, A, Lachmann, ES, Lam, CPS, Lam, GC, Larson, SA, Latinovic, S, Laurenti, KD, Le, BHA, Lecuona, K, Leverant, AA, Li, C, Limbu, B, Quah, BL, Lopez, JP, Lukamba, RM, Lumbroso, L, Luna-Fineman, S, Lutfi, D, Lysytsia, L, Magrath, GN, Mahajan, A, Majeed, AR, Maka, E, Makan, M, Makimbetov, EK, Manda, C, Martin Begue, N, Mason, L, Mason, JO, Matende, IO, Materin, M, Mattosinho, CCDS, Matua, M, Mayet, I, Mbumba, FB, McKenzie, JD, Medina-Sanson, A, Mehrvar, A, Mengesha, AA, Menon, V, Mercado, GJVD, Mets, MB, Midena, E, Mishra, DKC, Mndeme, FG, Mohamedani, AA, Mohammad, MT, Moll, AC, Montero, MM, Morales, RA, Moreira, C, Mruthyunjaya, P, Msina, MS, Msukwa, G, Mudaliar, SS, Muma, K, Munier, FL, Murgoi, G, Murray, TG, Musa, KO, Mushtaq, A, Mustak, H, Muyen, OM, Naidu, G, Nair, AG, Naumenko, L, Roth, PAN, Nency, YM, Neroev, V, Ngo, H, Nieves, RM, Nikitovic, M, Nkanga, ED, Nkumbe, H, Nuruddin, M, Nyaywa, M, Obono-Obiang, G, Oguego, NC, Olechowski, A, Oliver, SCN, Osei-Bonsu, P, Ossandon, D, Paez-Escamilla, MA, Pagarra, H, Painter, SL, Paintsil, V, Paiva, L, Pal, BP, Palanivelu, MS, Papyan, R, Parrozzani, R, Parulekar, M, Morales, CRP, Paton, KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska, K, Pe'er, J, Pena, A, Peric, S, Pham, CTM, Philbert, R, Plager, DA, Pochop, P, Polania, RA, Polyakov, VG, Pompe, MT, Pons, JJ, Prat, D, Prom, V, Purwanto, I, Qadir, AO, Qayyum, S, Qian, J, Rahman, A, Rahman, S, Rahmat, J, Rajkarnikar, P, Ramanjulu, R, Ramasubramanian, A, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Raobela, L, Rashid, R, Reddy, MA, Reich, E, Renner, LA, Reynders, D, Ribadu, D, Riheia, MM, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Rojanaporn, D, Romero, L, Roy, SR, Saab, RH, Saakyan, S, Sabhan, AH, Sagoo, MS, Said, AMA, Saiju, R, Salas, B, San Roman Pacheco, S, Sanchez, GL, Sayalith, P, Scanlan, TA, Schefler, AC, Schoeman, J, Sedaghat, A, Seregard, S, Seth, R, Shah, AS, Shakoor, SA, Sharma, MK, Sherief, ST, Shetye, NG, Shields, CL, Siddiqui, SN, Cheikh, SS, Silva, S, Singh, AD, Singh, N, Singh, U, Singha, P, Sitorus, RS, Skalet, AH, Soebagjo, HD, Sorochynska, T, Ssali, G, Stacey, AW, Staffieri, SE, Stahl, ED, Stathopoulos, C, Kranjc, BS, Stones, DK, Strahlendorf, C, Suarez, MEC, Sultana, S, Sun, X, Sundy, M, Superstein, R, Supriyadi, E, Surukrattanaskul, S, Suzuki, S, Svojgr, K, Sylla, F, Tamamyan, G, Tan, D, Tandili, A, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Tashvighi, M, Tateshi, B, Tehuteru, ES, Teixeira, LF, Teh, KH, Theophile, T, Toledano, H, Trang, DL, Traore, F, Trichaiyaporn, S, Tuncer, S, Tyau-Tyau, H, Umar, AB, Unal, E, Uner, OE, Urbak, SF, Ushakova, TL, Usmanov, RH, Valeina, S, Wijsard, MVH, Varadisai, A, Vasquez, L, Vaughan, LO, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Verma, N, Victor, AA, Viksnins, M, Villacos Chafla, EG, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Vora, T, Wachtel, AE, Wackernagel, W, Waddell, K, Wade, PD, Wali, AH, Wang, Y-Z, Weiss, A, Wilson, MW, Wime, ADC, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Dod, CW, Wongwai, P, Xiang, D, Xiao, Y, Yam, JC, Yang, H, Yanga, JM, Yaqub, MA, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Ye, H, Yousef, YA, Yuliawati, P, Zapata Lopez, AM, Zein, E, Zhang, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zheng, X, Zhilyaeva, K, Zia, N, Ziko, OAO, Zondervan, M, Bowman, R, Fabian, ID, Abdallah, E, Abdullahi, SU, Abdulqader, RA, Boubacar, SA, Ademola-Popoola, DS, Adio, A, Afshar, AR, Aggarwal, P, Aghaji, AE, Ahmad, A, Akib, MNR, Al Harby, L, Al Ani, MH, Alakbarova, A, Portabella, SA, Al-Badri, SAF, Alcasabas, APA, Al-Dahmash, SA, Alejos, A, Alemany-Rubio, E, Bio, AIA, Carreras, YA, Al-Haddad, C, Al-Hussaini, HHY, Ali, AM, Alia, DB, Al-Jadiry, MF, Al-Jumaly, U, Alkatan, HM, All-Eriksson, C, Al-Mafrachi, AARM, Almeida, AA, Alsawidi, KM, Al-Shaheen, AASM, Al-Shammary, EH, Amiruddin, PO, Antonino, R, Astbury, NJ, Atalay, HT, Atchaneeyasakul, L-O, Atsiaya, R, Attaseth, T, Aung, TH, Ayala, S, Baizakova, B, Balaguer, J, Balayeva, R, Balwierz, W, Barranco, H, Bascaran, C, Popovic, MB, Benavides, R, Benmiloud, S, Guebessi, NB, Berete, RC, Berry, JL, Bhaduri, A, Bhat, S, Biddulph, SJ, Biewald, EM, Bobrova, N, Boehme, M, Boldt, HC, Bonanomi, MTBC, Bornfeld, N, Bouda, GC, Bouguila, H, Boumedane, A, Brennan, RC, Brichard, BG, Buaboonnam, J, Calderon-Sotelo, P, Calle Jara, DA, Camuglia, JE, Cano, MR, Capra, M, Cassoux, N, Castela, G, Castillo, L, Catala-Mora, J, Chantada, GL, Chaudhry, S, Chaugule, SS, Chauhan, A, Chawla, B, Chernodrinska, VS, Chiwanga, FS, Chuluunbat, T, Cieslik, K, Cockcroft, RL, Comsa, C, Correa, ZM, Correa Llano, MG, Corson, TW, Cowan-Lyn, KE, Csoka, M, Cui, X, Da Gama, I, Dangboon, W, Das, A, Das, S, Davanzo, JM, Davidson, A, De Potter, P, Delgado, KQ, Demirci, H, Desjardins, L, Diaz Coronado, RY, Dimaras, H, Dodgshun, AJ, Donaldson, C, Donato Macedo, CR, Dragomir, MD, Du, Y, Du Bruyn, M, Edison, KS, Sutyawan, IWE, El Kettani, A, Elbahi, AM, Elder, JE, Elgalaly, D, Elhaddad, AM, Elhassan, MMA, Elzembely, MM, Essuman, VA, Evina, TGA, Fadoo, Z, Fandino, AC, Faranoush, M, Fasina, O, Fernandez, DDPG, Fernandez-Teijeiro, A, Foster, A, Frenkel, S, Fu, LD, Fuentes-Alabi, SL, Gallie, BL, Gandiwa, M, Garcia, JL, Garcia Aldana, D, Gassant, PY, Geel, JA, Ghassemi, F, Giron, A, Gizachew, Z, Goenz, MA, Gold, AS, Goldberg-Lavid, M, Gole, GA, Gomel, N, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalez Perez, G, Gonzalez-Rodriguez, L, Garcia Pacheco, HN, Graells, J, Green, L, Gregersen, PA, Grigorovski, NDAK, Guedenon, KM, Gunasekera, DS, Gunduz, AK, Gupta, H, Gupta, S, Hadjistilianou, T, Hamel, P, Hamid, SA, Hamzah, N, Hansen, ED, Harbour, JW, Hartnett, ME, Hasanreisoglu, M, Hassan, S, Hederova, S, Hernandez, J, Carcamo Hernandez, LM, Hessissen, L, Hordofa, DF, Huang, LC, Hubbard, GB, Hummlen, M, Husakova, K, Al-Janabi, ANH, Ida, R, Ilic, VR, Jairaj, V, Jeeva, I, Jenkinson, H, Ji, X, Jo, DH, Johnson, KP, Johnson, WJ, Jones, MM, Kabesha, TBA, Kabore, RL, Kaliki, S, Kalinaki, A, Kantar, M, Kao, L-Y, Kardava, T, Kebudi, R, Kepak, T, Keren-Froim, N, Khan, ZJ, Khaqan, HA, Khauv, P, Kheir, WJ, Khetan, V, Khodabande, A, Khotenashvili, Z, Kim, JW, Kim, JH, Kiratli, H, Kivela, TT, Klett, A, Palet, JEKK, Krivaitiene, D, Kruger, M, Kulvichit, K, Kuntorini, MW, Kyara, A, Lachmann, ES, Lam, CPS, Lam, GC, Larson, SA, Latinovic, S, Laurenti, KD, Le, BHA, Lecuona, K, Leverant, AA, Li, C, Limbu, B, Quah, BL, Lopez, JP, Lukamba, RM, Lumbroso, L, Luna-Fineman, S, Lutfi, D, Lysytsia, L, Magrath, GN, Mahajan, A, Majeed, AR, Maka, E, Makan, M, Makimbetov, EK, Manda, C, Martin Begue, N, Mason, L, Mason, JO, Matende, IO, Materin, M, Mattosinho, CCDS, Matua, M, Mayet, I, Mbumba, FB, McKenzie, JD, Medina-Sanson, A, Mehrvar, A, Mengesha, AA, Menon, V, Mercado, GJVD, Mets, MB, Midena, E, Mishra, DKC, Mndeme, FG, Mohamedani, AA, Mohammad, MT, Moll, AC, Montero, MM, Morales, RA, Moreira, C, Mruthyunjaya, P, Msina, MS, Msukwa, G, Mudaliar, SS, Muma, K, Munier, FL, Murgoi, G, Murray, TG, Musa, KO, Mushtaq, A, Mustak, H, Muyen, OM, Naidu, G, Nair, AG, Naumenko, L, Roth, PAN, Nency, YM, Neroev, V, Ngo, H, Nieves, RM, Nikitovic, M, Nkanga, ED, Nkumbe, H, Nuruddin, M, Nyaywa, M, Obono-Obiang, G, Oguego, NC, Olechowski, A, Oliver, SCN, Osei-Bonsu, P, Ossandon, D, Paez-Escamilla, MA, Pagarra, H, Painter, SL, Paintsil, V, Paiva, L, Pal, BP, Palanivelu, MS, Papyan, R, Parrozzani, R, Parulekar, M, Morales, CRP, Paton, KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska, K, Pe'er, J, Pena, A, Peric, S, Pham, CTM, Philbert, R, Plager, DA, Pochop, P, Polania, RA, Polyakov, VG, Pompe, MT, Pons, JJ, Prat, D, Prom, V, Purwanto, I, Qadir, AO, Qayyum, S, Qian, J, Rahman, A, Rahman, S, Rahmat, J, Rajkarnikar, P, Ramanjulu, R, Ramasubramanian, A, Ramirez-Ortiz, MA, Raobela, L, Rashid, R, Reddy, MA, Reich, E, Renner, LA, Reynders, D, Ribadu, D, Riheia, MM, Ritter-Sovinz, P, Rojanaporn, D, Romero, L, Roy, SR, Saab, RH, Saakyan, S, Sabhan, AH, Sagoo, MS, Said, AMA, Saiju, R, Salas, B, San Roman Pacheco, S, Sanchez, GL, Sayalith, P, Scanlan, TA, Schefler, AC, Schoeman, J, Sedaghat, A, Seregard, S, Seth, R, Shah, AS, Shakoor, SA, Sharma, MK, Sherief, ST, Shetye, NG, Shields, CL, Siddiqui, SN, Cheikh, SS, Silva, S, Singh, AD, Singh, N, Singh, U, Singha, P, Sitorus, RS, Skalet, AH, Soebagjo, HD, Sorochynska, T, Ssali, G, Stacey, AW, Staffieri, SE, Stahl, ED, Stathopoulos, C, Kranjc, BS, Stones, DK, Strahlendorf, C, Suarez, MEC, Sultana, S, Sun, X, Sundy, M, Superstein, R, Supriyadi, E, Surukrattanaskul, S, Suzuki, S, Svojgr, K, Sylla, F, Tamamyan, G, Tan, D, Tandili, A, Tarrillo Leiva, FF, Tashvighi, M, Tateshi, B, Tehuteru, ES, Teixeira, LF, Teh, KH, Theophile, T, Toledano, H, Trang, DL, Traore, F, Trichaiyaporn, S, Tuncer, S, Tyau-Tyau, H, Umar, AB, Unal, E, Uner, OE, Urbak, SF, Ushakova, TL, Usmanov, RH, Valeina, S, Wijsard, MVH, Varadisai, A, Vasquez, L, Vaughan, LO, Veleva-Krasteva, NV, Verma, N, Victor, AA, Viksnins, M, Villacos Chafla, EG, Vishnevskia-Dai, V, Vora, T, Wachtel, AE, Wackernagel, W, Waddell, K, Wade, PD, Wali, AH, Wang, Y-Z, Weiss, A, Wilson, MW, Wime, ADC, Wiwatwongwana, A, Wiwatwongwana, D, Dod, CW, Wongwai, P, Xiang, D, Xiao, Y, Yam, JC, Yang, H, Yanga, JM, Yaqub, MA, Yarovaya, VA, Yarovoy, AA, Ye, H, Yousef, YA, Yuliawati, P, Zapata Lopez, AM, Zein, E, Zhang, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zheng, X, Zhilyaeva, K, Zia, N, Ziko, OAO, Zondervan, M, and Bowman, R

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. OBJECTIVES: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. RESULTS: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis

Published
2020

3. Childhood cancer incidence in South Africa, 1987 - 2007

Author

Stefan, DC, Stones, DK, Wainwright, RD, Kruger, M, Davidson, A, Poole, J, Hadley, GP, Forman, D, Colombet, M, and Steliarova-Foucher, E

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer is an emerging problem in Africa. Its extent is hazy because data are scarce, but it should be addressed. This is the first report from the South African Children's Tumour Registry (SACTR), which covers the whole of South Africa (SA). It provides minimal estimates of cancer incidence and discusses the challenges of cancer surveillance and control in a child population in a middle-income country. Only about 2% of the African population is covered by cancer registries producing comparable incidence data. OBJECTIVE: To present and interpret incidence patterns and trends of childhood cancer over a 21-year period. The results should raise awareness of the problem of childhood cancer in an African population and provide sensible data for taking this problem in hand. METHODS: All eligible and validated cancer cases registered in the SACTR over the period 1987 - 2007 and classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer were included. Population data were retrieved from official sources and estimated for the population subcategories. Incidence rates were standardised to the world standard and time trends were evaluated using joinpoint models, adjusting for sex and age. RESULTS: Based on the 11 699 cases, the overall age-standardised average annual incidence rate was 45 per million. Threefold differences in the overall incidence rates were observed between the ethnic groups, ranging from 116 for whites to 37 for black Africans, and they differed by diagnostic group. Differences between the nine provinces of SA relate to the ethnic composition and prevailing socioeconomic status. The overall incidence rate declined by 1.2% per year for the whole country (p

Published
2015

5. Spinal cord disease in children with malignancies: Clinical cases and literature review

Author

Rautenbach, K and Stones, DK

Abstract

Spinal cord disease in children with known or suspected malignancy is an oncological emergency because it commonly implies malignant spinal cord compression (SCC). Since the outcome of SCC is primarily determined by the patient’s neurological status at treatment initiation, the goal must be to establish the underlying diagnosis before development of irreversible spinal cord damage. A high index of suspicion is key to early diagnosis; it is therefore mandatory that all health care workers involved in the care of children should have a basic acquaintance with this potentially catastrophic condition. Four cases of children with malignancies and spinal cord pathology are presented. Current knowledge of this condition is reviewed.

Published
2011

7. Prognostic factors affecting survival in children and adolescents with HIV and Hodgkin lymphoma in South Africa.

Author

Geel JA, Eyal KC, Hendricks MG, Myezo KH, Stones DK, Omar F, Goga Y, van Zyl A, van Emmenes B, Vaithilingum M, Irusen S, Bandini RM, Wedi O, Rowe B, Ballot DE, and Metzger ML

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Humans, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, South Africa epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, Hodgkin Disease diagnosis, Hodgkin Disease therapy
Abstract

South African children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have low 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. In this retrospective multicenter study, 271 South African pediatric patients with HL were studied to determine OS and prognostic factors in those with HIV and HL. Univariate risk factor analysis was performed to analyze prognostic factors. The 29 HIV-infected patients were younger ( p  = .021), more likely to present with wasting (0.0573), stunting (0.0332), and Stage IV disease ( p  = .000) than HIV-uninfected patients. The 5- and 10-year OS of HIV-infected patients of 49% and 45% versus 84% and 79%, respectively for HIV-uninfected patients ( p  = .0001) appeared to be associated with hypoalbuminemia (<20 g/dL) and CD4 percentage of <15%. Causes of death in the HIV-infected group included disease progression (6/14), infection (4/14), unknown (3/14), and second malignancy (1/14). HIV-infected pediatric patients with HL experience increased mortality due to post-therapy opportunistic and nosocomial infections.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries.

Author

Fabian ID, Stacey AW, Foster A, Kivelä TT, Munier FL, Keren-Froim N, Gomel N, Cassoux N, Sagoo MS, Reddy MA, Harby LA, Zondervan M, Bascaran C, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Boubacar SA, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Aghaji AE, Portabella SA, Alfa Bio AI, Ali AM, Alia DB, All-Eriksson C, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atsiaya R, Balaguer J, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Popovic MB, Benmiloud S, Guebessi NB, Berete RC, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Blum S, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brichard BG, L MC, Castela G, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Cieslik K, Comsa C, Correa Llano MG, Csóka M, Da Gama IV, Davidson A, Potter P, Desjardins L, Dragomir MD, Bruyn MD, Kettani AE, Elbahi AM, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Ali Elhassan MM, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fasina O, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Gandiwa M, Aldana DG, Geel JA, Gizachew Z, Gregersen PA, Guedenon KM, Hadjistilianou T, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jenkinson H, Amani Kabesha TB, Kabore RL, Kalinaki A, Kapelushnik N, Kardava T, Kemilev PK, Kepak T, Khotenashvili Z, Klett A, Kosh Komba Palet JE, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Latinović S, Lecuona K, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Lysytsia L, Maka E, Makan M, Manda C, Begue NM, Matende IO, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, Mengesha AA, Midena E, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Moll AC, Moreira C, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Muma KI, Murgoi G, Musa KO, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Neroev V, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oscar AH, Osei-Bonsu P, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Perić S, Philbert R, Pochop P, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Raobela L, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Saakyan S, Said AM, Román Pacheco SS, Scanlan TA, Schoeman J, Seregard S, Sherief ST, Cheikh SS, Silva S, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stathopoulos C, Kranjc BS, Stones DK, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tandili A, Tateshi B, Theophile T, Traoré F, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Valeina S, Hoefen Wijsard MV, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Viksnins M, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali Nigeria AH, Wime AD, Dod CW, Yanga JM, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Zein E, Sharabi S, Zhilyaeva K, Ziko OA, and Bowman R

Subjects
Africa epidemiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Risk Factors, Retinal Neoplasms diagnosis, Retinal Neoplasms epidemiology, Retinoblastoma diagnosis, Retinoblastoma epidemiology
Abstract

Background: The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe., Methods: A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries., Results: Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease., Conclusions: Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Describing the evolution of myeloid-derived leucocytes in treated B-lineage paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a data-driven granulocyte-monocyte-blast model.

Author

Bolton L, Acho TM, Stones DK, and Hui C

Subjects
Adolescent, Cell Lineage, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Granulocyte-Macrophage Progenitor Cells pathology, Granulocytes pathology, Humans, Infant, Leukocyte Count, Male, Mathematical Concepts, Monocytes pathology, Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma blood, Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma therapy, Retrospective Studies, Leukocytes pathology, Models, Biological, Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma pathology
Abstract

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with a compromised myeloid system. Understanding the state of granulopoiesis in a patient during treatment, places the clinician in an advantageous position. Mathematical models are aids able to present the clinician with insight into the behaviour of myeloid-derived leucocytes. The main objective of this investigation was to determine whether a proposed model of ALL during induction therapy would be a usable descriptor of the system. The model assumes the co-occurrence of the independent leukaemic and normal marrow populations. It is comprised of four delay-differential equations, capturing the fundamental characteristics of the blood and bone marrow myeloid leucocytes and B-lineage lymphoblasts. The effect of treatment was presumed to amplify cell loss within both populations. Clinical data was used to inform the construction, calibration and examination of the model. The model is promising-presenting a good foundation for the development of a clinical supportive tool. The predicted parameters and forecasts aligned with clinical expectations. The starting assumptions were also found to be sound. A comparative investigation highlighted the differing responses of similarly diagnosed patients during treatment and further testing on patient data emphasized patient specificity. Model examination recommended the explicit consideration of the suppressive effects of treatment on the normal population production. Additionally, patient-related factors that could have resulted in such different responses between patients need to be considered. The parameter estimates require refinement to incorporate the action of treatment. Furthermore, the myeloid populations require separate consideration. Despite the model providing explanation, incorporating these recommendations would enhance both model usability and predictive capacity., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Author

Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Al Harby L, Al Ani MH, Alakbarova A, Portabella SA, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad C, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amiruddin PO, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Attaseth T, Aung TH, Ayala S, Baizakova B, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Bascaran C, Beck Popovic M, Benavides R, Benmiloud S, Bennani Guebessi N, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Boldt HC, Bonanomi MTBC, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chaugule SS, Chauhan A, Chawla B, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa ZM, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Cui X, Da Gama IV, Dangboon W, Das A, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Potter P, Delgado KQ, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Diaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donaldson C, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Edison KS, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Gallie BL, Gandiwa M, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Gassant PY, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Gizachew Z, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg-Lavid M, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Garcia Pacheco HN, Graells J, Green L, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hernandez J, Hernandez LMC, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Huang LC, Hubbard GB, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jairaj V, Jeeva I, Jenkinson H, Ji X, Jo DH, Johnson KP, Johnson WJ, Jones MM, Kabesha TBA, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kantar M, Kao LY, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Kepak T, Keren-Froim N, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khauv P, Kheir WJ, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivelä TT, Klett A, Komba Palet JEK, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Lam CPS, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinovic S, Laurenti KD, Le BHA, Lecuona K, Leverant AA, Li C, Limbu B, Long QB, López JP, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Majeed AR, Maka E, Makan M, Makimbetov EK, Manda C, Martín Begue N, Mason L, Mason JO 3rd, Matende IO, Materin M, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Medina-Sanson A, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJVD, Mets MB, Midena E, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Morales RA, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KI, Munier FL, Murgoi G, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Nair AG, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ngo H, Nieves RM, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oliver SCN, Osei-Bonsu P, Ossandon D, Paez-Escamilla MA, Pagarra H, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Pal BP, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Pe'er J, Peña A, Peric S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Prat D, Prom V, Purwanto I, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Rahman A, Rahman S, Rahmat J, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy MA, Reich E, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schefler AC, Schoeman J, Sedaghat A, Seregard S, Seth R, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shetye NG, Shields CL, Siddiqui SN, Sidi Cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh N, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Stathopoulos C, Stirn Kranjc B, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Sundy M, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Teh KH, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Trichaiyaporn S, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Varadisai A, Vasquez L, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Vora T, Wachtel AE, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Weiss A, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wongwai P, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, and Bowman R

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Retinoblastoma economics, Retinoblastoma epidemiology
Abstract

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale., Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis., Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017., Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis., Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68])., Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Treatment outcomes of children with Hodgkin lymphoma between 2000 and 2010: First report by the South African Children's Cancer Study Group.

Author

Geel JA, Chirwa TC, Rowe B, Eyal KC, Omar F, Stones DK, Goga Y, Stefan DC, van Zyl A, Van Emmenes B, Wedi O, Vaithilingum M, and Hendricks MG

Subjects
Adolescent, Bleomycin administration & dosage, Child, Child, Preschool, Dacarbazine administration & dosage, Disease-Free Survival, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, South Africa epidemiology, Survival Rate, Vinblastine administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols administration & dosage, Hodgkin Disease drug therapy, Hodgkin Disease mortality
Abstract

Background: Children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have excellent survival rates in high-income countries, but there are minimal outcome data in South African patients. Differing approaches to treatment are used in centres across South Africa, and the South African Children's Cancer Study Group (SACCSG) embarked on a programme to audit outcomes to improve survival rates., Patients and Methods: A multicentre study was conducted to analyse outcomes and prognostic factors of children with HL in South Africa. Ten dedicated South African paediatric oncology units participated in a retrospective data review. All patients with HL treated consecutively between January 2000 and December 2010 were included. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression model were employed to determine survival rates and prognostic factors., Results: Two hundred and ninety-four patients were eligible for inclusion. The median age at presentation was 9.6 years (range 2.9-18.8); 55.4% of the patients presented with Stage III and IV disease and 9.9% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. First-line therapy consisted of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) in 158 patients, vincristine, procarbazine/etoposide, prednisone and doxorubicin in 97 and adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine-chlorambucil, vinblastine, prednisone and procarbazine in 23 patients. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 79% (95% confidence interval 73-84%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HIV infection (P = 0.018) and Ann Arbor Stage III and IV disease (P = 0.006) conferred a poor prognosis, while treatment with ABVD was associated with higher survival rates (P = 0.028)., Conclusion: OS rates are encouraging for a middle-income country, although economic disparities continue to impact negatively on outcomes. Study results will form the basis for the development of national protocol and continued advocacy to rectify disparities., (© 2017 The Authors. Pediatric Blood & Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Childhood cancer incidence in South Africa, 1987-2007.

Author

Stefan DC, Stones DK, Wainwright RD, Kruger M, Davidson A, Poole J, Hadley GP, Forman D, Colombet M, and Steliarova-Foucher E

Abstract

Background: Childhood cancer is an emerging problem in Africa. Its extent is hazy because data are scarce, but it should be addressed. This is the first report from the South African Children's Tumour Registry (SACTR), which covers the whole of South Africa (SA). It provides minimal estimates of cancer incidence and discusses the challenges of cancer surveillance and control in a child population in a middle-income country. Only about 2% of the African population is covered by cancer registries producing comparable incidence data., Objective: To present and interpret incidence patterns and trends of childhood cancer over a 21-year period. The results should raise awareness of the problem of childhood cancer in an African population and provide sensible data for taking this problem in hand., Methods: All eligible and validated cancer cases registered in the SACTR over the period 1987-2007 and classified according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer were included. Population data were retrieved from official sources and estimated for the population subcategories. Incidence rates were standardised to the world standard and time trends were evaluated using joinpoint models, adjusting for sex and age., Results: Based on the 11,699 cases, the overall age-standardised average annual incidence rate was 45 per million. Threefold differences in the overall incidence rates were observed between the ethnic groups, ranging from 116 for whites to 37 for black Africans, and they differed by diagnostic group. Differences between the nine provinces of SA relate to the ethnic composition and prevailing socioeconomic status. The overall incidence rate declined by 1.2% per year for the whole country (p<0.01). However, the decline was mainly observed during the first few years of the study period, after which rates stabilised or increased., Conclusions: Diagnosis and notification of childhood cancer should improve. The differences in incidence between ethnic groups suggest the priorities for cancer control.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. The impact of ethnicity on wilms tumor: characteristics and outcome of a South african cohort.

Author

Stones DK, Hadley GP, Wainwright RD, and Stefan DC

Abstract

Background. Nephroblastoma is the commonest renal tumour seen in children. It has a good prognosis in developed countries with survival rates estimated to be between 80% and 90%, while in Africa it remains low. Method. Retrospective study of patients diagnosed with nephroblastoma who are seen at 4 paediatric oncology units, representing 58.5% of all South African children with nephroblastoma and treated following SIOP protocol between January 2000 and December 2010. Results. A total of 416 patients were seen at the 4 units. Over 80% of our patients were African and almost 10% of mixed ethnicity. The most common stage was stage 4. The median survival was 28 months after diagnosis with the mixed ethnicity patients recording the longest duration (39 months) and the white patients had the shortest median survival. The overall 5-year survival rate was estimated to be 66%. Stage 2 patients did significantly better (85%). Conclusions. Our patients are similar with regard to gender ratio, median age, and age distribution as described in the literature, but in South Africa the more advanced stage disease seen than in other developed countries is translated into low overall survival rate.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Childhood cancer survival rates in two South African units.

Author

Stones DK, De Bruin GP, Esterhuizen TM, and Stefan DC

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Delayed Diagnosis adverse effects, Delayed Diagnosis prevention & control, Ethnicity statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Neoplasm Staging, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, South Africa epidemiology, Survival Rate, Antineoplastic Protocols, Neoplasms classification, Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms ethnology, Neoplasms therapy
Abstract

Introduction: Childhood cancer is relatively rare, but there is a very good chance of cure. While overall survival rates of >70% are reported from developed countries, survival is much less likely in developing countries and unknown in many countries in Africa., Objective: To analyse survival rates of childhood cancers in two South African paediatric oncology units., Methods: This retrospective review included all children (0 - 15 years) admitted with a malignancy at two paediatric oncology units (Universitas Hospital Academic Complex in Bloemfontein, Free State, and Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town, Western Cape) between 1987 and 2011. The protocols used in the units were similar, and all the diagnoses were confirmed histologically., Results: There were 3 241 children, 53.5% of whom were males. Median follow-up was 17 months. The most common cancers were leukaemia (25.0%), brain tumours (19.5%), lymphoma (13.0%) and nephroblastoma (10.0%). The prevalences of neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma were similar at 5.8% and 5.7%, respectively. Overall survival was calculated to be 52.1%. Lymphoma and nephroblastoma had the highest survival rates at 63.9% and 62.6%, respectively. Brain tumours had the lowest survival rate at 46.4%. A comparison between ethnic groups showed white children to have the highest survival rate (62.8%); the rate for children of mixed racial origin was 53.8% and that for black children 48.5%., Conclusions: Overall survival rates for children admitted to two paediatric cancer units in South Africa were lower than data published from developed countries, because many children presented with advanced disease. New strategies to improve cancer awareness are urgently required.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Malignancies in South African children with HIV.

Author

Davidson A, Wainwright RD, Stones DK, Kruger M, Hendricks M, Geel J, Poole J, Reynders D, Omar F, Mathew R, and Stefan DC

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Retrospective Studies, South Africa epidemiology, HIV Infections complications, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms virology
Abstract

Objectives: In 2008 the South African Children's Cancer Study Group decided to review the epidemiology, management, and chemotherapy response of HIV-positive children with malignancy., Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected from the records of HIV-positive children diagnosed with malignancy at 7 university-based pediatric oncology units serving 8 of the 9 provinces in South Africa., Results: Two hundred eighty-eight HIV-positive children were diagnosed with 289 malignancies between 1995 and 2009. Age at diagnosis ranged from 17 days to 18.64 years; median 5.79 years. Of the 220 HIV-associated malignancies, there were 97 Kaposi sarcomas, 61 Burkitt lymphomas, 47 other B-cell lymphomas including 2 primary central nervous system lymphomas, 12 Hodgkin lymphomas, and 3 leiomyosarcomas. Sixty-nine patients presented with non-AIDS-defining malignancies. More than 80% presented with advanced disease. Most patients (76.7%) were naive to antiretroviral therapy; 22.2% did not have access because it only became available in public hospitals in 2004. One hundred ninety-seven children were treated with curative intent; 91 received palliative care due to advanced malignancy and/or advanced HIV disease. Nearly one third had coexisting pathology, mostly tuberculosis. Overall survival for the whole group was 33.7%, but was 57.8% for those treated with antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy., Conclusions: The study shows more Kaposi sarcoma and fewer primary central nervous system lymphomas among HIV-positive children than that is reported in the developed world, but confirms a higher incidence of non-Burkitt B-cell lymphoma than in HIV-negative children. The high number of non-AIDS-defining malignancies underscores the prevalence of HIV-AIDS in South Africa. The overall survival should improve with universal access to antiretrovirals and earlier diagnosis.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Children with cancer and HIV infection: what is different about them?

Author

Stefan DC and Stones DK

Subjects
Age Distribution, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Child, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sex Distribution, South Africa epidemiology, Treatment Outcome, HIV Infections complications, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms virology
Abstract

Background: Children with HIV and cancer show an excess of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leiomyosarcoma when compared with children with malignancy but without HIV. This study aimed at: (1) comparing the distribution of various cancers in South African children with malignancies and HIV versus children with malignancies but without HIV and (2) comparing the outcomes after therapy., Procedure: This is a retrospective comparative study of 84 black children with cancer and HIV, consecutively admitted at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town and Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, between 1995 and 2010, compared with 570 HIV-negative black children with malignant diseases, consecutively admitted at the 2 hospitals, between 2002 and 2010. Variables studied included age, sex ratio, number of cases of each malignancy, length of follow-up, treatment abandonment, and mortality. The statistical significance was tested with the Student t test and χ test for P≤0.05. Kaplan-Meyer survival curves were constructed., Results: The most frequent cancer was Kaposi sarcoma (39.3%), seen exclusively in children with HIV. Burkitt lymphoma was found more often (20.2%) in the HIV-positive group than in the HIV-negative one (2.8%, P<0.0001). Leiomyosarcoma, described as the second most frequent neoplasm encountered in HIV-positive children, was found in this series only once. The survival figures are much worse in the HIV-positive group: 26.2% versus 47.7% (P<0.0001), mainly due to drug toxicity., Conclusions: Kaposi sarcoma and Burkitt lymphoma occurred more often in children with HIV. These children have a lower tolerance of chemotherapy, even when combined with HAART.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. The South African Paediatric Tumour Registry - 25 years of activity.

Author

Stefan DC and Stones DK

Subjects
Adolescent, Age Distribution, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Risk Factors, South Africa epidemiology, Child Health Services organization & administration, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Neoplasms epidemiology, Neoplasms therapy, Registries statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The South African Children's Tumour Registry was established 25 years ago as it was essential to collect data on malignant disease in the paediatric population that can be used for statistical research in an efficient and sustainable way. The Registry is a useful and significant repository of specific paediatric data, along with the recently revitalised National Cancer Registry, to serve the needs of the cancer research community.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Kaposi sarcoma in South African children.

Author

Stefan DC, Stones DK, Wainwright L, and Newton R

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anti-Retroviral Agents therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Bleomycin administration & dosage, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Cohort Studies, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, HIV Infections diagnosis, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sarcoma, Kaposi mortality, South Africa, Survival Rate, Vinblastine administration & dosage, Vincristine administration & dosage, Viral Load, Young Adult, Sarcoma, Kaposi diagnosis, Sarcoma, Kaposi drug therapy
Abstract

Background: The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) in sub-Saharan Africa, increased tens of times since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. There is, however, very little literature concerning the clinical features of this disease, its management and outcome in HIV-positive children in Africa. This study describes retrospectively the clinical presentation of the malignancy, its management and outcome, in a series of HIV-positive children., Patients and Methods: Seventy children with KS and HIV infection were admitted consecutively from January 1998 to December 2009 in South African hospitals. Clinical data were extracted from tumor registries and patient records and analyzed., Results: The average age in this series was 73 months. The males/females ratio was 1.59:1. Skin lesions were present in 36 out of 63 cases (57.14%), followed by lymph node lesions (28 cases, 44.44%). The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count was 440 (SD = 385). The average CD4+ percentage was 12.20% (SD = 9.13). Only 14 patients (20%) were taking combined antiretrovirals at the time of diagnosis; a further 35 were given HIV treatment after diagnosis. Thirty-two patients (45.71%) survived only 4 months on average; 10 were lost to follow-up; and 28 (40%) were alive, with an average follow-up of 16 months. Antiretrovirals improved survival (P = 0.001)., Conclusions: The often present skin lesions facilitated the diagnosis; lymphadenopathy was less frequently seen than skin lesions. Antiretroviral drugs were associated with higher survival rate. The mortality remains high in spite of antiretrovirals and cytostatics., (Copyright © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Sialoblastoma and hepatoblastoma in a newborn infant.

Author

Stones DK, Jansen JC, and Griessel D

Subjects
Fatal Outcome, Hepatoblastoma therapy, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Liver Neoplasms therapy, Male, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal therapy, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary therapy, Parotid Neoplasms therapy, Hepatoblastoma diagnosis, Liver Neoplasms diagnosis, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal diagnosis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary diagnosis, Parotid Neoplasms diagnosis
Abstract

We report a case of a newborn infant who had simultaneous sialoblastoma and hepatoblastoma tumours at birth. The diagnoses were made on post mortem examination. Both of these are rare tumours in the neonatal period., ((c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Calvarial tuberculosis.

Author

Stones DK and Schoeman CJ

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Fatal Outcome, Humans, Male, Radiography, Risk Assessment, Severity of Illness Index, South Africa, Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular complications, Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular therapy, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary complications, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary therapy, Tuberculosis, Spinal complications, Tuberculosis, Spinal diagnostic imaging, Tuberculosis, Spinal drug therapy, Skull, Thoracic Vertebrae, Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular diagnostic imaging, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary diagnostic imaging
Abstract

Tuberculosis of the skull is very rare. We report on two children: one presented with orbital and scalp swellings and was found to have lytic lesions on skull X-ray, while the other presented with chronic discharging scalp ulcers typical of tuberculosis of the scalp and also showed lytic skull lesions. Both patients had evidence of vertebral and lung tuberculosis.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Colon carcinoma in African children.

Author

Stones DK and McGill N

Subjects
Adenocarcinoma drug therapy, Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adolescent, Africa, Age of Onset, Child, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms surgery, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Treatment Outcome, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Colonic Neoplasms pathology
Published
2003
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Fanconi anemia. a statistical evaluation of cytogenetic results obtained from South African families.

Author

Pearson T, Jansen S, Havenga C, Stones DK, and Joubert G

Subjects
Case-Control Studies, Cells, Cultured, Epoxy Compounds pharmacology, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Genetic Carrier Screening, Homozygote, Humans, Lymphocytes drug effects, Mitomycin pharmacology, South Africa, Fanconi Anemia genetics
Abstract

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder showing progressive bone marrow failure, and various phenotypic abnormalities. The lymphocytes show an increased sensitivity to the clastogenic agents diepoxybutane (DEB) or mytomycin C (MMC), measured as chromosomal aberrations. Statistical analysis of chromosome aberration yield showed that: (i) differentiation between obligate carriers and the control group was not possible; (ii) homozygotes were clearly distinguishable from heterozygotes as well as from controls by analyzing only 20 metaphase spreads per person; (iii) most of the FA patients had only one cell line present as measured by distribution of chromosomal damage among cells analyzed; (iv) and when the DEB sensitivity of a patient was high, the amount of cells without damage was low.

Published
2001
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Factor IX deficiency and anaphylaxis.

Author

Stones DK and McGill N

Subjects
Anaphylaxis therapy, Child, Humans, Male, Anaphylaxis etiology, Factor IX adverse effects, Hemophilia B therapy
Published
2000

24. Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome in an African patient.

Author

Stones DK and Ferreira M

Subjects
Female, Humans, Infant, Malabsorption Syndromes congenital, Proteinuria complications, Anemia, Megaloblastic etiology, Gastroenteritis complications, Malabsorption Syndromes complications, Vitamin B 12 Deficiency complications
Abstract

Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) is a rare cause of megaloblastic anaemia in young children. We wish to report the first case described from Africa. The diagnosis of IGS was made on the findings of a low vitamin B12 level, mild proteinuria, and a vitamin B12 absorption test unaffected by the intrinsic factor. The patient responded well to treatment with intramuscular vitamin B12.

Published
1999
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. "Vincristine overdosage in paediatric patients".

Author

Stones DK

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Drug Overdose, Humans, Hypertension chemically induced, Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction chemically induced, Male, Seizures chemically induced, Vomiting chemically induced, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic adverse effects, Medication Errors, Vincristine administration & dosage, Vincristine adverse effects
Published
1998
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy.

Author

Stones DK and Havenga C

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Eyelid Diseases etiology, Female, Histiocytosis, Sinus blood, Humans, Infant, Male, Platelet Count, Thrombocytosis etiology, Histiocytosis, Sinus complications, Lymphatic Diseases etiology
Abstract

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a well recognised, but rare cause of lymphadenopathy in the first decade of life. Three cases presenting with nodal disease are described. The eyelids were involved in one case. The clinical, laboratory, and biopsy findings are discussed and compared with previously reported cases.

Published
1992
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Salmonella meningitis. A report of 4 cases.

Author

Stones DK, Alheit A, and Fouché M

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Meningitis cerebrospinal fluid, Meningitis diagnosis, Meningitis microbiology, Salmonella isolation & purification, Meningitis etiology, Salmonella Infections
Abstract

Four cases of salmonella meningitis occurring in young children from an area in which typhoid fever is endemic are described. The paucity of clinical signs and misleading initial lumbar puncture results in some cases are outlined, and the clinical picture, treatment and mortality are discussed.

Published
1981

28. Computerized tomography in pneumatocoeles after paraffin ingestion.

Author

Stones DK, van Niekerk CH, and Cilliers C

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Cysts diagnostic imaging, Humans, Infant, Pneumonia diagnostic imaging, Cysts chemically induced, Paraffin poisoning, Pneumonia chemically induced, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

Paraffin pneumonia is a common form of poisoning but pneumatocoeles are an uncommon complication. This is a report of the computerized tomography (CT) of seven patients who developed pneumatocoeles after the ingestion of paraffin. The finding on the CT are presented and the situation and characteristics of the pneumatocoeles are indicated.

Published
1987
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Pneumatoceles as a complication of paraffin pneumonia.

Author

Stones DK, van Niekerk CH, and Cilliers C

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Lung diagnostic imaging, Male, Pneumonia, Aspiration diagnostic imaging, Radiography, Time Factors, Cysts chemically induced, Lung Diseases chemically induced, Paraffin poisoning, Pneumonia, Aspiration chemically induced
Abstract

Paraffin pneumonia is a common form of poisoning, but pneumatoceles are an uncommon complication. This is a report of 6 patients who developed pneumatoceles after the ingestion of paraffin. These children's ages varied from under 18 months to 4 years; they were clinically more ill and were hospitalised longer than those who did not develop pneumatoceles. The pneumatoceles were discovered at the earliest on day 6 and, although extensive and in 2 cases bilateral, caused no clinical impairment of respiratory function. The pneumatoceles appear to resolve spontaneously but this may take more than 200 days.

Published
1987

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results