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2. Structures, processes and outcomes between first referral and referral hospitals in low-income and middle-income countries: a secondary preplanned analysis of the FALCON and ChEETAh randomised trials
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Rajeev Sharma, Neha Mishra, Simon Cousens, Sanjay Gupta, Thomas Pinkney, Neil Smart, Jonathan Cook, David Jayne, Hemanth Kumar, Peter Brocklehurst, Mohammed Bashir, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Philip Alexander, Laura Magill, Mark Monahan, Rachel Moore, Stephen Tabiri, Joseph Yorke, Dion Morton, Aneel Bhangu, Bryar Kadir, Naveen Sharma, Punam Mistry, Joshua Arthur, Muneer A Malik, Tracy Roberts, Elisee Rwagahirima, Christian Urimubabo, Ewen Harrison, Vijay Kumar, Julia Brown, Pollyanna Hardy, Amit Mahajan, Pratik Solanki, James Glasbey, Himani Gupta, Omar Omar, Joana Simoes, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Omolara Faboya, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Anita Thomas, David Lissauer, Zainab Imam, George Ihediwa, Zainab O Imam, Felix M Alakaloko, Pradeep Zechariah, Suraj Surendran, Olatunji O Lawal, Mohammed Adnan, Savleen Kaur, Faustin Ntirenganya, JC Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Emmy Runigamugabo, Djifid Morel Seto, Paul Wondoh, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Florence Dedey, Enoch Tackie, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Anthony Davor, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Muhammad Daniyan, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Adedeji Fatuga, Muzzammil Abdullahi, Manish Pathak, Prashant Singh, Rita Jain, Kwaku Boakye-Yiadom, Kazeem Atobatele, Ayokunle Ogunyemi, Olabode Oshodi, Christopher Bode, Omobolaji O Ayandipo, Akinlabi E Ajao, Godwin Akaba, Gabriella Hyman, Deepak Singh, Olukemi Akande, Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah, Naseem Akhtar, José A Flores, Donna Smith, Olatunji Lawal, Hadijat Olaide Raji, Zafar Khan, Matthew Francis, Emmanuel Williams, Pardeep Kumar, Oliver Samuel, María Paz Muñoz, Arun Chaturvedi, Sameer Gupta, Puneet Prakash, John Raphael, Funmilola Wuraola, Olalekan Olasehinde, Murlidhar V Pai, Deepak Jain, Anwar Sadat Seidu, Victor Ifeanyichukwu Modekwe, Jideofor Okechukwu Ugwu, Lukmon Amosu, Akan Inyang, Michael Amoah, Boateng Nimako, Dhruva Ghosh, Neil Winkles, Olabisi O Osagie, Karolin Kroese, Olubunmi Ogein, Mustapha Yakubu, Vasanth Mark Samuel, Cecil Thomas, Enono Yhoshu, Vishal Michael, William Bhatti, Swati Daniel, Jyoti Dhiman, Atul Suroy, Christopher O Bode, George C Ihediwa, Adaiah Soibi-Harry, Benedetto Osunwusi, Elizabeth Li, Sonia Mathai, Deepak Singla, Farhanul Huda, Aisha Mustapha, Anisah Yahya, Samuel Mensah, Puneet Pareek, Bernard Ofori, Souliath Lawani, Oluwafunmilayo Adeniyi, Opeyemi Rebecca Akinajo, Richard Ofosu-Akromah, Olumide Adeniyi, Adewale O. Adisa, Natacha Boumas, Fareeda Galley, Frank Enoch Gyamfi Parvez D Haque, Antonio Ramos de la Medina, Chukwuma Okereke, Ronald Tubasime, Felicity Brant, Sohini Chakrabortee, Parvez D Haque, Emily Heritage, Carmela Lapitan, Rachel Lillywhite, Pierre Sodonougbo, Pamphile Assouto, Michel Fiogbe, Houenoukpo Koco, Serge Metchinhoungbe, Hodonou Sogbo, Hulrich Behanzin, Yannick Tandje, Sosthène Kangni, Cyrile Kpangon, Marcelin Akpla, Hugues Herve Chobli, Blaise Kovohouande, Gérard Agboton, Rene Ahossi, Raoul Baderha Ngabo, Nathan Bisimwa, Covalic Melic Bokossa Kandokponou, Mireille Dokponou, Francis Moïse Dossou, Corinne Dzemta, Antoine Gaou, Roland Goudou, Emmanuel Hedefoun, Sunday Houtoukpe, Felix Kamga, Eric Kiki- Migan, Ismaïl Lawani, René Loko, Afissatou Moutaïrou, Pencome Ogouyemi, Fouad Soumanou, Pia Tamadaho, Mack-Arthur Zounon, Luke Aniakwo Adagrah, Bin Baaba Alhaji Alhassan, Mabel Pokuah Amoako-Boateng, Anthony Baffour Appiah, Alvin Asante-Asamani, Benedict Boakye, Samuel A Debrah, Donald Enti, Rahman Adebisi Ganiyu, Patience Koggoh, Richard Kpankpari, Isabella Naa M. Opandoh, Meshach Agyemang Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku Manu, Martin Tangnaa Morna, John Nkrumah, Michael Nortey, Emmanuel Owusu Ofori, Elizaberth Mercy Quartson, Esther Adjei-Acquah, Eric Agyemang Vera Agyekum, Rebecca Adjeibah Akesseh, Forster Amponsah-Manu, Ato Oppong Acquah, Leslie Issa Adam-Zakariah, Esther Asabre, Ruby Acheampong Boateng, Barbara Koomson, Ataa Kusiwaa, Emmanuel Yaw Twerefour, James Ankomah, Frank Assah-Adjei, Anthony Appiah Boakye, Godfred Fosu, Godwin Serbeh, Kofi Yeboah Gyan, Isaac Omane Nyarko, Zelda Robertson, Ralph Armah, Christopher Asare, Delali Akosua Gakpetor, Victoria Sena Gawu, Ambe Obbeng, Doris Ofosuhene, Dorcas Osei-Poku, Diana Puozaa, Arkorful Ebenezer Temitope, Regina Acquah, James Amoako, Akosua Dwamena Appiah, Mark Aseti, Charles Banka, Samuel Dadzie, Derick Essien, Romeo Hussey, Jemima Kwarteng, Naa Anyekaa Sowah, Grace Yeboah, Cynthia Yeboah, Kwame Gyambibi Addo, Enoch Appiah Akosa, Percy Boakye, Christian Larbi Coompson, Brian Gyamfi, Bismark Effah Kontor, Christian Kyeremeh, Ruth Manu, Elijah Mensah, Friko Ibrahim Solae, Gideon Kwasi Toffah, Dorcas Otuo Acheampong, Jane Acquaye, Michael Adinku, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Emmanuel Gyimah Amankwa, George Amoah, Juliana Appiah, Alex Ayim, Emmanuel Kafui Ayodeji, Jonathan Boakye-Yiadom, Edward Amoah Boateng, Christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong, Naabo Nuhu Noel Hamidu, Iddrisu Haruna, Naa Kwarley, Agbenya Kobla Lovi, Bertina Beauty Nyadu, Dominic Opoku, Anita Osabutey, Robert Sagoe, Samuel Tuffour, Yaa Tufour, Francis Akwaw Yamoah, Abiboye Cheduko Yefieye, Nii Armah Adu-Aryee, Faisal Adjei, Erica Akoto, Elikem Ametefe, Joachim Kwaku Amoako, Godsway Solomon Attepor, George Darko Brown, Benjamin Fenu, Philemon Kwame Kumassah, David Olatayo Olayiwola, Theodore Wordui, Nelson Agboadoh, Fatao Abubakari, Cletus Ballu, Charles Gyamfi Barimah, Guy Casskey Boateng, Prosper Tonwisi Luri, Abraham Titigah, Frank Owusu, Raphael Adu-Brobbey, Abdul-Hamid Labaran, Junior Atta Owusu, Vivian Adobea, Amos Bennin, Fred Dankwah, Stanley Doe, Ruth Sarfo Kantanka, Ephraim Kobby, Kennedy Kofi Korankye Hanson Larnyor, Edwin Osei, Prince Yeboah Owusu, Clement Ayum Sie-Broni, Marshall Zume, Francis Atindaana Abantanga, Darling Ramatu Abdulai, Daniel Kwesi Acquah, Emmanuel Ayingayure, Imoro Osman, Sheba Kunfah, Gbana Limann, Shamudeen Alhassan Mohammed, Sheriff Mohammed, Yakubu Musah, Emmanuel Abem Owusu, Abdul-Hafiz Saba, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang Yenli, Arun Gautham, Alice Hepzibah, Grace Mary, Dimple Bhatti, Karan Bir, Tapasya Dhar, Sunita Goyal, Goyal Ankush, Monika Hans, Parvez Haque, Samuel Konda, Anil Luther, Shalini Makkar, Kavita Mandrelle, Partho Mukherjee, Reuben Rajappa, Ravinder Thind, Alen Thomas, Arti Tuli, Sreejith Veetil, Esther Daniel Mark Jesudason, K Priyadarshini, Latha Madankumar, Rohin Mittal, Ida Nagomy, Rajesh Selvakumar, Bharat Shankar, Moonish Sivakumar, Rajeevan Sridhar, Devabalan Titus, Manisha Aggarwal, Parth Dhamija, Vinoth Kanna, Ashwani Kumar, Gurtaj Singh, Josy Thomas, Amos Dasari, Priya Jacob, Elizabeth Kurien, Arpit Mathew, Danita Prakash, Anju Susan, Rose Varghese, Rahul Alpheus, Ashish Choudhrie, Nitin Peters, Subrat Raul, Rakesh Vakil, Wenceslao Ángeles Bueno, Francisco Barbosa Camacho, Aldo Bernal Hernández, Ana Bogurin Arellano, Edgar Cortes Torres, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Erick González García de Rojas, Alejandro González Ojeda, Bertha Guzmán Ramírez, Michel Hernández Valadez, Diego Luna Acevedo, Rubén Morán Galaviz, Oscar Olvera Flores, José Pérez Navarro, Kevin Pintor Belmontes, Fernando Ramirez Marbello, Luis Ramírez-González, Laura Reyes Aguirre, Ramona Rojas García, Eduardo Valtierra Robles, Reyes Cervantes Ortiz, Gonzalo Hernandez Gonzalez, Rosa Hernandez Krauss, Luis Hernández Miguelena, Marco Hurtado Romero, Isaac Baltazar Gomez, Celina Cuellar Aguirre, Alejandro Cuevas Avendaño, Luis Dominguez Sansores, Hector Ortiz Mejia, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del Campo, Claudia Caballero Cerdan, David Dominguez Solano, Rafael Toriz Garcia, Mariana Barreto Gallo, Ana Cortes Flores, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Monica Jimenez Velasco, Rozana Reyes Gamez, Roque Lincona Menindez, Alberto Navarrete Peón, Irani Durán Sánchez, Diana Gonzalez Vazquez, Maria Martínez Lara, Laura Martinez Perez Maldonado, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la Fuente, Antonio Ramos De la Medina, Khadija Ado, Mohammed Aliyu, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Mahmoud Magashi, Abubakar Muhammad, Saminu Muhammad, Bello Muideen, Idris Takai, Onyekachi Ukata, Opeoluwa Adesanya, David Awonuga, Olushola Fasiku, Chidiebere Ogo, Moruf Abdulsalam, Abimbola Adeniran, Grace Eke, Esther Momson, Francisca Nwaenyi, Olufunmilade Omisanjo, Yusuf Oshodi, Yemisi Oyewole, Omotade Salami, Omolara Williams, Victoria Adeleye, Opeyemi Akinajo, David Akinboyewa, Iyabo Alasi, Oluwole Atoyebi, Olanrewaju Balogun, Orimisan Belie, Andrew Ekwesianya, Francis Ezenwankwo, Adesola Jimoh, Jubril Kuku, Oluwaseun Ladipo- Ajayi, Ayomide Makanjuola, Olayanju Mokwenyei, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Ojewola, Abraham Oladimeji, Thomas Olajide, Oluwaseun Oluseye, Aloy Ugwu, Ochomma Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Ekwunife, Victor Modekwe, Chukwuemeka Okoro, Chisom Uche, Kenneth Ugwuanyi, Chuka Ugwunne, Akeem Adeleke, Wilson Adenikinju, Akinfolarin Adepiti, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Samuel Ajekwu, Olusegun Ajenjfuja, Jerrie Akindojutimi, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Olusegun Alatise, Olubukola Allen, Micheal Archibong, Olukayode Arowolo, Deborah Ayantona, Ademola Ayinde, Olusegun Badejoko, Tajudeen Badmus, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Emeka Igbodike, Omotade Ijarotimi, Adedayo Lawal, Fayowole Nana, Tunde Oduanafolabi, Olaniyi Olayemi, Stephen Omitinde, Owolabi Oni, Chigozie Onyeze, Ernest Orji, Adewale Rotimi, Abdulkadir Salako, Olufemi Solaja, Oluwaseun Sowemimo, Ademola Talabi, Mohammed Tajudeen, Francis Adebayo, Oseremen Aisuodionoe- Shadrach, Lazarus Ameh, Ndubuisi Mbajiekwe, Felix Ogbo, Samson Olori, Samuel Sani Abu Sadiq, Nancy Tabuanu, Martins Uanikhoba, Godwin Chiejina, Ekpo Edet, Mary Isa, Faith Iseh, Adams Marwa, Sunday Ogbeche, Edima Olory, Gabriel Udie, Joseph Udosen, Usang Usang, Olukayode Abayomi, Rukiyat Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adebayo, Olanrewaju Amusat, Kelvin Egbuchulem, Hyginus Ekwuazi, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Lawal, Solomon Olagunju, Peter Osuala, Bamidele Suleman, Augustine Takure, Lukman Abdur-Rahman, Nurudeen Adeleke, Muideen Adesola, Rafiat Afolabi, Sulaiman Agodirin, Isiaka Aremu, Jibril Bello, Saheed Lawal, Abdulwahab Lawal, Hadijat Raji, Olayinka Sayomi, Asimiyu Shittu, Jude Ede, Sebastian Ekenze, Vincent Enemuo, Matthew Eze, Uchechukwu Ezomike, Emmanuel Izuka, Okezie Mbadiwe, Ngozi Mbah, Uba Ezinne, Iweha Ikechukwu, Okoi Nnyonno, Philemon Okoro, Igwe Patrick, Oriji Vaduneme, Abhulimen Victor, Salathiel Kanyarukiko, Francine Mukaneza, Deborah Mukantibaziyaremye, Aphrodis Munyaneza, Gibert Ndegamiye, Ronald Tubasiime, Moses Dusabe, Emelyne Izabiriza, Hope Lydia Maniraguha, Christophe Mpirimbanyi, Josiane Mutuyimana, Olivier Mwenedata, Francine Uwizeyimana, Job Zirikana, Aime Dieudonne Hirwa, Elysee Kabanda, Salomee Mbonimpaye, Christine Mukakomite, Piolette Muroruhirwe, Georges Bucyibaruta, Gisele Juru Bunogerane, Sosthene Habumuremyi, Jean de Dieu Haragirimana, Alphonsine Imanishimwe, Violette Mukanyange, Emmanuel Munyaneza, Emmanuel Mutabazi, Isaie Ncogoza, Jeannette Nyirahabimana, Mary Augusta Adams, Richard Crawford, Chikwendu Jeffrey Ede, Maria Fourtounas, Morapedi Kwati, Mpho Nosipho Mathe, Ncamsile Anthea Nhlabathi, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe Nxumalo, Paddy Pattinson, Nnosa Sentholang, Mmule Evelyn Sethoana, Maria Elizabeth Stassen, Laura Thornley, Cheryl Birtles, Mathete Ivy, Cynthia Mbavhalelo, Zain Ally, Abdus-sami Adewunmi, Maria Picciochi, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Didier Ahogni Benin, Aristide Ahounou, K. Alassan Boukari, Oswald Gbehade, Thierry K Hessou, Sinama Nindopa, M.J. 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Julien Attinon, Marcel Gbassi, Nounagnon Rene Hounsou, Derick Esssien, Yakubu Mustapha, Kojo Nunoo-Ghartey, Luke A Aniakwo, Margarey N M Adjei, Yvonne Adofo-Asamoah, Meshach M Agyapong, Thomas Agyen, Baba A B Alhassan, Mabel P Amoako-Boateng, Josephine Ashong, Joseph K Awindaogo, Benjamin B Brimpong, Makafui S C J K Dayie, Wendy W Ghansah, Jude E Gyamfi, Vincent Kudoh, Philip Mensah, Isabella N Morkor Opandoh, Martin T Morna, Emelia Odame, Emmanuel O Ofori, Sandra Quaicoo, Elizabert M Quartson, Cynthia Teye-Topey, Makafui Yigah, Safia Yussif, Vera O Agyekum-Gyimah, Eric Agyemang, Arko Akoto- Ampaw, Temitope E Arkorful, Moses A Dokurugu, Nanabanyin Essel, Aja Ijeoma, Emmanuel L Obiri, Karen N D Quarchey, Leslie Adam-Zakariah, Aaron B Andoh, Ruby A Boateng, Atta Kusiwaa, Adeline Naah, Ato Oppon-Acquah, Benjamin A Oppong, Emma A Agbowada, Ameley Akosua, O Lawrence Dorcas Acheampong, Frank E Gyamfi, Bertina B Nyadu, Samira Abdulai, Nii A Adu-Aryee, Joachim K Amoako, Nicholas T Aperkor, Wilfred K Asman, Godsway S Attepor, Antoinette A Bediako-Bowan, George D Brown, Victor K Etwire, Benjamin S Fenu, Philemon K Kumassah, Linda A Larbi-Siaw, Josephine Nsaful, David O Olatola, Sandra E Tsatsu, Iddrisu I A Abdul-Aziz, Johnson Akunyam, Gilbert A G Anasara, Charles G Barimah, Guy C Boateng, Ponala W Kwabena, Seidu M Kwarteng, Prosper T Luri, Kennedy Ngaaso, David K D Ogudi, Collins Kyeremeh, Clement Sie-Broni, Saba Abdul-Hafiz, Daniel K Acquah, Shamsudeen M Adams, Mohammed S Alhassan, Munira Amadu, Samuel A Asirifi, Martin Awe, Millicent Azanlerigu, Mathias K Dery, Yenli Edwin, Abantanga Atindaana Francis, Aloysius Maalekuu, Hawa Malechi, Ibrahim Mohammed, Kareem Mumuni, Bernard A Ofori, Jonathan I K Quansah, Napoleon Bellua Sam, Anwar S Seidu, Shekira Yahaya, Emmanuel Kojo Acquah, Jaabir Alhassan, Christian L Coompson, Addo K Gyambibi, Ametepe Jeffery-Felix, Bismark E Kontor, Gifty Naah, Carmen Noufuentes, Abraham Sakyi, Ramkaran Chaudhary, Sanjeev Misra, Dharma R Poonia, Kirti K Rathod, Mahaveer S Rodha, Nivedita Sharma, Subhash C Soni, Vaibhav K Varsheney, Jeevan R Vishnoi, Deepak K Garnaik, Manoj J Lokavarapu, Rohit Ranjan, Rajkumar K Seenivasagam, Shanky Singh, Raunak Verma, Suzan John, Jeffery A Kalyanapu, Ananta Kutma, Sanish Philips, Arun K Gautham, Deepak S Singh, Eunice S Abraham, Chetana Chetana, Prashant Dummala, Chinta S Gold, Jurgen Jacob, Jeremiah N Joseph, Elizabeth N Kurien, Priya Mary, Arpit J Mathew, Amy E Mathew, Danita D Prakash, Ashwin Sukumar, Niyah Syam, Alisha Bhatt, Dhruva N Ghosh, Ankush Goyal, Monika A Hans, Jyoti Jyoti, Karan Kumar, Vivin Daniel Sam, Ravinder Singh Thind, Sreejith K Veetil, Rahul Williams, D Sreekar, Esther R Daniel, Smitha E Jacob, Mark R Jesudason, Pushplatha Kumari, Soosan Prasad, Srujan Sharma, Moonish V Sivakumar, Paul Trinity, Sudheer Kanchodu, K Leshiini, Sundeep S Saluja, Ashok K Attri, Ishan Bansal, Monika Gureh, Simran Kapoor, Harmanjot Kaur, Simrandeep Singh, Viju John, Nivesh Agrawal, Uttkarsh Kumar, S Abhishek, Vikram Sehrawat, Gaurav Thami, Stanley Mathew, P S Prabhu, P T Sundeep, Shiv Rajan, Mohit Singh, Abhilasha Tripathi, Philip V Alexander, A Vijay, Moloti Kichu* Ismavel, Carolin V Solomi, Rahul A Alpheus, Ashish Victor Choudhrie, Rashmi Jacob Gunny, Susan Joseph, Nitin J Peters, Neha Pundir, Ram Samujh, Hafsa I Ahmed, Gowhar Aziz, Nisar A Chowdri, Rayees A Dar, Robindera Kour, Imtiyaz Mantoo, Asif Mehraj, Fazl Q Parray, Najmus Saqib, Zamir A Shah, Rauf A Wani, Komal Rautela, Nishu Singh, Priyanka Chowdhury, Sona Chowdhury, Pragyanmai Nayak, Bipradas Roy, Andrea S Alvarez Villaseñor, Kriscia V Ascencio Díaz, Victor J Avalos Herrera, Francisco J Barbosa, Elyoenai Bonilla Ahumada, Irma V Brancaccio, Miguel A Calderón, Guadalupe Castillo Cardiel, Guillermo A Cervantes, Gabino Cervantes Guevara, Enrique Cervantes Perez, Maria Chávez, Jonathan M Chejfec, Luis R Cifuentes, Ana O Cortés, Edgar J Cortes, Tania A Cueto, Andrea E Cueto, Esteban Cueva Martinez, Paulina Domínguez Barradas, Isaac Esparza Estrada, Paola Flores Becerril, Luis A García, Benjamín García Reyna, Eduardo Gómez Sánchez, Jaime L González, Eduardo González Espinoza, Fanny Y González, Cristhian S Guerrero, José A Guzmán, Bertha G Guzmán, Mario J Guzmán, DanielA Hérnandez Alva, SilviaA Ibarra Camargo, JuanC Ibarrola Peña, Martin Islas Torres, Jorge Jiménez Tornero, ZayraM Lara Pérez, Roberto Mares País, MelP Mellado Tellez, RobertoC Miranda Ackerman, Damián Mora Santana, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Rodrigo Nájar Hinojosa, Cesar Nuño Escobar, Itzel Ochoa Rodríguez, Angelica Ortega Barreiro, Jacqueline Osuna Rubio, Luis RPacheco Vallejo, VíctorH Pérez Bocanegra, JoseV Pérez Navarro, Francisco JPlascencia Posada, MaríaA Quirarte Hernández, LuisR Ramirez Gonzalez, Emilio AReyes Elizalde, EveliaV Romo Ascencio, Cornelio Ruelas Bravo, CarlosB Ruiz Velasco, JoséA Sánchez Martínez, Guillermo Sanchez Villaseñor, JoséI Sandoval Pulido, AlejandroG Serrano García, LuisO Suárez Carreón, JuanJ Tijerina Ávila, JesusO Vega Gastelum, MelissaL Vicencio Ramirez, MariaF Zarate Casas, CarlosJ Zuloaga, Fernández del Valle, JesusAntonion Aguilar Mata, MiguelAntonio Calderon Vanegas, RocioGuadalupe Cano Arias, Carlos Colunga Tinajero, Fernanda Diaz Samano, Fernando Duque Zepeda, BrendaVanessa Enriquez Barajas, Gerardo Gallardo Banuelos, MarijoseDe CristoGonzalez Calvillo, Francisco Ibanez Ortiz, Maryzela Lazo Ramirez, Gerardo Lopez Arroyo, LauraOlivia Montano Angeles, DavidGiovannyI Morales Iriarte, AngeloFernando Mortola Lomeli, Jose EstebanOrozco Navarro, Jaime Orozco Perez, Damaris Orozco Ramirez, LauraGabriela Pena Baolboa, Jesus Pizarro Lozano, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Monica N Castillo, Ana CamilleG Dominguez, Dorihela H Mellado, Jesus FlavioM Morales, Luzdel CarmenM Namur, Jose AlbertoA Pesquera, LauraMartinez Perez Maldonado, Antonio RamosDe laMedina, Katya Bozada-Gutierrez, AnaFlorencia Casado-Zarate, Roberto Delano-Alonso, Jose Herrera-Esquivel, Mucio Moreno-Portillo, Mario Trejo-Avila, Roland Kevin CethorthFonseca, Edgard Efren LozadaHernandez, Bruno Crocco Quiros, JairoArturo Rodriguez Ramirez, Gabriela Ambriz-González, MitziR Becerra Moscoso, Ishtar Cabrera-Lozano, AnaB Calderón-Alvarado, FranciscoJ León-Frutos, ErickE Villanueva-Martínez, Aisha Abdullahi, Maimuna Abubakar, MohammedS Aliyu, Mudi Awaisu, Fadimatu Bakari, Abigail Olajumoke Balogun, Ahmad Bello, Kehinde Michael Duromola, Stephen G Gana, Mukoro Duke George, Justina Gimba, Isaac Gundu, Lambert Onahi Iji, Aminat O Jimoh, Afolabi K Koledade, Ahmad T Lawal, Bilkisu K Lawal, Stanley Emeka Nwabuoku, Oluseyi O Ogunsua, Ifeanyi Fidelis Okafor, Ethos Ike Okorie, Nasir Oyelowo, Ibrahim A Saidu, Tunde T Sholadoye, Ibrahim Sufyan, Musliu Adetola Tolani, Aliyu Muhammad Tukur, Ahmad Shehu Umar, Aminatu M Umar, Hajara Umaru-Sule, Mohammed Usman, Alfa Yakubu, Salisu Abeku Yusuf, Abdulhafiz A Abdulkarim, Lawal Barau Abdullahi, Khadija A Ado, Nura U Aliyu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka Anyanwu, Sulaiman M Daneji, Mahmoud Kawu Magashi, Mohammad A Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Saminu S Muhammad, Bello Abodunde Muideen, Calistus U Nwachukwu, Suleiman B Sallau, Abdulrahman A Sheshe, Abdulmajeed Soladoye, Idris Usman Takai, Garzali I Umar, Abubakar Yahaya, Lubabatu Abdulrasheed, Joel A Adze, Lydia R Airede, Bashiru Aminu, Stephen B Bature, Firdaws Bello-Tukur, Damai Chinyio, SharonA N Duniya, Moses C Galadima, Babatunde K Hamza, Samaila Joshua, Stephen A Kache, Williams Y Kagomi, Ifeanyi A Kene, Jamila Lawal, Jerry G Makama, Caleb Mohammed, Amina A Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Deborah Nuwam, Abdulrasheed Sani, Salome Tabara, Mathew C Taingson, Emmanuel Usam, Josiah Yakubu, Folasade Adegoke, Oluwasuyi Ige, Tunde A Odunafolabi, Chukwuma E Okereke, Oluwafemi O Oladele, Oluwaseun H Olaleye, Oyetunde O Olubayo, Olukayode P Abiola, Henry O Abiyere, Idowu O Adebara, GbadeboT C Adeleye, Adebayo A Adeniyi, Olumide E Adewara, Olabisi T Adeyemo, Ademola A Adeyeye, Abimbola L Ariyibi, Babatunde S Awoyinka, Olumide M Ayankunle, Olakunle F Babalola, Adewumi Bakare, TajudeenI B Bakare, Oluseyi O Banjo, Peter A Egharevba, Oluwafemi S Fatudimu, John A Obateru, Oluremi J Odesanya, Owolabi D Ojo, Abiodun I Okunlola, Cecilia K Okunlola, Adewale T Olajide, Tesleem O Orewole, Adedayo I Salawu, Moruf A Abdulsalam, Aderinsola T Adelaja, Olalekan T Ajai, Noble Anyanwu, Kazeem M Atobatele, Oludayo Oluwaseyi Bakare, Omolara M Faboya, Francisca C Nwaenyi, Ayokunle A Ogunyemi, Mobolaji A Oludara, Olufunmilade A Omisanjo, Chinonso U Onyeka, Olabode A Oshodi, Yusuf A Oshodi, Omotade S Salami, Omolara M Williams, Esther Abunimye, Adebunmi Adeoluwa, Adedotun Adesiyakan, Victoria Ibukunoluwa Adeyeye, Moses Vincent Agbulu, David O Akinboyewa, Iyabo O Alasi, Michael Amao, Christiana Ashley-Osuzoka, Oluwole A Atoyebi, Olanrewaju S Balogun, Maryam Oluwatobi Busari, Nnamdi Jonathan Duru, Glory Bassey Edet, Olumide A Elebute, Francis Chinonso Ezenwankwo, Adedeji L Fatuga, Christianah Gbenga-Oke, Emmanuel Sylvester Inyang, Adesola I Jimoh, Jubril Oladayo Kuku, OluwaseunA Ladipo-Ajayi, Abdulrazzaq O Lawal, Christian Chigoze Makwe, Chinelo Victoria Mgbemena, Samuel U Nwokocha, Moses Adebisi Ogunjimi, Ephraim Okwudiri Ohazurike, Rufus W Ojewola, Moyosoluwa Eunice Badedale, Chike J Okeke, Adeyemi A Okunowo, Abraham T Oladimeji, Thomas O Olajide, Olabisi Olanrewaju, Olawunmi Olayioye, Oluwaseun O Oluseye, Stephen Olutola, Kenneth Onyekachi, Adeola Ayoola Orowale, Emili Osariemen, Adedapo Olumide Osinowo, Emmanuel Owie, Christianah Bidemi Oyegbola, Justina OSeyi-Olajide, AdaiahP Soibi-Harry, Manuella Talla Timo, Aloy Okechukwu Ugwu, Emmanuel Ojo Williams, Innocent O Duruewuru, Ochonma A Egwuonwu, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife, James J Emeka, Chimdiebele Daisy Nwosu, Sylvester O Obiechina, Ahuizechukwu E Obiesie, Celestine I Okafor, Theophilus O Okonoboh, Odili A Okoye, Onyekachi A Onu, Chukwudubem C Onyejiaka, Chisom Faith Uche, JosephO Ugboajah, Akeem A Adeleke, Akinfolarin C Adepiti, Adewale A Aderounmu, Abdulhafiz O Adesunkanmi, Adewale O Adisa, Samuel C Ajekwu, Olusegun K Ajenifuja, Olusegun I Alatise, Tajudeen A Badmus, Tajudeen O Mohammed, Abdulkadir A Salako, Oludayo A Sowande, Ademola O Talabi, Funmilola O Wuraola, Paul Aderemi Adegoke, Abidemi Akinloye, Ayodeji Akinniyi, Joseph Ejimogu, Ideyonbe Samuel Eseile, Olakayode Olaolu Ogundoyin, Amos Okedare, Dare Isaac Olulana, Omolara Omotola, Francis Sanwo, Collins C Adumah, Adewale O Ajagbe, Olugbenga P Akintunde, Opeyemi Q Asafa, Kehinde Awodele, Amogu K Eziyi, Adeniyi O Fasanu, Olufemi O Ojewuyi, Abiodun R Ojewuyi, Abisola E Oyedele, Oluwaseun A Taiwo, Habiba I Abdullahi, Nathaniel D Adewole, Teddy E Agida, Eunice E Ailunia, Oseremen Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Godwin O Akaba, Janet Alfred, Terkaa Atim, Kehinde G Bawa, John Y Chinda, Esther B Daluk, Sefiu B Eniola, Augusta O Ezenwa, Stephen E Garba, Philip M Mshelbwala, Ngozi O Ndukwe, Idoko P Ogolekwu, Alexander A Ohemu, Samuel A Sani, Salisu Suleiman, Helen Sunday, Nancy O Tabuanu, Aminu M Umar, Peter I Agbonrofo, Alexander I Arekhandia, Morrison E Edena, Raymond A Eghonghon, Joel E Enaholo, Genesis Ida, Stanley N Ideh, Oseihie I Iribhogbe, Omorodion O Irowa, Maradona E Isikhuemen, Oluwatomi R Odutola, Kester O Okoduwa, Scott O Omorogbe, David Oruade, Osasumwen T Osagie, Osarenkhoe Osemwegie, RukiyatA Abdus-Salam, Sikiru Adekola Adebayo, Oluwasanmi A Ajagbe, Gboyega Ajibola, Kelvin I Egbuchulem, Hyginus O Ekwuazi, Adegbolahan Fakoya, Oluwasegun C Idowu, David O Irabor, Taiwo A Lawal, Olakayode O Ogundoyin, Oluwabukade Ojediran, Naomi Olagunju, Akinsola T Sanusi, Augustine O Takure, Lukman Olajide Abdur-Rahman, Mary Oluwadamilola Adebisi, Nurudeen Abiola Adeleke, Rafiat Tinuola Afolabi, Isiaka Ishola Aremu, Jibril Oyekunle Bello, Robiat Bello, Saheed Abolade Lawal, Adeolu Ojajuni, Sabur Oyewale, Victor Abhulimen, Patrick O Igwe, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya Iweha, Raphael E John, Nnyonno Okoi, Philemon E Okoro, Vaduneme Kingsley Oriji, Ibiene T Oweredaba, Japhet Mizero, Immaculee Mutimamwiza, Francoise Nirere, Irenee Niyongombwa, Jean Paul Majyabere, Anastase Byaruhanga, Rongin Dukuzimana, Jean Aimable Habiyakare, Marie Gloriose Nabada, Marcel Uwizeye, Mathias Ruhosha, Joselyne Igiraneza, Faustine Ingabire, Aloys Karekezi, Jean pierre Masengesho, Lydia Mukamazera, Clemence Mukangabo, Jean Paul Niyomuremyi, Gabriel Ntwari, Celestin Seneza, Divine Umuhoza, Pierrine Nyirangeri, Jean Claude Uwimana, Isaie Sibomana, Desire Rubanguka, Josine Umuhoza, Roda Uwayezu, Leoncie Uzikwambara, Herbert Butana, Moise Dusabeyezu, Athanasie Mukasine, Jean N Utumatwishima, Mediatrice Batangana, Jeande Dieu Haragirimana, AllenJ C Ingabire, Espoir Mwungura, Dancilla Nyirasebura, Christian Jean Urimubabo, Anaclet Dusabimana, Sam Kanyesigye, Robert Munyaneza, Jean Yves Shyirakera, Aimee Domingo, Philip Munda, Chido Nyatsambo, Victor Ojo, Rudo Pswarayi, and Soeren Laurberg
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Published
- 2024
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3. History As Theme Park: Reconfiguring the Human Journey in the Art of Theodora Skipitares
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Stanley, N. J
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- 2003
4. Impact of possible tardive dyskinesia on physical wellness and social functioning: results from the real-world RE-KINECT study
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Tanner, Caroline M, Caroff, Stanley N, Cutler, Andrew J, Lenderking, William R, Shalhoub, Huda, Pagé, Véronique, Franey, Ericha G, Serbin, Michael, and Yonan, Chuck
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Brain Disorders ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Tardive Dyskinesia ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Quality of Life ,Social Interaction ,Outpatients ,Tardive dyskinesia ,Quality of life ,Function ,Real-world evidence ,Antipsychotic agents ,Biomedical and clinical sciences ,Health sciences - Abstract
BackgroundTardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persistent and potentially disabling movement disorder associated with antipsychotic use. Data from RE-KINECT, a real-world study of antipsychotic-treated outpatients, were analyzed to assess the effects of possible TD on patient health and social functioning.MethodsAnalyses were conducted in Cohort 1 (patients with no abnormal involuntary movements) and Cohort 2 (patients with possible TD per clinician judgment). Assessments included: EuroQoL's EQ-5D-5L utility (health); Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total score (social functioning); patient- and clinician-rated severity of possible TD ("none", "some", "a lot"); and patient-rated impact of possible TD ("none", "some", "a lot"). Regression models were used to analyze the following: associations between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and lower (worse) EQ-5D-5L utility (indicated by negative regression coefficients); and associations between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and higher (worse) SDS total score (indicated by positive regression coefficients).ResultsIn Cohort 2 patients who were aware of their abnormal movements, patient-rated TD impact was highly and significantly associated with EQ-5D-5L utility (regression coefficient: - 0.023, P
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- 2023
5. Differentiating tardive dyskinesia: a video-based review of antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in clinical practice
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Hauser, Robert A, Meyer, Jonathan M, Factor, Stewart A, Comella, Cynthia L, Tanner, Caroline M, Xavier, Rose Mary, Caroff, Stanley N, and Lundt, Leslie
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Biological Psychology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Brain Disorders ,Mental Health ,Neurodegenerative ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Detection ,screening and diagnosis ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Humans ,Movement Disorders ,Psychomotor Agitation ,Tardive Dyskinesia ,Tremor ,tardive dyskinesia ,videos ,drug-induced movement disorders ,VMAT2 inhibitors ,treatment ,Clinical Sciences ,Psychiatry ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) are imperative, as its symptoms can be highly disruptive to both patients and their caregivers. Misdiagnosis can lead to incorrect interventions with suboptimal or even deleterious results. To aid in the identification and differentiation of TD in the psychiatric practice setting, we review its clinical features and movement phenomenology, as well as those of other antipsychotic-induced movement disorders, with accompanying links to illustrative videos. Exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBAs) such as antipsychotics or antiemetics is associated with a spectrum of movement disorders including TD. The differential diagnosis of TD is based on history of DRBA exposure, recent discontinuation or dose reduction of a DRBA, and movement phenomenology. Common diagnostic challenges are the abnormal behaviors and dyskinesias associated with advanced age or chronic mental illness, and other movement disorders associated with DRBA therapy, such as akathisia, parkinsonian tremor, and tremor related to use of mood stabilizing agents (eg, lithium, divalproex). Duration of exposure may help rule out acute drug-induced syndromes such as acute dystonia or acute/subacute akathisia. Another important consideration is the potential for TD to present together with other drug-induced movement disorders (eg, parkinsonism, parkinsonian tremor, and postural tremor from mood stabilizers) in the same patient, which can complicate both diagnosis and management. After documentation of the phenomenology, severity, and distribution of TD movements, treatment options should be reviewed with the patient and caregivers.
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- 2022
6. A Systematic Review of Oral Vertical Dyskinesia ('Rabbit' Syndrome)
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Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Krish Kherajani, Nilofar Murtaza Vora, Venkatesh Yatakarla, Ana Letícia Fornari Caprara, Jeffrey Ratliff, and Stanley N. Caroff
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rabbit syndrome ,parkinsonism ,dyskinesia ,tardive dyskinesia ,drug-induced ,antipsychotic ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vertical rhythmic dyskinetic movements that are primarily drug-induced and affect solely the jaw, mouth, and lips without involving the tongue have been historically described as “rabbit” syndrome (RS). Evidence on the unique features and implications of this disorder remains limited. This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical–epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of this movement disorder. Materials and Methods: Two reviewers identified and assessed relevant reports in six databases without language restriction published between 1972 and 2024. Results: A total of 85 articles containing 146 cases of RS were found. The mean frequency of RS among adults in psychiatric hospitals was 1.2% (range 0–4.4%). The mean age of affected patients was 49.2 (SD: 17.5), and 63.6% were females. Schizophrenia was the most frequent comorbidity found in 47.6%, followed by bipolar disorder (17.8%), major depressive disorder (10.3%), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (3.7%). Five cases were idiopathic. The most common medications associated with RS were haloperidol (17%), risperidone (14%), aripiprazole (7%), trifluoperazine (5%), and sulpiride (5%). The mean duration of pharmacotherapy before RS was 21.4 weeks (SD: 20.6). RS occurred in association with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in 27.4% and with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 8.2% of cases. Antipsychotic modification and/or anticholinergic drugs resulted in full or partial recovery in nearly all reported cases in which they were prescribed. Conclusions: RS occurs as a distinct drug-induced syndrome associated primarily but not exclusively with antipsychotics. Distinguishing RS from TD is important because the treatment options for the two disorders are quite different. By contrast, RS may be part of a spectrum of symptoms of DIP with similar course, treatment outcomes, and pathophysiology.
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- 2024
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7. Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries
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Kachapila, Mwayi, Oppong, Raymond, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., Bhangu, Aneel, Dauda, Risikat, Ghosh, Dhruva N., Kamarajah, Sivesh K, Lawani, Ismail, Medina, Antonio Ramos-De la, Monahan, Mark, Morton, Dion G., Omar, Omar, Picciochi, Maria, Tabiri, Stephen, Roberts, Tracy E., Brocklehurst, Peter, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Glasbey, James, Hardy, Pollyanna, Harrison, Ewen, Lillywhite, Rachel, Magill, Laura, Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Simoes, Joana, Smith, Donna, Kadir, Bryar, Pinkney, Thomas, Brant, Felicity, Li, Elizabeth, Runigamugabo, Emmy, Bahrami-Hessari, Michael, Bywater, Edward, Martinez, Laura, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Williams, Emmanuel, Fourtounas, Maria, Melic, Bokossa K. Covalic, Suroy, Atul, Ahogni, Didier, Ahounou, Aristide, Boukari, K. Alassan, Gbehade, Oswald, Hessou, Thierry K, Nindopa, Sinama, Nontonwanou, M.J. Bienvenue, Guessou, Nafissatou Orou, Sambo, Arouna, Tchati, Sorekou Victoire, Tchogo, Affisatou, Tobome, Semevo Romaric, Yanto, Parfait, Gandaho, Isidore, Hadonou, Armel, Hinvo, Simplice, Hodonou, Montcho Adrien, Tamou, Sambo Bio, Lawani, Souliath, Dossou, Francis Moise, Gaou, Antoine, Goudou, Roland, Kouroumta, Marie-Claire, Malade, Enrif, Dikao, Anne stredy Mkoh, Nsilu, Joel Nzuwa, Ogouyemi, Pencome, Akpla, Marcelin, Mitima, Nathan Bisimwa, Kovohouande, Blaise, Loupeda, Stephane Laurent, Agbangla, Mamonde Victorin, Hedefoun, Sena Emmanuel, Mavoha, Thierry, Ngaguene, Juvenal, Rugendabanga, Janvier, Soton, Rish Romaric, Totin, Martin, Agbadebo, Mouhamed, Dewamon, Hubert, Akpo, Irene, Djeto, Martin, Hada, Aissatou, Hollo, Monsede, Houndji, Albert, Houndote, Anasthasie, Hounsa, Sylvestre, Kpatchassou, Expedit, Yome, Hugues, Alidou, Mohamed Moussa, Bara, Eric Jerry, Yovo, B.T. Bonheur Dossou, Guinnou, Robert, Hamadou, Souleymane, Kola, H.Pauline, Moussa, Nabil, Cakpo, Boniface, Etchisse, Lolyta, Hatangimana, Emery, Muhindo, Moise, Sanni, Katia, Yevide, Agossou Barthelemy, Agossou, Hermann, Musengo, Fiston Basirwa, Behanzin, Hulrich, Seto, Djifid Morel, Alia, Bill Armstrong, Alitonou, Arnaud, Mehounou, Y.Edith, Agbanda, Lucien, Attinon, Julien, Hounsou, Nounagnon Rene, Gbassi, Marcel, Adagrah, Aniakwo, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, Boakye, Benedict, Debrah, Samuel A, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, Enti, Donald, Koggoh, Patience, Kpankpari, Richard, Opandoh, Isanella Naa M., Manu, Meshach Agyemang, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, Mensah, Samuel, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, Nortey, Michael, Nkrumah, John, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy, Acquah, Ato Oppong, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, Asabre, Esther, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, Koomson, Barbara, Kusiwaa, Ataa, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, Ankomah, James, Assah-Adjei, Frank, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, Fosu, Godfred, Serbeh, Godwin, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, Robertson, Zelda, Acheampong, Dorcas O, Acquaye, Jane, Adinku, Michael, Agbedinu, Kwabena, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, Amoah, Michael, Amoah, George, Appiah, Juliana, Arthur, Joshua, Ayim, Alex, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, Boateng, Edward Amoah, Dally, Charles, Davor, Anthony, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, Haruna, Iddrisu, Kwarley, Naa, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, Nimako, Boateng, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, Opoku, Dominic, Osabutey, Anita, Sagoe, Robert, Tuffour, Samuel, Tufour, Yaa, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, Yorke, Joseph, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, Boakye, Percy, Coompson, Christian Larbi, Gyamfi, Brian, Kontor, Bismark Effah, Kyeremeh, Christian, Manu, Ruth, Mensah, Elijah, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, Owusu, Junior Atta, Adobea, Vivian, Bennin, Amos, Dankwah, Fred, Doe, Stanley, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, Kobby, Ephraim, Larnyor, Hanson, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, Zume, Marshall, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, Osman, Imoro, Kunfah, Sheba, Limann, Gbana, Mohammed, Shamudeen Ahhassan, Mohammed, Sheriff, Musah, Yakubu, Ofori, Bernard, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, Yakubu, Mustapha, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, Bhatti, Kavita, Dhiman, Jyoti, Dhir, Karan, Hans, Monika, Haque, Parvez D, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, Madankumar, Latha, Mittal, Rohin, Nagomy, Ida, Prasad, Soosan, Dasari, Amos, Jacob, Priya, Kurien, Elizabeth, Mathew, Arpit, Prakash, Danita, Susan, Anju, Varghese, Rose, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, Romero, Marco Hurtado, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del, Sánchez, Irani Durán, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, Lara, Maria Martínez, Maldonado, Laura Martinez Perez, Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la, Medina, Antonio Ramos De la, Adeleye, Victoria, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, Akinajo, Opeyemi, Akinboyewa, David, Alasi, Iyabo, Alakaloko, Felix, Atoyebi, Oluwole, Balogun, Olanrewaju, Belie, Orimisan, Bode, Christopher, Ekwesianya, Andrew, Elebute, Olumide, Ezenwankwo, Francis, Fatuga, Adedeji, Ihediwa, George, Jimoh, Adesola, Kuku, Jubril, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, Makanjuola, Ayomide, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, Nwokocha, Samuel, Ogein, Olubunmi, Ojewola, Rufus, Oladimeji, Abraham, Olajide, Thomas, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, Ugwu, Aloy, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, Adeleke, Nurudeen, Adesola, Muideen, Afolabi, Rafiat, Agodirin, Sulaiman, Aremu, Isiaka, Bello, Jibril, Lawal, Saheed, Lawal, Abdulwahab, Raji, Hadijat, Sayomi, Olayinka, Shittu, Asimiyu, Acquah, Regina, Banka, Charles, Esssien, Derick, Hussey, Romeo, Mustapha, Yakubu, Nunoo-Ghartey, Kojo, Yeboah, Grace, Aniakwo, Luke A, Adjei, Margarey N M, Adofo-Asamoah, Yvonne, Agyapong, Meshach M, Agyen, Thomas, Alhassan, Baba A B, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel P, Ashong, Josephine, Awindaogo, Joseph K, Brimpong, Benjamin B, Dayie, Makafui S C J K, Ghansah, Wendy W, Gyamfi, Jude E, Kudoh, Vincent, Mensah, Philip, Opandoh, Isabella N Morkor, Morna, Martin T, Odame, Emelia, Ofori, Emmanuel O, Quaicoo, Sandra, Quartson, Elizabert M, Teye-Topey, Cynthia, Yigah, Makafui, Yussif, Safia, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, Agyekum-Gyimah, Vera O, Agyemang, Eric, AkotoAmpaw, Arko, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, Arkorful, Temitope E, Dokurugu, Moses A, Essel, Nanabanyin, Ijeoma, Aja, Obiri, Emmanuel L, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, Quarchey, Karen N D, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie, Andoh, Aaron B, Boateng, Ruby A, Kusiwaa, Atta, Naah, Adeline, Oppon-Acquah, Ato, Oppong, Benjamin A, Agbowada, Emma A, Akosua, Ameley, Armah, Ralph, Asare, Christopher, Awere-Kyere, Lawrence K B, Bruce-Adjei, Amanda, Christian, Nana Ama, Gakpetor, Delali A, Kennedy, Korankye K, Mends-Odro, Jacqueline, Obbeng, Ambe, Ofosuhene, Doris, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, Ciociano, Maria Chávez Jonathan M Chejfec, Valle, Carlos J Zuloaga Fernández del, Aziz, Hafsa I Ahmed Gowhar, Calvillo, Marijose De Cristo Gonzalez, Iriarte, David Giovanny I Morales, Namur, Luz del Carmen M, Mustapha, Bilkisu K Lawal Aisha, Utumatwishima, Athanasie Mukasine Jean N, Abdul-Aziz, Iddrisu I A, Anasara, Gilbert A G, Ogudi, David K D, Quansah, Jonathan I K, Kumar, Nivesh Agrawal Uttkarsh, Mehraj, Imtiyaz Mantoo Asif, Nayak, Sonia Mathai Pragyanmai, Díaz, Kriscia V Ascencio, Herrera, Victor J Avalos, Camacho, Francisco J Barbosa, Pérez, Irma V Brancaccio, Llamas, Miguel A Calderón, Cardona, Guillermo A Cervantes, Andrade, Luis R Cifuentes, Flores, Ana O Cortés, Torres, Edgar J Cortes, Valadez, Tania A Cueto, Valadez, Andrea E Cueto, Cardoza, Jose A Flores, González, Luis A García, Bojorquez, Jaime L González, Ponce, Fanny Y González, Ramírez, Cristhian S Guerrero, Barba, José A Guzmán, Ramírez, Bertha G Guzmán, Ruvalcaba, Mario J Guzmán, Alva, Daniel A Hérnandez, Camargo, Silvia A Ibarra, Peña, Juan C Ibarrola, Pérez, Zayra M Lara, Tellez, Mel P Mellado, Ackerman, Roberto C Miranda, Vallejo, Luis R Pacheco, Bocanegra, Víctor H Pérez, Navarro, Jose V Pérez, Posada, Francisco J Plascencia, Hernández, María A Quirarte, Gonzalez, Luis R Ramirez, Elizalde, Emilio A Reyes, Ascencio, Evelia V Romo, Velasco, Carlos B Ruiz, Martínez, José A Sánchez, Pulido, José I Sandoval, García, Alejandro G Serrano, Carreón, Luis O Suárez, Ávila, Juan J Tijerina, Gastelum, Jesus O Vega, Ramirez, Melissa L Vicencio, Casas, Maria F Zarate, Mata, Jesus Antonion Aguilar, Vanegas, Miguel Antonio Calderon, Arias, Rocio Guadalupe Cano, Barajas, Brenda Vanessa Enriquez, Angeles, Laura Olivia Montano, Lomeli, Angelo Fernando Mortola, Navarro, Jose Esteban Orozco, Baolboa, Laura Gabriela Pena, Dominguez, Ana Camille G, Morales, Jesus Flavio M, Pesquera, Jose Alberto A, Fonseca, Roland Kevin Cethorth, Hernandez, Edgard Efren Lozada, Ramirez, Jairo Arturo Rodriguez, Moscoso, Mitzi R Becerra, Duniya, Sharon A N, Adeleye, Gbadebo T C, Bakare, Tajudeen I B, Ohemu, Alexander A, Habumuremyi, Divine Umuhoza Sosthene, Seneza, Gabriel Ntwari Celestin, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, Ingabire, Allen J C, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Gyamfi, Frank E, Nyadu, Bertina B, Adu-Aryee, Nii A, Amoako, Joachim K, Aperkor, Nicholas T, Asman, Wilfred K, Attepor, Godsway S, Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette A, Brown, George D, Etwire, Victor K, Fenu, Benjamin S, Kumassah, Philemon K, Larbi-Siaw, Linda A, Olatola, David O, Tsatsu, Sandra E, Barimah, Charles G, Boateng, Guy C, Kwabena, Ponala W, Kwarteng, Seidu M, Luri, Prosper T, Acquah, Daniel K, Adams, Shamsudeen M, Alhassan, Mohammed S, Asirifi, Samuel A, Dery, Mathias K, Ofori, Bernard A, Sam, Napoleon Bellua, Seidu, Anwar S, Acquah, Emmanuel Kojo, Coompson, Christian L, Gyambibi, Addo K, Kontor, Bismark E, Poonia, Dharma R, Rathod, Kirti K, Rodha, Mahaveer S, Soni, Subhash C, Varsheney, Vaibhav K, Vishnoi, Jeevan R, Garnaik, Deepak K, Lokavarapu, Manoj J, Seenivasagam, Rajkumar K, Kalyanapu, Jeffery A, Gautham, Arun K, Singh, Deepak S, Abraham, Eunice S, Gold, Chinta S, Joseph, Jeremiah N, Kurien, Elizabeth N, Mathew, Arpit J, Mathew, Amy E, Prakash, Danita D, Hans, Monika A, Sam, Vivin Daniel, Thind, Ravinder Singh, Veetil, Sreejith K, Daniel, Esther R, Jacob, Smitha E, Jesudason, Mark R, Samuel, Vasanth Mark, Sivakumar, Moonish V, Saluja, Sundeep S, Attri, Ashok K, Pai, Murlidhar V, Prabhu, P S, T, Sundeep P, Alexander, Philip V, Ismavel, Vijay A, Solomi, Carolin V, Alpheus, Rahul A, Choudhrie, Ashish Victor, Gunny, Rashmi Jacob, Malik, Muneer A, Peters, Nitin J, Chowdri, Nisar A, Dar, Rayees A, Parray, Fazl Q, Shah, Zamir A, Wani, Rauf A, Villaseñor, S Alvarez, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, Ahumada, Elyoenai Bonilla, Cardiel, Guadalupe Castillo, Guevara, Gabino Cervantes, Perez, Enrique Cervantes, Martinez, Esteban Cueva, Barradas, Paulina Domínguez, Estrada, Isaac Esparza, Becerril, Paola Flores, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, Reyna, Benjamín García, Sánchez, Eduardo Gómez, Espinoza, Eduardo González, Ojeda, Alejandro González, Torres, Martin Islas, Tornero, Jorge Jiménez, País, Roberto Mares, Santana, Damián Mora, Villela, Gilberto Morgan, Hinojosa, Rodrigo Nájar, Escobar, Cesar Nuño, Rodríguez, Itzel Ochoa, Flores, Oscar Olvera, Barreiro, Angelica Ortega, Rubio, Jacqueline Osuna, Bravo, Cornelio Ruelas, Villaseñor, Guillermo Sanchez, Tinajero, Carlos Colunga, Samano, Fernanda Diaz, Banuelos, Gerardo Gallardo, Ortiz, Francisco Ibanez, Ramirez, Maryzela Lazo, Arroyo, Gerardo Lopez, Perez, Jaime Orozco, Ramirez, Damaris Orozco, Lozano, Jesus Pizarro, Reyes, Guillermo Yanowsky, Castillo, Monica N, Mellado, Dorihela H, Bozada-Gutierrez, Katya, Casado-Zarate, Ana Florencia, Delano-Alonso, Roberto, Herrera-Esquivel, Jose, Moreno-Portillo, Mucio, Trejo-Avila, Mario, Quiros, Bruno Crocco, Ambriz-González, Gabriela, Cabrera-Lozano, Ishtar, Calderón-Alvarado, Ana B, León-Frutos, Francisco J, Villanueva-Martínez, Erick E, Aliyu, Mohammed S, Balogun, Abigail Olajumoke, Francis, Abantanga Atindaana, Duromola, Kehinde Michael, Gana, Stephen G, George, Mukoro Duke, Iji, Lambert Onahi, Jimoh, Aminat O, Koledade, Afolabi K, Lawal, Ahmad T, Nwabuoku, Stanley Emeka, Ogunsua, Oluseyi O, Okafor, Ifeanyi Fidelis, Okorie, Ethos Ike, Saidu, Ibrahim A, Sholadoye, Tunde T, Abdulkarim, Abdulhafiz A, Abdullahi, Lawal Barau, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Tukur, Aliyu Muhammad, Umar, Ahmad Shehu, Umar, Aminatu M, Yusuf, Salisu Abeku, Ado, Khadija A, Aliyu, Nura U, Anyanwu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka, Daneji, Sulaiman M, Magashi, Mahmoud Kawu, Mohammad, Mohammad A, Muhammad, Abubakar Bala, Muhammad, Saminu S, Muideen, Bello Abodunde, Nwachukwu, Calistus U, Sallau, Suleiman B, Sheshe, Abdulrahman A, Takai, Idris Usman, Umar, Garzali I, Adze, Joel A, Airede, Lydia R, Bature, Stephen B, Galadima, Moses C, Hamza, Babatunde K, Kache, Stephen A, Kagomi, Williams Y, Kene, Ifeanyi A, Makama, Jerry G, Mohammed-Durosinlorun, Amina A, Taingson, Mathew C, Odunafolabi, Tunde A, Okereke, Chukwuma E, Oladele, Oluwafemi O, Olaleye, Oluwaseun H, Olubayo, Oyetunde O, Abiola, Olukayode P, Abiyere, Henry O, Adebara, Idowu O, Adeniyi, Adebayo A, Adewara, Olumide E, Adeyemo, Olabisi T, Adeyeye, Ademola A, Ariyibi, Abimbola L, Awoyinka, Babatunde S, Ayankunle, Olumide M, Babalola, Olakunle F, Banjo, Oluseyi O, Egharevba, Peter A, Fatudimu, Oluwafemi S, Obateru, John A, Odesanya, Oluremi J, Ojo, Owolabi D, Okunlola, Abiodun I, Okunlola, Cecilia K, Olajide, Adewale T, Orewole, Tesleem O, Salawu, Adedayo I, Abdulsalam, Moruf A, Adelaja, Aderinsola T, Ajai, Olalekan T, Atobatele, Kazeem M, Bakare, Oludayo Oluwaseyi, Faboya, Omolara M, Imam, Zainab O, Nwaenyi, Francisca C, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle A, Oludara, Mobolaji A, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade A, Onyeka, Chinonso U, Oshodi, Olabode A, Oshodi, Yusuf A, Salami, Omotade S, Williams, Omolara M, Adeyeye, Victoria Ibukunoluwa, Agbulu, Moses Vincent, Akinajo, Opeyemi Rebecca, Akinboyewa, David O, Alakaloko, Felix M, Alasi, Iyabo O, Atoyebi, Oluwole A, Balogun, Olanrewaju S, Bode, Christopher O, Busari, Maryam Oluwatobi, Duru, Nnamdi Jonathan, Edet, Glory Bassey, Elebute, Olumide A, Ezenwankwo, Francis Chinonso, Fatuga, Adedeji L, Ihediwa, George C, Inyang, Emmanuel Sylvester, Jimoh, Adesola I, Kuku, Jubril Oladayo, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun A, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq O, Makwe, Christian Chigoze, Mgbemena, Chinelo Victoria, Nwokocha, Samuel U, Ogunjimi, Moses Adebisi, Ohazurike, Ephraim Okwudiri, Ojewola, Rufus W, Badedale, Moyosoluwa Eunice, Okeke, Chike J, Okunowo, Adeyemi A, Oladimeji, Abraham T, Olajide, Thomas O, Oluseye, Oluwaseun O, Orowale, Adeola Ayoola, Osinowo, Adedapo Olumide, Oyegbola, Christianah Bidemi, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah P, Timo, Manuella Talla, Ugwu, Aloy Okechukwu, Williams, Emmanuel Ojo, Duruewuru, Innocent O, Egwuonwu, Ochonma A, Emeka, James J, Modekwe, Victor Ifeanyichukwu, Nwosu, Chimdiebele Daisy, Obiechina, Sylvester O, Obiesie, Ahuizechukwu E, Okafor, Celestine I, Okonoboh, Theophilus O, Okoye, Odili A, Onu, Onyekachi A, Onyejiaka, Chukwudubem C, Uche, Chisom Faith, Ugboajah, Joseph O, Ugwu, Jideofor Okechukwu, Adeleke, Akeem A, Adepiti, Akinfolarin C, Aderounmu, Adewale A, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz O, Adisa, Adewale O, Ajekwu, Samuel C, Ajenifuja, Olusegun K, Alatise, Olusegun I, Badmus, Tajudeen A, Mohammed, Tajudeen O, Salako, Abdulkadir A, Sowande, Oludayo A, Talabi, Ademola O, Wuraola, Funmilola O, Adegoke, Paul Aderemi, Eseile, Ideyonbe Samuel, Ogundoyin, Olakayode Olaolu, Olulana, Dare Isaac, Adumah, Collins C, Ajagbe, Adewale O, Akintunde, Olugbenga P, Asafa, Opeyemi Q, Eziyi, Amogu K, Fasanu, Adeniyi O, Ojewuyi, Olufemi O, Ojewuyi, Abiodun R, Oyedele, Abisola E, Taiwo, Oluwaseun A, Abdullahi, Habiba I, Adewole, Nathaniel D, Agida, Teddy E, Ailunia, Eunice E, Akaba, Godwin O, Bawa, Kehinde G, Chinda, John Y, Daluk, Esther B, Eniola, Sefiu B, Ezenwa, Augusta O, Garba, Stephen E, Mshelbwala, Philip M, Ndukwe, Ngozi O, Ogolekwu, Idoko P, Osagie, Olabisi O, Sani, Samuel A, Tabuanu, Nancy O, Umar, Aminu M, Agbonrofo, Peter I, Arekhandia, Alexander I, Edena, Morrison E, Eghonghon, Raymond A, Enaholo, Joel E, Ideh, Stanley N, Iribhogbe, Oseihie I, Irowa, Omorodion O, Isikhuemen, Maradona E, Odutola, Oluwatomi R, Okoduwa, Kester O, Omorogbe, Scott O, Osagie, Osasumwen T, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat A, Adebayo, Sikiru Adekola, Ajagbe, Oluwasanmi A, Ajao, Akinlabi E, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, Egbuchulem, Kelvin I, Ekwuazi, Hyginus O, Idowu, Oluwasegun C, Irabor, David O, Lawal, Taiwo A, Lawal, Olatunji O, Ogundoyin, Olakayode O, Sanusi, Akinsola T, Takure, Augustine O, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman Olajide, Adebisi, Mary Oluwadamilola, Adeleke, Nurudeen Abiola, Afolabi, Rafiat Tinuola, Aremu, Isiaka Ishola, Bello, Jibril Oyekunle, Lawal, Saheed Abolade, Raji, Hadijat Olaide, Igwe, Patrick O, Iweha, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya, John, Raphael E, Okoro, Philemon E, Oriji, Vaduneme Kingsley, Oweredaba, Ibiene T, Majyabere, Jean Paul, Habiyakare, Jean Aimable, Nabada, Marie Gloriose, Masengesho, Jean pierre, Niyomuremyi, Jean Paul, Uwimana, Jean Claude, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, Urimubabo, Christian Jean, Shyirakera, Jean Yves, Adams, Mary Augusta, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, Abdulai, Samira, Agboadoh, Nelson, Akoto, Erica, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, Dedey, Florence, Nsaful, Josephine, Wordui, Theodore, Abubakari, Fatao, Akunyam, Johnson, Ballu, Cletus, Ngaaso, Kennedy, Kyeremeh, Collins, Osei, Edwin, Owusu, Frank, Sie-Broni, Clement, Abdul-Hafiz, Saba, Amadu, Munira, Awe, Martin, Azanlerigu, Millicent, Edwin, Yenli, Maalekuu, Aloysius, Malechi, Hawa, Mohammed, Ibrahim, Mumuni, Kareem, Yahaya, Shekira, Alhassan, Jaabir, Jeffery-Felix, Ametepe, Naah, Gifty, Noufuentes, Carmen, Sakyi, Abraham, Chaudhary, Ramkaran, Misra, Sanjeev, Pareek, Puneet, Pathak, Manish, Sharma, Naveen, Sharma, Nivedita, Huda, Farhanul, Mishra, Neha, Ranjan, Rohit, Singh, Shanky, Solanki, Pratik, Verma, Raunak, Yhoshu, Enono, John, Suzan, Kutma, Ananta, Philips, Sanish, Hepzibah, Alice, Mary, Grace, Chetana, Chetana, Dummala, Prashant, Jacob, Jurgen, Mary, Priya, Samuel, Oliver, Sukumar, Ashwin, Syam, Niyah, Bhatt, Alisha, Bhatti, William, Dhar, Tapasya, Goyal, Ankush, Goyal, Sunita, Jain, Deepak, Jain, Rita, Kaur, Savleen, Kumar, Karan, Luther, Anil, Mahajan, Amit, Mandrelle, Kavita, Michael, Vishal, Mukherjee, Partho, Rajappa, Reuben, Singh, Prashant, Williams, Rahul, D, Sreekar, Kumari, Pushplatha, Shankar, Bharat, Sharma, Srujan, Surendran, Suraj, Thomas, Anita, Trinity, Paul, Kanchodu, Sudheer, Leshiini, K, Bansal, Ishan, Gupta, Sanjay, Gureh, Monika, Kapoor, Simran, Aggarwal, Manisha, Kanna, Vinoth, Kaur, Harmanjot, Kumar, Ashwani, Singh, Simrandeep, Singh, Gurtaj, John, Viju, Adnan, Mohammed, Kumar, Pardeep, S, Abhishek, Sehrawat, Vikram, Singla, Deepak, Thami, Gaurav, Kumar, Vijay, Mathew, Stanley, Akhtar, Naseem, Chaturvedi, Arun, Gupta, Sameer, Prakash, Puneet, Rajan, Shiv, Singh, Mohit, Tripathi, Abhilasha, Thomas, Josy, Zechariah, Pradeep, Kichu, Moloti, Joseph, Susan, Pundir, Neha, Samujh, Ram, Kour, Robindera, Saqib, Najmus, Raul, Subrat, Rautela, Komal, Sharma, Rajeev, Singh, Nishu, Vakil, Rakesh, Chowdhury, Priyanka, Chowdhury, Sona, Roy, Bipradas, Abdullahi, Aisha, Abubakar, Maimuna, Awaisu, Mudi, Bakari, Fadimatu, Bashir, Mohammed, Bello, Ahmad, Daniyan, Muhammad, Gimba, Justina, Gundu, Isaac, Oyelowo, Nasir, Sufyan, Ibrahim, Umaru-Sule, Hajara, Usman, Mohammed, Yahya, Anisah, Yakubu, Alfa, Abdullahi, Muzzammil, Soladoye, Abdulmajeed, Yahaya, Abubakar, Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu, Aminu, Bashiru, Bello-Tukur, Firdaws, Chinyio, Damai, Joshua, Samaila, Lawal, Jamila, Mohammed, Caleb, Nuwam, Deborah, Sale, Danjuma, Sani, Abdulrasheed, Tabara, Salome, Usam, Emmanuel, Yakubu, Josiah, Adegoke, Folasade, Ige, Oluwasuyi, Bakare, Adewumi, Akande, Olukemi, Anyanwu, Noble, Eke, Grace, Oyewole, Yemisi, Abunimye, Esther, Adeoluwa, Adebunmi, Adesiyakan, Adedotun, Amao, Michael, Ashley-Osuzoka, Christiana, Gbenga-Oke, Christianah, Olanrewaju, Olabisi, Olayioye, Olawunmi, Olutola, Stephen, Onyekachi, Kenneth, Osariemen, Emili, Osunwusi, Benedetto, Owie, Emmanuel, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, Ugwunne, Chuka, Olasehinde, Olalekan, Akinloye, Abidemi, Akinniyi, Ayodeji, Ejimogu, Joseph, Okedare, Amos, Omotola, Omolara, Sanwo, Francis, Awodele, Kehinde, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, Alfred, Janet, Atim, Terkaa, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, Olori, amson, Suleiman, Salisu, Sunday, Helen, Ida, Genesis, Oruade, David, Osemwegie, Osarenkhoe, Ajibola, Gboyega, Elemile, Peter, Fakoya, Adegbolahan, Ojediran, Oluwabukade, Olagunju, Naomi, Bello, Robiat, Ojajuni, Adeolu, Oyewale, Sabur, Abhulimen, Victor, Okoi, Nnyonno, Mizero, Japhet, Mutimamwiza, Immaculee, Nirere, Francoise, Niyongombwa, Irenee, Byaruhanga, Anastase, Dukuzimana, Rongin, Uwizeye, Marcel, Ruhosha, Mathias, Igiraneza, joselyne, Ingabire, Faustine, Karekezi, Aloys, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, Mukamazera, Lydia, Mukangabo, Clemence, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, Mukaneza, Francine, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, Ndegamiye, Gibert, Nyirangeri, Pierrine, Tubasiime, Ronald, Dusabe, Moses, Izabiriza, Emelyne, Mutuyimana, Josiane, Mwenedata, Olivier, Rwagahirima, Elisee, Zirikana, Job, Sibomana, Isaie, Rubanguka, Desire, Umuhoza, Josine, Uwayezu, Roda, Uzikwambara, Leoncie, Dieudonne, Aime, Kabanda, Elysee, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, Mukakomite, Christine, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, Butana, Herbert, Dusabeyezu, Moise, Batangana, Mediatrice, Bucyibaruta, Georges, Mukanyange, Violette, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, Mwungura, Espoir, Ncogoza, Isaie, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, Nyirasebura, Dancilla, Dusabimana, Anaclet, Kanyesigye, Sam, Munyaneza, Robert, Hyman, Gabriella, Moore, Rachel, Sentholang, Nnosa, Wondoh, Paul, Ally, Zain, Domingo, Aimee, Munda, Philip, Nyatsambo, Chido, Ojo, Victor, Pswarayi, Rudo, Cook, Jonathan, Jayne, David, Laurberg, Soeren, Brown, Julia, Smart, Neil, and Cousens, Simon
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- 2024
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8. Treatment of schizophrenia with catatonic symptoms: A narrative review
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Caroff, Stanley N., Ungvari, Gabor S., and Gazdag, Gábor
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- 2024
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9. Catatonia during pregnancy and the postpartum period
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Csihi, Levente, Ungvari, Gabor S., Caroff, Stanley N., Mann, Stephan C., and Gazdag, Gábor
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- 2024
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10. The Future of Sleep Staging, Revisited
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Stanley N
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sleep staging ,rechtschaffen and kales ,eeg ,artificial intelligence ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Neil Stanley Independent Sleep Expert, Farnborough, Hampshire, UKCorrespondence: Neil Stanley, Email drrneilstanley@yahoo.co.ukAbstract: In 1996, I published a paper entitled “The Future of Sleep Staging”. At this time, paper and ink records were the standard way of recording sleep records. Computerised systems had only recently become commercially available. The original article was a response to those initial computer-based systems, pointing out the potential limitations of the systems. Now, digital sleep recording is ubiquitous and software and hardware capabilities have improved immeasurably. However, I will argue that despite 50 years of progress, there has not been an increase in the accuracy of sleep staging. I will propose that this is due to the limitations of the task that we have set the automatic analysis methods.Keywords: sleep staging, Rechtschaffen and Kales, EEG, artificial intelligence
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- 2023
11. Burden of fungal infections in Kenya
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Stanley N. Ratemo and David W Denning
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Mycetoma ,cryptococcal meningitis ,pneumocystis ,candida ,aspergillus ,asthma ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
ABSTRACTThe burden of fungal infections has been on the rise globally and remains a significant public health concern in Kenya. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of fungal infections using all mycology publications in Kenya up to January 2023, and from neighbouring countries where data lacked. We used deterministic modelling using populations at risk to calculate the disease burden. The total burden of serious fungal infections is estimated to affect 6,328,294 persons which translates to 11.57% of the Kenyan population. Those suffering from chronic infections such as chronic pulmonary aspergillosis are estimated to be 100,570 people (0.2% of the population) and probably nearly 200,000 with fungal asthma, all treatable with oral antifungal therapy. Serious acute fungal infections secondary to HIV (cryptococcal meningitis, disseminated histoplasmosis, pneumocystis pneumonia, and mucosal candidiasis) affect 196,543 adults and children (0.4% of the total population), while cancer-related invasive fungal infection cases probably exceed 2,299 and those in intensive care about 1,230 incident cases, including Candida auris bloodstream infection. The burden of fungal infections in Kenya is high; however, limited diagnostic test availability, low clinician awareness and inadequate laboratory capacity constrain the country’s health system in responding to the syndemic of fungal disease in Kenya.
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- 2023
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12. DNA recognition and induced genome modification by a hydroxymethyl-γ tail-clamp peptide nucleic acid
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Oyaghire, Stanley N., Quijano, Elias, Perera, J. Dinithi R., Mandl, Hanna K., Saltzman, W. Mark, Bahal, Raman, and Glazer, Peter M.
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- 2023
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13. Expanding phenomenologic heterogeneity of tardive syndromes: Time for an updated assessment tool
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Bhidayasiri, Roongroj, Kane, John M, Frei, Karen P, Caroff, Stanley N, Correll, Christoph U, Fahn, Stanley, Jankovic, Joseph, Hauser, Robert A, and Truong, Daniel D
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Psychology ,Neurodegenerative ,Brain Disorders ,Neurosciences ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Dyskinesias ,Humans ,Movement Disorders ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Tardive Dyskinesia ,Tetrabenazine ,Tardive dyskinesia ,Antipsychotics ,Rating scales ,Assessment tools ,Abnormal involuntary rating scale ,Clinical Sciences ,Cognitive Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Clinical sciences ,Biological psychology - Abstract
Tardive syndromes (TDS) are a group of hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movement disorders that occurs after exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents such as antipsychotic and antiemetic drugs. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) is a widely used instrument that has become the standard for assessment of tardive dyskinesia (TDD), the most common form of TDS. However, the AIMS has a number of clinimetric limitations and was designed primarily to assess the anatomic distribution and severity of involuntary movements without regard to phenomenology. To build on recent advances in understanding and treatment of TDS, re-evaluation and revision of the AIMS that could aid both clinical practice and research may be worthwhile. Challenges, such as retaining the efficiency of the current AIMS, incorporating evaluation of impairment in daily activities, and re-training clinicians for a revised examination procedure and rating instrument, are very likely surmountable.
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- 2020
14. RE-KINECT
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Caroff, Stanley N, Yeomans, Karen, Lenderking, William R, Cutler, Andrew J, Tanner, Caroline M, Shalhoub, Huda, Pagé, Véronique, Chen, Jun, Franey, Ericha, and Yonan, Chuck
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Schizophrenia ,Brain Disorders ,Clinical Research ,Mental Health ,Mental health ,Age Factors ,Antipsychotic Agents ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Mental Disorders ,Middle Aged ,Outpatients ,Prospective Studies ,Quality of Life ,Tardive Dyskinesia ,United States ,tardive dyskinesia ,antipsychotics ,movement disorders ,schizophrenia ,mood disorders ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Psychology and Cognitive Sciences ,Psychiatry - Abstract
Purpose/backgroundRE-KINECT (NCT03062033) was designed to assess the presence and impact of possible tardive dyskinesia (TD) in antipsychotic-treated outpatients.Methods/proceduresThe study included adults with 3 or more months of lifetime antipsychotic exposure and 1 or more psychiatric disorder. Based on clinician observation and assessment, patients were assigned to cohort 1 (without involuntary movements or with non-TD involuntary movements) or cohort 2 (with involuntary movements confirmed by clinician as possible TD). Baseline assessments included the following: patient characteristics; location/severity of involuntary movements; and impact of possible TD on health-related quality of life, including the EuroQoL 5-Dimensions 5-Level questionnaire.Findings/resultsOf 739 eligible patients, 204 (27.6%) had clinician-confirmed possible TD (cohort 2). Compared with cohort 1, patients in cohort 2 were significantly older (P < 0.0001), more likely to have schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (P < 0.0001) and longer lifetime exposure to antipsychotics (P < 0.0001), and less likely to be working or studying, based on clinician perception (P = 0.0010). Clinician- and patient-rated severity of possible TD movements was significantly correlated in each of 4 body regions (head/face, neck/trunk, upper extremities, lower extremities), for maximum severity in any region, and for total number of affected regions (P < 0.001 for all correlations). For the patient-rated EuroQoL 5-Dimensions 5-Level, the health state visual analog scale score was significantly lower (worse) in cohort 2 versus cohort 1 (66.8 vs 69.7; P = 0.0002), as was the utility index score (0.71 vs 0.76; P < 0.0175).Implications/conclusionsResults from this real-world population indicate that TD occurs frequently and can significantly reduce quality of life in patients with a psychiatric disorder.
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- 2020
15. Impact of possible tardive dyskinesia on physical wellness and social functioning: results from the real-world RE-KINECT study
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Caroline M. Tanner, Stanley N. Caroff, Andrew J. Cutler, William R. Lenderking, Huda Shalhoub, Véronique Pagé, Ericha G. Franey, Michael Serbin, and Chuck Yonan
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Tardive dyskinesia ,Quality of life ,Function ,Real-world evidence ,Antipsychotic agents ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a persistent and potentially disabling movement disorder associated with antipsychotic use. Data from RE-KINECT, a real-world study of antipsychotic-treated outpatients, were analyzed to assess the effects of possible TD on patient health and social functioning. Methods Analyses were conducted in Cohort 1 (patients with no abnormal involuntary movements) and Cohort 2 (patients with possible TD per clinician judgment). Assessments included: EuroQoL’s EQ-5D-5L utility (health); Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) total score (social functioning); patient- and clinician-rated severity of possible TD (“none”, “some”, “a lot”); and patient-rated impact of possible TD (“none”, “some”, “a lot”). Regression models were used to analyze the following: associations between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and lower (worse) EQ-5D-5L utility (indicated by negative regression coefficients); and associations between higher (worse) severity/impact scores and higher (worse) SDS total score (indicated by positive regression coefficients). Results In Cohort 2 patients who were aware of their abnormal movements, patient-rated TD impact was highly and significantly associated with EQ-5D-5L utility (regression coefficient: − 0.023, P
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- 2023
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16. Malignant Catatonia
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Mann, Stephan C., Caroff, Stanley N., Campbell, E. Cabrina, Tarsy, Daniel, Series Editor, and Frucht, Steven J., editor
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- 2022
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17. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
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Caroff, Stanley N., Mann, Stephan C., Sullivan, Kenneth A., Campbell, E. Cabrina, Tarsy, Daniel, Series Editor, and Frucht, Steven J., editor
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- 2022
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18. Intravenous dantrolene in hypermetabolic syndromes: a survey of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration database
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Stanley N. Caroff, Christopher B. Roberts, Henry Rosenberg, Joseph R. Tobin, Stacey Watt, Darlene Mashman, Sheila Riazi, and Rosalind M. Berkowitz
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Dantrolene ,Malignant hyperthermia ,Neuroleptic malignant syndrome ,Serotonin syndrome ,Heatstroke ,Sepsis ,Anesthesiology ,RD78.3-87.3 - Abstract
Abstract Background Intravenous dantrolene is often prescribed for hypermetabolic syndromes other than the approved indication of malignant hyperthermia (MH). To clarify the extent of and indications for dantrolene use in conditions other than MH, we sought to document current practices in the frequency, diagnoses, clinical characteristics and outcomes associated with dantrolene treatment in critical care settings. Methods Inpatients receiving intravenous dantrolene from October 1, 2004 to September 30, 2014 were identified retrospectively in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration national database. Extracted data included; diagnoses of hypermetabolic syndromes; triggering drugs; dantrolene dosages; demographics; vital signs; laboratory values; in-hospital mortality; complications; and lengths of stay. Frequency and mortality of patients who did not receive dantrolene were obtained in selected diagnoses for exploratory comparisons. Results Dantrolene was administered to 304 inpatients. The most frequent diagnoses associated with dantrolene treatment were neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS; N = 108, 35.53%) and sepsis (N = 47, 15.46%), with MH accounting for only 13 (4.28%) cases. Over half the patients had psychiatric comorbidities and received psychotropic drugs before dantrolene treatment. Common clinical findings in patients receiving dantrolene included elevated temperature (mean ± SD; 38.7 ± 1.3 °C), pulse (116.33 ± 22.80/bpm), respirations (27.75 ± 9.58/min), creatine kinase levels (2,859.37 ± 6,646.88 IU/L) and low pO2 (74.93 ± 40.16 mmHg). Respiratory, renal or cardiac failure were common complications. Mortality rates in-hospital were 24.01% overall, 7.69% in MH, 20.37% in NMS and 42.55% in sepsis, compared with mortality rates in larger and possibly less severe groups of unmatched patients with MH (5.26%), NMS (6.66%), or sepsis (41.91%) who did not receive dantrolene. Conclusions In over 95% of cases, dantrolene administration was associated with diagnoses other than MH in critically-ill patients with hypermetabolic symptoms and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Exploratory survey data suggested that the efficacy and safety of dantrolene in preventing mortality in hypermetabolic syndromes other than MH remain uncertain. However, randomized and controlled studies using standardized criteria between groups matched for severity are essential to guide practice in using dantrolene.
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- 2022
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19. Correction: Academic global surgical competencies: A modified Delphi consensus study.
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Natalie Pawlak, Christine Dart, Hernan Sacoto Aguilar, Emmanuel Ameh, Abebe Bekele, Maria F Jimenez, Kokila Lakhoo, Doruk Ozgediz, Nobhojit Roy, Girma Terfera, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Barnabas Tobi Alayande, Nivaldo Alonso, Geoffrey A Anderson, Stanley N C Anyanwu, Alazar Berhe Aregawi, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Tahmina Banu, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Anteneh Gadisa Belachew, Fabio Botelho, Emmanuel Bua, Leticia Nunes Campos, Chris Dodgion, Michalina Drejza, Marcel E Durieux, Rohini Dutta, Sarnai Erdene, Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira, Zipporah Gathuya, Dhruva Ghosh, Randeep Singh Jawa, Walter D Johnson, Fauzia Anis Khan, Fanny Jamileth Navas Leon, Kristin L Long, Jana B A Macleod, Anshul Mahajan, Rebecca G Maine, Grace Zurielle C Malolos, Craig D McClain, Mary T Nabukenya, Peter M Nthumba, Benedict C Nwomeh, Daniel Kinyuru Ojuka, Norgrove Penny, Martha A Quiodettis, Jennifer Rickard, Lina Roa, Lucas Sousa Salgado, Lubna Samad, Justina Onyioza Seyi-Olajide, Martin Smith, Nichole Starr, Richard J Stewart, John L Tarpley, Julio L Trostchansky, Ivan Trostchansky, Thomas G Weiser, Adili Wobenjo, Elliot Wollner, and Sudha Jayaraman
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002102.].
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- 2023
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20. Academic global surgical competencies: A modified Delphi consensus study.
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Natalie Pawlak, Christine Dart, Hernan Sacoto Aguilar, Emmanuel Ameh, Abebe Bekele, Maria F Jimenez, Kokila Lakhoo, Doruk Ozgediz, Nobhojit Roy, Girma Terfera, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Barnabas Tobi Alayande, Nivaldo Alonso, Geoffrey A Anderson, Stanley N C Anyanwu, Alazar Berhe Aregawi, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Tahmina Banu, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Anteneh Gadisa Belachew, Fabio Botelho, Emmanuel Bua, Leticia Nunes Campos, Chris Dodgion, Michalina Drejza, Marcel E Durieux, Rohini Dutta, Sarnai Erdene, Rodrigo Vaz Ferreira, Zipporah Gathuya, Dhruva Ghosh, Randeep Singh Jawa, Walter D Johnson, Fauzia Anis Khan, Fanny Jamileth Navas Leon, Kristin L Long, Jana B. A. Macleod, Anshul Mahajan, Rebecca G Maine, Grace Zurielle C Malolos, Craig D McClain, Mary T Nabukenya, Peter M Nthumba, Benedict C Nwomeh, Daniel Kinyuru Ojuka, Norgrove Penny, Martha A Quiodettis, Jennifer Rickard, Lina Roa, Lucas Sousa Salgado, Lubna Samad, Justina Onyioza Seyi-Olajide, Martin Smith, Nichole Starr, Richard J Stewart, John L Tarpley, Julio L Trostchansky, Ivan Trostchansky, Thomas G Weiser, Adili Wobenjo, Elliot Wollner, and Sudha Jayaraman
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Academic global surgery is a rapidly growing field that aims to improve access to safe surgical care worldwide. However, no universally accepted competencies exist to inform this developing field. A consensus-based approach, with input from a diverse group of experts, is needed to identify essential competencies that will lead to standardization in this field. A task force was set up using snowball sampling to recruit a broad group of content and context experts in global surgical and perioperative care. A draft set of competencies was revised through the modified Delphi process with two rounds of anonymous input. A threshold of 80% consensus was used to determine whether a competency or sub-competency learning objective was relevant to the skillset needed within academic global surgery and perioperative care. A diverse task force recruited experts from 22 countries to participate in both rounds of the Delphi process. Of the n = 59 respondents completing both rounds of iterative polling, 63% were from low- or middle-income countries. After two rounds of anonymous feedback, participants reached consensus on nine core competencies and 31 sub-competency objectives. The greatest consensus pertained to competency in ethics and professionalism in global surgery (100%) with emphasis on justice, equity, and decolonization across multiple competencies. This Delphi process, with input from experts worldwide, identified nine competencies which can be used to develop standardized academic global surgery and perioperative care curricula worldwide. Further work needs to be done to validate these competencies and establish assessments to ensure that they are taught effectively.
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- 2023
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21. Intravenous dantrolene in hypermetabolic syndromes: a survey of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration database
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Caroff, Stanley N., Roberts, Christopher B., Rosenberg, Henry, Tobin, Joseph R., Watt, Stacey, Mashman, Darlene, Riazi, Sheila, and Berkowitz, Rosalind M.
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- 2022
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22. Drug-Induced Hypermetabolic Syndromes
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Caroff, Stanley N., primary, Mann, Stephan C., additional, Sullivan, Kenneth, additional, and Macfadden, Wayne, additional
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- 2022
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23. Novel Dihydropteridinone Derivatives As Potent Inhibitors of the Understudied Human Kinases Vaccinia-Related Kinase 1 and Casein Kinase 1δ/ε
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de Souza Gama, Fernando H., primary, Dutra, Luiz A., additional, Hawgood, Michael, additional, dos Reis, Caio Vinícius, additional, Serafim, Ricardo A. M., additional, Ferreira, Marcos A., additional, Teodoro, Bruno V. M., additional, Takarada, Jéssica Emi, additional, Santiago, André S., additional, Balourdas, Dimitrios-Ilias, additional, Nilsson, Ann-Sofie, additional, Urien, Bruno, additional, Almeida, Vitor M., additional, Gileadi, Carina, additional, Ramos, Priscila Z., additional, Salmazo, Anita, additional, Vasconcelos, Stanley N. S., additional, Cunha, Micael R., additional, Mueller, Susanne, additional, Knapp, Stefan, additional, Massirer, Katlin B., additional, Elkins, Jonathan M., additional, Gileadi, Opher, additional, Mascarello, Alessandra, additional, Lemmens, Bennie B. L. G., additional, Guimarães, Cristiano R. W., additional, Azevedo, Hatylas, additional, and Couñago, Rafael M., additional
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- 2024
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24. First 150 years of catatonia: Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead
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Csihi, Levente, primary, Ungvari, Gabor S, additional, Caroff, Stanley N, additional, and Gazdag, Gábor, additional
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- 2024
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25. Domestic Homicide Review Committees’ recommendations and impacts: a systematic review
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Jones, C, Bracewell, K, Clegg, A, Stanley, N, Chantler, K, Jones, C, Bracewell, K, Clegg, A, Stanley, N, and Chantler, K
- Abstract
Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews/Domestic Homicide Reviews (DVFRs/DHRs) are multi-agency reviews aimed at reducing domestic homicides. This study systematically reviews research that examines DVFR/DHR recommendations, impact of these recommendations and proposals for improving DVFR/DHR processes. A narrative synthesis was adopted due to the diversity of the 11 studies reviewed. Themes identified from recommendations included: training and awareness; service provision and coordination; and recommendations for children. Regarding DVFR/DHR processes, standardization, diverse teams, and additional resources were highlighted. There was little evidence of whether DVFR/DHR recommendations were implemented. Findings can strengthen DVFR/DHR operationalization and impacts.
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- 2024
26. Construction of Biologically Functional Bacterial Plasmids In Vitro
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Cohen, Stanley N., primary, Chang, Annie C. Y., additional, Boyer, Herbert W., additional, and Helling, Robert B., additional
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- 2021
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27. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
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Caroff, Stanley N., primary, Mann, Stephan C., additional, Sullivan, Kenneth A., additional, and Campbell, E. Cabrina, additional
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- 2021
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28. Malignant Catatonia
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Mann, Stephan C., primary, Caroff, Stanley N., additional, and Campbell, E. Cabrina, additional
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- 2021
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29. The cyclical revival of psychedelics in psychiatric treatment.
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Appiani, Francisco J. and Caroff, Stanley N.
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COMPULSIVE behavior , *THERAPEUTICS , *PSYCHIATRIC treatment , *MEDICAL research , *HALLUCINOGENIC drugs - Abstract
There is an increasing demand for effective treatments for depression, particularly for individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. Over recent years, a surge of interest has focused on exploring the safety and efficacy of psilocybin as a potential treatment for depression. However, preliminary findings from phase 2 studies have been inconclusive, prompting critical examination of issues such as maintaining blinding and the role of adjunctive psychotherapy. The maintenance of double-blinding and the role of adjunctive psychotherapy introduce biases that complicate the attainment of conclusive results in clinical research. Examining historical data reveals a recurrent pattern linked to the use of psychoactive substances, which starts with an excess of optimism and ends with general addictive behaviors and a heightened risk of serious public health problems. Considering these findings, a cautious and measured approach is imperative, given that the efficacy and safety of psilocybin treatment have yet to be unequivocally established. The potential for excessive optimism among researchers is a notable concern, as unwarranted enthusiasm may inadvertently facilitate the widespread adoption of this treatment without sufficient empirical support. In navigating the complexities of depression treatment, it is necessary to strike a balance between innovation and prudence to ensure evidence-based advancement of therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. A Systematic Review of Oral Vertical Dyskinesia ("Rabbit" Syndrome).
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Rissardo, Jamir Pitton, Kherajani, Krish, Vora, Nilofar Murtaza, Yatakarla, Venkatesh, Fornari Caprara, Ana Letícia, Ratliff, Jeffrey, and Caroff, Stanley N.
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TARDIVE dyskinesia ,LITERATURE reviews ,IDIOPATHIC diseases ,MOVEMENT disorders ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals - Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vertical rhythmic dyskinetic movements that are primarily drug-induced and affect solely the jaw, mouth, and lips without involving the tongue have been historically described as "rabbit" syndrome (RS). Evidence on the unique features and implications of this disorder remains limited. This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical–epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of this movement disorder. Materials and Methods: Two reviewers identified and assessed relevant reports in six databases without language restriction published between 1972 and 2024. Results: A total of 85 articles containing 146 cases of RS were found. The mean frequency of RS among adults in psychiatric hospitals was 1.2% (range 0–4.4%). The mean age of affected patients was 49.2 (SD: 17.5), and 63.6% were females. Schizophrenia was the most frequent comorbidity found in 47.6%, followed by bipolar disorder (17.8%), major depressive disorder (10.3%), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (3.7%). Five cases were idiopathic. The most common medications associated with RS were haloperidol (17%), risperidone (14%), aripiprazole (7%), trifluoperazine (5%), and sulpiride (5%). The mean duration of pharmacotherapy before RS was 21.4 weeks (SD: 20.6). RS occurred in association with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in 27.4% and with tardive dyskinesia (TD) in 8.2% of cases. Antipsychotic modification and/or anticholinergic drugs resulted in full or partial recovery in nearly all reported cases in which they were prescribed. Conclusions: RS occurs as a distinct drug-induced syndrome associated primarily but not exclusively with antipsychotics. Distinguishing RS from TD is important because the treatment options for the two disorders are quite different. By contrast, RS may be part of a spectrum of symptoms of DIP with similar course, treatment outcomes, and pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. Prevalence of Aflatoxins B1 in livestock feeds and its awareness among selected small and medium scale farmers in Zambia.
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Stanley, N. S., Jay, M., Gilbert, N., Dominic, M. B., Bruno, P., and Fredreick, B.
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FEED contamination ,ASPERGILLUS parasiticus ,ANIMAL feeds ,ASPERGILLUS flavus ,AFLATOXINS - Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a poisonous and carcinogenic fungal by-product produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus species, causing acute and chronic toxicity in humans and animals. The global concern surrounding AFB1 arises from its adverse effects on public health, the economy, and social well-being. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of AFB1 in feeds and its awareness among small and medium scale livestock farmers. Livestock feed samples were randomly collected and analyzed in the laboratory for fungi known to produce aflatoxins using selective media. The positive samples were subjected to QSight LX50 UHPLC coupled with QSight 220 triple quadrupole Mass Spectrometer analysis to confirm presence of AFB1 and determine the quantity of the levels of AFB1. The questionnaire was employed to assess cognizance of aflatoxin among livestock farmers. On average every 27 out of 100 collected samples were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins. Poultry feeds had the highest contamination followed by feeds for other species. Further analysis revealed a significant association between storage and aflatoxins contaminations (X²= 10.65; p-value= 0.03). The contamination ranged from 6.5 to70.2ng g
-1 of AFB1. The study also revealed a varied levels of awareness on AFB1 between small and medium scale farmers with medium scale farmers having a relatively higher awareness on the effect of AFB1 than small scale farmers. The presence of AFB1 shows that it is necessary to implement mitigation measures that focus on reducing the incidence of aflatoxin contamination, and improvement of AFB1 awareness in small and medium scale livestock farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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32. Routine sterile glove and instrument change at the time of abdominal wound closure to prevent surgical site infection (ChEETAh): a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial in seven low-income and middle-income countries
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Bywater, Edward, primary, Martinez, Laura, additional, Habumuremyi, Sosthene, additional, Ntirenganya, Faustin, additional, Williams, Emmanuel, additional, Tabiri, Stephen, additional, Fourtounas, Maria, additional, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., additional, Melic, Bokossa K. Covalic, additional, Ghosh, Dhruv N., additional, Suroy, Atul, additional, Ahogni, Didier, additional, Ahounou, Aristide, additional, Boukari, K. Alassan, additional, Gbehade, Oswald, additional, Hessou, Thierry K, additional, Nindopa, Sinama, additional, Nontonwanou, M.J. Bienvenue, additional, Guessou, Nafissatou Orou, additional, Sambo, Arouna, additional, Tchati, Sorekou Victoire, additional, Tchogo, Affisatou, additional, Tobome, Semevo Romaric, additional, Yanto, Parfait, additional, Gandaho, Isidore, additional, Hadonou, Armel, additional, Hinvo, Simplice, additional, Hodonou, Montcho Adrien, additional, Tamou, Sambo Bio, additional, Lawani, Souliath, additional, Dossou, Francis Moise, additional, Gaou, Antoine, additional, Goudou, Roland, additional, Kouroumta, Marie-Claire, additional, Lawani, Ismail, additional, Malade, Enrif, additional, Dikao, Anne stredy Mkoh, additional, Nsilu, Joel Nzuwa, additional, Ogouyemi, Pencome, additional, Akpla, Marcelin, additional, Mitima, Nathan Bisimwa, additional, Kovohouande, Blaise, additional, Loupeda, Stephane Laurent, additional, Agbangla, Mamonde Victorin, additional, Hedefoun, Sena Emmanuel, additional, Mavoha, Thierry, additional, Ngaguene, Juvenal, additional, Rugendabanga, Janvier, additional, Soton, Rish Romaric, additional, Totin, Martin, additional, Agbadebo, Mouhamed, additional, Dewamon, Hubert, additional, Akpo, Irene, additional, Djeto, Martin, additional, Hada, Aissatou, additional, Hollo, Monsede, additional, Houndji, Albert, additional, Houndote, Anasthasie, additional, Hounsa, Sylvestre, additional, Kpatchassou, Expedit, additional, Yome, Hugues, additional, Alidou, Mohamed Moussa, additional, Bara, Eric Jerry, additional, Yovo, B.T. Bonheur Dossou, additional, Guinnou, Robert, additional, Hamadou, Souleymane, additional, Kola, H. Pauline, additional, Moussa, Nabil, additional, Cakpo, Boniface, additional, Etchisse, Lolyta, additional, Hatangimana, Emery, additional, Muhindo, Moise, additional, Sanni, Katia, additional, Yevide, Agossou Barthelemy, additional, Agossou, Hermann, additional, Musengo, Fiston Basirwa, additional, Behanzin, Hulrich, additional, Seto, Djifid Morel, additional, Alia, Bill Armstrong, additional, Alitonou, Arnaud, additional, Mehounou, Y.Edith, additional, Agbanda, Lucien, additional, Attinon, Julien, additional, Hounsou, Nounagnon Rene, additional, Gbassi, Marcel, additional, Adagrah, Aniakwo, additional, Alhassan, Bin Baaba Alhaji, additional, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel Pokuah, additional, Appiah, Anthony Baffour, additional, Asante-Asamani, Alvin, additional, Boakye, Benedict, additional, Debrah, Samuel A, additional, Ganiyu, Rahman Adebisi, additional, Enti, Donald, additional, Koggoh, Patience, additional, Kpankpari, Richard, additional, Opandoh, Isanella Naa M., additional, Manu, Meshach Agyemang, additional, Manu, Maison Patrick Opoku, additional, Mensah, Samuel, additional, Morna, Martin Tangnaa, additional, Nortey, Michael, additional, Nkrumah, John, additional, Ofori, Emmanuel Owusu, additional, Quartson, Elizaberth Mercy, additional, Acquah, Ato Oppong, additional, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie Issa, additional, Asabre, Esther, additional, Boateng, Ruby Acheampong, additional, Koomson, Barbara, additional, Kusiwaa, Ataa, additional, Twerefour, Emmanuel Yaw, additional, Ankomah, James, additional, Assah-Adjei, Frank, additional, Boakye, Anthony Appiah, additional, Fosu, Godfred, additional, Serbeh, Godwin, additional, Gyan, Kofi Yeboah, additional, Nyarko, Isaac Omane, additional, Robertson, Zelda, additional, Acheampong, Dorcas O, additional, Acquaye, Jane, additional, Adinku, Michael, additional, Agbedinu, Kwabena, additional, Agbeko, Anita Eseenam, additional, Amankwa, Emmanuel Gyimah, additional, Amoah, Michael, additional, Amoah, George, additional, Appiah, Juliana, additional, Arthur, Joshua, additional, Ayim, Alex, additional, Ayodeji, Emmanuel Kafui, additional, Boakye-Yiadom, Jonathan, additional, Boateng, Edward Amoah, additional, Dally, Charles, additional, Davor, Anthony, additional, Gyasi-Sarpong, Christian Kofi, additional, Hamidu, Naabo Nuhu Noel, additional, Haruna, Iddrisu, additional, Kwarley, Naa, additional, Lovi, Agbenya Kobla, additional, Nimako, Boateng, additional, Nyadu, Bertina Beauty, additional, Opoku, Dominic, additional, Osabutey, Anita, additional, Sagoe, Robert, additional, Tuffour, Samuel, additional, Tufour, Yaa, additional, Yamoah, Francis Akwaw, additional, Yefieye, Abiboye Cheduko, additional, Yorke, Joseph, additional, Addo, Kwame Gyambibi, additional, Akosa, Enoch Appiah, additional, Boakye, Percy, additional, Coompson, Christian Larbi, additional, Gyamfi, Brian, additional, Kontor, Bismark Effah, additional, Kyeremeh, Christian, additional, Manu, Ruth, additional, Mensah, Elijah, additional, Solae, Friko Ibrahim, additional, Toffah, Gideon Kwasi, additional, Adu-Brobbey, Raphael, additional, Labaran, Abdul-Hamid, additional, Owusu, Junior Atta, additional, Adobea, Vivian, additional, Bennin, Amos, additional, Dankwah, Fred, additional, Doe, Stanley, additional, Kantanka, Ruth Sarfo, additional, Kobby, Ephraim, additional, Larnyor, Hanson, additional, Owusu, Prince Yeboah, additional, Sie-Broni, Clement Ayum, additional, Zume, Marshall, additional, Abantanga, Francis Atindaana, additional, Abdulai, Darling Ramatu, additional, Acquah, Daniel Kwesi, additional, Ayingayure, Emmanuel, additional, Osman, Imoro, additional, Kunfah, Sheba, additional, Limann, Gbana, additional, Mohammed, Shamudeen Ahhassan, additional, Mohammed, Sheriff, additional, Musah, Yakubu, additional, Ofori, Bernard, additional, Owusu, Emmanuel Abem, additional, Saba, Abdul-Hafiz, additional, Seidu, Anwar Sadat, additional, Yakubu, Mustapha, additional, Yenli, Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-ang, additional, Bhatti, Kavita, additional, Dhiman, Jyoti, additional, Dhir, Karan, additional, Hans, Monika, additional, Haque, Parvez, additional, Jesudason, Esther Daniel Mark, additional, Madankumar, Latha, additional, Mittal, Rohin, additional, Nagomy, Ida, additional, Prasad, Soosan, additional, Dasari, Amos, additional, Jacob, Priya, additional, Kurien, Elizabeth, additional, Mathew, Arpit, additional, Prakash, Danita, additional, Susan, Anju, additional, Varghese, Rose, additional, Ortiz, Reyes Cervantes, additional, Gonzalez, Gonzalo Hernandez, additional, Krauss, Rosa Hernandez, additional, Miguelena, Luis Hernández, additional, Romero, Marco Hurtado, additional, Gomez, Isaac Baltazar, additional, Aguirre, Celina Cuellar, additional, Avendaño, Alejandro Cuevas, additional, Sansores, Luis Dominguez, additional, Mejia, Hector Ortiz, additional, Campo, Laura Urdapilleta Gomez del, additional, Sánchez, Irani Durán, additional, Vazquez, Diana Gonzalez, additional, Lara, Maria Martínez, additional, Maldonado, Laura Martinez Perez, additional, Fuente, Alejandra Nayen Sainz de la, additional, Medina, Antonio Ramos De la, additional, Adeleye, Victoria, additional, Adeniyi, Oluwafunmilayo, additional, Akinajo, Opeyemi, additional, Akinboyewa, David, additional, Alasi, Iyabo, additional, Alakaloko, Felix, additional, Atoyebi, Oluwole, additional, Balogun, Olanrewaju, additional, Belie, Orimisan, additional, Bode, Christopher, additional, Ekwesianya, Andrew, additional, Elebute, Olumide, additional, Ezenwankwo, Francis, additional, Fatuga, Adedeji, additional, Ihediwa, George, additional, Jimoh, Adesola, additional, Kuku, Jubril, additional, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun, additional, Makanjuola, Ayomide, additional, Mokwenyei, Olayanju, additional, Nwokocha, Samuel, additional, Ogein, Olubunmi, additional, Ojewola, Rufus, additional, Oladimeji, Abraham, additional, Olajide, Thomas, additional, Oluseye, Oluwaseun, additional, Seyi-Olajide, Justina, additional, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah, additional, Ugwu, Aloy, additional, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman, additional, Adeleke, Nurudeen, additional, Adesola, Muideen, additional, Afolabi, Rafiat, additional, Agodirin, Sulaiman, additional, Aremu, Isiaka, additional, Bello, Jibril, additional, Lawal, Saheed, additional, Lawal, Abdulwahab, additional, Raji, Hadijat, additional, Sayomi, Olayinka, additional, Shittu, Asimiyu, additional, Acquah, Regina, additional, Banka, Charles, additional, Esssien, Derick, additional, Hussey, Romeo, additional, Mustapha, Yakubu, additional, Nunoo-Ghartey, Kojo, additional, Yeboah, Grace, additional, Aniakwo, Luke A, additional, Adjei, Margarey N M, additional, Adofo-Asamoah, Yvonne, additional, Agyapong, Meshach M, additional, Agyen, Thomas, additional, Alhassan, Baba A B, additional, Amoako-Boateng, Mabel P, additional, Ashong, Josephine, additional, Awindaogo, Joseph K, additional, Brimpong, Benjamin B, additional, Dayie, Makafui S C J K, additional, Ghansah, Wendy W, additional, Gyamfi, Jude E, additional, Kudoh, Vincent, additional, Mensah, Philip, additional, Opandoh, Isabella N Morkor, additional, Morna, Martin T, additional, Odame, Emelia, additional, Ofori, Emmanuel O, additional, Quaicoo, Sandra, additional, Quartson, Elizabert M, additional, Teye-Topey, Cynthia, additional, Yigah, Makafui, additional, Yussif, Safia, additional, Adjei-Acquah, Esther, additional, Agyekum-Gyimah, Vera O, additional, Agyemang, Eric, additional, AkotoAmpaw, Arko, additional, Amponsah-Manu, Forster, additional, Arkorful, Temitope E, additional, Dokurugu, Moses A, additional, Essel, Nanabanyin, additional, Ijeoma, Aja, additional, Obiri, Emmanuel L, additional, Ofosu-Akromah, Richard, additional, Quarchey, Karen N D, additional, Adam-Zakariah, Leslie, additional, Andoh, Aaron B, additional, Boateng, Ruby A, additional, Kusiwaa, Atta, additional, Naah, Adeline, additional, Oppon-Acquah, Ato, additional, Oppong, Benjamin A, additional, Agbowada, Emma A, additional, Akosua, Ameley, additional, Armah, Ralph, additional, Asare, Christopher, additional, Awere-Kyere, Lawrence K B, additional, Bruce-Adjei, Amanda, additional, Christian, Nana Ama, additional, Gakpetor, Delali A, additional, Kennedy, Korankye K, additional, Mends-Odro, Jacqueline, additional, Obbeng, Ambe, additional, Ofosuhene, Doris, additional, Osei-Poku, Dorcas, additional, Ciociano, Maria Chávez Jonathan M Chejfec, additional, Valle, Carlos J Zuloaga Fernández del, additional, Aziz, Hafsa I Ahmed Gowhar, additional, Calvillo, Marijose De Cristo Gonzalez, additional, Iriarte, David Giovanny I Morales, additional, Namur, Luz del Carmen M, additional, Mustapha, Bilkisu K Lawal Aisha, additional, Utumatwishima, Athanasie Mukasine Jean N, additional, Abdul-Aziz, Iddrisu I A, additional, Anasara, Gilbert A G, additional, Ogudi, David K D, additional, Quansah, Jonathan I K, additional, Kumar, Nivesh Agrawal Uttkarsh, additional, Mehraj, Imtiyaz Mantoo Asif, additional, Nayak, Sonia Mathai Pragyanmai, additional, Díaz, Kriscia V Ascencio, additional, Herrera, Victor J Avalos, additional, Camacho, Francisco J Barbosa, additional, Pérez, Irma V Brancaccio, additional, Llamas, Miguel A Calderón, additional, Cardona, Guillermo A Cervantes, additional, Andrade, Luis R Cifuentes, additional, Flores, Ana O Cortés, additional, Torres, Edgar J Cortes, additional, Valadez, Tania A Cueto, additional, Valadez, Andrea E Cueto, additional, Cardoza, Jose A Flores, additional, González, Luis A García, additional, Bojorquez, Jaime L González, additional, Ponce, Fanny Y González, additional, Ramírez, Cristhian S Guerrero, additional, Barba, José A Guzmán, additional, Ramírez, Bertha G Guzmán, additional, Ruvalcaba, Mario J Guzmán, additional, Alva, Daniel A Hérnandez, additional, Camargo, Silvia A Ibarra, additional, Peña, Juan C Ibarrola, additional, Pérez, Zayra M Lara, additional, Tellez, Mel P Mellado, additional, Ackerman, Roberto C Miranda, additional, Vallejo, Luis R Pacheco, additional, Bocanegra, Víctor H Pérez, additional, Navarro, Jose V Pérez, additional, Posada, Francisco J Plascencia, additional, Hernández, María A Quirarte, additional, Gonzalez, Luis R Ramirez, additional, Elizalde, Emilio A Reyes, additional, Ascencio, Evelia V Romo, additional, Velasco, Carlos B Ruiz, additional, Martínez, José A Sánchez, additional, Pulido, José I Sandoval, additional, García, Alejandro G Serrano, additional, Carreón, Luis O Suárez, additional, Ávila, Juan J Tijerina, additional, Gastelum, Jesus O Vega, additional, Ramirez, Melissa L Vicencio, additional, Casas, Maria F Zarate, additional, Mata, Jesus Antonion Aguilar, additional, Vanegas, Miguel Antonio Calderon, additional, Arias, Rocio Guadalupe Cano, additional, Barajas, Brenda Vanessa Enriquez, additional, Angeles, Laura Olivia Montano, additional, Lomeli, Angelo Fernando Mortola, additional, Navarro, Jose Esteban Orozco, additional, Baolboa, Laura Gabriela Pena, additional, Dominguez, Ana Camille G, additional, Morales, Jesus Flavio M, additional, Pesquera, Jose Alberto A, additional, Fonseca, Roland Kevin Cethorth, additional, Hernandez, Edgard Efren Lozada, additional, Ramirez, Jairo Arturo Rodriguez, additional, Moscoso, Mitzi R Becerra, additional, Duniya, Sharon A N, additional, Adeleye, Gbadebo T C, additional, Bakare, Tajudeen I B, additional, Ohemu, Alexander A, additional, Habumuremyi, Divine Umuhoza Sosthene, additional, Seneza, Gabriel Ntwari Celestin, additional, Haragirimana, Jean de Dieu, additional, Ingabire, Allen J C, additional, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, additional, Gyamfi, Frank E, additional, Nyadu, Bertina B, additional, Adu-Aryee, Nii A, additional, Amoako, Joachim K, additional, Aperkor, Nicholas T, additional, Asman, Wilfred K, additional, Attepor, Godsway S, additional, Bediako-Bowan, Antoinette A, additional, Brown, George D, additional, Etwire, Victor K, additional, Fenu, Benjamin S, additional, Kumassah, Philemon K, additional, Larbi-Siaw, Linda A, additional, Olatola, David O, additional, Tsatsu, Sandra E, additional, Barimah, Charles G, additional, Boateng, Guy C, additional, Kwabena, Ponala W, additional, Kwarteng, Seidu M, additional, Luri, Prosper T, additional, Acquah, Daniel K, additional, Adams, Shamsudeen M, additional, Alhassan, Mohammed S, additional, Asirifi, Samuel A, additional, Dery, Mathias K, additional, Ofori, Bernard A, additional, Sam, Napoleon Bellua, additional, Seidu, Anwar S, additional, Acquah, Emmanuel Kojo, additional, Coompson, Christian L, additional, Gyambibi, Addo K, additional, Kontor, Bismark E, additional, Poonia, Dharma R, additional, Rathod, Kirti K, additional, Rodha, Mahaveer S, additional, Soni, Subhash C, additional, Varsheney, Vaibhav K, additional, Vishnoi, Jeevan R, additional, Garnaik, Deepak K, additional, Lokavarapu, Manoj J, additional, Seenivasagam, Rajkumar K, additional, Kalyanapu, Jeffery A, additional, Gautham, Arun K, additional, Singh, Deepak S, additional, Abraham, Eunice S, additional, Gold, Chinta S, additional, Joseph, Jeremiah N, additional, Kurien, Elizabeth N, additional, Mathew, Arpit J, additional, Mathew, Amy E, additional, Prakash, Danita D, additional, Hans, Monika A, additional, Haque, Parvez D, additional, Sam, Vivin Daniel, additional, Thind, Ravinder Singh, additional, Veetil, Sreejith K, additional, Daniel, Esther R, additional, Jacob, Smitha E, additional, Jesudason, Mark R, additional, Samuel, Vasanth Mark, additional, Sivakumar, Moonish V, additional, Saluja, Sundeep S, additional, Attri, Ashok K, additional, Pai, Murlidhar V, additional, Prabhu, P S, additional, T, Sundeep P, additional, Alexander, Philip V, additional, Ismavel, Vijay A, additional, Solomi, Carolin V, additional, Alpheus, Rahul A, additional, Choudhrie, Ashish Victor, additional, Gunny, Rashmi Jacob, additional, Malik, Muneer A, additional, Peters, Nitin J, additional, Chowdri, Nisar A, additional, Dar, Rayees A, additional, Parray, Fazl Q, additional, Shah, Zamir A, additional, Wani, Rauf A, additional, Villaseñor, S Alvarez, additional, Hernández, Aldo Bernal, additional, Ahumada, Elyoenai Bonilla, additional, Cardiel, Guadalupe Castillo, additional, Guevara, Gabino Cervantes, additional, Perez, Enrique Cervantes, additional, Martinez, Esteban Cueva, additional, Barradas, Paulina Domínguez, additional, Estrada, Isaac Esparza, additional, Becerril, Paola Flores, additional, Orozco, Clotilde Fuentes, additional, Reyna, Benjamín García, additional, Sánchez, Eduardo Gómez, additional, Espinoza, Eduardo González, additional, Ojeda, Alejandro González, additional, Torres, Martin Islas, additional, Tornero, Jorge Jiménez, additional, País, Roberto Mares, additional, Santana, Damián Mora, additional, Villela, Gilberto Morgan, additional, Hinojosa, Rodrigo Nájar, additional, Escobar, Cesar Nuño, additional, Rodríguez, Itzel Ochoa, additional, Flores, Oscar Olvera, additional, Barreiro, Angelica Ortega, additional, Rubio, Jacqueline Osuna, additional, Bravo, Cornelio Ruelas, additional, Villaseñor, Guillermo Sanchez, additional, Tinajero, Carlos Colunga, additional, Samano, Fernanda Diaz, additional, Banuelos, Gerardo Gallardo, additional, Ortiz, Francisco Ibanez, additional, Ramirez, Maryzela Lazo, additional, Arroyo, Gerardo Lopez, additional, Perez, Jaime Orozco, additional, Ramirez, Damaris Orozco, additional, Lozano, Jesus Pizarro, additional, Reyes, Guillermo Yanowsky, additional, Castillo, Monica N, additional, Mellado, Dorihela H, additional, Bozada-Gutierrez, Katya, additional, Casado-Zarate, Ana Florencia, additional, Delano-Alonso, Roberto, additional, Herrera-Esquivel, Jose, additional, Moreno-Portillo, Mucio, additional, Trejo-Avila, Mario, additional, Quiros, Bruno Crocco, additional, Ambriz-González, Gabriela, additional, Cabrera-Lozano, Ishtar, additional, Calderón-Alvarado, Ana B, additional, León-Frutos, Francisco J, additional, Villanueva-Martínez, Erick E, additional, Aliyu, Mohammed S, additional, Balogun, Abigail Olajumoke, additional, Francis, Abantanga Atindaana, additional, Duromola, Kehinde Michael, additional, Gana, Stephen G, additional, George, Mukoro Duke, additional, Iji, Lambert Onahi, additional, Jimoh, Aminat O, additional, Koledade, Afolabi K, additional, Lawal, Ahmad T, additional, Nwabuoku, Stanley Emeka, additional, Ogunsua, Oluseyi O, additional, Okafor, Ifeanyi Fidelis, additional, Okorie, Ethos Ike, additional, Saidu, Ibrahim A, additional, Sholadoye, Tunde T, additional, Abdulkarim, Abdulhafiz A, additional, Abdullahi, Lawal Barau, additional, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, additional, Tukur, Aliyu Muhammad, additional, Umar, Ahmad Shehu, additional, Umar, Aminatu M, additional, Yusuf, Salisu Abeku, additional, Ado, Khadija A, additional, Aliyu, Nura U, additional, Anyanwu, Lofty-John Chukwuemeka, additional, Daneji, Sulaiman M, additional, Magashi, Mahmoud Kawu, additional, Mohammad, Mohammad A, additional, Muhammad, Abubakar Bala, additional, Muhammad, Saminu S, additional, Muideen, Bello Abodunde, additional, Nwachukwu, Calistus 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additional, Banjo, Oluseyi O, additional, Egharevba, Peter A, additional, Fatudimu, Oluwafemi S, additional, Obateru, John A, additional, Odesanya, Oluremi J, additional, Ojo, Owolabi D, additional, Okunlola, Abiodun I, additional, Okunlola, Cecilia K, additional, Olajide, Adewale T, additional, Orewole, Tesleem O, additional, Salawu, Adedayo I, additional, Abdulsalam, Moruf A, additional, Adelaja, Aderinsola T, additional, Ajai, Olalekan T, additional, Atobatele, Kazeem M, additional, Bakare, Oludayo Oluwaseyi, additional, Faboya, Omolara M, additional, Imam, Zainab O, additional, Nwaenyi, Francisca C, additional, Ogunyemi, Ayokunle A, additional, Oludara, Mobolaji A, additional, Omisanjo, Olufunmilade A, additional, Onyeka, Chinonso U, additional, Oshodi, Olabode A, additional, Oshodi, Yusuf A, additional, Salami, Omotade S, additional, Williams, Omolara M, additional, Adeyeye, Victoria Ibukunoluwa, additional, Agbulu, Moses Vincent, additional, Akinajo, Opeyemi Rebecca, additional, Akinboyewa, David O, additional, Alakaloko, Felix M, additional, Alasi, Iyabo O, additional, Atoyebi, Oluwole A, additional, Balogun, Olanrewaju S, additional, Bode, Christopher O, additional, Busari, Maryam Oluwatobi, additional, Duru, Nnamdi Jonathan, additional, Edet, Glory Bassey, additional, Elebute, Olumide A, additional, Ezenwankwo, Francis Chinonso, additional, Fatuga, Adedeji L, additional, Ihediwa, George C, additional, Inyang, Emmanuel Sylvester, additional, Jimoh, Adesola I, additional, Kuku, Jubril Oladayo, additional, Ladipo-Ajayi, Oluwaseun A, additional, Lawal, Abdulrazzaq O, additional, Makwe, Christian Chigoze, additional, Mgbemena, Chinelo Victoria, additional, Nwokocha, Samuel U, additional, Ogunjimi, Moses Adebisi, additional, Ohazurike, Ephraim Okwudiri, additional, Ojewola, Rufus W, additional, Badedale, Moyosoluwa Eunice, additional, Okeke, Chike J, additional, Okunowo, Adeyemi A, additional, Oladimeji, Abraham T, additional, Olajide, Thomas O, additional, Oluseye, Oluwaseun O, additional, Orowale, Adeola Ayoola, additional, Osinowo, Adedapo Olumide, additional, Oyegbola, Christianah Bidemi, additional, Seyi-Olajide, Justina O, additional, Soibi-Harry, Adaiah P, additional, Timo, Manuella Talla, additional, Ugwu, Aloy Okechukwu, additional, Williams, Emmanuel Ojo, additional, Duruewuru, Innocent O, additional, Egwuonwu, Ochonma A, additional, Emeka, James J, additional, Modekwe, Victor Ifeanyichukwu, additional, Nwosu, Chimdiebele Daisy, additional, Obiechina, Sylvester O, additional, Obiesie, Ahuizechukwu E, additional, Okafor, Celestine I, additional, Okonoboh, Theophilus O, additional, Okoye, Odili A, additional, Onu, Onyekachi A, additional, Onyejiaka, Chukwudubem C, additional, Uche, Chisom Faith, additional, Ugboajah, Joseph O, additional, Ugwu, Jideofor Okechukwu, additional, Adeleke, Akeem A, additional, Adepiti, Akinfolarin C, additional, Aderounmu, Adewale A, additional, Adesunkanmi, Abdulhafiz O, additional, Adisa, Adewale O, additional, Ajekwu, Samuel C, additional, Ajenifuja, Olusegun K, additional, Alatise, Olusegun I, additional, Badmus, Tajudeen A, additional, Mohammed, Tajudeen O, additional, Salako, Abdulkadir A, additional, Sowande, Oludayo A, additional, Talabi, Ademola O, additional, Wuraola, Funmilola O, additional, Adegoke, Paul Aderemi, additional, Eseile, Ideyonbe Samuel, additional, Ogundoyin, Olakayode Olaolu, additional, Olulana, Dare Isaac, additional, Adumah, Collins C, additional, Ajagbe, Adewale O, additional, Akintunde, Olugbenga P, additional, Asafa, Opeyemi Q, additional, Eziyi, Amogu K, additional, Fasanu, Adeniyi O, additional, Ojewuyi, Olufemi O, additional, Ojewuyi, Abiodun R, additional, Oyedele, Abisola E, additional, Taiwo, Oluwaseun A, additional, Abdullahi, Habiba I, additional, Adewole, Nathaniel D, additional, Agida, Teddy E, additional, Ailunia, Eunice E, additional, Akaba, Godwin O, additional, Bawa, Kehinde G, additional, Chinda, John Y, additional, Daluk, Esther B, additional, Eniola, Sefiu B, additional, Ezenwa, Augusta O, additional, Garba, Stephen E, additional, Mshelbwala, Philip M, additional, Ndukwe, Ngozi O, additional, Ogolekwu, Idoko P, additional, Osagie, Olabisi O, additional, Sani, Samuel A, additional, Tabuanu, Nancy O, additional, Umar, Aminu M, additional, Agbonrofo, Peter I, additional, Arekhandia, Alexander I, additional, Edena, Morrison E, additional, Eghonghon, Raymond A, additional, Enaholo, Joel E, additional, Ideh, Stanley N, additional, Iribhogbe, Oseihie I, additional, Irowa, Omorodion O, additional, Isikhuemen, Maradona E, additional, Odutola, Oluwatomi R, additional, Okoduwa, Kester O, additional, Omorogbe, Scott O, additional, Osagie, Osasumwen T, additional, Abdus-Salam, Rukiyat A, additional, Adebayo, Sikiru Adekola, additional, Ajagbe, Oluwasanmi A, additional, Ajao, Akinlabi E, additional, Ayandipo, Omobolaji O, additional, Egbuchulem, Kelvin I, additional, Ekwuazi, Hyginus O, additional, Idowu, Oluwasegun C, additional, Irabor, David O, additional, Lawal, Taiwo A, additional, Lawal, Olatunji O, additional, Ogundoyin, Olakayode O, additional, Sanusi, Akinsola T, additional, Takure, Augustine O, additional, Abdur-Rahman, Lukman Olajide, additional, Adebisi, Mary Oluwadamilola, additional, Adeleke, Nurudeen Abiola, additional, Afolabi, Rafiat Tinuola, additional, Aremu, Isiaka Ishola, additional, Bello, Jibril Oyekunle, additional, Lawal, Saheed Abolade, additional, Raji, Hadijat Olaide, additional, Igwe, Patrick O, additional, Iweha, Ikechukwu Enyinnaya, additional, John, Raphael E, additional, Okoro, Philemon E, additional, Oriji, Vaduneme Kingsley, additional, Oweredaba, Ibiene T, additional, Majyabere, Jean Paul, additional, Habiyakare, Jean Aimable, additional, Nabada, Marie Gloriose, additional, Masengesho, Jean pierre, additional, Niyomuremyi, Jean Paul, additional, Uwimana, Jean Claude, additional, Maniraguha, Hope Lydia, additional, Urimubabo, Christian Jean, additional, Shyirakera, Jean Yves, additional, Adams, Mary Augusta, additional, Ede, Chikwendu Jeffrey, additional, Mathe, Mpho Nosipho, additional, Nhlabathi, Ncamsile Anthea, additional, Nxumalo, Hlengiwe Samkelisiwe, additional, Sethoana, Mmule Evelyn, additional, Abdulai, Samira, additional, Agboadoh, Nelson, additional, Akoto, Erica, additional, Boakye-Yiadom, Kwaku, additional, Dedey, Florence, additional, Nsaful, Josephine, additional, Wordui, Theodore, additional, Abubakari, Fatao, additional, Akunyam, Johnson, additional, Ballu, Cletus, additional, Ngaaso, Kennedy, additional, Kyeremeh, Collins, additional, Osei, Edwin, additional, Owusu, Frank, additional, Sie-Broni, Clement, additional, Abdul-Hafiz, Saba, additional, Amadu, Munira, additional, Awe, Martin, additional, Azanlerigu, Millicent, additional, Edwin, Yenli, additional, Maalekuu, Aloysius, additional, Malechi, Hawa, additional, Mohammed, Ibrahim, additional, Mumuni, Kareem, additional, Yahaya, Shekira, additional, Alhassan, Jaabir, additional, Jeffery-Felix, Ametepe, additional, Naah, Gifty, additional, Noufuentes, Carmen, additional, Sakyi, Abraham, additional, Chaudhary, Ramkaran, additional, Misra, Sanjeev, additional, Pareek, Puneet, additional, Pathak, Manish, additional, Sharma, Naveen, additional, Sharma, Nivedita, additional, Huda, Farhanul, additional, Mishra, Neha, additional, Ranjan, Rohit, additional, Singh, Shanky, additional, Solanki, Pratik, additional, Verma, Raunak, additional, Yhoshu, Enono, additional, John, Suzan, additional, Kutma, Ananta, additional, Philips, Sanish, additional, Hepzibah, Alice, additional, Mary, Grace, additional, Chetana, Chetana, additional, Dummala, Prashant, additional, Jacob, Jurgen, additional, Mary, Priya, additional, Samuel, Oliver, additional, Sukumar, Ashwin, additional, Syam, Niyah, additional, Bhatt, Alisha, additional, Bhatti, William, additional, Dhar, Tapasya, additional, Goyal, Ankush, additional, Goyal, Sunita, additional, Jain, Deepak, additional, Jain, Rita, additional, Kaur, Savleen, additional, Kumar, Karan, additional, Luther, Anil, additional, Mahajan, Amit, additional, Mandrelle, Kavita, additional, Michael, Vishal, additional, Mukherjee, Partho, additional, Rajappa, Reuben, additional, Singh, Prashant, additional, Williams, Rahul, additional, D, Sreekar, additional, Kumari, Pushplatha, additional, Shankar, Bharat, additional, Sharma, Srujan, additional, Surendran, Suraj, additional, Thomas, Anita, additional, Trinity, Paul, additional, Kanchodu, Sudheer, additional, Leshiini, K, additional, Bansal, Ishan, additional, Gupta, Sanjay, additional, Gureh, Monika, additional, Kapoor, Simran, additional, Aggarwal, Manisha, additional, Kanna, Vinoth, additional, Kaur, Harmanjot, additional, Kumar, Ashwani, additional, Singh, Simrandeep, additional, Singh, Gurtaj, additional, John, Viju, additional, Adnan, Mohammed, additional, Kumar, Pardeep, additional, S, Abhishek, additional, Sehrawat, Vikram, additional, Singla, Deepak, additional, Thami, Gaurav, additional, Kumar, Vijay, additional, Mathew, Stanley, additional, Akhtar, Naseem, additional, Chaturvedi, Arun, additional, Gupta, Sameer, additional, Prakash, Puneet, additional, Rajan, Shiv, additional, Singh, Mohit, additional, Tripathi, Abhilasha, additional, Thomas, Josy, additional, Zechariah, Pradeep, additional, Kichu, Moloti, additional, Joseph, Susan, additional, Pundir, Neha, additional, Samujh, Ram, additional, Kour, Robindera, additional, Saqib, Najmus, additional, Raul, Subrat, additional, Rautela, Komal, additional, Sharma, Rajeev, additional, Singh, Nishu, additional, Vakil, Rakesh, additional, Chowdhury, Priyanka, additional, Chowdhury, Sona, additional, Roy, Bipradas, additional, Abdullahi, Aisha, additional, Abubakar, Maimuna, additional, Awaisu, Mudi, additional, Bakari, Fadimatu, additional, Bashir, Mohammed, additional, Bello, Ahmad, additional, Daniyan, Muhammad, additional, Gimba, Justina, additional, Gundu, Isaac, additional, Oyelowo, Nasir, additional, Sufyan, Ibrahim, additional, Umaru-Sule, Hajara, additional, Usman, Mohammed, additional, Yahya, Anisah, additional, Yakubu, Alfa, additional, Abdullahi, Muzzammil, additional, Soladoye, Abdulmajeed, additional, Yahaya, Abubakar, additional, Abdulrasheed, Lubabatu, additional, Aminu, Bashiru, additional, Bello-Tukur, Firdaws, additional, Chinyio, Damai, additional, Joshua, Samaila, additional, Lawal, Jamila, additional, Mohammed, Caleb, additional, Nuwam, Deborah, additional, Sale, Danjuma, additional, Sani, Abdulrasheed, additional, Tabara, Salome, additional, Usam, Emmanuel, additional, Yakubu, Josiah, additional, Adegoke, Folasade, additional, Ige, Oluwasuyi, additional, Bakare, Adewumi, additional, Akande, Olukemi, additional, Anyanwu, Noble, additional, Eke, Grace, additional, Oyewole, Yemisi, additional, Abunimye, Esther, additional, Adeoluwa, Adebunmi, additional, Adesiyakan, Adedotun, additional, Amao, Michael, additional, Ashley-Osuzoka, Christiana, additional, Gbenga-Oke, Christianah, additional, Olanrewaju, Olabisi, additional, Olayioye, Olawunmi, additional, Olutola, Stephen, additional, Onyekachi, Kenneth, additional, Osariemen, Emili, additional, Osunwusi, Benedetto, additional, Owie, Emmanuel, additional, Okoro, Chukwuemeka, additional, Ugwuanyi, Kenneth, additional, Ugwunne, Chuka, additional, Olasehinde, Olalekan, additional, Akinloye, Abidemi, additional, Akinniyi, Ayodeji, additional, Ejimogu, Joseph, additional, Okedare, Amos, additional, Omotola, Omolara, additional, Sanwo, Francis, additional, Awodele, Kehinde, additional, Aisuodionoe-Shadrach, Oseremen, additional, Alfred, Janet, additional, Atim, Terkaa, additional, Mbajiekwe, Ndubuisi, additional, Olori, amson, additional, Suleiman, Salisu, additional, Sunday, Helen, additional, Ida, Genesis, additional, Oruade, David, additional, Osemwegie, Osarenkhoe, additional, Ajibola, Gboyega, additional, Elemile, Peter, additional, Fakoya, Adegbolahan, additional, Ojediran, Oluwabukade, additional, Olagunju, Naomi, additional, Bello, Robiat, additional, Ojajuni, Adeolu, additional, Oyewale, Sabur, additional, Abhulimen, Victor, additional, Okoi, Nnyonno, additional, Mizero, Japhet, additional, Mutimamwiza, Immaculee, additional, Nirere, Francoise, additional, Niyongombwa, Irenee, additional, Byaruhanga, Anastase, additional, Dukuzimana, Rongin, additional, Uwizeye, Marcel, additional, Ruhosha, Mathias, additional, Igiraneza, joselyne, additional, Ingabire, Faustine, additional, Karekezi, Aloys, additional, Mpirimbanyi, Christophe, additional, Mukamazera, Lydia, additional, Mukangabo, Clemence, additional, Imanishimwe, Alphonsine, additional, Kanyarukiko, Salathiel, additional, Mukaneza, Francine, additional, Mukantibaziyaremye, Deborah, additional, Munyaneza, Aphrodis, additional, Ndegamiye, Gibert, additional, Nyirangeri, Pierrine, additional, Tubasiime, Ronald, additional, Dusabe, Moses, additional, Izabiriza, Emelyne, additional, Mutuyimana, Josiane, additional, Mwenedata, Olivier, additional, Rwagahirima, Elisee, additional, Zirikana, Job, additional, Sibomana, Isaie, additional, Rubanguka, Desire, additional, Umuhoza, Josine, additional, Uwayezu, Roda, additional, Uzikwambara, Leoncie, additional, Dieudonne, Aime, additional, Kabanda, Elysee, additional, Mbonimpaye, Salomee, additional, Mukakomite, Christine, additional, Muroruhirwe, Piolette, additional, Butana, Herbert, additional, Dusabeyezu, Moise, additional, Batangana, Mediatrice, additional, Bucyibaruta, Georges, additional, Mukanyange, Violette, additional, Munyaneza, Emmanuel, additional, Mutabazi, Emmanuel, additional, Mwungura, Espoir, additional, Ncogoza, Isaie, additional, Nyirahabimana, Jeannette, additional, Nyirasebura, Dancilla, additional, Dusabimana, Anaclet, additional, Kanyesigye, Sam, additional, Munyaneza, Robert, additional, Hyman, Gabriella, additional, Moore, Rachel, additional, Sentholang, Nnosa, additional, Wondoh, Paul, additional, Ally, Zain, additional, Domingo, Aimee, additional, Munda, Philip, additional, Nyatsambo, Chido, additional, Ojo, Victor, additional, Pswarayi, Rudo, additional, Cook, Jonathan, additional, Jayne, David, additional, Laurberg, Soeren, additional, Brown, Julia, additional, Smart, Neil, additional, and Cousens, Simon, additional
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- 2024
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33. The Clinician’s Tardive Inventory (CTI)
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Trosch, Richard M., primary, Comella, Cynthia L., additional, Caroff, Stanley N., additional, Ondo, William G., additional, Shillington, Alicia C., additional, LaChappelle, Brandon J., additional, Hauser, Robert A., additional, Correll, Christoph U., additional, and Friedman, Joseph H., additional
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- 2024
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34. Hospital utilization rates following antipsychotic dose reduction in mood disorders: implications for treatment of tardive dyskinesia
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Stanley N. Caroff, Fan Mu, Rajeev Ayyagari, Traci Schilling, Victor Abler, and Benjamin Carroll
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Tardive dyskinesia ,Antipsychotic medication ,Bipolar disorder ,Major depressive disorder ,Relapse ,Healthcare burden ,Psychiatry ,RC435-571 - Abstract
Abstract Background The relative benefits and risks of long-term maintenance treatment with antipsychotics have not been well studied in patients with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. For example, while antipsychotic dose reduction has been recommended in the management of serious side effects associated with antipsychotics, there is limited evidence on the impact of lowering doses on the course of underlying mood disorders. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed the impact of antipsychotic dose reduction in patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Medical claims from six US states over a 6-year period were analyzed for patients with ≥10% or ≥ 30% reductions in antipsychotic dose (cases) and compared using survival analyses with matched controls receiving a stable dosage. Outcomes included hospitalizations for disease-specific mood disorders, other psychiatric disorders and all-cause emergency room visits, and claims for tardive dyskinesia. Results A total of 23,992 patients with bipolar disorder and 17,766 with major depressive disorder had a ≥ 10% dose reduction, while 19,308 and 14,728, respectively, had a ≥ 30% dose reduction. In multivariate analyses, cases with a ≥ 10% dose reduction had a significantly increased risk of disease-specific admission (bipolar disorder: hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.22 [1.15–1.31]; major depressive disorder: 1.22 [1.11–1.34]), other psychiatric admission (bipolar disorder: 1.19 [1.13–1.24]; major depressive disorder: 1.17 [1.11–1.23]), all-cause admission (bipolar disorder: 1.17 [1.12–1.23]; major depressive disorder: 1.11 [1.05–1.16]), and all-cause emergency room visits (bipolar disorder: 1.09 [1.05–1.13]; major depressive disorder: 1.07 [1.02–1.11]) (all P
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- 2020
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35. Anthropometric variables in relation to risk of breast cancer in Nigerian women
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Chinedu C Okoli, Uzoamaka R Ebubedike, Stanley N C Anyanwu, Chinemelum D Emegoakor, Gabriel U Chianakwana, Eric Ihekwoaba, Ochomma A Egwuonwu, and Henry Nzeako
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breast cancer ,height ,obesity ,waist circumference ,waist- hip ratio ,weight ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women, and understanding how obesity impacts this disease has important public health implications. Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective study that involved 100 participants managed for breast diseases from May 2015 to April 2017 at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi (NAUTH). All the participants were formally diagnosed using clinical evaluation and core tissue biopsy. Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), height and weight were measured, subsequently body-mass index was estimated as a ratio of an individual’s weight (kg)/height (m2). Results: The mean age (SD) of the subjects was 41.6 (9.3) years; all the participants were women. The mean (SD) body-mass index, WC and WHR of all the participants were 27.57 (6.85) kg/m2; 87.70 (16.36)cm and 0.87 (0.07) respectively. The mean (SD) body-mass index of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal were 26.52 (6.62) kg/m2 and 30.60 (6.71) kg/m2 respectively. The mean (SD) WHR of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal were 0.87 (0.06) and 0.90 (0.08) respectively, whereas the mean (SD) WC of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal were 85 (15.0) cm and 94.85 (17.97) respectively, thus individuals who were older were more likely to be overweight or obese than younger persons. Conclusion: This study findings emphasize the importance of considering wide WC and high WHR while implementing risk reduction strategies of breast cancer in younger women. Future studies to elucidate the significance of this findings in larger cohorts are needed.
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- 2020
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36. Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of MRCK Kinases Inhibitors as Potential Cancer Chemotherapeutics
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Vanessa M. Ruscetta, Taj J. Seaton, Aleen Shakeel, Stanley N. S. Vasconcelos, Russell D. Viirre, Marc J. Adler, and Michael F. Olson
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cytoskeleton ,signal transduction ,phosphorylation ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Cytoskeleton organization and dynamics are rapidly regulated by post-translational modifications of key target proteins. Acting downstream of the Cdc42 GTPase, the myotonic dystrophy-related Cdc42-binding kinases MRCKα, MRCKβ, and MRCKγ have recently emerged as important players in cytoskeleton regulation through the phosphorylation of proteins such as the regulatory myosin light chain proteins. Compared with the closely related Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases 1 and 2 (ROCK1 and ROCK2), the contributions of the MRCK kinases are less well characterized, one reason for this being that the discovery of potent and selective MRCK pharmacological inhibitors occurred many years after the discovery of ROCK inhibitors. The disclosure of inhibitors, such as BDP5290 and BDP9066, that have marked selectivity for MRCK over ROCK, as well as the dual ROCK + MRCK inhibitor DJ4, has expanded the repertoire of chemical biology tools to study MRCK function in normal and pathological conditions. Recent research has used these novel inhibitors to establish the role of MRCK signalling in epithelial polarization, phagocytosis, cytoskeleton organization, cell motility, and cancer cell invasiveness. Furthermore, pharmacological MRCK inhibition has been shown to elicit therapeutically beneficial effects in cell-based and in vivo studies of glioma, skin, and ovarian cancers.
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- 2023
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37. Multifactor Optimization of HPLC Conditions
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Deming, Stanley N., primary, Bower, Julie G., additional, and Bower, Keith D., additional
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- 2021
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38. Mixed vitamin C and zinc diet supplements co-administered with artemether drug improved haematological profile and survival of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
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Ekeh, Felicia N., Ekechukwu, Nkiru E., Chukwuma, Chimdinma F., Aguzie, Ifeanyi Oscar N., Ohanu, Chinenye M., Ebido, Chike, and Oluah, Stanley N.
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- 2019
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39. FOREWORD
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Wilson, John F., primary, Handy, Robert T., additional, Katz, Stanley N., additional, and Raboteau, Albert J., additional
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- 2021
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40. The AIverse project: Simulating, analyzing, and describing galaxies and star clusters with artificial intelligence
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Bekki, K., Diaz, J., and Stanley, N.
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- 2019
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41. On the set of zero coefficients of a function satisfying a linear differential equation
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Bell, Jason P., Burris, Stanley N., and Yeats, Karen
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Mathematics - Number Theory ,Mathematics - Combinatorics ,11B37, 11B25, 34A30 - Abstract
Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero and suppose that $f:\mathbb{N}\to K$ satisfies a recurrence of the form $$f(n)\ =\ \sum_{i=1}^d P_i(n) f(n-i),$$ for $n$ sufficiently large, where $P_1(z),...,P_d(z)$ are polynomials in $K[z]$. Given that $P_d(z)$ is a nonzero constant polynomial, we show that the set of $n\in \mathbb{N}$ for which $f(n)=0$ is a union of finitely many arithmetic progressions and a finite set. This generalizes the Skolem-Mahler-Lech theorem, which assumes that $f(n)$ satisfies a linear recurrence. We discuss examples and connections to the set of zero coefficients of a power series satisfying a homogeneous linear differential equation with rational function coefficients., Comment: 11 pages
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- 2011
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42. Triadic Conceptual Structure of the Maximum Entropy Approach to Evolution
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Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten and Salthe, Stanley N.
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Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems ,Physics - Physics and Society ,Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative Biology - Abstract
Many problems in evolutionary theory are cast in dyadic terms, such as the polar oppositions of organism and environment. We argue that a triadic conceptual structure offers an alternative perspective under which the information generating role of evolution as a physical process can be analyzed, and propose a new diagrammatic approach. Peirce's natural philosophy was deeply influenced by his reception of both Darwin's theory and thermodynamics. Thus, we elaborate on a new synthesis which puts together his theory of signs and modern Maximum Entropy approaches to evolution. Following recent contributions to the naturalization of Peircean semiosis, we show that triadic structures involve the conjunction of three different kinds of causality, efficient, formal and final. We apply this on Ulanowicz's analysis of autocatalytic cycles as primordial patterns of life. This paves the way for a semiotic view of thermodynamics which is built on the idea that Peircean interpretants are systems of physical inference devices evolving under natural selection. In this view, the principles of Maximum Entropy, Maximum Power, and Maximum Entropy Production work together to drive the emergence of information carrying structures, which at the same time maximize information capacity as well as the gradients of energy flows, such that ultimately, contrary to Schroedinger's seminal contribution, the evolutionary process is seen to be a physical expression of the Second Law., Comment: 43 pages, 12 figures
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- 2010
43. Mixed vitamin C and zinc diet supplements co-administered with artemether drug improved haematological profile and survival of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei
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Felicia N. Ekeh, Nkiru E. Ekechukwu, Chimdinma F. Chukwuma, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Chinenye M. Ohanu, Chike Ebido, and Stanley N. Oluah
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Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Iron and zinc deficiencies is common in malaria endemic areas and contributes to morbidity. Vitamin C and zinc combined supplements have been hypothesized as a remedy. This study evaluated the effect of different combinations of vitamin C and zinc on haematological parameters and mortality of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice (Mus musculus). A three-week trial was carried out to assess haematological changes and mortality of mice after 3-day artemether treatment co-administered with vitamin C - zinc supplements. Grouping was based on combinations of vitamin C and zinc. Weight, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB), and mortality were assayed weekly. The supplement improved PCV, HB, mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). Mice mortality was higher in the absence of the supplement, though the difference was not significant (χ2 = 5.214, P = 0.5167). Parasitaemia was not reduced by the supplement. A 30:70 vitamin C - zinc supplement performed better than other combinations used. Therefore, vitamin C - zinc supplement play roles in the management of malaria, since they improved PCV and HB, and lowered mortality rate, complementing the therapeutic effect of artemether. Keywords: Dietary supplement, Food supplement, Micronutrient, Zinc, Vitamin C, Malaria, Nutritional medicine
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- 2019
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44. Prevalence of depression among post-graduate medical trainees in selected institutions in Eastern Nigeria: A multi-centre study
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Chinedu C Okoli, Imoh Ibiok, Maduka D Ughasoro, Chinemelum D Emegoakor, and Stanley N C Anyanwu
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resident doctor ,nigeria ,depression ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Doctors in training are at high risk for depression, and this could lead to poor-quality of patient care and increased medical errors. Objectives: The study assessed the prevalence of depression among resident doctors in selected institutions in Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals from December 2017 and March 2018. Resident doctors were recruited for self-assessment using Beck Depression Inventory®-II. Data were collated and analysed using SPSS version 21, statistical significance was inferred at P value = 0.05. Results: Among the 170 resident doctors studied, the age range was 26-53 years, and the mean age was 33.89 (SD = 4.71) with 127 (74.7%) males and 43 females (25.3%). Ninety-five (55.9%) were junior residents while 75 were senior residents (44.1%). Eight four (49.4%) residents had attempted the membership certification examination with first attempt success rate of 39(46.4%). The overall prevalence of depression was in the study was 17 (10.0%). The prevalence increased to 17.3% and 17.86% in senior residents and residents who have attempted the first post-graduate membership examinations respectively. Depression was more in residents who attempted the membership exam (p=0.001) and in senior residents (p =0.005) Conclusion: Our study found that trainee doctors who had attempted the membership exam and senior residents were more likely to be diagnosed of depression. Thus, there is a need for relevant stakeholders to review the support network for doctors in training.
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- 2019
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45. 5 Prospects for a Global Networked Cultural Heritage
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Katz, Stanley N., primary
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- 2020
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46. Foreword
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Wilson, John F., primary, Handy, Robert T., additional, Katz, Stanley N., additional, and Raboteau, Albert J., additional
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- 2020
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47. Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticle Delivery of Peptide Nucleic Acids In Vivo
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Oyaghire, Stanley N., primary, Quijano, Elias, additional, Piotrowski-Daspit, Alexandra S., additional, Saltzman, W. Mark, additional, and Glazer, Peter M., additional
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- 2020
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48. Catatonia: 'Fluctuat nec mergitur'
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Gabor S Ungvari, Stanley N Caroff, Levente Csihi, and Gábor Gazdag
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General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2023
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49. Integrin expression in the mouse vestibular system
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Stanley, N. J.
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617.8 - Abstract
The mammalian utricle has shown limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration of hair cells within a damaged sensory epithelium. In vivo and in vitro exposure of the tissue to ototoxic aminoglycosides has been utilised to induce hair cell loss, in order to study these regenerative events. The mammalian utricle is believed to regenerate hair cells by the direct transdifferentiation of supporting cells without a mitotic event. The cellular and molecular mechanisms behind this regenerative capability continue to be the subject of inner ear research. The integrin family of cell surface receptors are known for their key role in cellular adhesion, both to the extracellular matrix and to neighbouring cells. Studies of integrins have shown that they are also involved in numerous cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and migration. They are therefore a likely candidate for involvement in the cellular events which underlie the regenerative ability demonstrated by the mammalian utricle. This study has identified a subset of the mammalian integrin subunits as being present in the normal adult mouse utricle. The identification of these integrins was achieved by both degenerate PCR and qPCR screening of utricular cDNA. Through immunohistochemistry, β1 and α6 have been shown to localise at the basement membrane of normal utricular tissue. Integrins β3 and β5 appear to be expressed within vestibular hair cells. Integrins β1, αV, β5, β3 and α6 are also present within the mesenchyme. The utricular macula of adult mice was utilised as an in vitro model in order to induce hair cell loss by gentamicin treatment and investigate integrin expression in the utricle during this process and subsequent regeneration. Relative quantification of qPCR data has indicated that a number of integrins including β1, αV and β3 show an increase in expression level at 4 days post treatment. Immunohistochemistry shows some changes in integrin localisation between 4 and 21 days post-gentamicin.
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- 2013
50. Counting Rooted Trees: The Universal Law t(n) ~ C \rho^{-n} n^{-3/2}
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Bell, Jason P., Burris, Stanley N., and Yeats, Karen A.
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Mathematics - Combinatorics ,05C05 - Abstract
Combinatorial classes T that are recursively defined using combinations of the standard multiset, sequence, directed cycle and cycle constructions, and their restrictions, have generating series T(z) with a positive radius of convergence; for most of these a simple test can be used to quickly show that the form of the asymptotics is the same as that for the class of rooted trees: C \rho^{-n} n^{-3/2} where \rho is the radius of convergence of T., Comment: 53 pages, 5 figures, typos corrected, final version
- Published
- 2005
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