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The radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles constitute an attractive choice to be used as dual-modality contrast agents (DMCAs) in nuclear medical diagnosis, due to their ability to combine the benefits of two imaging modalities, for instance single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Before the use of any DMCA, the investigation of its plasma extra- and on/intra cellular distribution in peripheral human blood is of paramount importance. Here, we focus on the in vitro investigation of the distribution of 99mTc-DPD-Fe3O4 DMCA in donated peripheral human blood (the ligand 2-3-dicarboxypropane-1-1-diphosphonic-acid is denoted as DPD). Initially, we described the experimental methods we performed for the radiosynthesis of the 99mTc-DPD-Fe3O4, the preparation of whole blood and blood plasma samples, and their incubation conditions with 99mTc-DPD-Fe3O4. More importantly, we employed a gamma-camera apparatus for the direct imaging of the 99mTc-DPD-Fe3O4-loaded whole blood and blood plasma samples when subjected to specialized centrifugation protocols. The direct comparison of the gamma-camera data obtained at the exact same samples before and after their centrifugation enabled us to clearly identify the distribution of the 99mTc-DPD-Fe3O4 in the two components, plasma and cells, of peripheral human blood.

Prisustvo radiohemijske nečistoće C u 99mTc-MIBI injekciji utiče na kvalitet skena, jer se radiofarmaceutik nedovoljno nakuplja u organu od interesa, dok je aktivnost okolnih organa i tkiva velika. Zbog toga je i doza zračenja koju prime okolni organi i tkiva iznad propisanih granica. Da bi se obezbedilo da je planirano izlaganje zračenju pacijenata svedeno na minimum, farmakopeja zahteva ispitivanje sadržaja radiohemijske nečistoće C u 99mTc-MIBI injekciji neposredno pre primene radiofarmaceutika u pacijenta. Za ova ispitivanja se koriste metode hromatografije. U radu je predstavljena brza i osetljiva ITLC metoda namenjena za rutinsko ispitivanje sadržaja radiohemijske nečistoće C u 99mTc-MIBI injekciji. ITLC metoda je validirana, a ispitivani su pogodnost sistema, tačnost, preciznost, ponovljivost, specifičnost, limit detekcije, limit kvantifikacije, linearnost, robustnost i osetljivost metode. Dobre "recovery" vrednosti i niska relativna standardna devijacija potvrđuju da je predložena ITLC metoda pogodna za rutinsko određivanje nečistoće C u 99mTc-MIBI u injekciji., The European Pharmacopoeia mandates that all radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes must be of the correct radiochemical and radionuclidic purity and have the correct radioactivity present at the stated time of injection to ensure that the intended radiation exposure of patients is kept to a minimum. These factors have an effect on the overall radiation dose to the patient, as impurities of the radionuclide and/or its chemical composition may affect the biodistribution of the injected radiopharmaceutical and consequently the radiation dose to any one particular organ or the whole body dose. The presence of radiochemical impurity C in 99mTc-MIBI injection affects the quality of the image, because 99mTc-MIBI accumulates insufficiently in the organ of interest, while the activity of the surrounding organs and tissues is high. Therefore, the radiation dose received by the surrounding organs and tissues is above the permitted level. In order to avoid unnecessary irradiation of surrounding organs and tissues, the pharmacopoeia requires examination of the content of radiochemical impurity C immediately before administering of 99mTc-MIBI to the patient. Chromatographic methods are used for these tests. The paper presents a fast and sensitive ITLC method intended for routine examination of the content of radiochemical impurity C in 99mTc-MIBI injection. The ITLC method was validated, and the suitability of the system, accuracy, precision, repeatability, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, robustness and sensitivity of the method were examined. Good "recovery" values and low relative standard deviation confirm that the proposed ITLC method is suitable for routine determination of impurity C in 99mTc-MIBI in injection.

Radiofarmaceutici koji se koriste za ispitivanje skeletnog sistema od neprocenjivog su značaja u nuklearnoj medicini, kako za dijagnostiku primarnih tumora koštanog tkiva, tako i metastaza. Pre primene na pacijentima, ovi radiofarmaceutici podležu različitim fizičko-hemijskim i biološkim ispitivanjima. Ispitivanje fiziološke raspodele leka in vivo je od presudnog značaja jer od akumulacije leka u odgovarajućoj meri u ciljnom organu (skeletu) zavisi kvalitet dobijenog scintigrama, kao i doza zračenja koje će primiti pojedinačni organi i tkiva. U evropskoj farmakopeji (Ph.Eur.) date su metode kontrole kvaliteta kao i parametri kvaliteta sa granicama prihvatljivosti (specifikacijske granice) za 99mTc-metilendifosfonat (99mTc-MDP). Cilj ovog rada je prikaz metode ispitivanja fiziološke raspodele 99mTc-DPD koja je razvijena u Laboratoriji za radioizotope po smernicama evropske farmakopeje za 99mTc-MDP, uz manje modifikacije. Rezultati biodistribucije na Wistar pacovima su pokazali da je 99mTc-DPD proizveden u Laboratoriji za radioizotope zadovoljio sve postavljene kriterijume, kako odmah nakon proizvodnje, tako i nakon šest i dvanaest meseci od proizvodnje., Radiopharmaceuticals used to examine the skeletal system are of invaluable importance in nuclear medicine, both for the diagnosis of primary bone tissue tumors and metastases. Before administration to patients, these radiopharmaceuticals undergo various physico-chemical and biological tests. Investigation of the physiological distribution of the drug in vivo is of crucial importance because the quality of the obtained scintigram depends on the accumulation of the drug in the target organ (skeleton), as well as the radiation dose received by individual organs and tissues. The European pharmacopoeia (Ph.Eur.) provides quality control methods and quality parameters with acceptance limits (specification limits) for 99mTc-methylenediphosphonate (99mTc-MDP). The method of testing the physiological distribution of 99mTc-DPD in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes, which is presented in this paper, is done according to the guidelines of the European Pharmacopoeia for 99mTc-MDP, with minor modifications. Results of biodistribution on Wistar rats showed that 99mTc-DPD produced in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes met all the set criteria, both immediately after the production and after six and twelve months from production.

Laboratorija za radioizotope Instituta Vinča je jedinstven centar u regionu koji poseduje Rešenja Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije i Direktorata za radijacionu i nuklearnu sigurnost i bezbednost Srbije za proizvodnju radiofarmaceutika. Radiofarmaceutik koji se proizvodi više od 40 godina u Laboratoriji za radioizotope, a primenjuje u terapiji tumora štitaste žlezde, kao i hipertireozi su kapsule natrijum-jodida (I-131). Radijacioni efekti I-131 na ćelije štitaste žlezde potiču od beta-zračenja koje emituje I-131 tokom radioaktivnog raspada u samoj štitastoj žlezdi jer se I-131 nakon oralne primene nakuplja prvenstveno u štitastoj žlezdi u kojoj ima dugu retenciju. Za efikasnu terapiju, ali u isto vreme u cilju smanjenja izloženosti nepotrebnim dozama, za svakog pacijenta određuje se odgovarajuća doza I-131 koju je neophodno da primi, odnosno primenjuje se tzv. personalizovana terapija. U radu je opisan postupak proizvodnje kapsula I-131 u Laboratoriji za radioizotope putem manuelnog punjenja kapsula rastvorom I-131, kao i osnovni zahtevi koje je neophodno da sistem za automatsku proizvodnju radiofarmaceutika ispuni, a to su pre svih, odgovarajuća zaštita operatera od zračenja, jednostavna upotreba i kompjuterska kontrola., The Laboratory for radioisotopes of the Vinča Institute is a unique center in the region with licences of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia and the Directorate for Radiation and Nuclear Safety and Security of Serbia for the production of radiopharmaceuticals. Sodium iodide (I-131) capsules are radiopharmaceuticals that have been produced for more than 40 years in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes, and are used in the treatment of tumors of thyroid gland, as well as in hyperthyroidism. The radiation effects of I-131 on thyroid cells originate from beta-radiation emitted by I-131 during radioactive decay in the thyroid gland itself because I-131 after oral administration accumulates primarily in the thyroid gland where it has a long retention. For the effective therapy, but at the same time in order to reduce exposure to unnecessary high doses, the appropriate dose of I-131 is determined for each patient, in the so-called personalized therapy. The paper describes the current procedure for the production of I-131 capsules in the Laboratory for Radioisotopes by manually filling the capsules with I-131 solution and the basic requirements for design the system for automating the production of radiopharmaceuticals, which above all must provide adequate protection for the operator from radiation, must be user friendly and computer-controlled.

As an alternative to classical brachytherapy, intratumoral injection of radionuclide-labeled nanoparticles (nanobrachytherapy, NBT) has been investigated as a superior delivery method over an intravenous route for radionuclide therapy of solid tumors. We created superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) coated with meso-1,2-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and radiolabeled with Lutetium-177 (177Lu), generating 177Lu-DMSA@SPIONs as a potential antitumor agent for nanobrachytherapy. Efficient radiolabeling of DMSA@SPIONS by 177Lu resulted in a stable bond with minimal leakage in vitro. After an intratumoral injection to mouse colorectal CT-26 or breast 4T1 subcutaneous tumors, the nanoparticles remained well localized at the injection site for weeks, with limited leakage. The dose of 3.70 MBq/100 µg/50 µL of 177Lu-DMSA@SPIONs applied intratumorally resulted in a high therapeutic efficacy, without signs of general toxicity. A decreased dose of 1.85 MBq/100 µg/50 µL still retained therapeutic efficacy, while an increased dose of 9.25 MBq/100 µg/50 µL did not significantly benefit the therapy. Histopathology analysis revealed that the 177Lu-DMSA@SPIONs act within a limited range around the injection site, which explains the good therapeutic efficacy achieved by a single administration of a relatively low dose without the need for increased or repeated dosing. Overall, 177Lu-DMSA@SPIONs are safe and potent agents suitable for intra-tumoral administration for localized tumor radionuclide therapy

Biologically stable 90Y-labelled albumin microspheres (AMS) were developed by optimizing the process of their preparation. Three formulations of 90Y-AMS were initially prepared with high radiolabelling yield but depending on the step when the radionuclide 90Y and DTPA chelator were added, radiolabelled microspheres with different in vitro and in vivo stability were obtained. DTPA was proved as a useful chelating agent that tightly links radionuclide 90Y to albumin. Also, AMS radiolabelled via DTPA during preparation and before microspheres stabilization, showed significant in vitro and in vivo stability ready for the potential use in selective internal radiation therapy. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

It was reported that novel O,O′-diethyl-(S, S)-ethylenediamine-N,N′-di-2-(3-cyclohexyl) propanoate dihydrochloride (DE-EDCP) displayed in vitro antiproliferative activity on several human and mouse cancer cell lines, which was comparable to that of the prototypical anticancer drug cisplatin. In order to reveal its toxicity profile, acute and repeated-dose toxicity studies were performed in Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) Han mice. The intravenous LD50 values of DE-EDCP were found to be 95.3 and 101.3 mg/kg body weight in female and male mice, respectively. In the subacute toxicity study, DE-EDCP was administered intravenously at the doses of 15, 25, and 40 mg/kg/day for a period of 28 days. There were no adverse effects on general condition, growth, feed and water consumption, and hematological parameters. There was a significant increase in urea and alanine aminotransferase in female mice and aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in both genders in 40 mg/kg/day dose-treated group. The histopathological changes confined to the liver and kidney, but in other organs were not found. Satellite group revealed that changes in the kidney and liver were less pronounced, suggesting their reversibility. Interactions with DNA could also be of importance for understanding DE-EDCP toxic side effects. Hyperchromic effect obtained with ultraviolet–visible, suggested electrostatic interactions between DE-EDCP and calf thymus DNA. The toxicity testing of DE-EDCP was conducted to predict human outcomes. © The Author(s) 2018.

Novel theranostic nanoplatform is expected to integrate imaging for guiding and monitoring of the tumor therapy with great therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects. Here we describe the preparation of a multifunctional 99mTc–bisphosphonate–coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on Fe3O4 and coated with two hydrophilic bisphosphonate ligands, i.e., methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and 1–hydroxyethane-1,1- diphosphonate (HEDP). The presence of the bisphosphonates on the MNPs surface, enabled their biocompatibility, colloidal stability and successful binding of the radionuclide. The morphology, size, structure, surface charge and magnetic properties of obtained bisphosphonate–coated Fe3O4 MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X–ray powder diffraction, dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler electrophoresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The specific power absorption values for Fe3O4–MDP and Fe3O4–HEDP were 113 W/g and 141 W/g, respectively, indicated their heating ability under applied magnetic field. Coated MNPs were radiolabeled with 99mTc using stannous chloride as the reducing agent in a reproducible high yield (95% for Fe3O4–MDP and 97% for Fe3O4–HEDP MNPs) and were remained stable in saline and human serum for 24 h. Ex vivo biodistribution studies presented significant liver and spleen uptake in healthy Wistar rats after intravenous administration at all examined time points due to the colloidal nature of both 99mTc–MNPs. Results of scintigraphy studies are in accordance with ex vivo biodistribution studies, demonstrating high in vivo stability of radiolabeled MNPs and therefore results of both methods were proved as accurate information on the biodistribution profile of investigated MNPs. Overall, in vitro and in vivo stability as well as heating ability, indicate that biocompatible radiolabeled bisphosphonate magnetic nanoparticles exhibit promising potential as a theranostic nanoagent. © 2

The second half of the 20th century has brought novelty in understanding of disability. Religious or moral model, that marked the beginning of peoples’ perceptions and attitudes towards disability, as well as the medical model that has prevailed for few centuries, were subjected to review because of changes in reflecting and understanding of disability. Alternative models, such as the social or bio-psycho-social and human rights based model have marked a change of paradigm, policies and legislation in the field of disability around the world, as well as increased acceptance of persons with disabilities as members of diverse societies. These models of disability were followed by different perception and changes in the approach to people with disabilities by professionals, their families, local communities and society as a whole. Therefore, the large residential institutions, in the form of asylum, served for treatment of these people begun to be replaced by community-based services starting from the 1960s of the last century with the emergence of numerous movements for rights of people with disabilities, the development of the normalization principles, criticism of institutions and its dehumanizing effects, as well as the public scandals that were related to the treatment of the beneficiaries and living conditions. Expressed commitment to non-institutional care for people with disabilities in different countries was operationalised in practice at a different pace and with varying degrees of success. In some countries, this process took place relatively quickly and without major difficulties, while the system has remained still largely institutionalized in many countries. The commencement of the deinstitutionalization process in Serbia dates from the beginning of the 2000. This process was defined as a part of the social protection system reform. The system, which was characterized as predominantly institutionalized, was the subject of change efforts in the direction, Druga polovina dvadesetog veka je donela novine u razumevanju invaliditeta. Religijski, odnosno moralni model koji je obeležio početak percepcije i odnosa ljudi prema invaliditetu, kao i medicinski model koji je bio vekovima dominantan, bili su predmet preispitivanja usled promena u promišljanju i shvatanju invalidnosti. Alternativni modeli, poput socijalnog, odnosno bio-psiho-socijalnog i modela zasnovanog na ljudskim pravima su označili promenu paradigme, politika i zakonodavstva širom sveta u oblasti invalidnosti, kao i povećano prihvatanje osoba sa invaliditetom kao članova društava različitosti. Ovi modeli invalidnosti su bili praćeni različitom percepcijom i promenama pristupa osobama sa invaliditetom od strane profesionalaca, porodice, lokalnih zajednica i društva u celini. Stoga su velike rezidencijalne institucije koje su u formi azila služile za zbrinjavanje ovih osoba, počele da bivaju menjane uslugama u zajednici počevši od 1960-ih godina prošlog veka sa pojavom brojnih pokreta za zaštitu prava osoba sa invaliditetom, razvojem principa normalizacije, kritikom institucija i njenih dehumanizujućih efekata, kao i javnih skandala u ustanovama u vezi sa tretmanom i uslovima života korisnika. Iskazano opredeljenje ka vaninstitucionalnoj zaštiti osoba sa invaliditetom se u različitim zemljama operacionalizovalo u praksi različitom dinamikom i sa različitim uspehom. U nekim zemljama se ovaj proces odvijao brže i bez većih teškoća, dok je u mnogim zemljama sistem zaštite i dalje u velikoj meri institucionalizovan. Začeci procesa deinstitucionalizacije u Srbiji datiraju od početka 2000-ih godina i definisani su kao deo procesa reforme sistema socijalne zaštite. Sistem koji je bio okarakterisan kao pretežno institucionalizovani, bio je predmet nastojanja da se promeni u pravcu veće decentralizacije, aktivizacije i deinstitucionalizacije korisnika, a u skladu sa međunarodnim standardima koji su istovremeno deo neophodnih zahteva u procesu evropskih integracija. Stog

Предмет истраживања у овом раду представљају лексеме погрдног значења којима се у савременом српском језику именује и квалификује човек. Посреди су номинационе јединице негативне експресивне тоналности, у чијој семској структури, осим компонената денотације, значајну функцију у формирању лексичког значења чине конотативне семантичке компоненте – евалутивне, експресивне и емотивне семе. Анализом су, дакле, обухваћене једнолексемне јединице којима се реферише на човека и чијом се употребом у номинацији остварује негативна конотација, која може бити пејоративна, презрива, подругљива или иронична..., The objective of this research is the pejorative connotation of the lexemes denoting and qualifying people in contemporary Serbian language. It implicits the nominal units of negative expressive tonality with its semantic structure where, apart from the denotational components, the significant function in the forming of their lexical meaning play the connotational semantic components – evaluative, expressive and emotional semes. However, the analysis involves monolexemes referring to the person in order to achieve the negative connotation in its nomination which might be pejorative, contemptuous, despising or ironical...

Предмет докторске дисертације Говор врањске деце предшколског и школског узраста – социолингвистички приступ јесте говор врањске деце предшколског и школског узраста, анализа одређених језичких особина и њихова употреба у зависности од нејезичких чинилаца. У говору деце пратили смо и истраживали оне језичке особине које су у нашем прелиминарном истраживању показале нестабилност и колебање: место акцента, полугласник, одрични облик помоћног глагола јесам у презенту, глас х, финално л у радном глаголском придеву, заменице и прилози с финалним ј (кој, тој, никој, такој, овакој), енклитички облици заменица, компарација придева, радни придев глагола с основом на -ну, треће лице множине презента, грађење футура, удвајање заменичког објекта, деклинација именица. Поред описа наведених особина, пратили смо и њихову употребу у зависности од следећих нејезичких чинилаца: узраст ученика, пол, образовање оба родитеља, место становања (центар / периферија града), (не)похађање вртића (иде / не иде у вртић)..., The subject of the doctoral dissertation entitled The dialect of the preschool and school children from Vranje – sociolinguistic approach is the dialect of the preschool and school children from Vranje, the analysis of the certain linguistic chracteristics and their usage, depending on the non-linguistic factors. What was followed and examined in the children's dialect was the language characteristics, which showed instability and hesitation in our preliminary research: the place of accent, semi-sound, negative form of the auxiliary to be in the present tense, sound h, final l in past active participle, pronouns and adverbs with the final j (koj, moj, nikoj, такој, овакој), short forms of pronouns, comparison of adjectives, past active participles of the verbs whose stem finishes in nu, third person plural in the present, formation of the future tense, doubling of the pronoun object, declination of nouns. Apart from the description of the mentioned characterisitcs, we followed their usage depending on the following non-linguistic factors: pupils' age, sex, education of both parents, the location of living (the centre or the suburbs), whether the children attended kindergarten or not...

Radiolabeled magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with hydrophilic phosphate ligands, i.e., imidodiphosphate (IDP) and inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), were developed as multifunctional agents to localize both radioactivity and magnetic energy at a tumor site. The coating of MNPs with phosphates made them biocompatible, increased their colloidal stability and allowed binding of the radionuclide Y-90 to the available functional groups on the surface of the MNPs. IDP and IHP have not hitherto been used for the coating of MNPs and the results of this study of the functionalized MNPs showed that the phosphate groups influenced the modification of the surface of MNPs. Characterization of the MNPs was performed using X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and laser Doppler electrophoresis. The specific power absorption values obtained for MNPs (46.95-80.76 W g(-1)) in different physiological media indicated their possible application in hyperthermia treatment. Both types of coated MNPs were Y-90-labeled in a reproducible high yield ( GT 98%). In vitro studies of Y-90-MNPs in saline and human serum showed their high stability after 72 h. The biodistribution pattern of the MNPs after intravenous administration to healthy Wistar rats was followed by the radiotracer method, revealing that Y-90-Fe3O4-IDP and Y-90-Fe3O4-IHP MNPs were predominantly found in the liver (85.21% ID and 86.22% ID), followed by the spleen (9.23% ID and 8.82% ID) and the lungs (1.53% ID and 1.53% ID). The results of this comprehensive study showed that radiolabeled biocompatible phosphate magnetic complexes hold great promise for therapeutic uses combining magnetic hyperthermia and radiotherapy.

Already for many decades, brain drain is in the centre of debate of many economists as well as the impact of this phenomenon to the country of origin and inequalities among countries. Literature of 1960s and 1970s was dominated by attitudes on doubtless harm of migrations of high qualified persons for the country of origin but recently possible positive impacts were presented, like remittances, return of additional knowledge and skills obtained abroad, creation of business and trade ties. However, the problem is that majority of debates remained at theoretical level as a consequence of non-existence of evident data that would document actual effects of brain drain to various countries and in various periods of time. Emigration of highly qualified cadre is often described as a loss for the country of origin and gain for the country of destination. In reality this situation is much more complex. From the perspective of the country of origin, the loss can be decreased by reduction of unemployment rate but it yet cannot compensate the costs of education of those who left the country. However, if migrants connect enterprises in the country of origin with business capacities in the new country, both countries can benefit. On the other hand, if countries of destination do not use professional or other skills of emigrants as labor force, than migration can have negative influence on both societies. Impacts of migrations are broad and vary across economic and social sphere with significant overlapping and interaction among them., Odliv mozgova je već dugi niz decenija u centru debate mnogih ekonomista, kao i uticaj ove pojave na zemlju porekla i nejednakosti između zemalja. Literaturom šezdesetih i sedamdesetih godina dominirali su stavovi o nesumnjivoj štetnosti migracija visokokvalifikovanih po zemlju porekla da bi nedavno bili prezentovani i mogući pozitivni uticaji u vidu doznaka, povratka dodatnog znanja i veština stečenih u inostranstvu, kreiranje poslovnih i trgovinskih veza. Međutim, problem je što je većina rasprava ostala na teoretskom nivou kao posledica nepostojanja evidentnih podataka koje bi dokumentovale stvarne efekte odliva mozgova na različite zemlje i u različitim vremenskim periodima. Emigracija visokokvalifikovanog kadra se često opisuje kao gubitak za zemlju porekla a dobitak za zemlju destinacije. U stvarnosti je ova situacija mnogo kompleksnija. Iz perspektive zemlje porekla, gubitak može biti umanjen snižavanjem stope nezaposlenosti ali to ipak ne može da kompenzuje troškove obrazovanja onih koji su napustili zemlju. Međutim, ukoliko migranti povežu preduzeća u zemlji porekla sa poslovnim mogućnostima u novoj zemlji, obe zemlje mogu imati koristi. Sa druge strane, ukoliko zemlje destinacije ne koriste profesionalne ili druge veštine emigranata kao radne snage, onda migracija može imati negativan uticaj na oba društva. Uticaji migracija su široki i variraju širom ekonomske i socijalne sfere sa značajnim preklapanjem i interakcijom između njih.

У дисертацији под називом Књижевно дело Бранислава Нушића у настави пишчево стваралаштвo сагледано је у књижевноисторијском, књижевнотеоријском и методичком контексту. Полазећи од тога да Нушићево стваралаштво карактерише жанровска и поетичка разноликост, у уводном делу рада указано је на вредност и значај појединих његових литерарних и позоришних остварења. На почетку рада дат је аналитички осврт на Нушићево дело у наставним плановима и програмима за основну и средњу школу, образложене су вредности пишчевих прозних и драмских текстова и њихова наставна сврховитост. Посебна пажња посвећена је одобреним школским уџбеницима, корпусу предвиђене лектире и одабраној стручној и методичкој литератури. Проучене су погодности избора Нушићевих текстова у уџбеничкој литератури за постизање прворазредних образовних, васпитних и функционалних циљева..., Dissertation Literary Work of Branislav Nušić in the Teaching Process observes the writer’s works in literature-historical, literature-theoretical and methodological context. Based on the fact that Nusic’s works are characterized by genre and poetical variety, the introductory part of the dissertation highlights the value and importance of some of his literary and theatre accomplishments. The beginning of the dissertation gives an analytical review of Nusic’s works in primary and secondary school curricula and clarifies the writer’s prose and drama works’ value and purposefulness of their presence in school curricula. Special attention is focused on accredited school course books, school reading matter and chosen technical and methodology literature. The dissertation deals with the appropriateness of including Nusic’s works into school textbooks in order to achieve first-class educational and functional aims...

Основни допринос ове докторске дисертације је развој алгоритама за објективну процену визуелног квалитета слике синтетизоване применом ДИБР (Depth Image Based Rendering) техника које узрокују неуниформна изобличења у области ивица. Применом нелинеарних морфолошких филтара у мултирезолуционој декомпозицији слика код израчунавања предложене метрике, важне геометријске информације као што су ивице су добро очуване без помака и замућења у сликама на различитим скалама мултирезолуционе репрезентације. Израчунавањем МСЕ по подопсезима који садрже ивице, пиксел по пиксел, прецизно се мери разлика две мултирезолуционе репрезентације. Тако се највећи значај у процени квалитета додељује области ивица. Процене предложене метрике се добро поклапају са субјективним оценама., Osnovni doprinos ove doktorske disertacije je razvoj algoritama za objektivnu procenu vizuelnog kvaliteta slike sintetizovane primenom DIBR (Depth Image Based Rendering) tehnika koje uzrokuju neuniformna izobličenja u oblasti ivica. Primenom nelinearnih morfoloških filtara u multirezolucionoj dekompoziciji slika kod izračunavanja predložene metrike, važne geometrijske informacije kao što su ivice su dobro očuvane bez pomaka i zamućenja u slikama na različitim skalama multirezolucione reprezentacije. Izračunavanjem MSE po podopsezima koji sadrže ivice, piksel po piksel, precizno se meri razlika dve multirezolucione reprezentacije. Tako se najveći značaj u proceni kvaliteta dodeljuje oblasti ivica. Procene predložene metrike se dobro poklapaju sa subjektivnim ocenama., The main contribution of this doctoral thesis is the development of algorithms for objective DIBR-synthesized view quality assessment. DIBR algorithms introduce nonuniform geometric distortions affecting the edge coherency in the synthesized images.The non-linear morphological filters used in multi-scale image decompositions of the proposed metric maintain important geometric information such as edges across different resolution levels.Calculating MSE pixel-by-pixel through subbands in which the edges are extracted, the difference of the two multiresolution representations, the reference and the synthesized image, is precisely measured. In that way the importance of edge areas which are prone to synthesis artifacts is emphasized in the image quality assessment. The proposed metric has very good agreement with human judgment.

Друга половина двадесетог века је донела новине у разумевању инвалидитета. Религијски, односно морални модел који је обележио почетак перцeпције и односа људи према инвалидитету, као и медицински модел који је био вековима доминантан, били су предмет преиспитивања услед промена у промишљању и схватању инвалидности. Алтернативни модели, попут социјалног, односно био-психо-социјалног и модела заснованог на људским правима су означили промену парадигме, политика и законодавства широм света у области инвалидности, као и повећано прихватање особа са инвалидитетом као чланова друштава различитости. Ови модели инвалидности су били праћени различитом перцепцијом и променама приступа особама са инвалидитетом од стране професионалаца, породице, локалних заједница и друштва у целини. Стога су велике резиденцијалне институције које су у форми азила служиле за збрињавање ових особа, почеле да бивају мењане услугама у заједници почевши од 1960-их година прошлог века са појавом бројних покрета за заштиту права особа са инвалидитетом, развојем принципа нормализације, критиком институција и њених дехуманизујућих ефеката, као и јавних скандала у установама у вези са третманом и условима живота корисника. Исказано опредељење ка ванинституционалној заштити особа са инвалидитетом се у различитим земљама операционализовало у пракси различитом динамиком и са различитим успехом. У неким земљама се овај процес одвијао брже и без већих тешкоћа, док је у многим земљама систем заштите и даље у великој мери институционализован. Зачеци процеса деинституционализације у Србији датирају од почетка 2000-их година и дефинисани су као део процеса реформе система социјалне заштите. Систем који је био окарактерисан као претежно институционализовани, био је предмет настојања да се промени у правцу веће децентрализације, активизације и деинституционализације корисника, а у складу са међународним стандардима који су истовремено део неопходних захтева у процесу европских интеграција. Стога је предмет овог р, The second half of the 20th century has brought novelty in understanding of disability. Religious or moral model, that marked the beginning of peoples’ perceptions and attitudes towards disability, as well as the medical model that has prevailed for few centuries, were subjected to review because of changes in reflecting and understanding of disability. Alternative models, such as the social or bio-psycho-social and human rights based model have marked a change of paradigm, policies and legislation in the field of disability around the world, as well as increased acceptance of persons with disabilities as members of diverse societies. These models of disability were followed by different perception and changes in the approach to people with disabilities by professionals, their families, local communities and society as a whole. Therefore, the large residential institutions, in the form of asylum, served for treatment of these people begun to be replaced by community-based services starting from the 1960s of the last century with the emergence of numerous movements for rights of people with disabilities, the development of the normalization principles, criticism of institutions and its dehumanizing effects, as well as the public scandals that were related to the treatment of the beneficiaries and living conditions. Expressed commitment to non-institutional care for people with disabilities in different countries was operationalised in practice at a different pace and with varying degrees of success. In some countries, this process took place relatively quickly and without major difficulties, while the system has remained still largely institutionalized in many countries. The commencement of the deinstitutionalization process in Serbia dates from the beginning of the 2000. This process was defined as a part of the social protection system reform. The system, which was characterized as predominantly institutionalized, was the subject of change efforts in the direction

Предмет овог докторског истраживања је семантичка анализа лексике са значењем назива животиња у савременом српском језику, њена класификација, а с тим у вези и предлог њене лексикографске обраде. У истраживању су коришћене конструктивна, стилистичка, аналитичка, корпусна, методе теоријске, компоненцијалне и концептуалне анализе, анализе речничких дефиниција и контекстуалне анализе. У контексту ужих проучавања у науци о језику, место овог истраживања је у оквирима лексикологије и лексикографије. Материјал за истраживање чини око 700 лексичких јединица са значењем назива животиња и њихових деривата и око 2000 секундарних значења, сакупљених из лексикографских извора чију основну базу чини Речник САНУ. На овом корпусу ураёена је и класификација лексема по тематским групама и то на основу 1) семантичког критеријума и 2) критеријума мотивације за развијање секундарних значења. То значи да се лексичке јединице класификују на основу појединачних значења и да различите лексеме, на основу полисемантичке структуре, могу спадати у више различитих тематско-мотивских група. У наш корпус убрајамо зоониме који у склопу своје семантичке структуре имају најмање једно секундарно лексичко значење као и њихове деривате и композите који развијају основно или секундарно значење удаљено од полазног појма животињског представника. У лексичке јединице са значењем назива животиње (или зоониме) убрајамо све оне јединице које су, пре свега, у дескриптивним речницима српског језика означене квалификативом зоол., али генерално све које именују животињске врсте (било да је у питању народна, покрајинска или разговорна лексика)..., The subject of this doctoral research is semantic analysis of lexemes denoting animals in contemporary Serbian language, their classification, and the corresponding proposal of their lexicographical processing. The research used constructive, stylistic, analytical, corpus methods, methods of theoretical, componential, and conceptual analysis, analysis of dictionary definitions, and contextual analysis. In the narrower study context of the science of language, the place of this research is within the framework of lexicology and lexicography. Research material includes about 700 lexical units denoting animals and their derivatives, and about 2,000 secondary meanings, collected from lexical sources whose main base is the dictionary of Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. This corpus was used for the classification of lexemes by thematic groups, based on 1) semantic criterion and 2) criterion of motivation for the development of secondary meanings. This means that the lexical units are classified on the basis of individual meanings, and that different lexemes, on the basis of polysemantic structure, can fall into different thematic-motive groups. This corpus includes animal names, which, within their semantic structure, have at least one secondary lexical meaning, as well as their derivatives and composites that develop primary or secondary meaning away from the initial concept of animal representative. The lexical units denoting animals (or zoonyms) include all those units that are, primarily in descriptive Serbian language dictionaries, marked by the qualifier ―zool.‖, but generally all denoting animal types (whether these are national, provincial, or conversational lexemes)...

У овом раду дата је подробна анализа правописне исправности, тј. ортографских карактеристика школских писмених задатака ученика средњег образовања (I део), а размотрене су и могућности унапређивања наставе правописа у средњим школама (II део). Полазећи од примарних хипотеза да је настава правописа у средњој школи запостављена, те да је утврђивање заступљености, учесталости и узрока појављивања правописних грешака у писменим задацима ученика добар показатељ у ком правцу треба усмерити модерну наставу правописа, спроведено је обимно истраживање ортографске норме на корпусу од 3.135 писмених задатака (1.000 вежбанки) писаних школске 2010/11. године. Истраживачки корпус сакупљен је уз помоћ наставника из шест школа различитих образовних профила и смерова у Србији, испитан је дескриптивном и аналитичком методом, а за унос и обраду података коришћен је програм Ексел. Укупно 8.320 правописних грешака, колико их је забележено у истраживачком корпусу (од тога је у основни текст дисертације имплементовано ради илустрације више од 3.000 примера), класификовано је према правописним темама (10) и подтемама (укупно 80), али је њихова заступљеност и фреквентност утврђивана и према узрасту ученика, школском усмерењу и оствареном успеху ученика на писменим задацима. Посебна пажња посвећена је откривању узрока појављивања и опстајања типичних (фреквентних) ортографских грешака у писменим задацима средњошколаца. Анализа резултата истраживања показала је следеће: (1) функционална писменост ученика у нашим средњим школама је на незавидном нивоу – сваки ученик начини у просеку три правописне грешке у једном писменом задатку (најмање једну која се тиче употребе запета); (2) ученици у писменим задацима највише греше у интерпункцији, спојеном и одвојеном писању речи и употреби великог слова, те су то правописне области које треба темељније обрађивати у настави и методичкој литератури; (3) највише проблема у области правописа (и на правописним тестовима и у писменим задацима) имају ученици д, This paper presents a detailed analysis of orthographic correctness, ie. orthographic characteristics of written tasks of secondary school students (Part I), and the possibilities of improving teaching orthography in secondary schools have also been discussed (Part II). Starting from the hypothesis that the primary orthography teaching in secondary schools is neglected, thus establishing the presence, frequency of occurrence and causes of orthographic errors in written assignments is a good indication of which direction to focus modern teaching of orthography, an extensive research of orthographic norms has been conducted on a corpus of 3,135 written assignments (1,000 exercise books) written in the 2010/2011 school year. The research corpus was collected with the help of teachers from six schools of different educational backgrounds and majors in Serbia, and was examined by descriptive and analytical method; Excel program was used for data processing. The total of 8,320 spelling errors, recorded in the research corpus (of which in the main text of the dissertation over 3,000 cases has been implemented for illustration) were classified according to orthographic topics (10) and sub-topics (total 80), but their presence and frequency was determined according to the age of the students, school orientation and the success students showed on written assignments. Special attention has been paid to discovering the causes of occurrence and remaining of typical (frequent) orthographic mistakes in written tasks of secondary school students. Analysis of the survey results showed the following: (1) functional literacy of students in our secondary schools is at a low level − each student makes on average three orthographic errors in one written assignment (at least one concerning the use of the comma); (2) students in writing tasks make most mistakes in punctuation, connected and separate writing of words and in the use of capital letters so these are the orthography areas that