82 results on '"Staats, S"'
Search Results
2. gamma-tocopherol transfer protein
- Author
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Aeschimann, W., primary, Kammer, S., additional, Staats, S., additional, and Stocker, A., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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3. A brief report on hope in peace and war, and in good times and bad
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Staats S. and Partlo C.
- Published
- 1993
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4. Effects of resveratrol and genistein on growth, nutrient utilization and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout
- Author
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Torno, C., primary, Staats, S., additional, de Pascual-Teresa, S., additional, Rimbach, G., additional, and Schulz, C., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology
- Author
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Elhaik, E, Greenspan, E, Staats, S, Krahn, T, Tyler-Smith, C, Xue, Y, Tofanelli, S, Francalacci, P, Cucca, F, Pagani, Luca, Jin, L, Li, H, Schurr, Tg, Greenspan, B, Spencer Wells, R, Acosta, O, Adhikarla, S, Adler, Cj, Balanovska, E, Balanovsky, O, Bertranpetit, J, Clarke, Ac, Comas, D, Cooper, A, Dulik, Mc, Gaieski, Jb, Ganesh Prasad AK, Haak, W, Haber, M, Kaplan, Me, Lacerda, Dr, Li, S, Martinez-Cruz, B, Matisoo-Smith, Ea, Merchant, Nc, Mitchell, Jr, Owings, Ac, Parida, L, Pitchappan, R, Platt, De, Quintana-Murci, L, Renfrew, C, Royyuru, Ak, Sandoval, Jr, Santhakumari, Av, Santos, Fr, Der Sarkissian CSI, Soodyall, S, Soria Hernanz DF, Swamikrishnan, P, Vieira, Pp, Vilar, Mg, Zalloua, Pa, and Ziegle, Js
- Subjects
Letter ,Anthropology ,Human Migration ,Population genetics ,Genética de población ,Ancestry-informative marker ,Human genetic variation ,MED/03 Genetica medica ,Genética humana ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Haplogroup ,genetic anthropology ,AimsFinder ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Genes, Y-Linked ,Human Genome Project ,Genetics ,Humans ,Quantitative Biology - Genomics ,Genographic Project ,Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution ,Genotyping ,Denisovan ,Antropologia ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Anthropology, Cultural ,History, Ancient ,030304 developmental biology ,GenoChip ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Genomics (q-bio.GN) ,0303 health sciences ,Genètica humana ,Genètica de poblacions ,biology ,BIO/18 Genetica ,Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE) ,population genetics ,Especiación genética ,biology.organism_classification ,FOS: Biological sciences ,haplogroups ,Haplotipos ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup - Abstract
The Genographic Project is an international effort using genetic data to chart human migratory history. The project is non-profit and non-medical, and through its Legacy Fund supports locally led efforts to preserve indigenous and traditional cultures. In its second phase, the project is focusing on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide SNP genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are not appropriate for global population genetic studies. GenoChip, the Genographic Project's new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher-resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. We developed novel methods to identify AIMs and genomic regions that may be enriched with alleles shared with ancestral hominins. Overall, we collected and ascertained AIMs from over 450 populations. Containing an unprecedented number of Y-chromosomal and mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 SNPs from the autosomes and X-chromosome, the chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. The GenoChip results were successfully validated. To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays for three continental populations. While all arrays yielded similarly shaped (inverse J) FST distributions, the GenoChip autosomal and X-chromosomal distributions had the highest mean FST, attesting to its ability to discern subpopulations. The GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology and promises to be the most powerful tool available for assessing population structure and migration history., Comment: 11 pages, 5 Figures, 2 supplementary notes
- Published
- 2013
6. De rol van gezinsstructuur in het functioneren van adolescenten
- Author
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Staats, S. and Staats, S.
- Abstract
Background: Parental divorce is related to internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents. However, family structure has become more diverse over time. There is little understanding about how family structure relates to internalizing and externalizing. Therefore, this study includes married, cohabited, divorced and decohabited families. Purpose: The aim of the study is to clarify the relation between family structure and internalizing and externalizing problems, the role of gender, and quality of the parent-child relationship. Methods: This study includes 6821 Dutch adolescents in the age of 12 to 18 at a large representative group of secondary schools. Data were collected in six consecutive years via a cross-sequential design. These data consist of self-report questionnaires of adolescents about individual and family functioning. Results: Adolescents from divorced families show significantly higher levels of internalizing problems than adolescents from married, cohabitated, and decohabitated families. Adolescents from decohabitated families show significantly higher levels of externalizing problems than adolescents from married families. Furthermore, gender significantly interacts with family structure for internalizing problems. An indication for a (partial) mediation effect has been found for the quality of the parent-child relationship between family structure and internalizing and externalizing problems. Conclusion: Parental divorce is related to more internalizing problems in adolescents and parental decohabitation is related to more externalizing problems in adolescents, compared to adolescents with married parents. These relations could be partially mediated via the quality of the parent-child relationship and gender is related to the type of problem behavior.
- Published
- 2014
7. News – European Union
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Staats, S. and Wahl, T.
- Published
- 2009
8. European Union – Procedural Criminal Law – Ne bis in idem
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
9. European Union – Foundations – Community Powers in Criminal Matters
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
10. European Union – Specific Areas of Crime/Substantive Criminal Law – Corruption / Money Laundering / Non-Cash Means of Payment / Counterfeiting and Piracy
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
11. European Union – Specific Areas of Crime/Substantive Criminal Law – Organised Crime / Cybercrime
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
12. European Union – Foundations – The Hague Programme Review
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
13. European Union – Cooperation – Criminal Records
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
14. European Union – Institutions – OLAF
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
15. European Union – Cooperation – European Arrest Warrant
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
16. European Union – Cooperation – European Evidence Warrant
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
17. European Union – Procedural Criminal Law – Procedural Safeguards / Data Protection
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
18. European Union – Institutions – Europol
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
19. European Union – Cooperation – Police / Judicial Cooperation
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
20. European Union – Procedural Criminal Law – Freezing of Assets
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
21. European Union – Cooperation – European Supervision Order / Transfer of Sentenced Persons / Taking Account of Convictions
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
22. European Union – Institutions – Eurojust/European Judicial Network
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
23. European Union – Specific Areas of Crime/Substantive Criminal Law – Protection of Financial Interests
- Author
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Wahl, T. and Staats, S.
- Published
- 2008
24. Adults, pets, and well-being
- Author
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Staats, S.
- Subjects
Health ,Seniors - Abstract
Most persons in the United States own pets and many persons report a strong emotional bond with their pets. Pets are believed to be good for one's health and this is especially true for older persons with stress and diminished social support. There is mixed evidence for this belief (Robb & Stegman, 1983; Tucker, Friedman, Tasi, & Martin, 1995; Staats, et al, 1999). Here, were surveyed 212 community dwelling adults of 50 years of age or older concerning number of doctors visits, affective well-being, and several measures of attitude toward pets. We found that most people believe that owning a pet had helped their health, that their pet was very much a part of their family, and that their feelings toward others was affected by the way they reacted to their pets. Relationships between pet ownership and standard measures of well-being were small for the total sample. Complexities of the human animal bond and possible well-being mediators of the effect of the human animal bond on well-being are discussed.
- Published
- 2002
25. Immobilization of Notch ligand, Delta-1, is required for induction of notch signaling
- Author
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Varnum-Finney, B., primary, Wu, L., additional, Yu, M., additional, Brashem-Stein, C., additional, Staats, S., additional, Flowers, D., additional, Griffin, J.D., additional, and Bernstein, I.D., additional
- Published
- 2000
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26. Heroes don't cheat: an examination of academic dishonesty and students' views on why professors don't report cheating.
- Author
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Staats S, Hupp JM, Wallace H, and Gresley J
- Abstract
Some students do not cheat. Students high in measures of bravery, honesty, and empathy, our defining characteristics of heroism, report less past cheating than other students. These student heroes also reported that they would feel more guilt if they cheated and also reported less intent to cheat in the future than nonheroes. We find general consensus between students and professors as to reasons for the nonreporting of cheating, suggesting a general impression of insufficient evidence, lack of courage, and denial. Suggested interventions in academia are based in positive psychology and an understanding of academic heroes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
27. College students' perceptions of job demands, recommended retirement ages, and age of optimal performance in selected occupations.
- Author
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Panek PE, Staats S, and Hiles A
- Abstract
Two studies were conducted. In study one 100 participants rated 60 occupations on the amount of cognitive/intellectual, physical, sensory-perceptual, and perceptual-motor demands they perceived as required for successful performance in that particular occupation. Results of a cluster analysis determined four clusters of occupations on the basis of the four demands. These clusters were described as High Risk, Professions, Skilled Trades, and White Collar. Further, for each of the four demands/dimensions, the cognitive/intellectual, physical, sensory-perceptual, and perceptual motor demands were significantly different both between and within clusters. In study two, 100 participants rated the perceived retirement age, and 99 different participants rated the perceived optimal performance age for the 60 occupations employed in study one. Results indicated that age norms for perceived recommended retirement and perceived optimal performance age were differentially correlated across the four clusters of occupations. Perceived retirement age and optimal performance age varied discriminably between occupational clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
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28. The human fibroblast class II extracellular matrix receptor mediates platelet adhesion to collagen and is identical to the platelet glycoprotein Ia-IIa complex.
- Author
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Kunicki, T J, Nugent, D J, Staats, S J, Orchekowski, R P, Wayner, E A, and Carter, W G
- Abstract
A monoclonal antibody, P1H5, to the human fibroblast class II extracellular matrix receptor (ECMR II) specifically inhibits human fibroblast adhesion to collagen and immunoprecipitates a cell surface receptor containing an alpha and beta subunit of approximately 140 kilodaltons each (Wayner, E. A., and Carter, W. G. (1987) J. Cell Biol. 105, 1873-1884). We report here that P1H5 also specifically inhibits adhesion of unactivated human platelets to type I and III collagens, but not to fibronectin. Immunoprecipitation of the class II ECMR from Triton X-100 detergent lysates of platelets, after cell surface iodination, identified the platelet collagen receptor. Peptide mapping confirmed that the II alpha and II beta subunits immunoprecipitated from platelets are structurally homologous with those derived from fibroblasts. The platelet ECMR II alpha and -beta subunits comigrate with platelet membrane glycoproteins Ia and IIa, respectively, on two-dimensional nonreduced-reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. These results indicate that platelet and fibroblast adhesion to collagen are both mediated by a similar receptor and that the alpha and beta subunits of this receptor are identical to platelet membrane glycoproteins Ia and IIa, respectively. Although glycoprotein Ia has been previously implicated as a collagen binding protein, our results are the first direct evidence that platelet glycoprotein Ia is associated with glycoprotein IIa in a heterodimer complex and that this complex, by mediating platelet attachment, is an actual receptor for platelet adhesion to collagen.
- Published
- 1988
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29. Synthesis of 1,3,5,5-tetranitrohexahydropyrimidine.
- Author
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Levins, D. A., Bedford, C. D., and Staats, S. J.
- Published
- 1983
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30. PHILADELPHIA TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, No. 2. PHILADELPHIA, September 7, 1867.
- Author
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SCHURCH, CHARLES H., VALLETTE, E., DURBOROW, H. J., STEWART, E. F., and STAATS, S. H.
- Published
- 1867
31. Fat Quality Impacts the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on the Fatty Acid Profile, Life History Traits and Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster .
- Author
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Eickelberg V, Rimbach G, Seidler Y, Hasler M, Staats S, and Lüersen K
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Female, Fatty Acids, Diet, High-Fat, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Drosophila genetics, Gene Expression, Drosophila melanogaster genetics, Life History Traits
- Abstract
Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) has been shown to alter phenotypic and metabolic parameters in Drosophila melanogaster . However, the impact of fat quantity and quality remains uncertain. We first used butterfat (BF) as an example to investigate the effects of increasing dietary fat content (3-12%) on male and female fruit flies. Although body weight and body composition were not altered by any BF concentration, health parameters, such as lifespan, fecundity and larval development, were negatively affected in a dose-dependent manner. When fruit flies were fed various 12% HFDs (BF, sunflower oil, olive oil, linseed oil, fish oil), their fatty acid profiles shifted according to the dietary fat qualities. Moreover, fat quality was found to determine the effect size of the response to an HFD for traits, such as lifespan, climbing activity, or fertility. Consistently, we also found a highly fat quality-specific transcriptional response to three exemplary HFD qualities with a small overlap of only 30 differentially expressed genes associated with the immune/stress response and fatty acid metabolism. In conclusion, our data indicate that not only the fat content but also the fat quality is a crucial factor in terms of life-history traits when applying an HFD in D. melanogaster .
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- 2022
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32. Subclinical binge eating symptoms in early adolescence and its preceding and concurrent factors: a population-based study.
- Author
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Derks IPM, Harris HA, Staats S, Gaillard R, Dieleman GC, Llewellyn CH, Swanson SA, and Jansen PW
- Abstract
Objective: Binge eating, loss of control eating and overeating often develop during late childhood or early adolescence. Understanding the presentation of binge eating as early as symptoms manifest and its preceding and concurrent factors is essential to hamper the development of eating disorders. This study examined the prevalence, concurrent and preceding factors (e.g. compensatory behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems) of subclinical binge eating symptoms in early adolescence., Methods: Data from the population-based Generation R Study were used (n = 3595). At 10 years and 14 years, preceding and concurrent factors including eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, emotional and behavioral problems and body composition were assessed. At 14 years, 3595 adolescents self-reported on binge eating symptoms in the past 3 months and were categorized into four groups: no symptoms (n = 3143, 87.4%), overeating only (n = 121, 3.4%), loss of control (LOC) eating only (n = 252, 7.0%) or binge eating (i.e. both, n = 79, 2.2%)., Results: In total, 452 (12.6%) young adolescents reported subclinical binge eating symptoms. Those who reported LOC eating and binge eating showed most compensatory behaviors (e.g. hide or throw away food, skipping meals). Concurrent emotional and behavioral problems, body dissatisfaction, more emotional-, restrained- and uncontrolled eating, and a higher BMI were associated with subclinical binge eating symptoms. Preceding self-reported emotional and behavioral problems, body dissatisfaction, more restrained eating and higher BMI (both fat mass and fat-free mass) at 10 years were associated with LOC eating and binge eating, but not with overeating., Discussion: Among young adolescents, subclinical binge eating symptoms were common. Considering the high prevalence of LOC eating, and the overlapping preceding and concurrent factors of LOC eating and binge eating compared to overeating, LOC eating seems to be a key symptom of binge eating in early adolescence., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Phenotyping of Drosophila Melanogaster -A Nutritional Perspective.
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Eickelberg V, Lüersen K, Staats S, and Rimbach G
- Subjects
- Animals, Insulin metabolism, Longevity, Obesity, Diet, High-Fat, Drosophila melanogaster metabolism
- Abstract
The model organism Drosophila melanogaster was increasingly applied in nutrition research in recent years. A range of methods are available for the phenotyping of D. melanogaster , which are outlined in the first part of this review. The methods include determinations of body weight, body composition, food intake, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. In the second part, the practical application of the phenotyping of flies is demonstrated via a discussion of obese phenotypes in response to high-sugar diet (HSD) and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. HSD feeding and HFD feeding are dietary interventions that lead to an increase in fat storage and affect carbohydrate-insulin homeostasis, lifespan, locomotor activity, reproductive capacity and stress tolerance. Furthermore, studies regarding the impacts of HSD and HFD on the transcriptome and metabolome of D. melanogaster are important for relating phenotypic changes to underlying molecular mechanisms. Overall, D. melanogaster was demonstrated to be a valuable model organism with which to examine the pathogeneses and underlying molecular mechanisms of common chronic metabolic diseases in a nutritional context.
- Published
- 2022
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34. Engineering of a functional γ-tocopherol transfer protein.
- Author
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Aeschimann W, Kammer S, Staats S, Schneider P, Schneider G, Rimbach G, Cascella M, and Stocker A
- Subjects
- Humans, Ligands, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Vitamin E, alpha-Tocopherol, Endothelial Cells, gamma-Tocopherol
- Abstract
α-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) was previously reported to self-aggregate into 24-meric spheres (α-TTP
S ) and to possess transcytotic potency across mono-layers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this work, we describe the characterisation of a functional TTP variant with its vitamer selectivity shifted towards γ-tocopherol. The shift was obtained by introducing an alanine to leucine substitution into the substrate-binding pocket at position 156 through site directed mutagenesis. We report here the X-ray crystal structure of the γ-tocopherol specific particle (γ-TTPS ) at 2.24 Å resolution. γ-TTPS features full functionality compared to its α-tocopherol specific parent including self-aggregation potency and transcytotic activity in trans-well experiments using primary HUVEC cells. The impact of the A156L mutation on TTP function is quantified in vitro by measuring the affinity towards γ-tocopherol through micro-differential scanning calorimetry and by determining its ligand-transfer activity. Finally, cell culture experiments using adherently grown HUVEC cells indicate that the protomers of γ-TTP, in contrast to α-TTP, do not counteract cytokine-mediated inflammation at a transcriptional level. Our results suggest that the A156L substitution in TTP is fully functional and has the potential to pave the way for further experiments towards the understanding of α-tocopherol homeostasis in humans., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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35. Combined effects of nutritional, biochemical and environmental stimuli on growth performance and fatty acid composition of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).
- Author
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Torno C, Staats S, Fickler A, de Pascual-Teresa S, Soledad Izquierdo M, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animals, Nutrients analysis, Phytoestrogens administration & dosage, Animal Feed analysis, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fish Oils administration & dosage, Genistein administration & dosage, Sea Bream growth & development, Sea Bream metabolism, Temperature
- Abstract
The reliance of the aquafeed industry on marine resources has to be reduced by innovative approaches in fish nutrition. Thus, a three-factorial approach (fish oil reduced diet, phytochemical genistein, and temperature reduction) was chosen to investigate the interaction of effects on growth performance and tissue omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) levels in juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata, 12.5 ± 2.2 g). Genistein is a phytoestrogen with estrogen-like activity and thus LC-PUFA increasing potential. A decrease in the rearing temperature was chosen based on the positive effects of low temperature on fish lipid quality. The experimental diets were reduced in marine ingredients and had a fish oil content of either 6% dry matter (DM; F6: positive control) or 2% DM (F2: negative control) and were administered in the plain variant or with inclusion of 0.15% DM genistein (F6 + G and F2 + G). The feeding trial was performed simultaneously at 23°C and 19°C. The results indicated that solely temperature had a significant effect on growth performance and whole body nutrient composition of sea bream. Nevertheless, the interaction of all three factors significantly affected the fatty acid compositions of liver and fillet tissue. Most importantly, they led to a significant increase by 4.3% of fillet LC-PUFA content in sea bream fed with the diet F6 + G in comparison to control fish fed diet F6, when both groups were held at 19°C. It is hypothesized that genistein can act via estrogen-like as well as other mechanisms and that the dietary LC-PUFA content may impact its mode of action. Temperature most likely exhibited its effects indirectly via altered growth rates and metabolism. Although effects of all three factors and of genistein in particular were only marginal, they highlight a possibility to utilize the genetic capacity of sea bream to improve tissue lipid quality., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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36. Dietary ursolic acid improves health span and life span in male Drosophila melanogaster.
- Author
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Staats S, Wagner AE, Lüersen K, Künstner A, Meyer T, Kahns AK, Derer S, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Busch H, Sina C, Ipharraguerre IR, and Rimbach G
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, Drosophila melanogaster, Male, Triterpenes administration & dosage, Ursolic Acid, Longevity drug effects, Triterpenes pharmacology
- Abstract
The health and life span of Drosophila melanogaster are partly determined by intestinal barrier integrity, metabolic rate as well as stress response and the expression of longevity-associated genes, depending on genetic and dietary factors. Ursolic acid (UA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid exhibiting potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiobesity activity and counteracting age-related deficits in muscle strength. In this study, UA was dietarily administered to w
1118 D. melanogaster which significantly elongated the health and life span of males. Spargel (srl) is the Drosophila orthologue of mammalian peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α(PGC1α), an important regulator of energy homeostasis and mitochondrial function. Our results indicate that the health-promoting effect of UA, demonstrated by a significant increase in climbing activity, occurs via an upregulation of srl expression leading to a metabolic shift in the fly without reducing fecundity or gut integrity. Moreover, UA affected the flies' microbiota in a manner that contributed to life span extension. Srl expression and microbiota both seem to be affected by UA, as we determined by using srl-mutant and axenic flies. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):169-186, 2019., (© 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)- Published
- 2019
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37. Screening dietary biochanin A, daidzein, equol and genistein for their potential to increase DHA biosynthesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
- Author
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Fickler A, Staats S, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animals, Equol administration & dosage, Female, Fisheries, Genistein administration & dosage, Isoflavones administration & dosage, Lipid Metabolism drug effects, Liver drug effects, Liver metabolism, Plant Oils administration & dosage, Animal Feed, Biosynthetic Pathways drug effects, Dietary Supplements, Docosahexaenoic Acids biosynthesis, Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolism
- Abstract
Plant oil utilization in aquafeeds is still the most practical option, although it decreases the content of the nutritionally highly valuable omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in fish. Phytoestrogens and their metabolites are putatively able to affect genes encoding proteins centrally involved in the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA due to their estrogenic potential. Thus, the aim of the study was to screen the potential of the phytoestrogens to stimulate the biosynthesis of EPA and DHA in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Additionally, the potential effects on growth performance, nutrient composition and hepatic lipid metabolism in rainbow trout were investigated. For that, a vegetable oil based diet served as a control diet (C) and was supplemented with 15 g/kg dry matter of biochanin A (BA), daidzein (DA), genistein (G) and equol (EQ), respectively. These five diets were fed to rainbow trout (initial body weight 83.3 ± 0.4 g) for 52 days. Growth performance and nutrient composition of whole body homogenates were not affected by the dietary treatments. Furthermore, feeding EQ to rainbow trout significantly increased DHA levels by +8% in whole body homogenates compared to samples of fish fed the diet C. A tendency towards increased DHA levels in whole body homogenates was found for fish fed the diet G. Fish fed diets BA and DA lacked these effects. Moreover, EQ and G fed fish showed significantly decreased hepatic mRNA steady state levels for fatty acyl desaturase 2a (delta-6) (fads2a(d6)). In contrast, carnitine palmitoyl transferases 1 (cpt1) hepatic mRNA steady state levels and hepatic Fads2a(d6) protein contents were not affected by the dietary treatment. In conclusion, when combined with dietary vegetable oils, equol and genistein seem to stimulate the biosynthesis of DHA and thereby increase tissue DHA levels in rainbow trout, however, only to a moderate extent., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2019
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38. Combination of Dietary Ahiflower Oil and Equol Enhances Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels in Rainbow Trout Tissues.
- Author
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Fickler A, Staats S, Michl SC, Hasler M, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animals, Docosahexaenoic Acids metabolism, Eicosapentaenoic Acid metabolism, Equol pharmacology, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated metabolism, Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolism, Plant Oils pharmacology
- Abstract
Equol and Ahiflower oil have been shown to increase either eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) levels in tissues of rainbow trout when applied individually. Thus, we investigated whether the combination of an Ahiflower oil-based diet and equol might increase both, EPA and DHA levels, in rainbow trout. Rainbow trout (87.1 ± 0.3 g) were fed with five diets for 8 weeks. A diet based on a blend of fish and vegetable oils (FV) served as a reference diet. The four experimental diets contained a blend of Ahiflower oil and vegetable oils (AV). The AV-diets were supplemented with equol by 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% DM of the diet (AV-C, AV-EQ1, AV-EQ2, and AV-EQ3). The dietary treatments did not affect growth performance of fish and chemical nutrient composition of the whole body samples. Fish fed with the equol diets showed dose-dependently increased liver weights and 18:0 liver levels. The content of EPA showed no consistent pattern between tissues but all AV-groups were characterized by higher liver EPA values than FV. DHA values of AV-EQ2 and AV-EQ3 were similar to FV in fillet, tended to be the highest in the whole body and were significantly higher in liver compared to FV. In contrast, mRNA steady state levels of fatty acyl desaturase 2a (delta-6) [fads2a(d6)] were not affected by the dietary treatments. In conclusion, the combination of dietary Ahiflower oil and equol (0.2% and 0.3%) seems to affect the fatty acid metabolism of rainbow trout positively to increase DHA tissue levels., (© 2019 AOCS.)
- Published
- 2018
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39. Fatty Acid Composition and Fatty Acid Associated Gene-Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream ( Sparus aurata ) are Affected by Low-Fish Oil Diets, Dietary Resveratrol, and Holding Temperature.
- Author
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Torno C, Staats S, Michl SC, de Pascual-Teresa S, Izquierdo M, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Diet methods, Docosahexaenoic Acids metabolism, Eicosapentaenoic Acid metabolism, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 metabolism, Gene Expression genetics, Sea Bream genetics, Temperature, Fatty Acids genetics, Fatty Acids metabolism, Fish Oils pharmacology, Gene Expression drug effects, Resveratrol pharmacology, Sea Bream metabolism
- Abstract
To sustainably produce marine fish with a high lipid quality rich in omega-3 fatty acids, alternative sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are being identified. Moreover, the use of bioactive compounds that would stimulate the in vivo fatty acid synthesis, such as resveratrol (RV), would reduce the dependence on fish oil in aquafeeds. Gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) were fed four experimental diets combining two fish oil levels (6% dry matter (DM); 2% DM) with or without 0.15% DM resveratrol supplementation (F6, F2, F6 + RV, F2 + RV) for two months. Additionally, the fish were challenged either at 19 °C or 23 °C. A higher water temperature promoted their feed intake and growth, resulting in an increased crude lipid content irrespective of dietary treatment. The fatty acid composition of different tissues was significantly affected by the holding temperature and dietary fish oil level. The dietary RV significantly affected the hepatic EPA and DHA content of fish held at 19 °C. The observed effect of RV may be partly explained by alterations of the mRNA steady-state levels of ∆6-desaturase and β-oxidation-related genes. Besides the relevant results concerning RV-mediated regulation of fatty acid synthesis in marine fish, further studies need to be conducted to clarify the potential value of RV to enhance fillet lipid quality.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Lithocholic Acid Improves the Survival of Drosophila Melanogaster.
- Author
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Staats S, Rimbach G, Kuenstner A, Graspeuntner S, Rupp J, Busch H, Sina C, Ipharraguerre IR, and Wagner AE
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cell Cycle genetics, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Drosophila Proteins genetics, Eating drug effects, Feces microbiology, Female, Fertility genetics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Glucose metabolism, Longevity drug effects, Male, Mortality, Mutation, Positive Transcriptional Elongation Factor B genetics, Transcription Factors genetics, Drosophila melanogaster drug effects, Drosophila melanogaster physiology, Lithocholic Acid pharmacology
- Abstract
Scope: Primary bile acids are produced in the liver, whereas secondary bile acids, such as lithocholic acid (LCA), are generated by gut bacteria from primary bile acids that escape the ileal absorption. Besides their well-known function as detergents in lipid digestion, bile acids are important signaling molecules mediating effects on the host's metabolism., Methods and Results: Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) are supplemented with 50 μmol L
-1 LCA either for 30 days or throughout their lifetime. LCA supplementation results in a significant induction of the mean (+12 days), median (+10 days), and maximum lifespan (+ 11 days) in comparison to untreated control flies. This lifespan extension is accompanied by an induction of spargel (srl), the fly homolog of mammalian PPAR-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α). In wild-type flies, the administration of antibiotics abrogates both the LCA-mediated lifespan induction as well as the upregulation of srl., Conclusion: It is shown that the secondary bile acid LCA significantly induces the mean, the median, and the maximum survival in D. melanogaster. Our data suggest that besides an upregulation of the PGC1α-homolog srl, unidentified alterations in the structure or metabolism of the gut microbiota contribute to the longevity effect mediated by LCA., (© 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Dietary Buglossoides arvensis Oil as a Potential Candidate to Substitute Fish Oil in Rainbow Trout Diets.
- Author
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Fickler A, Staats S, Hasler M, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animals, Docosahexaenoic Acids analysis, Eicosapentaenoic Acid analysis, Animal Feed analysis, Aquaculture methods, Boraginaceae chemistry, Diet veterinary, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Fish Oils administration & dosage, Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolism, Plant Oils administration & dosage
- Abstract
The utilization of vegetable oils in salmonid diets substantially decreased the body content of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), and thus the product quality for human consumption. Therefore, new ingredients for aquaculture feeds are needed that maximize the deposition of health-promoting n-3 LC-PUFA. This study investigated Buglossoides arvensis (Ahiflower) oil, a plant oil rich in alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3, ALA) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3, SDA), as a source of n-3 fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) nutrition. Rainbow trout (87.4 ± 0.6 g) were fed for 56 days. The oils of the control diet (FV) were substituted by Ahiflower oil at 33%, 66%, and 100% (A33, A66, A100). Dietary Ahiflower oil increased the final body weights of fish. mRNA steady state levels of fatty acyl desaturase 2a (delta-6) (fads2a(d6)) and 2b (delta-5) (fads2b(d5)) as well as carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 a (cpt1a) were not altered by dietary treatments. In contrast, cpt1c mRNA steady state levels were significantly downregulated in samples of fish fed A66 and A100. Significantly higher eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) levels were found in the liver and significantly higher EPA levels in the fillet of rainbow trout of A66 and A100 compared to FV. The content of DHA in fillets of fish fed Ahiflower oil was not significantly different to fish fed FV. Thus, high dietary amounts of Ahiflower oil can compensate for reduced dietary EPA and DHA levels., (© 2018 AOCS.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research.
- Author
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Staats S, Lüersen K, Wagner AE, and Rimbach G
- Subjects
- Animals, Drosophila melanogaster genetics, Drosophila melanogaster growth & development, Fertility, Humans, Longevity, Reproduction, Drosophila melanogaster metabolism, Models, Animal, Nutritional Sciences methods
- Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Longitudinal Transmission of Conflict Management Styles Across Inter-Parental and Adolescent Relationships.
- Author
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Staats S, van der Valk IE, Meeus WHJ, and Branje SJT
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Father-Child Relations, Female, Friends psychology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Parents psychology, Psychology, Adolescent, Self Report, Socioeconomic Factors, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Family Conflict psychology, Mother-Child Relations psychology, Negotiating psychology, Sexual Partners psychology
- Abstract
This study longitudinally investigated transmission of conflict management styles across inter-parental, adolescent-parent, adolescent-friend, and adolescent-partner relationships. During four waves, 799 middle-to-late adolescents (M
age-t1 = 15.80; 54% boys) and their parents completed the Conflict Resolution Style Inventory. Cross-lagged path analyses indicated transmission of adolescent conflict management styles in relationships with parents to relationships with friends and romantic partners: Positive problem solving and conflict engagement utilized by adolescents in conflicts with parents were significantly, positively related to, respectively, adolescent positive problem solving and conflict engagement in relationships with friends 1 year later and relationships with partners 2 years later. Thus, the study showed that the way adolescents manage conflicts with parents predicts how they handle conflicts later in relationships outside the family., (© 2017 The Authors. Journal of Research on Adolescence © 2017 Society for Research on Adolescence.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Life Span, Body Composition, Stress Response, and Longevity-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster.
- Author
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Staats S, Wagner AE, Kowalewski B, Rieck FT, Soukup ST, Kulling SE, and Rimbach G
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Dietary Supplements, Drosophila Proteins metabolism, Female, Locomotion, Male, Resveratrol, Stilbenes administration & dosage, Antioxidants pharmacology, Body Composition, Drosophila Proteins genetics, Drosophila melanogaster drug effects, Longevity, Oxidative Stress, Stilbenes pharmacology
- Abstract
In this study, we tested the effect of the stilbene resveratrol on life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and the expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in ageing pathways in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster . Male and female w
1118 D. melanogaster were fed diets based on sucrose, corn meal, and yeast. Flies either received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 500 µmol/L resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol did not affect mean, median, and maximal life span of male and female flies. Furthermore, body composition remained largely unchanged following the resveratrol supplementation. Locomotor activity, as determined by the climbing index, was not significantly different between control and resveratrol-supplemented flies. Resveratrol-fed flies did not exhibit an improved stress response towards hydrogen peroxide as compared to controls. Resveratrol did not change mRNA steady levels of antioxidant ( catalase , glutathione-S-transferase , NADH dehydrogenase , glutathione peroxidase , superoxide dismutase 2 ) and longevity-related genes, including sirtuin 2 , spargel , and I'm Not Dead Yet . Collectively, present data suggest that resveratrol does not affect life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and longevity-associated gene expression in w1118 D. melanogaster ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to publish the results.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Fatty Acid Profile Is Modulated by Dietary Resveratrol in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
- Author
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Torno C, Staats S, Pascual-Teresa S, Rimbach G, and Schulz C
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Aquaculture, Diet, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated metabolism, Dietary Supplements analysis, Fatty Acids analysis, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 analysis, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 metabolism, Fish Oils chemistry, Liver metabolism, Plant Oils chemistry, Resveratrol, Fatty Acids metabolism, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Stilbenes metabolism
- Abstract
To produce fish of a high quality that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) and simultaneously generate more sustainable aquaculture, the combined use of phytochemicals and vegetable oils in fish feed seems to be a promising approach. Resveratrol (RV) potentially induces endogenous fatty acid synthesis, resulting in elevated n-3 FA levels in fish. RV putatively influences ∆6-desaturase, the key enzyme in FA metabolism, and serves as a ligand for PPARα, a transcription factor regulating β-oxidation. Rainbow trout (36.35 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into six groups and fed diets with reduced fish oil levels (F4 = 4%, F2 = 2% and F0 = 0% of dry matter) supplemented with 0.3% ( w / w ) RV (F4 + RV, F2 + RV and F0 + RV). RV significantly affected FA composition in liver tissue and whole fish homogenates. 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) were significantly increased whereas precursor FA were diminished in fish fed the F2 + RV and F0 + RV diets when compared to F4 + RV and F0. RV significantly elevated ∆6-desaturase protein levels in the livers of F0 + RV fed animals. Hepatic mRNA expression of ∆6-desaturase, PPARα, and its target genes were affected by the dietary fish oil level and not by dietary RV. The results of this study indicated a potential benefit of supplementing RV in fish oil deprived diets elevating n-3 FA levels in rainbow trout., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Self-assembled α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein Nanoparticles Promote Vitamin E Delivery Across an Endothelial Barrier.
- Author
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Aeschimann W, Staats S, Kammer S, Olieric N, Jeckelmann JM, Fotiadis D, Netscher T, Rimbach G, Cascella M, and Stocker A
- Subjects
- Caco-2 Cells, Crystallography, X-Ray, Endothelial Cells cytology, Epithelial Cells cytology, Epithelial Cells metabolism, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, Models, Molecular, Nanoparticles chemistry, Protein Aggregates, Protein Conformation, Protein Folding, Protein Multimerization, Protein Stability, Thermodynamics, Carrier Proteins chemistry, Carrier Proteins metabolism, Endosomes metabolism, Endothelial Cells metabolism, alpha-Tocopherol metabolism
- Abstract
Vitamin E is one of the most important natural antioxidants, protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membranes of cells. Among different chemical isoforms assimilated from dietary regimes, RRR-α-tocopherol is the only one retained in higher animals. This is possible thanks to α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein (α-TTP), which extracts α-tocopherol from endosomal compartments in liver cells, facilitating its distribution into the body. Here we show that, upon binding to its substrate, α-TTP acquires tendency to aggregation into thermodynamically stable high molecular weight oligomers. Determination of the structure of such aggregates by X-ray crystallography revealed a spheroidal particle formed by 24 protein monomers. Oligomerization is triggered by refolding of the N-terminus. Experiments with cultured cell monolayers demonstrate that the same oligomers are efficiently transported through an endothelial barrier (HUVEC) and not through an epithelial one (Caco-2). Discovery of a human endogenous transport protein with intrinsic capability of crossing endothelial tissues opens to new ways of drug delivery into the brain or other tissues protected by endothelial barriers.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Olive oil bioactives protect pigs against experimentally-induced chronic inflammation independently of alterations in gut microbiota.
- Author
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Liehr M, Mereu A, Pastor JJ, Quintela JC, Staats S, Rimbach G, and Ipharraguerre IR
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents chemistry, Caco-2 Cells, Chronic Disease, Cytokines blood, Humans, Inflammation blood, Male, Mice, Olive Oil chemistry, RAW 264.7 Cells, Swine blood, Swine microbiology, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Inflammation prevention & control, Olive Oil therapeutic use, Swine growth & development
- Abstract
Subclinical chronic inflammation (SCI) is associated with impaired animal growth. Previous work has demonstrated that olive-derived plant bioactives exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that could possibly counteract the growth-depressing effects of SCI. To test this hypothesis and define the underlying mechanism, we conducted a 30-day study in which piglets fed an olive-oil bioactive extract (OBE) and their control counterparts (C+) were injected repeatedly during the last 10 days of the study with increasing doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to induce SCI. A third group of piglets remained untreated throughout the study and served as a negative control (C-). In C+ pigs, SCI increased the circulating concentration of interleukin 1 beta (p < 0.001) and decreased feed ingestion (p < 0.05) and weight gain (p < 0.05). These responses were not observed in OBE animals. Although intestinal inflammation and colonic microbial ecology was not altered by treatments, OBE enhanced ileal mRNA abundance of tight and adherens junctional proteins (p < 0.05) and plasma recovery of mannitol (p < 0.05) compared with C+ and C-. In line with these findings, OBE improved transepithelial electrical resistance (p < 0.01) in TNF-α-challenged Caco-2/TC-7 cells, and repressed the production of inflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. In summary, this work demonstrates that OBE attenuates the suppressing effect of SCI on animal growth through a mechanism that appears to involve improvements in intestinal integrity unrelated to alterations in gut microbial ecology and function.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Duration and mutual entrainment of changes in parenting practices engendered by behavioral parent training targeting recently separated mothers.
- Author
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Reed A, Snyder J, Staats S, Forgatch MS, Degarmo DS, Patterson GR, Low S, Sinclair R, and Schmidt N
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Child Behavior Disorders psychology, Child Behavior Disorders therapy, Divorce psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers education, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Child Behavior psychology, Mothers psychology, Parenting psychology, Psychotherapy, Group methods
- Abstract
Parent management training (PMT) has beneficial effects on child and parent adjustment that last for 5 to 10 years. Short-term changes in parenting practices have been shown to mediate these effects, but the manner in which changes in specific components of parenting are sequenced and become reciprocally reinforcing (or mutually entrained) to engender and sustain the cascade of long-term beneficial effects resulting from PMT has received modest empirical attention. Long-term changes in parenting resulting from the Oregon model of PMT (PMTO) over a 2-year period were examined using data from the Oregon Divorce Study-II in which 238 recently separated mothers and their 6- to 10-year-old sons were randomly assigned to PMTO or a no treatment control (NTC) group. Multiple indicators of observed parenting practices were used to define constructs for positive parenting, monitoring and discipline at baseline, and at 6-, 12-, 18- and 30-months postbaseline. PMTO relative to NTC resulted in increased positive parenting and prevented deterioration in discipline and monitoring over the 30-month period. There were reliable sequential, transactional relationships among parenting practices; positive parenting supported better subsequent monitoring, and positive parenting and better monitoring supported subsequent effective discipline. Small improvements in parenting resulting from PMTO and small deteriorations in parenting in the NTC group may be sustained and amplified by mutually entrained relationships among parenting practices. These data about the change processes engendered by PMTO may provide information needed to enhance the power, effectiveness, and efficiency of behavioral parent training interventions.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. The GenoChip: a new tool for genetic anthropology.
- Author
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Elhaik E, Greenspan E, Staats S, Krahn T, Tyler-Smith C, Xue Y, Tofanelli S, Francalacci P, Cucca F, Pagani L, Jin L, Li H, Schurr TG, Greenspan B, and Spencer Wells R
- Subjects
- Genes, Y-Linked, History, Ancient, Human Genome Project, Human Migration history, Humans, Anthropology, Cultural, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics
- Abstract
The Genographic Project is an international effort aimed at charting human migratory history. The project is nonprofit and nonmedical, and, through its Legacy Fund, supports locally led efforts to preserve indigenous and traditional cultures. Although the first phase of the project was focused on uniparentally inherited markers on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the current phase focuses on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are inappropriate for global population genetic studies. GenoChip, the Genographic Project's new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. The GenoChip includes ancestry informative markers obtained for over 450 human populations, an ancient human (Saqqaq), and two archaic hominins (Neanderthal and Denisovan) and was designed to identify all known Y-chromosome and mtDNA haplogroups. The chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays. Although all arrays yielded similarly shaped (inverse J) FST distributions, the GenoChip autosomal and X-chromosomal distributions had the highest mean FST, attesting to its ability to discern subpopulations. The chip performances are illustrated in a principal component analysis for 14 worldwide populations. In summary, the GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology. With an unprecedented number of approximately 12,000 Y-chromosomal and approximately 3,300 mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 autosomal and X-chromosomal SNPs without any known health, medical, or phenotypic relevance, the GenoChip is a useful tool for genetic anthropology and population genetics.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Gender differences in how retirees perceive factors influencing unretirement.
- Author
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Armstrong-Stassen M and Staats S
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude, Choice Behavior, Employee Performance Appraisal, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perception, Personnel Staffing and Scheduling, Sex Factors, Staff Development, Employment psychology, Occupations, Prejudice, Retirement psychology, Work psychology
- Abstract
Returning to paid employment after retirement is occurring in many developed countries and can be expected to increase in the future. This study compared how women (n = 202) and men (n = 347) who had retired from a managerial or professional career occupation perceived factors associated with unretirement. Retired professional women perceived reasons to unretire, age-friendly human resource practices, and re-entry barriers to have greater influence on retirees' decision to unretire than retired managerial women and retired men. Both groups of retired women perceived training and development opportunities to have more influence than retired men. A major contribution of this study is the identification of pre-retirement career occupation as having an important effect on how female, but not male, retirees perceived the various factors. The findings suggest that researchers and employers need to consider the diversity that exists among retirees, not only gender differences but also differences among retired career women.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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