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The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology
- Source :
- Repositorio Académico USMP, Universidad San Martín de Porres-USMP, USMP-Institucional, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, instacron:USMP, Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya, instname, Genome Biology and Evolution
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- The Genographic Project is an international effort using genetic data to chart human migratory history. The project is non-profit and non-medical, and through its Legacy Fund supports locally led efforts to preserve indigenous and traditional cultures. In its second phase, the project is focusing on markers from across the entire genome to obtain a more complete understanding of human genetic variation. Although many commercial arrays exist for genome-wide SNP genotyping, they were designed for medical genetic studies and contain medically related markers that are not appropriate for global population genetic studies. GenoChip, the Genographic Project's new genotyping array, was designed to resolve these issues and enable higher-resolution research into outstanding questions in genetic anthropology. We developed novel methods to identify AIMs and genomic regions that may be enriched with alleles shared with ancestral hominins. Overall, we collected and ascertained AIMs from over 450 populations. Containing an unprecedented number of Y-chromosomal and mtDNA SNPs and over 130,000 SNPs from the autosomes and X-chromosome, the chip was carefully vetted to avoid inclusion of medically relevant markers. The GenoChip results were successfully validated. To demonstrate its capabilities, we compared the FST distributions of GenoChip SNPs to those of two commercial arrays for three continental populations. While all arrays yielded similarly shaped (inverse J) FST distributions, the GenoChip autosomal and X-chromosomal distributions had the highest mean FST, attesting to its ability to discern subpopulations. The GenoChip is a dedicated genotyping platform for genetic anthropology and promises to be the most powerful tool available for assessing population structure and migration history.<br />Comment: 11 pages, 5 Figures, 2 supplementary notes
- Subjects :
- Letter
Anthropology
Human Migration
Population genetics
Genética de población
Ancestry-informative marker
Human genetic variation
MED/03 Genetica medica
Genética humana
DNA, Mitochondrial
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Haplogroup
genetic anthropology
AimsFinder
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Genes, Y-Linked
Human Genome Project
Genetics
Humans
Quantitative Biology - Genomics
Genographic Project
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Genotyping
Denisovan
Antropologia
Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Anthropology, Cultural
History, Ancient
030304 developmental biology
GenoChip
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Genomics (q-bio.GN)
0303 health sciences
Genètica humana
Genètica de poblacions
biology
BIO/18 Genetica
Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
population genetics
Especiación genética
biology.organism_classification
FOS: Biological sciences
haplogroups
Haplotipos
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17596653
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Repositorio Académico USMP, Universidad San Martín de Porres-USMP, USMP-Institucional, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, instacron:USMP, Recercat. Dipósit de la Recerca de Catalunya, instname, Genome Biology and Evolution
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....238a76604be11674ff71a5326aae6b72