Search

Conventional visual search tasks do not address attention directly and their core manipulation of 'set size' – the number of displayed items – introduces stimulus confounds that hinder interpretation. However, alternative approaches have not been widely adopted, perhaps reflecting their complexity, assumptions, or indirect attention-sampling. Here, a new procedure, the ATtention Location And Size ('ATLAS') task used probe displays to track attention's location, breadth, and guidance during search. Though most probe displays comprised six items, participants reported only the single item they judged themselves to have perceived most clearly – indexing the attention 'peak'. By sampling peaks across variable 'choice sets', the size and position of the attention window during search was profiled. These indices appeared to distinguish narrow- from broad attention, signalled attention to pairs of items where it arose and tracked evolving attention-guidance over time. ATLAS is designed to discriminate five key search modes: serial-unguided, sequential-guided, unguided attention to 'clumps' with local guidance, and broad parallel-attention with or without guidance. This initial investigation used only an example set of highly regular stimuli, but its broader potential should be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations have been increasing in Europe in the last decades. Without reliable methods, game managers frequently underestimate the population size, leading to underharvesting. The aim of this research was to identify the most suitable method for roe deer density estimation in lowland, sparsely forested, high-visibility flat areas in Hungary. The census data of the total counting in the daytime strip transect and the night spotlight strip transect, as the total counting of the sample areas with a thermal camera from observation points within 0–250 m and 0–500 m ranges, were compared in seven hunting areas. It was revealed that using the thermal camera within 0–250 m and the spotlight method in the same range gave the statistically highest population density values. There was no significant difference between the two methods. The smallest mean was revealed in the case of the daytime strip transect data. The thermal imaging method gave significantly lower values for the greater distance (250–500 m) than for the range of spotlighting (250 m). The night spotlight strip transect method and the counting from observation points with a thermal camera, both to 250 m, provided the highest values; thus, they are recommended to determine the roe deer population density in open flat areas. They require the same amount of human resources and time, but due to the high cost of the thermal camera, the spotlight is also perfectly suited for widespread use by hunting companies. The results supported the underestimation of roe deer populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communitarians argue that social identity is formed through the connection between individuals and their communities. The purpose of this study is to examine how the institution of journalism functions as part of a larger community. Media influence and are influenced by the larger social, cultural, legal, political, and economic systems in which they operate. This textual analysis focused on the breakdown of four Boston institutions—the Catholic Church, the police force, the justice system, and the daily newspaper—depicted in the film Spotlight. These institutions failed their community, allowing decades of sexual abuse to go unrecognized and unpunished—at least until the Spotlight team investigated allegations against Catholic priests. Through the lens of communitarian ethics, the researchers argue that stakeholders must recognize the need for a strong community from which the press can report, explain, correct, and connect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. It is prescribed to determine blue-light hazard (BLH) weighted radiances, $ {L_\textrm{B}} $ L B , for an assessment of spotlights with an angular subtense $ \alpha \ge 11{\mkern 1mu} \,\textrm{mrad} $ α ≥ 11 mrad . The BLH weighted irradiance, $ {E_\textrm{B}} $ E B , can be used alternatively for smaller sources. Appropriate instruments are not common among persons commissioned with risk assessment (RA), and especially $ {L_\textrm{B}} $ L B measurements may be challenging. Therefore, a practical BLH RA approach is proposed that is based on illuminance, $ {E_\textrm{v}} $ E v , pre-calculated blackbody BLH efficacies of luminous radiation, $ K_{\textrm{B,v}}^{\textrm{Planck}} $ K B,v Planck , and solid angle considerations. Methods. The practicality of this method was examined and compared against other RA approaches. Results. To ensure comparability of the applied instruments, measurements were performed close to a radiance standard, showing deviations within the lamp's expanded uncertainties ( $ \lt 4{\mkern 1mu} \% $ < 4 %), whereas the deviations were $ \pm 15\% $ ± 15 % for longer distances. Focusing on a complex light-emitting diode (LED) spotlight, all detected values could be converted to $ {L_\textrm{B}} $ L B by means of the RA methods within $ \pm 20\% $ ± 20 %. Two field tests with several spotlights yielded maximum permissible exposure durations (MPED) obtained from the different RA approaches that agreed among each other within uncertainties largely below $ \pm 30\% $ ± 30 %. Conclusion. The general practicality of the proposed $ {E_\textrm{v}} $ E v method can be concluded for a workplace BLH RA of white-light sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations have been increasing in Europe in the last decades. Without reliable methods, game managers frequently underestimate the population size, leading to underharvesting. The aim of this research was to identify the most suitable method for roe deer density estimation in lowland, sparsely forested, high-visibility flat areas in Hungary. The census data of the total counting in the daytime strip transect and the night spotlight strip transect, as the total counting of the sample areas with a thermal camera from observation points within 0–250 m and 0–500 m ranges, were compared in seven hunting areas. It was revealed that using the thermal camera within 0–250 m and the spotlight method in the same range gave the statistically highest population density values. There was no significant difference between the two methods. The smallest mean was revealed in the case of the daytime strip transect data. The thermal imaging method gave significantly lower values for the greater distance (250–500 m) than for the range of spotlighting (250 m). The night spotlight strip transect method and the counting from observation points with a thermal camera, both to 250 m, provided the highest values; thus, they are recommended to determine the roe deer population density in open flat areas. They require the same amount of human resources and time, but due to the high cost of the thermal camera, the spotlight is also perfectly suited for widespread use by hunting companies. The results supported the underestimation of roe deer populations.

Il settimo centenario della morte di Dante (1321-2021) è stata una propizia occasione per rinnovare il rapporto con il Poeta, con la sua opera sempre complessa e sempre ricca di suggestioni, con gli ‘oggetti’ che la tramandano – dai manoscritti agli album d’artista, per rimanere in un ambito circoscritto. Ogni epoca ha avuto il proprio Dante, talora anche più di uno, e la contemporaneità non poteva sottrarsi a tale confronto/incontro. Per l’occasione, la Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana ha perciò curato una mostra online, Viaggiare con Dante (https://www.vaticanlibrary.va/it/viaggiare-con-dante.html), promossa dal Comitato scientifico-organizzativo dantesco del Pontificio Consiglio della Cultura e dal “Cortile dei Gentili”; in essa si espongono soprattutto manoscritti (commentati dalle annotazioni in IIIF), ma anche stampati, incisioni e medaglie, patrimonio dell’istituzione. Indagare una materia di così sfaccettata stratificazione attraverso tecnologie all’avanguardia ha comportato un mutamento del punto di osservazione, rivelando inedite possibilità di ricerca.

The electrical and light characteristics of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), upon which modern lighting devices are constructed, are significantly influenced by ambient temperature. As the temperature rises, the luminous flux of LEDs diminishes, and the lifespan of LED devices also decreases. The control devices (drivers) used in LED lighting systems, built based on current stabilization schemes, do not effectively stabilize the luminous flux when the ambient temperature fluctuates between +15 to +60 °C. The luminous flux declines as the temperature increases, even if the current supplied to the LEDs remains constant. This paper presents a comparative analysis of LED lighting devices equipped with drivers featuring current stabilization and those with drivers employing voltage stabilization for operation in higher temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research addressing the challenges emerging from the development and diffusion of digital technologies has grown rapidly in recent years. However, much of this literature tends to overlook the immersion of these technologies into our everyday lives. This everyday digitalization cannot be reduced to specific technological innovations and is obviously a crucial aspect of the social changes introduced by digital technologies. This themed issue sets out to explore the everyday dimension of digitalization, in the specific context of agri-food systems. We propose a collection of papers that contribute to opening new approaches to digitalization in food and agriculture, by concentrating the attention on the mundane and ordinary aspects of digitalization and exploring their potential contributions to profound transformations in agri-food systems. The various forms of everyday digitalization that are presented in this symposium offer two particular ways of critically engaging with the digitalization of agriculture and food. Firstly, our everyday digitalization looks beyond examining the impacts of digitalization and positioning digital technologies in opposition to farmers, consumers, government, or other actors. Secondly, we shed light on the politics of uncertainty, which enables us to make anticipatory actions and see things beyond success and failure. What we observe is how these imaginaries participate in the co-production of digital realities through their encounter with the complexity of everyday life. Therefore, it remains essential to engage critically with both the imaginary and the everyday dimensions of digitalization in their multiplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pada era sekarang ini, penggunaan lampu sorot (spotlight) masih menggunakan tenaga manusia sebagai pengoperasiannnya. Hal ini sangat tidak efektif, untuk mengoperasikan lampu sorot (spotlight) pada panggung dan ruangan. Lampu spotlight biasanya digunakan untuk memfokuskan suatu objek dalam kegiatan penting, seperti prosesi acara seminar, konser, dan acara indoor lainnya. Spotlight tersebut perlu dikendalikan dan dijalankan secara otomatis tanpa bantuan tenaga manusia dengan bantuan sensor suara dengan perintah suara untuk menjalankannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk merancang lampu sorot (spotlight) panggung dan dimmer lampu otomatis menggunakan Voice Recognition V3 berbasis mikrokontroler. Desain ini menggunakan arduino uno atmega328P sebagai pusat pemprosesan kendali sesuai dengan input yang diberikan. Input akan disimpan dan diproses mikrokontroler sesuai program yang digunakan, Voice Recognition V3 sebagai sensor suara yang berfungsi sebagai pendeteksi dan memberikan perintah berupa file suara yang telah disimpan, outputnya akan menggerakan motor pada lampu sorot, AC Light Dimmer berfungsi untuk mengatur dimmer intensitas cahaya pada panggung atau ruangan sesuai lumen lampu yang ditentukan dan lampu akan redup apabila Voice recognition memberikan perintah suara, modul relay pada alat ini sebagai saklar on/off pada lampu yang akan menghidupkan pada alat, dan Motor stepper penggerak pada spotlight. Setelah melakukan pengujian dan analisa terhadap Spotlight pada panggung dan dimmer lampu otomatis menggunakan Voice Recognition V3 berbasis mikrokontroler ini dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan alat ini telah bekerja dengan baik sesuai rancangan prinsip kerjanya dan hasil yang dicapai sesuai fungsi dan kerja alat.

The spotlight image acquired by the Gaofen-3 satellite has a resolution of 1 m, which has great potential for 3-D localization. However, there have been no public reports on the 3-D localization accuracy evaluation of Gaofen-3 spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Here, three study areas were selected from this perspective, and the SAR spotlight stereo images of the study area were acquired using Gaofen-3. In the case of no ground control points (GCPs), based on the Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) model, these images were used for initial 3-D localization; the plane accuracy was better than 10 m in general, and the elevation accuracy was worse than 37 m in general. Subsequently, the RPC model was optimized using geometric calibration technology, and the 3-D localization accuracy was assessed again. The elevation accuracy was significantly improved, which was generally better than 5 m. The plan accuracy was also improved, and it was generally better than 6 m. It can be seen that Gaofen-3 spotlight stereo images are of good quality, and high plane accuracy can be obtained even without GCPs. Geometric calibration technology improves the 3-D localization accuracy, and the elevation accuracy optimization effect is remarkable. Moreover, the optimization effect of plane accuracy is affected by the properties of stereo-image pairs. The optimization effect of plane accuracy is obvious for asymmetric stereo-image pairs, and the optimization effect of plane accuracy is general for symmetric stereo-image pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent theoretical accounts maintain that core components of attentional functioning are preferentially tuned to self-relevant information. Evidence in support of this viewpoint is equivocal, however, with research overly reliant on personally significant (i.e., familiar) stimulus inputs (e.g., faces, forenames) and a diverse range of methodologies. Addressing these limitations, here we utilised arbitrary items (i.e., geometric shapes) and administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) to establish the extent to which self-relevance (vs friend-relevance) moderates the three subsystems of attentional functioning—alerting, orienting, and executive control. The results revealed that only executive control was sensitive to the meaning of the stimuli, such that conflict resolution was enhanced following the presentation of self-associated compared with friend-associated shapes (i.e., cues). Probing the origin of this effect, a further computational analysis (i.e., Shrinking Spotlight Diffusion Model analysis) indicated that self-relevance facilitated the narrowing of visual attention. These findings highlight when and how the personal significance of otherwise trivial material modulates attentional processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The azimuth extent of imaged scene is relatively small under staring spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode. The sliding spotlight SAR mode can enlarge the extent of the azimuth scene, but at the cost of azimuth resolution loss. In this article, an intrapulse azimuth frequency scanning (AFS) spotlight SAR mode is presented. Through AFS, the proposed spotlight SAR mode can significantly enlarge the extent of the azimuth scene without causing any loss in the azimuth resolution. Moreover, the proposed mode can separate the azimuth ambiguities in the range-frequency domain. Therefore, the extent of the azimuth scene can be enlarged without increasing the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Then, the range swath width can be maintained. However, to overcome the reduction in the effective range-frequency bandwidth caused by frequency scanning, an ultrawideband transmitting signal is required. The signal model of the proposed mode is derived. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the echo spectrum, the design criteria for this mode are developed, followed by a design example. Finally, an imaging algorithm for this mode is presented. Numerical simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spotlight image acquired by the Gaofen-3 satellite has a resolution of 1 m, which has great potential for 3-D localization. However, there have been no public reports on the 3-D localization accuracy evaluation of Gaofen-3 spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Here, three study areas were selected from this perspective, and the SAR spotlight stereo images of the study area were acquired using Gaofen-3. In the case of no ground control points (GCPs), based on the Rational Polynomial Coefficient (RPC) model, these images were used for initial 3-D localization; the plane accuracy was better than 10 m in general, and the elevation accuracy was worse than 37 m in general. Subsequently, the RPC model was optimized using geometric calibration technology, and the 3-D localization accuracy was assessed again. The elevation accuracy was significantly improved, which was generally better than 5 m. The plan accuracy was also improved, and it was generally better than 6 m. It can be seen that Gaofen-3 spotlight stereo images are of good quality, and high plane accuracy can be obtained even without GCPs. Geometric calibration technology improves the 3-D localization accuracy, and the elevation accuracy optimization effect is remarkable. Moreover, the optimization effect of plane accuracy is affected by the properties of stereo-image pairs. The optimization effect of plane accuracy is obvious for asymmetric stereo-image pairs, and the optimization effect of plane accuracy is general for symmetric stereo-image pairs.

Accurate abundance estimates can contribute to effective management of large carnivore populations. Lion Panthera leo and spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta populations are frequently estimated at night by eliciting their approach using broadcasted vocalizations. Spotlights are typically used to observe these species on approach but can disturb animals and adversely affect counts. We compared the efficacy of spotlight with red filters and forward looking infrared (FLIR) thermal monocular to enumerate lions and spotted hyenas in Serengeti National Park (SNP; non‐hunted area) and Maswa Game Reserve (MGR; hunted area), Tanzania, during 2015–2017. We established 119 call‐in sites in SNP and 20 in MGR and conducted repeated call‐ins at 1–2 week intervals. During call‐ins we conducted systematic paired counts using both devices. We assessed the influence of device order, species, hunting regime and land cover on species counts. We found that FLIR was more efficacious for counting hyenas in MGR and spotlight for counting lions in SNP. We found evidence for temporary artificial light disturbance in MGR, as counts were higher when FLIR was used as the second device. Habitat type within 200 m of call‐in sites did not influence device performances. Greater spotlight efficacy in SNP is a likely consequence of lower perceived risk and less anthropogenic disturbance compared to MGR. To improve accuracy of counts and subsequent population estimates for lions and spotted hyenas, we recommend consideration of variation in device efficacy, based on species surveyed and management regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sinemada özel bir tür olarak yer edinen gazetecilik filmlerinin ilk örnekleri sinemanın erken dönemlerinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Zaman içerisinde birçok filme konu olan gazetecilik mesleği, geçirdiği dönüşüme ve dönemsel koşullara bağlı olarak çeşitli yönlerden ele alınmış ve bu türde önemli eserler üretilmiştir. Gazeteciliğin önemli bir alanı olarak kabul edilen araştırmacı gazetecilik de 1970’lerden itibaren önem kazanmış ve buna paralel olarak sinemada da ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Araştırmacı gazeteciliğin toplumsal olanla doğrudan ilişkisi göz önüne alındığında sinemadaki temsili dikkat çekmektedir. Sinema filmleri toplumsal olanı yansıtırlar ve bu tür filmler de gazeteciliğin toplumsal rolünü ve toplumla olan ilişkisini yansıtması bakımından önem teşkil etmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında, son dönemde çekilen ve araştırmacı gazeteciliği konu edinen “Spotlight (2015)” filmi incelemeye değer bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın amacı, “Spotlight” filminde araştırmacı gazeteciliğin toplumsal rolünü sosyolojik yaklaşım çerçevesinde ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada, Arthur Asa Berger’in Sosyolojik Çözümleme Yöntemi kullanılarak “Spotlight” filmi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda; toplumsal anlamda araştırmacı gazeteciliğe yüklenen misyona uygun bir şekilde ışığında filmde, araştırmacı gazetecilik deneyiminin toplumsal bir rolünün olduğu ve mesleki sorumluluğu gereği gerçeği görünür kılma gayreti içinde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

A core prediction of models of social-cognitive functioning is that attention is preferentially tuned to self-relevant material. Surprisingly, however, evidence in support of this viewpoint is scant. Remedying this situation, here we demonstrated that self-relevance influences the distribution of attentional resources during decisional processing. In a flanker task (N = 60), participants reported if to-be-judged stimuli either denoted, or were owned by, the self or a friend. A consistent pattern of results emerged across both judgment tasks. Whereas the identification of friend-related targets was speeded when the items were flanked by compatible compared with incompatible flankers, responses to self-related targets were resistant to flanker interference. Probing the origin of these effects, a further computational analysis (i.e., Shrinking Spotlight Diffusion Model analysis) confirmed that self-relevance impacted the focusing of attention during decision-making. These findings highlight how self-relevance modulates attentional processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional trapping techniques for common ravens (Corvus corax; raven) require significant effort, often produce low capture rates, and cannot be used in some situations. We designed a 3-m noose pole to secure ravens from nocturnal roost locations while using a strobe spotlight to temporarily disorient them. We collected measures of trapping efficiency and contrasted them with padded leghold traps also used in the study. We effectively implemented our noose pole method in July and August of 2018, 2019, and 2020 in the Baker and Cow Lakes sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) Priority Areas of Conservation in eastern Oregon, USA, which yielded trapping efficiency of 0.48 trap-hours/raven (37 total captured ravens). Our trapping efficiency using leghold traps during the same summer months was 76.42 trap-hours/raven (3 total captured ravens). Our new trapping method constitutes an inexpensive and simple way to safely trap ravens at accessible communal roosts and merits further refinement to increase utility and capitalize on the vulnerability of ravens to capture at night. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel imaging algorithm is presented in this article for focusing the very high resolution spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of spotlight mode. The long synthetic aperture time in spotlight mode brings new problems, such as Doppler spectrum aliasing and curved orbit. The imaging results will be filled with ambiguity and would suffer from resolution reduction if Doppler spectrum aliasing is not handled. The error introduced by curved orbit will degrade resolution of the target and introduces asymmetric sidelobes in azimuth direction. The start-stop approximation is no longer applicable, since it introduces two effect, e.g., “fast-time” effect and “slow-time” effect, which will cause defocusing and range-dependent azimuth shift, respectively if not handled. The proposed algorithm combines the two-steps processing approach (TSPA) and the backprojection algorithm (BPA). First, the initial step of TSPA is used to get a high azimuth sampling rate which is higher than pulse repetition frequency to avoid the Doppler spectrum aliasing. Then, the “fast-time” effect of start-stop approximation is corrected in the 2-D frequency domain. Finally, the BPA is used to correct the error introduced by the curved orbit and the “slow-time” effect of start-stop approximation. The experimental results of spaceborne SAR data acquired by Gaofen-3 (GF-3) SAR system demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Modern spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) features a capacity of multiple imaging modes. It comes with Earth-observation data archives consisting of SAR images acquired in various modes with different resolutions and coverage. In this context, in addition to using single-mode images for SAR interferometry (InSAR), exploiting images acquired in different imaging modes for InSAR can provide extra interferograms and, thus, favors the retrieval of interferometric information. The interferometric processing of multimode image pairs requires special considerations due to significant variations in the Doppler spectra. Conventionally, the InSAR technique only uses the spectral band common in both master and slave images, and the remaining band is discarded before interferogram formation. Therefore, conventional processing cannot make full use of the observed data, and the interferogram quality is limited by the common band spectra. In this article, by exploiting the conventionally discarded spectrum, we present a new interferometric phase retrieval method for multimode InSAR data to improve interferogram quality. To this end, first, we propose a linear model to characterize the interferometric phase of a multimode image pair based on image spectral relation. Second, we adopt a sparse recovery method to inverse the linear model for the retrieval of the interferometric phase. Finally, we present real-data experiments on TerraSAR-X staring spotlight to sliding spotlight interferometry and Sentinel-1 strip map to Terrain Observation by Progressive Scan (TOPS) interferometry to test the proposed method. The experiment results show that the proposed method can provide interferograms with reduced phase noise and defocusing effect for multimode InSAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Anagnórisis: Revista de Investigación Teatral is the property of Anagnorisis: Revista de Investigacion Teatral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When it comes to journalism, one of the first branches that come to mind is investigative journalism. This profession, which is carried out by journalists who are curious, do not give up, read constantly and doubt, has good examples despite losing its value today. Investigative journalism, which has many examples in our country and in the world, also becomes the subject of cinema. The best example of this is Spotlight, which received six oscara nominations from the 88th Academy Awards for Best Film and Best Original Screenplay. Perhaps what makes Spotlight successful is that it is written and shot from a true story. The script is written at a level that celebrates investigative journalism, the actors work for the role, and the director sheds light on the characters. From the very first moments of the film, the audience learns investigative journalism through their own experience. This study examines investigative journalism, in which the principle of public interest is focused on, through Spotlight film. The method of reception is used in the study, which is evaluated in the context of the narrative structure of the film and the actors. The film is shown to a total of 20 people, 10 girls and 10 boys, who are students of the Journalism Department of the Faculty of Communication of Gümüşhane University. Then, questions are asked in the context of the film within the framework of investigative journalism and the principle of public interest. Explaining their ideas about investigative journalism through the Spotlight film, the participants provide important data for the study. At the end of the research, it is determined that they make sense of the concept of investigative journalism and public interest as in the literature, and try to look at the chapter they read from a different perspective thanks to the film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Averaging performance over a group of individuals implicitly assumes that there is only one set of methods for accomplishing the task and that all learners acquire those methods in the same sequence. We maintain that the average subject is a mythical beast and, rather than profiling a mythical beast, we ask "how do different people each learn the same complex task?" To answer our question, we use SpotLight—a tool for analyzing changes in individual performance as skill is acquired. Specifically, in this report, we use the SpotLight on 40 scores and measures of performance (some collected at millisecond level, others collected once per game), to investigate the skill acquisition of nine individuals each of whom devoted 31 h to becoming skilled players of the classic cognitive psychology game of Space Fortress (Mané & Donchin, 1989). Turning the SpotLight on our best and worst players reveals patterns of performance plateaus, dips, and leaps. Examining these patterns reveals differences as well as commonalities in the evolution of methods discovered and used by each individual across 31 hours of skill acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an efficient 2-D baseband azimuth scaling (2-D BAS) approach for the focusing of data acquired in the spaceborne squinted sliding spotlight and high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) terrain observation by progressive scan (TOPS) imaging modes. The existing approaches can become inefficient or invalid due to the coexistence of central “absolute” and marginal “relative” squint in the above-mentioned modes. In this article, the signal properties of spaceborne squint synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with the antenna electronically steering in the azimuth dimension are analyzed first, based on which a new parity-decomposition-based range equation (PDRE) is presented to dedicatedly model the range histories of targets illuminated by the rotating beam. A novel 2-D BAS approach is then developed to remove the odd asymmetric part but preserve the even symmetric part of PDRE, which means a “true derotation” for eliminating the effect of both absolute and relative squints caused by the beam rotation. An even-order-multinomial perturbation function is applied and integrated into a range-Doppler-based SAR processing kernel to efficiently compensate the azimuth variation of high-order range cell migration (RCM) and azimuth phase modulation caused by the 2-D BAS. The proposed processor is efficient, since none of the data extension, the postprocessing for resolving focused-domain folding, or the 2-D frequency-domain interpolation at high squint is needed. Simulations with point targets in the squinted sliding spotlight and HRWS TOPS modes are used to validate the developed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amerikan sinemasında 1930’lardan bu yana gazeteci karakterlerine sıklıkla rastlanılırken, bu filmlerle bir yandan özgür basın miti kurulmakta, ayrıca basının iktidar ve toplumla sıkı sıkıya ilişkisi nedeniyle filmler aracılığıyla toplumsal ve siyasal söylemler inşa edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, sinemada son dönemde inşa edilen özgür basın, Amerikan demokrasisi mitleriyle filmlerin dönemlerine dair içgörüleri ve öngörülerini teşhis edebilmek açısından 2010’dan sonra gösterime giren Spotlight, Truth ve Nightcrawler filmleri incelendi. Spotlight kahramanın zaferi, Truth kahramanın yenilgisi, Nightcrawler ise kötü adamın yükselmesi üzerine kurulu olduğundan Shock’un Birleşik Anlatı Teorisi temel alındı. Bu teoride filmlerde farklı sonlarla toplumsal değerlerin pekiştirildiği veya aksine değişimlerin önerildiği belirtilirken, filmlerin bu yöndeki söylemlerini belirleyebilmek açısından da Kellner’in teşhise yönelik eleştirisinden yararlanıldı. Bunların sonucunda, filmlerin farklı anlatı yapılarıyla basına ve dönemlerine dair belirli sorgulamalar ve eleştiriler getirdiği, öngörüler sunduğu, dönemlerinin siyasi liderlerinden etkilenebildikleri (Barack Obama) veya gelecek yeni lideri (Donald Trump) karakter yaratımında öngörebildikleri tespit edildi. Farklı anlatı yapılarına rağmen filmlerin hepsinde özgür basın miti inşa edilirken, mitin özellikle basının hakikatı arama ilkesi ve bağımsızlık temelinde yüceltildiği, bu mitlerin de Amerikan demokrasisi mitine hizmet ettiği görüldü.

Spotlight surveys for white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can yield large presence‐only datasets applicable to a variety of resource selection modeling procedures. By understanding how populations distribute according to a given resource for a reference area, density and abundance can be predicted across new areas assuming the relationship between habitat quality (measured by an index of selection) and species distribution are equivalent. Habitat‐based density estimators have been applied to wildlife species and are useful for addressing conservation and management concerns. Although achieving reliable population estimates is a primary goal for spotlighting studies, presence‐only models have yet to be applied to spotlight data for estimating habitat selection and abundance for deer. From 2012 to 2017, we conducted spring spotlight surveys in each of 99 counties in Iowa, USA, and collected spatial locations for 20,149 groups of deer (n = 71,323 individuals). We used a resource selection function (RSF) based on deer locations to predict the relative probability of use for deer at the population level and to estimate statewide abundance. The number of deer observed statewide increased significantly with increasing RSF value for all years and the mean RSF value along survey transects explained 59% of the variability in county‐level deer counts, indicating that a functional response between habitat quality and deer distribution existed at landscape scales. We applied our RSF to a habitat‐based density estimator (extrapolation) and zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) and negative binomial (ZINB) count models to predict statewide abundance from spotlight counts. Population estimates for 2012 were variable, indicating that atypical weather conditions may affect spotlight counts and population estimates in some years. For 2013–2017, we predicted a mean population of 439,129 (95% CI ∼ ± 55,926), 440,360 (∼ ± 43,676), and 465,959 (∼ ± 51,242) deer across years for extrapolation, ZIP, and ZINB models, respectively. Estimates from all models were not significantly different than estimates from an existing deer population accounting model in Iowa for 2013 and 2016, and differed by <76,000 deer for all models from 2013–2017. Extrapolation and ZIP models performed similarly and differed by <2,897 deer across all years, whereas ZINB models showed inconsistencies in model convergence and precision of estimates. Our results indicate that presence‐only models are capable of producing reliable and precise estimates of resource selection and abundance for deer at broad landscape scales in Iowa and provide a tool for estimating deer abundance in a spatially explicit manner. © 2019 The Wildlife Society. Spotlight observations applied to presence‐only modeling techniques produced reliable and precise estimates of resource selection and population abundance for white‐tailed deer in Iowa, USA. Presence‐only models allow for the evaluation of environmental factors influencing spotlight counts for deer and provide a means for predicting abundance in a spatially explicit manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Must attention be disengaged from a location before it can be moved to another? We addressed this question in four experiments. Participants searched for a target defined by its colour. The search display followed either one or two successive singleton cues that were expected to capture attention because they were in the target colour. We found a spatial benefit at the location of the first cue even though attention had been shifted to the location of the second cue. However, this benefit was smaller than when the second cue had been absent. These findings suggest that attention can be directed to a new location before it is entirely disengaged from its previous locus. We tested and rejected alternative interpretations, according to which this residual spatial effect resulted from occasional failures of attentional capture by the second cue, or from variability of the speed at which attention was shifted from one cue to the other. Taken together, our findings suggest that shifting attention from one location to another results in two simultaneous foci of attention for at least 300 ms. We discuss the possibility that the residual spatial benefits observed here may reflect pre-attentive tagging rather than parallel allocation of a limited resource to two separate locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Index based desktop search tools have become the primary means for finding files or launching applications on desktop computer systems. Every major operating system ships with one. Spotlight is the default desktop search app on macOS (formerly OSX) that searches files based on metadata and content. This paper explores the format of the spotlight metadata cache database and opens up another avenue of data previously unavailable to a forensic investigator. With the format now available, and a script to explore and read this database, it is now possible to investigate spotlight metadata on any platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]