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The oxidation of ammonium to nitrate by biological process is known as nitrification. This process of nitrification is accomplished by Nitrosomonas spp. and Nitrobacter spp. Current intensive agricultural systems, characterized by heavy-nitrification systems, are prone to greater losses of nitrogen through nitrate leaching and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as nitrous oxide, contributing to the increment of global temperature and ozone layer depletion. Furthermore, nitrate, under anoxic or partially anoxic conditions, escapes into the atmosphere as gaseous forms of nitrogen (N2 and N2O) through denitrification. Synthetic nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are used to regulate nitrification process in soil. The NIs are compounds that regulate this process by inhibiting ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzymes. Ability of certain plant species to exudate certain organic compounds from roots that have regulatory effect on performance of nitrifying bacteria has been known as biological nitrification inhibition (BNI). It inhibits both AMO and HAO (hydroxylamine oxidoreductase) enzymatic pathway in that process. The compounds are also stable in soil and production of BNI compounds are localized mainly to the rhizosphere and therefore, their modes of action may be more efficient. Brachiaria humidicola, a tropical pasture grass capable of growing in acidic soils and humid environments, is a well-known BNI-capable species that produces biochemical compound known as brachialactone. Cropping system adoption with current move toward ecologically intensified cropping with high nutrient-use efficiency is found to be novel strategy for controlling nitrification process.

Currently, most single cell protocols require the preparation of a single cell suspension from fresh tissue, a major roadblock to clinical deployment, to archived materials and to certain tissues such asadult brain. In the adultbrainthe harsh enzymatic dissociation harms the integrity of the cells and theirRNA, and biases toward easily dissociated cell types, and is restricted to young animals. We developed DroNc-seq, a droplet microfluidic andDNAbarcoding technique for analysis ofRNAprofiles of single nuclei from fresh, frozen or lightly fixed tissues at high throughput and low cost. The utility of DroNc-Seq lies in working with hard-to-dissociate, frozen and/or archived tissues. To demonstrate the utility of this technique, we sequenced over 39 thousand nuclei from mouse and human archived brain samples, including post-mortem human brain tissue from GTEx project.

The effect of electron-phonon collision frequency, exchange-correlation potential, quantum term and degenerate pressure on the nature of solitary waves in a quantum semiconductor plasma is investigated. It is observed that the width of the solitary waves change with variation of different parameters for the GaAs semiconductor. A deformed Korteweg-de Vries equation is obtained for propagation of nonlinear waves in a quantum semiconductor plasma, and the effect of different parameters on the two-soliton solution of the equation are also presented.

We investigate the face-to-face collision between multisolitons in spin-1/2 quantum plasma. It is studied in the framework of the model proposed by Marklund et al in Phys. Rev. E 76, 067401 (2007). This study is done with the help of the extended Poincare–Lighthill–Kno (PLK) method. The extended PLK method is also used to obtain two Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations and the phase shifts and trajectories during the head-on collision of multisolitons. The collision-induced phase shifts (trajectory changes) are also obtained. The effects of the Zeeman energy, total mass density of the charged plasma particles, speed of the wave and the ratio of the sound speed to Alfven speed on the phase shifts are studied. It is observed that the phase shifts are significantly affected by all these parameters.

Collisions of solitary pulses in a four species quantum semiconductor plasma consisting of degenerate electrons, degenerate holes, and non-degenerate ions are investigated. The electron and hole exchange-correlation forces between the identical particles when their wave functions overlap due to the high number densities are considered. Using the extended Poincare–Lighthill-Kue method in opposite directions, two Korteweg-de Vries equations are derived. Hirota's method is used to derive the analytical phase shifts after the collision of one soliton and two soliton. Typical values for GaAs, GaSb, GaN, and InP semiconductors are considered to analyze the effects after collisions.

The influence of exchange-correlation potential, quantum Bohm term, and degenerate pressure on the nature of solitary waves in a quantum semiconductor plasma is investigated. It is found that an amplitude and a width of the solitary waves change with variation of different parameters for different semiconductors. A deformed Korteweg-de Vries equation is obtained for propagation of nonlinear waves in a quantum semiconductor plasma, and the effects of different plasma parameters on the solution of the equation are also presented.

Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) also called Bean's syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by multiple cutaneous venous malformations in association with visceral lesions, most commonly affecting the gastrointestinal tract. We report here, a 21-year-old woman patient, who presented with unilateral, blaschkoid distribution of cutaneous venous malformations along with blue rubber bleb nevus and recurrent episodes of hematochezia due to vascular lesions in the sigmoid colon; likely to be a case of BRBNS. The unusual unilateral, blaschkoid distribution of BRBNS prompted this present report.