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Managing climatic risks in rice–wheat cropping system for enhanced productivity in middle Gangetic plains of India

Authors :
Ratnesh Kumar Jha
Abdus Sattar
Anil Kumar Singh
Madhu Sudan Kundu
Ravindra Kumar Tiwari
Abhay Kumar Singh
Arbind Kumar Singh
Sudhir Das
Ram Pal
Sunita Kushwah
Anuradha Ranjan Kumari
Motilal Meena
Pushpa Singh
Santosh Kumar Gupta
Divyanshu Shekhar
Sanjay Kumar Rai
Shishir Kumar Gangwar
Ram Krishna Rai
Ram Ishwar Prasad
Abhishek Pratap Singh
Rajendra Pratap Singh
Prabhat Kumar Singh
Pawan Kumar Srivastawa
Bipul Kumar Jha
Rupashree Senapati
Sudeshna Das
Sandeep Kumar Suman
Gulab Singh
Shailendra Kumar Rajak
Nidhi Kumari
Ashish Rai
Sarvesh Kumar
Vinita Kashyap
Sunita Kumari
Krishna Bahadur Chhetri
Tarun Kumar
Sachchidanand Prasad
Anshu Gangwar
Arpita Nalia
Abhik Patra
Rajneesh Singh
Chelpuri Ramulu
Shubhashisa Praharaj
Kanhaiya Lal Regar
Saurabh Shankar Patel
Vandana Kumari
Leela Chauhan
B. R. Harsh
Shirsat Tejaswini Kapil
Jogendra Soren
Sourav Choudhury
Sushma Tamta
Naveen Kumar
Dhiru Kumar Tiwari
Source :
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Vol 7 (2023)
Publication Year :
2023
Publisher :
Frontiers Media S.A., 2023.

Abstract

Rice followed by wheat is the dominant cropping system in the middle Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). Lower productivity (4.8 t ha−1) of this cropping system in Bihar, compared to the national average (6.8 t ha−1) due to several climate- and production-related issues, is a matter of concern for the farmers and the policymakers. Keeping all these in view, an experiment with rice–wheat cropping system was carried out during 2020–21 and 2021–22 in 17 adopted villages of 13 districts of Bihar under the Project “Climate Resilient Agriculture Program (CRAP)” to evaluate the feasibility of early transplanting of rice in the month of June with the aim of achieving higher system productivity by early harvesting of rice and subsequent timely sowing of wheat before 15 November with the provision of assured irrigation. In this study, the concept of an innovative community irrigation approach and single-phase 3-hp submersible pump was employed. Long-duration rice variety (150 days) Rajendra Mahsuri-1 was sown during 20–25 May in the nursery and transplanted through puddling operation during 15–20 June in 17 locations. Under delayed conditions, the nursery sowing and transplanting window were 10–15 June and 10–15 July, respectively. Timely sown rice grown with the provision of a community irrigation system achieved a grain yield of 5.2 t ha−1 and 85.8% higher water productivity, compared to late-sown crops. Following the harvest of rice, the HD-2967 variety of wheat was planted in the first fortnight of November and harvested in the first week of April, yielding 4.9 t ha−1 with the application of 2–3 irrigations based on soil type and evaporative demand. Timely harvesting of wheat facilitated farmers of the region to take an additional crop of summer green gram. With an assured irrigation system and shifting planting dates and thereby managing climatic risks, the overall productivity of the rice–wheat cropping system was achieved to the tune of 10.1 t ha−1 with a cropping intensity of 300% for better adaptation and sustainable production.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
2571581X
Volume :
7
Database :
Directory of Open Access Journals
Journal :
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
edsdoj.6761137f25254a88be84c94ab8dea4c0
Document Type :
article
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1259528