Author: "Sophie Fauset" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Oliver L. Phillips, Roel J. W. Brienen, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Timothy R. Baker, Kuo-Jung Chao, Ted R. Feldpausch, Emanuel Gloor, Niro Higuchi, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Jon Lloyd, Haiyan Liu, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Lourens Poorter, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Everton Almeida, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Ana Andrade, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Michel Baisie, Christopher Baraloto, Plínio Barbosa Camargo, Jorcely Barroso, Lilian Blanc, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, René Boot, Foster Brown, Benoit Burban, José Luís Camargo, Wendeson Castro, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jerome Chave, James Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Antonio Lola da Costa, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Anthony Di Fiore, Aurélie Dourdain, Terry Erwin, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Rafael Herrera, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Timothy Killeen, Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Thomas Lovejoy, Patrick Meir, Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, David Neill, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Percy Nuñez Vargas, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Guido Pardo, Julie Peacock, Marielos Peña-Claros, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Georgia Pickavance, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Carlos Quesada, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Simone Matias de Almeida Reis, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Agustín Rudas, Rafael Salomão, Julio Serrano, Javier Silva Espejo, Natalino Silva, James Singh, Clement Stahl, Juliana Stropp, Varun Swamy, Joey Talbot, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, Marisol Toledo, Armando Torres-Lezama, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Geertje van der Heijden, Peter van der Meer, Peter van der Hout, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Vincent Vos, Roderick Zagt, Pieter Zuidema, and David Galbraith
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.
Published: 2020
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2. Long-term droughts may drive drier tropical forests towards increased functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogeneity

Author: Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Yadvinder Malhi, Simon L. Lewis, Sophie Fauset, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Timothy R. Baker, Agne Gvozdevaite, Wannes Hubau, Sam Moore, Theresa Peprah, Kasia Ziemińska, Oliver L. Phillips, and Imma Oliveras
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Different aspects of biodiversity may not necessarily converge in their response to climate change. Here, the authors investigate 25-year shifts in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of tropical forests along a spatial climate gradient in West Africa, showing that drier forests are less stable than wetter forests.
Published: 2020
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3. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Oliver L. Phillips, Roel J. W. Brienen, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Timothy R. Baker, Kuo-Jung Chao, Ted R. Feldpausch, Emanuel Gloor, Niro Higuchi, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Jon Lloyd, Haiyan Liu, Yadvinder Malhi, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Lourens Poorter, Marcos Silveira, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Everton Almeida, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Ana Andrade, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Michel Baisie, Christopher Baraloto, Plínio Barbosa Camargo, Jorcely Barroso, Lilian Blanc, Damien Bonal, Frans Bongers, René Boot, Foster Brown, Benoit Burban, José Luís Camargo, Wendeson Castro, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jerome Chave, James Comiskey, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Antonio Lola da Costa, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Anthony Di Fiore, Aurélie Dourdain, Terry Erwin, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Rafael Herrera, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Timothy Killeen, Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Thomas Lovejoy, Patrick Meir, Casimiro Mendoza, Paulo Morandi, David Neill, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Percy Nuñez Vargas, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Guido Pardo, Julie Peacock, Marielos Peña-Claros, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Georgia Pickavance, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Carlos Quesada, Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Simone Matias de Almeida Reis, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Agustín Rudas, Rafael Salomão, Julio Serrano, Javier Silva Espejo, Natalino Silva, James Singh, Clement Stahl, Juliana Stropp, Varun Swamy, Joey Talbot, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, Marisol Toledo, Armando Torres-Lezama, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Geertje van der Heijden, Peter van der Meer, Peter van der Hout, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Vincent Vos, Roderick Zagt, Pieter Zuidema, and David Galbraith
Subjects: Science
Abstract: A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20537-x
Published: 2021
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4. Individual-Based Modeling of Amazon Forests Suggests That Climate Controls Productivity While Traits Control Demography

Author: Sophie Fauset, Manuel Gloor, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Oliver L. Phillips, Gregory P. Asner, Timothy R. Baker, Lisa Patrick Bentley, Roel J. W. Brienen, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Christopher E. Doughty, Ted R. Feldpausch, David R. Galbraith, Rosa C. Goodman, Cécile A. J. Girardin, Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, Abel Monteagudo, Norma Salinas, Alexander Shenkin, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Geertje van der Heijden, Rodolfo Vasquez, Esteban Alvarez-Davila, Luzmila Arroyo, Jorcely G. Barroso, Foster Brown, Wendeson Castro, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Nallarett Davila Cardozo, Anthony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Percy Núñez Vargas, David Neill, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Julie Peacock, Nigel Pitman, Adriana Prieto, Zorayda Restrepo, Agustín Rudas, Carlos A. Quesada, Marcos Silveira, Juliana Stropp, John Terborgh, Simone A. Vieira, and Yadvinder Malhi
Subjects: Amazon, carbon cycle, climate, forest dynamics, functional traits, leaf economics spectrum, Science
Abstract: Climate, species composition, and soils are thought to control carbon cycling and forest structure in Amazonian forests. Here, we add a demographics scheme (tree recruitment, growth, and mortality) to a recently developed non-demographic model—the Trait-based Forest Simulator (TFS)—to explore the roles of climate and plant traits in controlling forest productivity and structure. We compared two sites with differing climates (seasonal vs. aseasonal precipitation) and plant traits. Through an initial validation simulation, we assessed whether the model converges on observed forest properties (productivity, demographic and structural variables) using datasets of functional traits, structure, and climate to model the carbon cycle at the two sites. In a second set of simulations, we tested the relative importance of climate and plant traits for forest properties within the TFS framework using the climate from the two sites with hypothetical trait distributions representing two axes of functional variation (“fast” vs. “slow” leaf traits, and high vs. low wood density). The adapted model with demographics reproduced observed variation in gross (GPP) and net (NPP) primary production, and respiration. However, NPP and respiration at the level of plant organs (leaf, stem, and root) were poorly simulated. Mortality and recruitment rates were underestimated. The equilibrium forest structure differed from observations of stem numbers suggesting either that the forests are not currently at equilibrium or that mechanisms are missing from the model. Findings from the second set of simulations demonstrated that differences in productivity were driven by climate, rather than plant traits. Contrary to expectation, varying leaf traits had no influence on GPP. Drivers of simulated forest structure were complex, with a key role for wood density mediated by its link to tree mortality. Modeled mortality and recruitment rates were linked to plant traits alone, drought-related mortality was not accounted for. In future, model development should focus on improving allocation, mortality, organ respiration, simulation of understory trees and adding hydraulic traits. This type of model that incorporates diverse tree strategies, detailed forest structure and realistic physiology is necessary if we are to be able to simulate tropical forest responses to global change scenarios.
Published: 2019
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5. Trees at the Amazonia-Cerrado transition are approaching high temperature thresholds

Author: Igor Araújo, Beatriz S Marimon, Marina C Scalon, Sophie Fauset, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Rakesh Tiwari, David R Galbraith, and Manuel U Gloor
Subjects: tropical trees, thermal stress, extreme temperatures, PSII maximum quantum yield, photosynthesis, decisiveness, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Land regions are warming rapidly. While in a warming world at extra-tropical latitudes vegetation adapted to higher temperatures may move in from lower latitudes this is not possible in the tropics. Thus, the limits of plant functioning will determine the nature and composition of future vegetation. The most temperature sensitive component of photosynthesis is photosystem II. Here we report the thermal safety margin (difference between photosystem II thermotolerance (T _50 ) and maximum leaf temperature) during the beginning of the dry season for four tree species co-occurring across the forest-savanna transition zone in Brazil, a region which has warmed particularly rapidly over the recent decades. The species selected are evergreen in forests but deciduous in savannas. We find that thermotolerance declines with growth temperature >40 °C for individuals in the savannas. Current maximum leaf temperatures exceed T _50 in some species and will exceed T _50 in a 2.5 °C warmer world in most species evaluated. Despite plasticity in leaf thermal traits to increase leaf cooling in hotter environments, the results show this is not sufficient to maintain a safe thermal safety margin in hotter savannas. Overall, the results suggest that tropical forests may become increasingly deciduous and savanna-like in the future.
Published: 2021
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6. A Spatial and Temporal Risk Assessment of the Impacts of El Niño on the Tropical Forest Carbon Cycle: Theoretical Framework, Scenarios, and Implications

Author: Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Amy C. Bennett, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Jessica C. A. Baker, Yoni Gavish, Michelle O. Johnson, Yunxia Wang, Alexander Chambers-Ostler, Marta Lisli Giannichi, Luciene Gomes, Michelle Kalamandeen, Kanhu Charan Pattnayak, and Sophie Fauset
Subjects: carbon cycle, physiological thresholds, fire, forest fragmentation, climate change, climate anomalies, drought, tropical forests, biogeography, el niño, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract: Strong El Niño events alter tropical climates and may lead to a negative carbon balance in tropical forests and consequently a disruption to the global carbon cycle. The complexity of tropical forests and the lack of data from these regions hamper the assessment of the spatial distribution of El Niño impacts on these ecosystems. Typically, maps of climate anomaly are used to detect areas of greater risk, ignoring baseline climate conditions and forest cover. Here, we integrated climate anomalies from the 1982−1983, 1997−1998, and 2015−2016 El Niño events with baseline climate and forest edge extent, using a risk assessment approach to hypothetically assess the spatial and temporal distributions of El Niño risk over tropical forests under several risk scenarios. The drivers of risk varied temporally and spatially. Overall, the relative risk of El Niño has been increasing driven mainly by intensified forest fragmentation that has led to a greater chance of fire ignition and increased mean annual air temperatures. We identified areas of repeated high risk, where conservation efforts and fire control measures should be focused to avoid future forest degradation and negative impacts on the carbon cycle.
Published: 2019
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7. Causes and consequences of liana infestation in southern Amazonia

Author: Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ted R. Feldpausch, David W. Galbraith, Fernando Elias, Sophie Fauset, Oliver L. Phillips, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Matias Reis, and Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Fragmentation (reproduction), Biomass (ecology), Habitat fragmentation, Ecology, Environmental change, Crown (botany), Plant Science, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Liana, parasitic diseases, Infestation, medicine, Soil fertility, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 1. Lianas, a key component of tropical forests, can limit growth of trees, impacting both the structure and functioning of forests, and are expected to benefit from fragmentation and potentially from global climatic changes. While it is critical to understand the impacts of liana infestation on contemporary tropical forests across large geographical areas, to date most liana studies have been focussed on single or few sites. 2. We measured and quantified liana infestation of 16,066 trees with diameter ≥10 cm in 27 plots distributed across southern Amazonia, a region characterized by substantial ecological and environmental variation and environmental change. We examined the influence of potential drivers of liana infestation at the plot, species and individual tree level. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of liana infestation on tree growth. 3. More than half of all trees had lianas in their crown. At the plot level, infestation by lianas was driven by forest structure but not by the studied climate or soil fertility variables, though low levels of liana infestation were found in seasonally flooded forests. 4. At the tree level, larger and stouter trees had a greater proportion of their crown infested with lianas. At the species level, trees belonging to intrinsically slow‐growing, dense‐wooded species were more susceptible to liana infestation. 5. Liana infestation had a negative impact on tree growth, with growth of heavily infested trees reduced by 33% compared to non‐infested. The impact of liana infestation on tree growth was strongest for the best‐lit tree crowns, indicating that lianas act to reduce the large competitive advantage that well‐lit trees otherwise hold over their neighbours. 6. Synthesis. Lianas are a pervasive and influential feature of the extensive forests at the southern edge of Amazonia. The degree of liana infestation in forests was closely linked to species‐level variables such as potential growth and wood density as well as the size of the individual tree. The growth of heavily infested trees was particularly restricted by lianas, and especially so for trees growing in otherwise favourable conditions, indicating the potential for lianas not only to reduce forest growth rates overall, but also to modify competitive hierarchies among trees within tropical forests.
Published: 2020

8. Monitoring the canopy temperature of forests

Author: Sophie Fauset and Shalom D. Addo-Danso
Published: 2022

9. The global abundance of tree palms

Author: Ekananda Paudel, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Erika Berenguer, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Xinghui Lu, Luciana F. Alves, Yves Laumonier, Matt Bradford, Keith C. Hamer, Heike Culmsee, Robert M. Ewers, Jan Reitsma, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Anne Mette Lykke, Kuswata Kartawinata, Michael J. Lawes, Géraldine Derroire, Martin Gilpin, Jean-François Bastin, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Laszlo Nagy, José Luís Camargo, Gabriella Fredriksson, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Ida Theilade, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Bonaventure Sonké, Jefferson S. Hall, Naret Seuaturien, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Simon L. Lewis, Francesco Rovero, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Donald R. Drake, Agustín Rudas Lleras, Lee J. T. White, Gerardo A.Aymard Corredor, Damien Catchpole, Tariq Stévart, Samuel Almeida, Janet Franklin, Mohammad Shah Hussain, Nicholas J. Berry, Jon C. Lovett, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Onrizal Onrizal, Ted R. Feldpausch, Wannes Hubau, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, José Luís Marcelo Peña, Juliana Schietti, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, William E. Magnusson, Shengbin Chen, K. Anitha, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Flávia R. C. Costa, John R. Poulsen, Faridah Hanum Ibrahim, Aurélie Dourdain, Irie Casimir Zo-Bi, Heriberto David-Higuita, Rahmad Zakaria, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Karina Melgaço, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Damien Bonal, Murray Collins, Jos Barlow, Emilio Vilanova, Yadvinder Malhi, Andes Hamuraby Rozak, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Badru Mugerwa, Terry L. Erwin, John Pipoly, Bruno Hérault, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, William F. Laurance, Luzmila Arroyo, Jean-Louis Doucet, Lilian Blanc, Henrik Balslev, Percival Cho, Priya Davidar, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, John Terborgh, Peter M. Umunay, Shijo Joseph, Robert Muscarella, Massiel Corrales Medina, Rueben Nilus, Robert Steinmetz, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Rhett D. Harrison, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Peter S. Ashton, Sophie Fauset, Adriana Prieto, Christelle Gonmadje, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Andreas Hemp, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, Markus Fischer, Hoang Van Sam, Ferry Slik, Jianwei Tang, Luiz Menini Neto, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Tran Van Do, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Aisha Sultana, Marc P. E. Parren, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Frans Bongers, Campbell O. Webb, Lan Qie, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, Justin Kassi, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Georgia Pickavance, Jérôme Millet, Joice Ferreira, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Manichanh Satdichanh, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Rodrigo Sierra, Oliver L. Phillips, Vianet Mihindou, William Milliken, Walter A. Palacios, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Charles E. Zartman, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, Eddy Nurtjahya, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Janvier Lisingo, Nobuo Imai, Asyraf Mansor, Kenneth R. Young, Serge A. Wich, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, Christine B. Schmitt, Simone Aparecida Vieira, D. Mohandass, Thaise Emilio, Gemma Rutten, Fabian Brambach, Steven W. Brewer, Timothy R. Baker, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy J. Killeen, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Martin van de Bult, Feyera Senbeta, Eileen Larney, Bente B. Klitgård, Phourin Chhang, Hans ter Steege, Runguo Zang, Simon Willcock, Wendeson Castro, María Uriarte, Jean Philippe Puyravaud, Andrew R. Marshall, R. Toby Pennington, Jens-Christian Svenning, Jonathan Timberlake, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Douglas Sheil, Susan K. Wiser, Lila Nath Sharma, Raman Sukumar, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Andy Hector, Luis E.O.C. Aragao, Wanlop Chutipong, David Harris, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas W. Gillespie, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Edmund V. J. Tanner, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, William J. Baker, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Nicolas Labrière, Paulo S. Morandi, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Edward L. Webb, Andreas Ensslin, David Campbell, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Robert M. Kooyman, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Hebbalalu S. Suresh, Ophelia Wang, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Marc K. Steininger, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, Systems Ecology, Robert Muscarella, Uppsala University / Aarhus University, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, University of Montpellier, Luzmila Arroyo, Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo, CENA-USP, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University, Jean-François Bastin, ETH Zürich, Natacha Nssi Bengone, National Agency of National Parks of Gabon, Erika Berenguer, Lancaster University / University of Oxford, Nicholas Berry, The Landscapes and Livelihoods Group, Lilian Blanc, CIRAD / University of Montpellier, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre / Goethe University, Damien Bonal, Université de Lorraine, Frans Bongers, Wageningen University & Research, Matt Bradford, CSIRO Land and Water, Percival Cho, Forest Department, Connie Clark, Duke University, Murray Collins, University of Edinburgh, James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Institution, Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA, Géraldine Derroire, CIRAD, Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin, Tran Van Do, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Jean-Louis Doucet, Liège University, Aurélie Dourdain, CIRAD, Andreas Ensslin, University of Bern, Terry Erwin, Smithsonian Institution, Corneille E. N. Ewango, University of Kisangani, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, David J. Harris, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Rhett D. Harrison, World Agroforestry, East and Southern Africa Region, Andrew Hector, University of Oxford, Wannes Hubau, University of Leeds / Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mohammad Shah Hussain, University of Delhi, Faridah-Hanum Ibrahim, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, Nobuo Imai, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Carlos A. Joly, UNICAMP, Shijo Joseph, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Anitha K, Rainforest Traditions, Kuswata Kartawinata, The Field Museum of Natural History / Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Justin Kassi, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Timothy J. Killeen, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Kanehiro Kitayama, Kyoto University, Bente Bang Klitgård, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Michael J. Lawes, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds, Janvier Lisingo, Kisangani University, Thomas Lovejoy, George Mason University, Jon C. Lovett, University of Leeds / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Xinghui Lu, Liaocheng University, Anne Mette Lykke, Aarhus University, William E. Magnusson, INPA, Casimiro Mendoza Bautista, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Vianet Mihindou, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Ministère de la Forêt et de l’Environnement, Jérôme Millet, French Agency for Biodiversity, William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, D. Mohandass, Novel Research Academy, David A. Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Luiz Menini Neto, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rueben Nilus, Forest Research Centre, Sabah Forestry Department, Mario Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Eddy Nurtja, Universitas Bangka Belitung, R. Nazaré O. de Araújo, INPA, Onrizal Onrizal, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Walter A. Palacios, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Sonia Palacios-Ramos, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Marc Parren, Wageningen University & Research, Ekananda Paudel, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Paulo S. Morandi, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, R. Toby Pennington, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh / University of Exeter, Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds, John J. Pipoly III, Broward County Parks and Recreation Division, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Field Museum, Erny Poedjirahajoe, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Lourens Poorter, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, John R. Poulsen, Duke University, P. Rama Chandra Prasad, International Institute of Information Technology, Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Jean-Philippe Puyravaud, Sigur Nature Trust, Lan Qie, University of Lincoln, Carlos A. Quesada, INPA, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, INDEFOR, Universidad de Los Andes, Ervan Rutishauser, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gemma Rutten, University of Bern, Ruwan Punchi-Manage, University of Peradeniya, Rafael P. Salomão, MPEG / UFRA, Hoang Van Sam, Vietnam National University of Forestry, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Manichanh Satdichanh, hinese Academy of Sciences / World Agroforestry Centre, Juliana Schietti, INPA, Jianwei Tang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Edmund Tanner, University of Cambridge, Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Systems Ecology, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Universidad Mayor Real and Pontifical de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University, Campbell O. Webb, University of Alaska, Edward L. Webb, National University of Singapore, Lee White, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux / Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale / University of Stirling, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, University of Minnesota, Serge Wich, Liverpool John Moores University / University of Amsterdam, Simon Willcock, Bangor University, Wanlop Chutipong, King Mongut's Institute of Technology Thonburi, Douglas Sheil, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS, Andreas Hemp, University of Bayreuth, Bruno Herault, CIRAD / Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, IIAP, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Aarhus University / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ghana Forestry Commission, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Everton C. de Almeida, UFOPA, Samuel S. de Almeida, MPEG, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UFMT, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Luciana F. Alves, University of California, Carlos Mariano Alvez-Valles, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Fernando Alzate Guarin, Universidad de Antioquia, Ana Andrade, INPA, Luis E. O. C. Aragão, INPE / University of Exeter, Alejandro Araujo Murakami, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Peter S. Ashton, Harvard University, Gerardo A. Aymard Corredor, Compensation International Progress / UNELLEZ-Guanare, Timothy R. Baker, University of Leeds, Fabian Brambach, University of Goettingen, Francis Q. Brearley, Manchester Metropolitan University, Steven W. Brewer, Wild Earth Allies, Jose L. C. Camargo, INPA, David G. Campbell, Grinnell College, CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR, Wendeson Castro, SOS Amazônia, Damien Catchpole, University of Tasmania, Carlos E. Cerón Martínez, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Shengbin Chen, Chengdu University of Technology, Phourin Chhang, Forestry Administration, Massiel Nataly Corrales Medina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Heike Culmsee, German Federal Foundation for the Environment, Heriberto David-Higuita, Universidad de Antioquia, Priya Davidar, Sigur Nature Trust, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, IIAP, Robert M. Ewers, Imperial College London, Sophie Fauset, University of Plymouth, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter, Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG, Markus Fischer, University of Bern, Janet Franklin, University of California, Gabriella M. Fredriksson, Pro Natura Foundation, Thomas W. Gillespie, University of California, Martin Gilpin, University of Leeds, Christelle Gonmadje, University of Yaoundé / National Herbarium, Arachchige Upali Nimal Gunatilleke, University of Peradeniya, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, King Abdulaziz University, Jefferson S. Hall, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Keith C. Hamer, University of Leeds, Lila Nath Sharma, ForestAction Nepal, Robert Kooyman, Macquarie University / Royal Botanic Gardens, Nicolas Labrière, CNRS, Eileen Larney, TEAM / Zoological Society of London, Yves Laumonier, CIRAD, Susan G. Laurance, James Cook University, William F. Laurance, James Cook University, Ni Putu Diana Mahayani, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yadvinder Malhi, University of Oxford, Asyraf Mansor, Universiti Sains Malaysia / Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina / ESALQ-USP, Ben H. Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT, Andrew R. Marshall, University of the Sunshine Coast / University of York / Flamingo Land, Karina Melgaco, University of Leeds, Abel Lorenzo Monteagudo Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Badru Mugerwa, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Hidetoshi Nagamasu, Kyoto University, Laszlo Nagy, UNICAMP, Naret Seuaturien, WWF Thailand, Marcelo T. Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, University of Fianarantsoa, Jan Meindert Reitsma, Bureau Waardenburg BV, Edilson J. Requena-Rojas, Universidad Continental, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Ecosystems Services and Climate Change (SECC) Group, COL-TREE Corporatio, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Anand Roopsind, Boise State University, Francesco Rovero, University of Florence / Museo delle Scienze, Andes Rozak, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Agustín Rudas Lleras, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Christine B. Schmitt, University of Bonn / University of Freiburg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, UNEMAT, Feyera Senbeta, Addis Ababa University, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Universidad de La Serena, Marcos Silveira, UFAC, Bonaventure Sonké, University of Yaoundé, Robert Steinmetz, WWF Thailand, Tariq Stévart, Missouri Botanical Garden, Raman Sukumar, Indian Institute of Science, Aisha Sultana, University of Delhi, Terry C. H. Sunderland, University of British Columbia / CIFOR, Hebbalalu Satyanarayana Suresh, Indian Institute of Science, John W. Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University, Ida Theilade, University of Copenhagen, Jonathan Timberlake, Warren Lane, Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de Los Andes, Peter Umunay, Yale University, María Uriarte, Columbia University, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Martin van de Bult, Doi Tung Development Project, Social Development Department, Peter van der Hout, Van der Hout Förestry Consulting, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Herbario Selva Central Oxapampa, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, MPEG, Simone A. Vieira, UNICAMP, Emilio Vilanova, University of California, Susan K. Wiser, Manaaki Whenua, Landcare Research, Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin, Rahmad Zakaria, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Runguo Zang, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Charles E. Zartman, INPA, Irié Casimir Zo-Bi, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University., Donald R. Drake, University of Hawai'i at M?noa, Marc K. Steininger, University of Maryland, Thaise Emilio, UNICAMP / Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds, Simon L. Lewis, University of Leeds / University College London, Ferry Slik, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Uppsala University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Rainforest Research Sdn Bhd
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, DIVERSITY, Biomasa, Biomassa, Arecaceae, AFRICAN, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, BIOMASS, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.02 [http], biomasse aérienne des arbres, Abundance (ecology), CARBON STORAGE, Floresta Tropical, Densité, Silvicultura, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, ALLOMETRY, above-ground biomass, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), GE, Condições abióticas locais, biology, Ecology, Inventaire forestier, abundance patterns, tropical, Facteur du milieu, wood density, PE&RC, Geography, Physical, 0501 Ecological Applications, Geography, Biogeografia, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversité, C180 Ecology, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Variance génétique, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, pantropical biogeography, Neotropics, F40 - Écologie végétale, Zona tropical, Biogéographie, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Subtropics, 010603 evolutionary biology, Bois, local abiotic conditions, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Densidade da Madeira, Ekologi, Science & Technology, 0602 Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, QK, Diameter at breast height, Biology and Life Sciences, facteurs abiotiques, DIVERSIFICATION HISTORY, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, AMAZONIAN FOREST, Physical Geography, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PATTERNS, tropical rainforest, Tropical rainforest
Abstract: Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.
Published: 2020

10. Thermal safety margins of plant leaves across biomes under a heatwave

Author: Murong Li, Ze-Xin Fan, Nawatbhrist Kitudom, Shubin Zhang, Kun Xu, Hua Lin, Sophie Fauset, Yingying Zhou, and Mingjian He
Subjects: Canopy, Thermotolerance, Environmental Engineering, Climate Change, Biome, Climate change, Temperate forest, Thermal safety, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, Pollution, Plant Leaves, Forest ecology, Temperate climate, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Animals, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem
Abstract: Climate change has great impacts on forest ecosystems, especially with the increasing frequency of heatwaves. Thermal safety margin (TSM) calculated by the difference between body temperature and thermotolerance threshold is useful to predict thermal safety of organisms. It has been widely used for animals, whereas has rarely been reported for plants. Besides, most of the previous studies used only thermotolerance to estimate thermal safety or used thermotolerance and air temperature (Ta) to calculate TSM. However, leaf temperature (Tl) is the real “body” temperature of plant leaves. Tl decoupling from Ta might induce large error in TSM. Here, we investigated TSM of photosystem II (thermotolerance of PSII – the maximum Tl) of dominant canopy plants in four forests from tropical to temperate biomes during a heatwave, and compared the TSMs calculated by Tl (TSM.Tl) and Ta (TSM.Ta) respectively. Also, thermal related leaf traits were investigated. The results showed that both TSM. Tl and TSM.Ta decreased from the cool forests to the hot forests. TSM.Tl was highly correlated with the maximum leaf temperature (Tlmax), while had an opposite trend with thermotolerance across biomes. Thus, Tlmax instead of thermotolerance can be used to evaluate TSM. The maximum Ta (Tamax), Tlmax and leaf traits explained 68% of the variance of thermotolerance in a random forest model, where Tamax and Tlmax explained 62%. TSM.Ta could not distinguish thermal safety differences between co-occurring species. The overestimation of TSM by TSM.Ta increased from the tropical to the temperate forest, and increased with Tl within biome. Therefore, it is not recommended to use TSM.Ta in cold forests. The present study enriches the dataset of photosynthetic TSMs across biomes, proposes using Tlmax to estimate TSMs of leaves, and highlights the risk of hot dry forest during heatwaves.
Published: 2021

11. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author: Jérôme Chave, Katherine H Roucoux, Gregory P. Asner, Frederick C. Draper, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, C. E. Timothy Paine, Mauricio Sánchez Sáenz, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, J. Sebastián Tello, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Dilys M. Vela, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, Timothy J. Killeen, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, José Luís Camargo, Jim Vega Arenas, Roosevelt Garcia Villacorta, Jean-François Molino, Francisco Dallmeier, Antonio S. Lima, Fernanda Carvalho, Luzmila Arroyo, Gerardo Aymard, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Germaine Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Jonathan Lloyd, Walter A. Palacios, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Tinde van Andel, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Narel Y.Paniagua Zambrana, Adriana Prieto, Marcos José Salgado Vital, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Gabriel Damasco, James A. Comiskey, Gabriel Arellano, Carlos A. Guerra, Oscar J.Valverde Barrantes, Klécia Gili Massi, Marcos Ríos Paredes, José Julio de Toledo, Gilberto E.Navarro Aguilar, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Victor Chama Moscoso, José Reyna Huaymacari, William E. Magnusson, Sandra Patiño, Renato R. Hilário, Guido Pardo, Manuel Flores, Paul E. Berry, Miguel Alexiades, Ricardo de Oliveira Perdiz, Hans ter Steege, Fredy R. Ramirez Arévalo, Nállarett Dávila, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, Vincent A. Vos, Juliana Schietti, Erika Berenguer, Elvis Valderamma Sandoval, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Rodrigo Sierra, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Daniel Sabatier, Kyle G. Dexter, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jessica Soares Cravo, Claire Fortunel, Elodie Allie, Italo Mesones, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Carolina V. Castilho, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Leslie Cayola Pérez, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Ophelia Wang, Oliver L. Phillips, Pascal Petronelli, Flávia Delgado Santana, Roel J. W. Brienen, Alberto Vicentini, Alfredo F. Fuentes, Michelle Kalamandeen, Kalle Ruokolainen, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Cesar J.Cordova Oroche, Aurélie Dourdain, Marcos Silvera, Luisa Fernanda Casas, Niro Higuchi, Jacob B. Socolar, Susan G. Laurance, Ana C. Andrade, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Jason Vleminckx, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jean Yves Goret, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Luis A. Torres Montenegro, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Ricardo Zárate Gómez, Mathias Disney, Paul V. A. Fine, Ana M. Aldana, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, André Braga Junqueira, Nayane C.C.S. Prestes, Christopher Baraloto, Sidney Araújo de Sousa, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Wenderson Castro, Alvaro Duque, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Yadvinder Malhi, Pablo Roberto Stevenson Diaz, Timothy R. Baker, Darcy F. Galiano Cabrera, Carlos Cerón, Manuel J. Macía, Peter M. Jørgensen, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, M. C. Peñuela, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Systems Ecology, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), Florida International University, University of Leeds, Arizona State University, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Michigan, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Vrije Universiteit, Lancaster University, University of Oxford, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Missouri Botanical Garden, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, University of California Berkeley, University of Turku, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife, IRD, University of New England, Université de Guyane, UMR EcoFoG, Universidad de Las Américas, Herbario Nacional de Bolivia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS, University of Plymouth, Cornell University, University of Exeter, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of St Andrews, Federal University of Amapá, James Cook University, George Mason University, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, University of Cambridge, Laurentian University, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), University of Amsterdam, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, University of Minnesota, University College London, Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia), Universidade Federal do Acre, Duke University, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad de Los Andes, Universidad de los Andes, University of Washington, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Agteca-Amazonica, Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Broward County Parks and Recreation, Florida Atlantic University-Davie, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Washington University in St Louis, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS), Northern Arizona University, University of Texas at Austin, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), University of Kent, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, University of Birmingham, Imperial College London, The Field Museum, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Amazonian, Biodiversity, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, SD Forestry, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Dominance (ecology), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SD, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, DAS, Plant community, Understory, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Tropical ecology, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brazil, GE Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized is urgently required to develop effective conservation strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227 ‘hyperdominant’ species account for >50% of all individuals >10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree size, the extent to which the composition of dominant species changes with size class and how evolutionary history constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we use a large floristic dataset to show that, while hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest strata, different species dominate the forest understory, midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages have become hyperdominant in small size classes, hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally, through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical locations. Institute of Environment Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University School of Geography University of Leeds Center for Global Discovery and Conservation Science Arizona State University Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Biología Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Naturalis Biodiversity Center Systems Ecology Vrije Universiteit Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Environmental Change Institute University of Oxford Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Missouri Botanical Garden Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco Department of Intergrative Biology University of California Berkeley Department of Biology University of Turku Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana UNELLEZ-Guanare Programa de Ciencias del Agro y el Mar Herbario Universitario (PORT) Compensation International Progress S. A.—Ciprogress Greenlife AMAP Université de Montpellier CIRAD CNRS INRAE IRD Environmental and Rural Science University of New England INRA UMR EcoFoG AgroParisTech CNRS CIRAD Université des Antilles Université de Guyane CIRAD UMR EcoFoG BIOMAS Universidad de Las Américas Instituto de Ecología Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de Rondônia Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB) CNRS/UPS School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Plymouth Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Department of Geography University of Exeter Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Estación Biológica del Jardín Botánico de Missouri Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona School of Geography & Sustainable Development University of St Andrews Department of Environment and Development Federal University of Amapá Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences James Cook University Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason University Inventory and Monitoring Program National Park Service Smithsonian Institution Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Living with Lakes Centre Laurentian University DRGB Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) Herbarium Amazonense (AMAZ) Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana Department of Ecology Universidade de São Paulo Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Centro de Estudos da Biodiversidade Universidade Federal de Roraima Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Biológicas e Sociais Aplicadas Universidad do Estado de Mato Grosso Centro de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Department of Ecology Evolution and Behaviour University of Minnesota Department of Geography University College London Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia) Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza Universidade Federal do Acre Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development Smithsonian’s National Zoo & Conservation Biology Institute Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia—UFRA/CAPES Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología Fundación Natura Colombia Universidad de Los Andes Facultad de Forestales Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana Institute of Research for Forestry Development Universidad de los Andes School of Environmental and Forest Sciences (SEFS) University of Washington Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam Agteca-Amazonica Universidad Autónoma del Beni Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones (IMANI) Universidad Nacional de Colombia Broward County Parks and Recreation Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University-Davie Museu Universitário Universidade Federal do Acre Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad Estatal Amazónica Department of Biology Washington University in St Louis National Institute for Space Research (INPE) Geoinformática & Sistemas (GeoIS) School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability Northern Arizona University Department of Geography and the Environment University of Texas at Austin Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Universidade Federal do Amazonas Herbario Alfredo Paredes (QAP) Universidad Central del Ecuador School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Science and Education The Field Museum Universidad Tecnica del Norte Herbario Nacional del Ecuador Research Institute Alexander von Humboldt Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia São Paulo State University (UNESP)
Published: 2021

12. Contrasting responses of stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity to warming and elevated CO2 in the tropical tree species Alchornea glandulosa under heatwave conditions

Author: Lauana Pereira de Oliveira, Rakesh Tiwari, Christine H. Foyer, David W. Galbraith, Manuel Gloor, Sophie Fauset, and Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Stomatal conductance, biology, Chemistry, Plant Science, Alchornea glandulosa, biology.organism_classification, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Photosynthetic capacity, Acclimatization, 03 medical and health sciences, Horticulture, 030104 developmental biology, Air temperature, Agronomy and Crop Science, Temperature response, Tree species, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Factorial experiments of combined warming and elevated CO2 are rarely performed but essential for our understanding of plant physiological responses to climate change. Studies of tropical species are particularly lacking, hence we grew juvenile trees of Alchornea glandulosa under conditions of elevated temperature (+1.5 °C, eT) and elevated CO2 (+400ppm, eC) in a factorial open top chamber experiment. We addressed three questions: i) To what extent does stomatal conductance (gs) reduce with eT and eC treatments?; ii) Is there an interactive effect of eT and eC on gs?; iii) Does reduced gs as a result of eT and/or eC cause an increase in leaf temperature?; iv) Do the photosynthetic temperature optima (Topt) and temperature response of photosynthetic capacities (Vcmax, Jmax) shift with higher growth temperatures? The experiment was performed during an anomalously hot period, including a heatwave during the acclimation period. Our key findings are that: 1) the eT treatment reduced gs more than the eC treatment, 2) reduced gs caused an increase in leaf temperatures, and 3) net photosynthesis and photosynthetic capacities showed very high temperature tolerances with no evidence for acclimation to the eT treatment. Our results suggest that A. glandulosa may be able to cope with increases in air temperatures, however reductions in gs may cause higher leaf temperatures beyond those induced by an air temperature rise over the coming century.
Published: 2019

13. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author: Draper, Frederick C., Costa, Flavia R. C., Gabriel Arellano, Phillips, Oliver L., Alvaro Duque, Macía, Manuel J., Hans ter Steege, Asner, Gregory P., Erika Berenguer, Juliana Schietti, Socolar, Jacob B., Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Dexter, Kyle G., Jørgensen, Peter M., Sebastian Tello, J., Magnusson, William E., Baker, Timothy R., Castilho, Carolina V., Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Fine, Paul V. A., Kalle Ruokolainen, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Gerardo Aymard, Nállarett Dávila, Mauricio Sánchez Sáenz, Rios Paredes, Marcos A., Julien Engel, Claire Fortunel, Timothy Paine, C. E., Jean- Yves Goret, Aurelie Dourdain, Pascal Petronelli, Elodie Allie, Guevara Andino, Juan E., Brienen, Roel J. W., Leslie Cayola Pérez, Ângelo, G., Paniagua Zambrana, Narel Y., Jean-François Molino, Daniel Sabatier, Jerôme Chave, Sophie Fauset, Roosevelt Garcia Villacorta, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Berry, Paul E., Karina Melgaço, Feldpausch, Ted R., Elvis Valderamma Sandoval, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Italo Mesones, Junqueira, André B., Roucoux, Katherine H., Toledo, José J., Andrade, Ana C., José Luís Camargo, Jhon Del, Aguila Pasquel, Santana, Flávia D., Laurance, William F., Laurance, Susan G., Lovejoy, Thomas E., Comiskey, James A., Galbraith, David R., Michelle Kalamandeen, Navarro Aguilar, Gilberto E., Jim Vega Arenas, Amasifuen Guerra, Carlos A., Manuel Flores, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Torres Montenegro, Luis A., Ricardo Zarate Gomez, Pansonato, Marcelo P., Victor Chama Moscoso, Jason Vleminckx, Valverde Barrantes, Oscar J., Duivenvoorden, Joost F., Sidney Araújo de Sousa, Luzmila Arroyo, Perdiz, Ricardo O., Jessica Soares Cravo, Marimon, Beatriz S., Ben Hur, Marimon Junior, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Gabriel Damasco, Mathias Disney, Marcos Salgado Vital, Stevenson Diaz, Pablo R., Alberto Vicentini, Henrique Nascimento, Niro Higuchi, Tinde van Andel, Yadvinder Malhi, Sabina Cerruto, Ribeiro 56, Terborgh, John W., Thomas, Raquel S., Francisco Dallmeier, Adriana Prieto, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

14. Long-term droughts may drive drier tropical forests towards increased functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogeneity

Author: Kasia Ziemińska, Sam Moore, Timothy R. Baker, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Simon L. Lewis, Oliver L. Phillips, Wannes Hubau, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Yadvinder Malhi, Agne Gvozdevaite, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Imma Oliveras, Sophie Fauset, and Theresa Peprah
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rain, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, General Physics and Astronomy, AFRICAN, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Klimatforskning, Soil, R PACKAGE, Biomass, RAINFALL, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, Climate-change ecology, Plants, respiratory system, Tropical ecology, ECOSYSTEM-FUNCTION, Droughts, Africa, Western, Geography, IMPACTS, Conservation of Natural Resources, Climate Research, Science, Climate Change, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Forest ecology, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, Ekologi, Tropical Climate, Plant Dispersal, Water, Tropics, General Chemistry, Phylogenetic diversity, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PATTERNS, BIODIVERSITY, lcsh:Q, Species richness, human activities
Abstract: Tropical ecosystems adapted to high water availability may be highly impacted by climatic changes that increase soil and atmospheric moisture deficits. Many tropical regions are experiencing significant changes in climatic conditions, which may induce strong shifts in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of forest communities. However, it remains unclear if and to what extent tropical forests are shifting in these facets of diversity along climatic gradients in response to climate change. Here, we show that changes in climate affected all three facets of diversity in West Africa in recent decades. Taxonomic and functional diversity increased in wetter forests but tended to decrease in forests with drier climate. Phylogenetic diversity showed a large decrease along a wet-dry climatic gradient. Notably, we find that all three facets of diversity tended to be higher in wetter forests. Drier forests showed functional, taxonomic and phylogenetic homogenization. Understanding how different facets of diversity respond to a changing environment across climatic gradients is essential for effective long-term conservation of tropical forest ecosystems., Different aspects of biodiversity may not necessarily converge in their response to climate change. Here, the authors investigate 25-year shifts in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of tropical forests along a spatial climate gradient in West Africa, showing that drier forests are less stable than wetter forests.
Published: 2020

15. Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa

Author: Emilio Vilanova, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Jan Reitsma, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Bonaventure Sonké, Danaë M. A. Rozendaal, Olaf Bánki, Timothy R. Baker, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Mark C. Vanderwel, William F. Laurance, Andrew R. Marshall, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Yadvinder Malhi, José Luís Camargo, Terry Sunderland, Ted R. Feldpausch, Lourens Poorter, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Hermann Taedoumg, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, James A. Comiskey, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Simon L. Lewis, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Lise Zemagho, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Lee J. T. White, Ana Andrade, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Simon Willcock, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, forest dynamics, tropical forest, media_common.quotation_subject, Biome, tree growth, Biology, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Article, Basal area, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, Growth rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, media_common, Tropical Climate, Forest dynamics, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, soil fertility, Community structure, Articles, trait-based models, wood density, PE&RC, Wood, mortality, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, trait‐based models, climatic water deficit, Africa, neighborhood effects, Soil fertility, Crop and Weed Ecology, competition, Brazil
Abstract: Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree’s growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees ≥10-cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient. Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area. © 2020 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America
Published: 2020

16. Author response for 'Causes and consequences of liana infestation in Southern Amazonia'

Author: Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, D. Galbraith, Fernando Elias, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Oliver L. Phillips, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Sophie Fauset, Paulo Sérgio Morandi, and Simone Matias Reis
Subjects: Geography, Liana, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Infestation, medicine, medicine.disease_cause
Published: 2020

17. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.
Published: 2020

18. Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, José Luís Camargo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Georgia Pickavance, Pieter A. Zuidema, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Simon L. Lewis, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, René G. A. Boot, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Lourens Poorter, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Benoit Burban, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Hans ter Steege, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Paulo S. Morandi, Adriana Prieto, Juliana Stropp, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, James Singh, Jon Lloyd, Timothy R. Baker, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Patrick Meir, Roderick Zagt, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Joey Talbot, Marielos Peña-Claros, Luzmila Arroyo, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Michel Baisie, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Julio Serrano, Raquel Thomas, Aurora Levesley, Emanuel Gloor, Julie Peacock, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Timothy J. Killeen, Yadvinder Malhi, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Natalino Silva, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Jorcely Barroso, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, William F. Laurance, Guido Pardo, James A. Comiskey, Agustín Rudas, Sophie Fauset, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Rafael Herrera, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Victor Chama Moscoso, Ted R. Feldpausch, Aurélie Dourdain, Damien Bonal, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Terry L. Erwin, Lilian Blanc, Anthony Di Fiore, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Haiyan Liu, Vincent A. Vos, Foster Brown, Roel J. W. Brienen, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Niro Higuchi, John Pipoly, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Peter van der Hout, University of Leeds, Plymouth University, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Project: 291585,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,T-FORCES(2012), University of Plymouth, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Esquivel-Muelbert A., Phillips O.L., Brienen R.J.W., Fauset S., Sullivan M.J.P., Baker T.R., Chao K.-J., Feldpausch T.R., Gloor E., Higuchi N., Houwing-Duistermaat J., Lloyd J., Liu H., Malhi Y., Marimon B., Marimon Junior B.H., Monteagudo-Mendoza A., Poorter L., Silveira M., Torre E.V., Davila E.A., del Aguila Pasquel J., Almeida E., Loayza P.A., Andrade A., Aragao L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami A., Arets E., Arroyo L., Aymard C G.A., Baisie M., Baraloto C., Camargo P.B., Barroso J., Blanc L., Bonal D., Bongers F., Boot R., Brown F., Burban B., Camargo J.L., Castro W., Moscoso V.C., Chave J., Comiskey J., Valverde F.C., da Costa A.L., Cardozo N.D., Di Fiore A., Dourdain A., Erwin T., Llampazo G.F., Vieira I.C.G., Herrera R., Honorio Coronado E., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco I., Jimenez-Rojas E., Killeen T., Laurance S., Laurance W., Levesley A., Lewis S.L., Ladvocat K.L.L.M., Lopez-Gonzalez G., Lovejoy T., Meir P., Mendoza C., Morandi P., Neill D., Nogueira Lima A.J., Vargas P.N., de Oliveira E.A., Camacho N.P., Pardo G., Peacock J., Pena-Claros M., Penuela-Mora M.C., Pickavance G., Pipoly J., Pitman N., Prieto A., Pugh T.A.M., Quesada C., Ramirez-Angulo H., de Almeida Reis S.M., Rejou-Machain M., Correa Z.R., Bayona L.R., Rudas A., Salomao R., Serrano J., Espejo J.S., Silva N., Singh J., Stahl C., Stropp J., Swamy V., Talbot J., ter Steege H., Terborgh J., Thomas R., Toledo M., Torres-Lezama A., Gamarra L.V., van der Heijden G., van der Meer P., van der Hout P., Martinez R.V., Vieira S.A., Cayo J.V., Vos V., Zagt R., Zuidema P., Galbraith D., University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chemistry(all), Software_GENERAL, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Amazonegebied, Carbon sink, Trees, Growth–survival trade-off, Risk Factors, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, lcsh:Science, Biomass (ecology), GE, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Bomen, Mortality rate, food and beverages, risk factors, mortality, trees, PE&RC, Tropical ecology, Tree (data structure), population characteristics, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Brazil, geographic locations, GE Environmental Sciences, Environmental Monitoring, Carbon Sequestration, Science, Physics and Astronomy(all), Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Tree mortality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, parasitic diseases, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Ecosystem, Author Correction, Vegetatie, Proportional Hazards Models, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), DAS, social sciences, General Chemistry, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Sterfte, lcsh:Q, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The carbon sink capacity of tropical forests is substantially affected by tree mortality. However, the main drivers of tropical tree death remain largely unknown. Here we present a pan-Amazonian assessment of how and why trees die, analysing over 120,000 trees representing > 3800 species from 189 long-term RAINFOR forest plots. While tree mortality rates vary greatly Amazon-wide, on average trees are as likely to die standing as they are broken or uprooted—modes of death with different ecological consequences. Species-level growth rate is the single most important predictor of tree death in Amazonia, with faster-growing species being at higher risk. Within species, however, the slowest-growing trees are at greatest risk while the effect of tree size varies across the basin. In the driest Amazonian region species-level bioclimatic distributional patterns also predict the risk of death, suggesting that these forests are experiencing climatic conditions beyond their adaptative limits. These results provide not only a holistic pan-Amazonian picture of tree death but large-scale evidence for the overarching importance of the growth–survival trade-off in driving tropical tree mortality., Tree mortality has been shown to be the dominant control on carbon storage in Amazon forests, but little is known of how and why Amazon forest trees die. Here the authors analyse a large Amazon-wide dataset, finding that fast-growing species face greater mortality risk, but that slower-growing individuals within a species are more likely to die, regardless of size.
Published: 2020

19. Author Correction: Tree mode of death and mortality risk factors across Amazon forests

Author: Javier Silva Espejo, Kuo-Jung Chao, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, René G. A. Boot, Lourens Poorter, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ana Andrade, Ted R. Feldpausch, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Yadvinder Malhi, Jon Lloyd, Joey Talbot, Jérôme Chave, José Luís Camargo, Paulo S. Morandi, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Adriana Prieto, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Timothy R. Baker, Julio Serrano, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Haiyan Liu, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Marisol Toledo, Agustín Rudas, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Juliana Stropp, Christopher Baraloto, Luzmila Arroyo, Simon L. Lewis, Thomas A. M. Pugh, James Singh, Roderick Zagt, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Lilian Blanc, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Anthony Di Fiore, Peter van der Hout, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Frans Bongers, Niro Higuchi, William F. Laurance, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Karina Liana Lisboa Melgaço Ladvocat, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Susan G. Laurance, Foster Brown, Marcos Silveira, Jorcely Barroso, Natalino Silva, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Jeanne Houwing-Duistermaat, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Rafael Herrera, Victor Chama Moscoso, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Guido Pardo, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Carlos A. Quesada, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Pieter A. Zuidema, Aurora Levesley, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, Julie Peacock, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Aurélie Dourdain, Georgia Pickavance, Casimiro Mendoza, Marielos Peña-Claros, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Maxime Rejou-Machain, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Benoit Burban, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Patrick Meir, Michel Baisie, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, John Pipoly, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Damien Bonal, and Esteban Alvarez Dávila
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Vegetation, Amazon rainforest, Science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Mode (statistics), General Physics and Astronomy, General Chemistry, PE&RC, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Geography, Statistics, Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Dead tree, Tree (set theory), Vegetatie
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in Table 2, where the number of individuals in the “All Amazonia” row was reported as 11,6431 instead of 116,431. Also, the original version of this Article contained an error in the Methods, where the R2 for the proportion of broken/uprooted dead trees increase per year was reported as 0.12, the correct value being 0.06. The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Gerardo A. Aymard C. with UNELLEZGuanare, Herbario Universitario (PORT), Portuguesa, Venezuela Compensation International Progress S.A. Ciprogress–Greenlife.
Published: 2021

20. Intraspecific variation in leaf traits facilitates the occurrence of trees at the Amazonia–Cerrado transition

Author: Tiffani Carla da Silva Vieira, Wesley Jonatar Cruz, Marina Corrêa Scalon, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, David W. Galbraith, Manuel Gloor, Sophie Fauset, and Igor Brasil de Araújo
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Specific leaf area, Amazon rainforest, fungi, Climate change, Plant Science, Woodland, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trichome, Intraspecific competition, Variation (linguistics), Habitat, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The ability of plant species to adjust key functional traits through intraspecific variation may determine their success in persisting on our planet in the future, especially in unstable habitats, such as the Amazonia–Cerrado transition zone. We assessed intraspecific variation in 12 leaf morphological and anatomical traits for four tree species along a savanna–forest gradient, including rocky cerrado, typical cerrado and woodland savanna. Generally, all evaluated species showed great intraspecific variation. Our findings demonstrate that trees occurring in the woodland savanna are potentially more vulnerable to climate change, while in the cerrado the individuals presented higher tolerance to water deficit and high temperatures. Trees occurring in open-canopy habitats showed smaller stomata, higher stomata and trichome densities, compared to the same species growing in the woodland savanna. In contrast, the individuals in the woodland savanna shift leaf traits to increase resource acquisition (e.g. light), showing higher specific leaf area and larger stomata, compared to cerrado individuals. We have shown that vegetation-induced shifts in leaf morphological and anatomical traits are a major effect in within-species variability, with consequences for persistence and tolerance of species under future climatic conditions.
Published: 2021

21. Photosynthetic quantum efficiency in south-eastern Amazonian trees may be already affected by climate change

Author: Angela Pierre Vitória, Maura Da Cunha, Camila Silva Borges, Klaus Winter, Christine H. Foyer, Rakesh Tiwari, Milene A Oliveira, Raiane G Béu, Thaynara T Lopes, Maélly Dállet A Gonçalves, Saulo Pireda, Heinrich G. Krause, Carla Heloísa Luz de Oliveira, Eduarda B Santos, David Ashley, Wesley Jonatar Alves da Cruz, Luciana J de Souza, Denilson M Santos, Ediméia Laura S da Silva, Simone Matias Reis, Martijn Slot, Natana G Mendonça, Pedro T Noleto, Laura dos Santos Ferreira, Eduardo Q. Marques, Igor Araújo de Souza, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Nayane Cristina Candida dos Santos Prestes, Natalia G Mendonça, Sophie Fauset, Izabel A de Souza, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, David W. Galbraith, and Emanuel Gloor
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Thermotolerance, Rainforest, Physiology, Amazonian, Climate Change, Climate change, Amaioua guianensis, Plant Science, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, Amazon rainforest, Tropics, Photosystem II Protein Complex, Plant Leaves, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Environmental science, South eastern, Brazil, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Tropical forests are experiencing unprecedented high‐temperature conditions due to climate change that could limit their photosynthetic functions. We studied the high‐temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis in a rainforest site in southern Amazonia, where some of the highest temperatures and most rapid warming in the Tropics have been recorded. The quantum yield (F v /F m ) of photosystem II was measured in seven dominant tree species using leaf discs exposed to varying levels of heat stress. T 50 was calculated as the temperature at which F v /F m was half the maximum value. T 5 is defined as the breakpoint temperature, at which F v /F m decline was initiated. Leaf thermotolerance in the rapidly warming southern Amazonia was the highest recorded for forest tree species globally. T 50 and T 5 varied between species, with one mid‐storey species, Amaioua guianensis , exhibiting particularly high T 50 and T 5 values. While the T 50 values of the species sampled were several degrees above the maximum air temperatures experienced in southern Amazonia, the T 5 values of several species are now exceeded under present‐day maximum air temperatures.
Published: 2019

22. A Spatial and Temporal Risk Assessment of the Impacts of El Niño on the Tropical Forest Carbon Cycle: Theoretical Framework, Scenarios, and Implications

Author: Yoni Gavish, Alexander Chambers-Ostler, K. C. Pattnayak, Amy C. Bennett, Michelle O. Johnson, Yunxia Wang, Michelle Kalamandeen, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Luciene Gomes, Marta Lisli Giannichi, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Jessica C. A. Baker, and Sophie Fauset
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, drought, lcsh:QC851-999, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), climate anomalies, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Fire control, physiological thresholds, carbon cycle, Ecosystem, Baseline (configuration management), biogeography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, tropical forests, el niño, forest fragmentation, Anomaly (natural sciences), 15. Life on land, climate change, El Niño, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Risk assessment, fire
Abstract: Strong El Ni&ntilde, o events alter tropical climates and may lead to a negative carbon balance in tropical forests and consequently a disruption to the global carbon cycle. The complexity of tropical forests and the lack of data from these regions hamper the assessment of the spatial distribution of El Niño impacts on these ecosystems. Typically, maps of climate anomaly are used to detect areas of greater risk, ignoring baseline climate conditions and forest cover. Here, we integrated climate anomalies from the 1982&ndash, 1983, 1997&ndash, 1998, and 2015&ndash, 2016 El Niño events with baseline climate and forest edge extent, using a risk assessment approach to hypothetically assess the spatial and temporal distributions of El Niño risk over tropical forests under several risk scenarios. The drivers of risk varied temporally and spatially. Overall, the relative risk of El Niño has been increasing driven mainly by intensified forest fragmentation that has led to a greater chance of fire ignition and increased mean annual air temperatures. We identified areas of repeated high risk, where conservation efforts and fire control measures should be focused to avoid future forest degradation and negative impacts on the carbon cycle.
Published: 2019

23. Asynchronous carbon sink saturation in African and Amazonian tropical forests

Author: Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, David A. Coomes, Connie J. Clark, Hannsjörg Wöll, Douglas Sheil, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Katharine Abernethy, Hans Verbeeck, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Ted R. Feldpausch, Terese B. Hart, Sam Moore, Robert Bitariho, Francesco Rovero, Joey Talbot, Lise Zemagho, C. Amani, Jefferson S. Hall, Sean C. Thomas, Amy C. Bennett, Pascal Boeckx, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Armandu K. Daniels, Fabrice Bénédet, Yadvinder Malhi, Alusine Fofanah, John R. Poulsen, David Kenfack, Lindsay F. Banin, Janvier Lisingo, Hans Beeckman, Jean-Louis Doucet, Eric Chezeaux, Emanuel Gloor, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Timothy R. Baker, Jan Reitsma, Vincent P. Medjibe, Christelle Gonmadje, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marie Noel Djuikouo Kamdem, Fidèle Baya, Serge K. Begne, Patrick Boundja, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Lucas Ojo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Hermann Taedoumg, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Benjamin Toirambe, Lan Qie, Jon C. Lovett, Greta C. Dargie, Elizabeth Kearsley, Darlington Tuagben, George B. Chuyong, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Terry Brncic, Pantaleo K. T. Munishi, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Tommaso Jucker, Simon Willcock, Yannick Enock Bocko, Emanuel H. Martin, Vianet Mihindou, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Simon L. Lewis, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Jean-Remy Makana, Andrew R. Marshall, Martin Gilpin, Bonaventure Sonké, Jeremy A. Lindsell, Faustin M. Mbayu, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Wannes Hubau, Suspense Averti Ifo, Peter M. Umunay, Duncan W. Thomas, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Ernest G. Foli, Lee J. T. White, Jaccques M. Mukinzi, Georgia Pickavance, James Taplin, Terry Sunderland, Annette Hladik, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Jason Vleminckx, Oliver L. Phillips, Sophie Fauset, Alexander K. Koch, David Harris, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Jim Martin, and Murray Collins
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Carbon Sequestration, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rainforest, Carbon sequestration, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, History, 21st Century, Sink (geography), Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Forest ecology, Tropical climate, Life Science, Biomass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Atmosphere, Temperature, Carbon sink, Carbon Dioxide, History, 20th Century, Models, Theoretical, Droughts, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, Africa, Environmental science, C180 Ecology, Brazil
Abstract: Structurally intact tropical forests sequestered about half of the global terrestrial carbon uptake over the 1990s and early 2000s, removing about 15 per cent of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions1,2,3. Climate-driven vegetation models typically predict that this tropical forest ‘carbon sink’ will continue for decades4,5. Here we assess trends in the carbon sink using 244 structurally intact African tropical forests spanning 11 countries, compare them with 321 published plots from Amazonia and investigate the underlying drivers of the trends. The carbon sink in live aboveground biomass in intact African tropical forests has been stable for the three decades to 2015, at 0.66 tonnes of carbon per hectare per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.53–0.79), in contrast to the long-term decline in Amazonian forests6. Therefore the carbon sink responses of Earth’s two largest expanses of tropical forest have diverged. The difference is largely driven by carbon losses from tree mortality, with no detectable multi-decadal trend in Africa and a long-term increase in Amazonia. Both continents show increasing tree growth, consistent with the expected net effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and air temperature7,8,9. Despite the past stability of the African carbon sink, our most intensively monitored plots suggest a post-2010 increase in carbon losses, delayed compared to Amazonia, indicating asynchronous carbon sink saturation on the two continents. A statistical model including carbon dioxide, temperature, drought and forest dynamics accounts for the observed trends and indicates a long-term future decline in the African sink, whereas the Amazonian sink continues to weaken rapidly. Overall, the uptake of carbon into Earth’s intact tropical forests peaked in the 1990s. Given that the global terrestrial carbon sink is increasing in size, independent observations indicating greater recent carbon uptake into the Northern Hemisphere landmass10 reinforce our conclusion that the intact tropical forest carbon sink has already peaked. This saturation and ongoing decline of the tropical forest carbon sink has consequences for policies intended to stabilize Earth’s climate.
Published: 2019

24. Drier tropical forests are susceptible to functional changes in response to a long-term drought

Author: Sam Moore, Ülo Niinemets, Timothy R. Baker, Yadvinder Malhi, Olivier L. Phillips, Sami W. Rifai, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Ted R. Feldpausch, Brian J. Enquist, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Simon L. Lewis, Imma Oliveras, Kasia Ziemińska, Wannes Hubau, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Agne Gvozdevaite, Theresa Peprah, Nathan J. B. Kraft, and Sophie Fauset
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Climate Change, LEAF-AREA, DRY, Biodiversity, Climate change, EVERGREEN, Rainforest, Forests, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Abundance (ecology), West Africa, ECOSYSTEMS, Ecosystem, DECIDUOUS TREES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, tropical forests, PLANT DIVERSITY, Tropical Climate, Drying climate, CLIMATE-CHANGE, PRODUCTIVITY, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Evergreen, Droughts, Deciduous, plant traits, RAIN-FORESTS, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, TRAITS
Abstract: Climatic changes have profound effects on the distribution of biodiversity, but untangling the links between climatic change and ecosystem functioning is challenging, particularly in high diversity systems such as tropical forests. Tropical forests may also show different responses to a changing climate, with baseline climatic conditions potentially inducing differences in the strength and timing of responses to droughts. Trait-based approaches provide an opportunity to link functional composition, ecosystem function and environmental changes. We demonstrate the power of such approaches by presenting a novel analysis of long-term responses of different tropical forest to climatic changes along a rainfall gradient. We explore how key ecosystem's biogeochemical properties have shifted over time as a consequence of multi-decadal drying. Notably, we find that drier tropical forests have increased their deciduous species abundance and generally changed more functionally than forests growing in wetter conditions, suggesting an enhanced ability to adapt ecologically to a drying environment.
Published: 2019

25. Trees at the Amazonia-Cerrado transition are approaching high temperature thresholds

Author: David W. Galbraith, Rakesh Tiwari, Sophie Fauset, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Marina Corrêa Scalon, Manuel Gloor, Igor Brasil de Araújo, and Beatriz Schwantes Marimon
Subjects: Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Amazon rainforest, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tropical trees, Atmospheric sciences, Photosynthesis, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Land regions are warming rapidly. While in a warming world at extra-tropical latitudes vegetation adapted to higher temperatures may move in from lower latitudes this is not possible in the tropics. Thus, the limits of plant functioning will determine the nature and composition of future vegetation. The most temperature sensitive component of photosynthesis is photosystem II. Here we report the thermal safety margin (difference between photosystem II thermotolerance (T50) and maximum leaf temperature) during the beginning of the dry season for four tree species co-occurring across the forest-savanna transition zone in Brazil, a region which has warmed particularly rapidly over the recent decades. The species selected are evergreen in forests but deciduous in savannas. We find that thermotolerance declines with growth temperature >40 °C for individuals in the savannas. Current maximum leaf temperatures exceed T50 in some species and will exceed T50 in a 2.5 °C warmer world in most species evaluated. Despite plasticity in leaf thermal traits to increase leaf cooling in hotter environments, the results show this is not sufficient to maintain a safe thermal safety margin in hotter savannas. Overall, the results suggest that tropical forests may become increasingly deciduous and savanna-like in the future.
Published: 2021

26. Amazon forest response to repeated droughts

Author: G. M. F. van der Heijden, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Timothy R. Baker, Tomas F. Domingues, Alfredo Alarcón, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Damien Bonal, Wendeson Castro, C. Mendoza Bautista, Juliana Stropp, William F. Laurance, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Sophie Fauset, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, Agustín Rudas, Carlos A. Quesada, David A. Neill, Vincent A. Vos, Ted R. Feldpausch, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Emilio Vilanova, V. Chama, Gustavo Saiz, Adriana Prieto, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Roel J. W. Brienen, John Terborgh, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, E. Alvarez Dávila, Emanuel Gloor, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Yadvinder Malhi, C. Oliveira dos Santos, Christopher Baraloto, R. Vásquez Martínez, Simon L. Lewis, N. C. Pallqui Camacho, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Juan Carlos Licona, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, G. Pardo-Molina, E.N. Honorio Coronado, Jorcely Barroso, Fredy Ramírez, Nikée Groot, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Oliver L. Phillips, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, and H. ter Steege
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest dynamics, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Climate change, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Confidence interval, Liana, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The Amazon Basin has experienced more variable climate over the last decade, with a severe and widespread drought in 2005 causing large basin-wide losses of biomass. A drought of similar climatological magnitude occurred again in 2010; however, there has been no basin-wide ground-based evaluation of effects on vegetation. We examine to what extent the 2010 drought affected forest dynamics using ground-based observations of mortality and growth from an extensive forest plot network. We find that during the 2010 drought interval, forests did not gain biomass (net change: −0.43 Mg ha−1, confidence interval (CI): −1.11, 0.19, n = 97), regardless of whether forests experienced precipitation deficit anomalies. This contrasted with a long-term biomass sink during the baseline pre-2010 drought period (1998 to pre-2010) of 1.33 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (CI: 0.90, 1.74, p
Published: 2016

27. Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change

Author: Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Georgia Pickavance, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Wendeson Castro, Julie Peacock, Emilio Vilanova, Julien Engel, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Raquel Thomas, José Luís Camargo, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, David W. Galbraith, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Lan Qie, Jon Lloyd, Carlos A. Quesada, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Jérôme Chave, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, William F. Laurance, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Sophie Fauset, Hans ter Steege, Vincent A. Vos, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Pascal Petronelli, Damien Bonal, Roel J. W. Brienen, César I.A. Vela, Christopher Baraloto, Javier Silva Espejo, Niro Higuchi, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Simon L. Lewis, Timothy R. Baker, Fernando Elias, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Wannes Hubau, Adriana Prieto, Ted R. Feldpausch, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Natalino Silva, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Yadvinder Malhi, Jorcely Barroso, Kyle G. Dexter, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Terry L. Erwin, Anthony Di Fiore, Victor Chama Moscoso, Oliver L. Phillips, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Clément Stahl, Jos Barlow, Bruno Hérault, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Pieter A. Zuidema, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Peter van der Hout, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Paulo S. Morandi, Guido Pardo, René G. A. Boot, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, James Singh, Agustín Rudas, Luzmila Arroyo, Peter J. van de Meer, Lourens Poorter, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Frans Bongers, Emanuel Gloor, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Juliana Stropp, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, University of Leeds, School of Geography [Leeds], Imperial College London, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Fundación Con-Vida, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, The Royal Society, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tropical forests, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biodiversity, adaptation aux changements climatiques, forêt tropicale, Forests, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, traits, CARBON STORAGE, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Primary Research Article, functional traits, skin and connective tissue diseases, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GE, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, PE&RC, Geography, climate change, NEOTROPICAL FOREST, GROWTH, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Functional traits, Communauté végétale, GE Environmental Sciences, VEGETATION DYNAMICS, F40 - Écologie végétale, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bioclimatic niches, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, Tropical Forest, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Temporal Variation, Bois tropical, Vegetatie, Changement climatique, Science & Technology, Bioclimatic niches, Composition botanique, Brasil, Water, 15. Life on land, 06 Biological Sciences, Floristics, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, functional, Season, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Physiology, WOOD DENSITY, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, DIVERSITY, Bibliomatic niches, Tropic Climate, Trees, Environmental Science(all), Dry season, Tropical climate, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Lowland Environment, Tropial forests, tropical forests, Bioclimatology, PERVASIVE ALTERATION, F70 - Taxonomie végétale et phytogéographie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Funtional traits, Classification, Biodiversity Conservation, Seasons, TREE COMMUNITIES, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Brazil, Tree, Temporal trends, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Amazonia, Niche, Environmental Chemistry, Forest, Compositional shifts, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Tropics, DAS, Carbon Dioxide, Primary Research Articles, Climatic change, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, sense organs, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dioxyde de carbone, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Funding Information: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Grant/Award Number: NE/ N004655/1; NERC Consortium Grants “AMAZONICA”; BIO‐RED; European Research Council (ERC); The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/ Award Number: 282664; Royal Society, Grant/Award Number: CH160091; Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. Most of the planet's diversity is concentrated in the tropics, which includes many regions undergoing rapid climate change. Yet, while climate-induced biodiversity changes are widely documented elsewhere, few studies have addressed this issue for lowland tropical ecosystems. Here we investigate whether the floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests have been changing by evaluating records from 106 long-term inventory plots spanning 30 years. We analyse three traits that have been hypothesized to respond to different environmental drivers (increase in moisture stress and atmospheric CO2 concentrations): maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation and wood density. Tree communities have become increasingly dominated by large-statured taxa, but to date there has been no detectable change in mean wood density or water deficit affiliation at the community level, despite most forest plots having experienced an intensification of the dry season. However, among newly recruited trees, dry-affiliated genera have become more abundant, while the mortality of wet-affiliated genera has increased in those plots where the dry season has intensified most. Thus, a slow shift to a more dry-affiliated Amazonia is underway, with changes in compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) consistent with climate-change drivers, but yet to significantly impact whole-community composition. The Amazon observational record suggests that the increase in atmospheric CO2 is driving a shift within tree communities to large-statured species and that climate changes to date will impact forest composition, but long generation times of tropical trees mean that biodiversity change is lagging behind climate change. Publisher PDF
Published: 2018

28. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome

Author: Connie J. Clark, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Lan Qie, Timothy R. Baker, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Lise Zemagho, Yadvinder Malhi, Javier Silva Espejo, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Lindsay F. Banin, Jefferson S. Hall, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, H. Priyadi, Jérôme Chave, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Peter M. Umunay, J. W. Ferry Slik, Martin Gilpin, Ana Andrade, Andrew R. Marshall, Alvaro Cogollo Pacheco, Bonaventure Sonké, Rodrigo Sierra, Jan Bogaert, Emanuel Gloor, Christopher Baraloto, Guido Pardo, Nicholas J. Berry, Simon L. Lewis, Georgia Pickavance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Vincent A. Vos, Carlos Cerón, Jean-Louis Doucet, Peter S. Ashton, William F. Laurance, Wannes Hubau, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Eric Chezeaux, Zorayda Restrepo, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Kanehiro Kitayama, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Jan Reitsma, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Percy Núñez Vargas, Hans ter Steege, John Terborgh, Roel J. W. Brienen, Jean-François Bastin, Kamariah Abu Salim, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simon Willcock, Marisol Toledo, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Serge K. Begne, Greta C. Dargie, Carlos A. Quesada, Terese B. Hart, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Terry Sunderland, Ted R. Feldpausch, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Stuart J. Davies, Lera Miles, Sean C. Thomas, Lip Khoon Kho, Lisa Steel, Jaques Mukinzi, Marie Noel Djuikouo K., Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Rafael Herrera, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Faustin Mpanya Lukasu, Damien Bonal, Sylvester Tan, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Marielos Peña-Claros, José Luís Camargo, Lee J. T. White, James A. Comiskey, Hermann Taedoumg, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Pascal Petronelli, Jean-Remy Makana, Ophelia Wang, Richard B. Primack, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Charles De Cannière, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Leandro Maracahipes, Kuswata Kartawinata, Michael Balinga, Victor Chama Moscoso, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, David Harris, Miguel E. Leal, Paulo S. Morandi, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Frans Bongers, Joey Talbot, Douglas Sheil, Reuben Nilus, John R. Poulsen, Oliver L. Phillips, Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Dept Geog, University College of London [London] (UCL), Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Coll Marine & Environm Sci, James Cook University, Leiden University, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon, Ecole de Terrain en Ecologie Tropicale (ECOTROP), Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, Inst Biodiversidade & Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Ctr Trop Conservat, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Coll Life & Environm Sci, University of Exeter, Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Programa Ciencias Agro & Mar, Herbario Universitario PORT, Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Florida International University (FIU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Sch Geosci, University of Edinburgh, Biodivers & Landscape Unit, Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Projeto Dinam Biol Fragmentos Florestais, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Rougier Gabon, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke University, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Smithsonian Institution, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Landscape Ecol & Vegetal Prod Syst Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Dept Bot & Plant Physiol, Fac Sci, University of Buea, Wildlife Conservation Society, Centre de Formation et de Recherche en Conservation Forestière (CEFRECOF), Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Ctr Ecol, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Inst Geog & Reg Forsch, University of Vienna, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Lukuru Wildlife Res Fdn, Div Vertebrate Zool, National Museum of Natural History, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Integrat Res Ctr, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Trop Peat Res Inst, Biol Res Div, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Coll Sci & Engn, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, George Mason University, Fac Sci Agron, University of Kisangani, Sch Geog & Environm, University of Oxford, Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Flamingo Land LTD, Dept Environm, CIRCLE, University of York, Salonga Natl Pk, sabah Parks, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Inst Boliviano Invest Forestal, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Southern Swedish Forest Res Ctr, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bur Waarderburg, Fundación Con-Vida, CarboForExpert, Fac Sci, Environm & Life Sci, University of Brunei Darussalam (Biology Department), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Forestry Research and Development Agency (FORDA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Geoinformática y Sistemas , Cia. Ltda (GeoIS), Museu Univ, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), World Wide Fund for Nature, CTFS AA Asia Program, Fac Forestry, University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado Norte Amazónico, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Sch Environm Nat Resources & Geog, Bangor University, European Research Council (ERC), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, European Union's Seventh Framework Programme 283080, 282664, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency Grants, NERC Consortium Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, NERC Consortium Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, NERC Consortium Grant 'BIO-RED' NE/N012542/1, NERC New Investigators Grant, Royal Society, Centre for International Forestry (CIFOR), Gabon's National Parks Agency (ANPN), NERC PhD Studentship, UNEP-WCMC, NERC research fellowship NE/I021160/1, Royal Society University Research Fellowship ERC Advanced Grant (T-FORCES), Phillip Leverhulme Prize, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, NERC studentship, RGS-IBG Henrietta Hutton Grant, National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) PELD/403725/2012-7, CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0, National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) Productivity Grant, Leverhulme Trust under the Valuing the Arc project, Missouri Botanical Garden, Sullivan, Martin J. P., Université de Yaoundé I, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Vienna [Vienna], Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Université de Toulouse (UT), James Cook University (JCU), Universiteit Leiden, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon (ANPN), Harvard University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, INCREASES, ALPHA-DIVERSITY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, Biodiversity, COMPLEMENTARITY, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, Tropic Climate, biodiversité, biomasse aérienne des arbres, conservation des forêts, Tropical climate, stockage du carbone, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, PRODUCTIVITY, Agroforestry, Ecology, Plants, PE&RC, Classification, Tropical ecology, Chemistry, séquestration du carbone, biome, diversité variétale, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS, tropical forest, Asia, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, TREE ALPHA-DIVERSITY, forêt amazonienne, CONSERVATION, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Ecology and Environment, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Forest ecology, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, AFRICAN RAIN-FORESTS, WOOD PRODUCTION, BIODIVERSITY, CLIMATE, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Western Hemisphere, TREE SPECIES RICHNESS, Tropics, Plant, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, biodiversité forestière, DOMINANCE, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Africa, Alpha diversity, Americas, structure de la canopée
Abstract: Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-Tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017

29. Supplementary material to 'Linking hydraulic traits to tropical forest function in a size-structured and trait-driven model (TFS v.1-Hydro)'

Author: Bradley O. Christoffersen, Manuel Gloor, Sophie Fauset, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, David R. Galbraith, Timothy R. Baker, Lucy Rowland, Rosie A. Fisher, Oliver J. Binks, Sanna A. Sevanto, Chonggang Xu, Steven Jansen, Brendan Choat, Maurizio Mencuccini, Nate G. McDowell, and Patrick Meir
Published: 2016

30. Modelling Amazonian Carbon Budgets and Vegetation Dynamics in a Changing Climate

Author: Anja Rammig, Timothy R. Baker, Patrick Meir, David W. Galbraith, Hans Verbeeck, Celso von Randow, Sophie Fauset, Michelle L. Johnson, and Bart Kruijt
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), WIMEK, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazon rainforest, business.industry, Amazonian, Environmental resource management, Vegetation, 01 natural sciences, Soil respiration, Climate Resilience, Nutrient, Klimaatbestendigheid, Climatology, Life Science, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Stage (hydrology), business, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Modelling the Amazon terrestrial carbon budget and vegetation dynamics is still at an early stage, despite the large amount of research on dynamic vegetation models and land–atmosphere exchange. We give an overview of the most important issues and state of the art until 2014 concerning the modelling of carbon budgets and vegetation dynamics of the Amazon forests, and tropical forests in general. This includes water relations, temperature dependence, CO2 and nutrient dependence, patterns in growth and mortality, and fire. In water relations, it is most urgent to better represent in models the different plant strategies in avoiding water stress. Models need to adopt temperature dependence for primary production and respiration that is both representative for tropical conditions and is also able to acclimate to changing climate. To enable realistic response to increasing CO2 levels, it is essential that models include dependence on soil nutrients in a dynamic way, including feedbacks of changing vegetation on nutrient availability. For that, and also to better understand the spatial variation of biomass over the Amazon, dynamic allocation modelling and better understanding of tree mortality processes are essential which both need to move away from assuming fixed rates. Finally, the implementation of fire needs improving in all models. All in all, this chapter presents both a challenging research and experimental agenda and an outlook to more robust models for Amazonian vegetation in the near future.
Published: 2016

31. Evidence for arrested succession in a liana-infested Amazonian forest

Author: Jérôme Viers, Ted R. Feldpausch, Jérôme Chave, James W. Dalling, Natalia Norden, Sophie Fauset, Benjamin L. Turner, Blaise Tymen, Oliver L. Phillips, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Fundación Cedrela, Centro Internacional de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Carbon turnover, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Forest dynamics, Stand structure, Forest restoration, remote sensing, Tropical forest, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Chemical analysis, Biomass, Lidar, French guiana, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, integumentary system, Aboveground biomass, Vine, Carbon cycle, Remote sensing, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Old-growth forest, determinants of plant community diversity and structure, French Guiana, above-ground productivity, Nutrient availability, Recruitment (population dynamics), forest structure, forest dynamics, Determinants of plant community diversity and structure, 010603 evolutionary biology, Net primary production, Amazonia, Forest structure, Forest ecology, parasitic diseases, Mortality, Forest farming, Succession, Dominance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Growth response, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Forest floor, Cloud forest, geography, biomass, Above-ground productivity, 15. Life on land, Turnover, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Environmental science, Secondary forest, carbon turnover, Landsat
Abstract: Empirical evidence and modelling both suggest that global changes may lead to an increased dominance of lianas and thus to an increased prevalence of liana-infested forest formations in tropical forests. The implications for tropical forest structure and the carbon cycle remain poorly understood. We studied the ecological processes underpinning the structure and dynamics of a liana-infested forest in French Guiana, using a combination of long-term surveys (tree, liana, seedling and litterfall), soil chemical analyses and remote-sensing approaches (LiDAR and Landsat). At stand scale and for adult trees, the liana-infested forest had higher growth, recruitment and mortality rates than the neighbouring high-canopy forest. Both total seedling density and tree seedling recruitment were lower in the liana-infested forest. Stand scale above-ground biomass of the liana-infested forest was 58% lower than in the high-canopy forest. Above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) was comparable in the liana-infested and high-canopy forests. However, due to more abundant leaf production, the relative contribution of fast turnover carbon pools to ANPP was larger in the liana-infested forest and the carbon residence time was half that of the high-canopy forest. Although soils of the liana-infested forest were richer in nutrients, soil elemental ratios suggest that liana-infested forest and high-canopy forest soils both derive from the same geological substrate. The higher nutrient concentration in the liana-infested forest may therefore be the result of a release of nutrients from vegetation after a forest blowdown. Using small-footprint LiDAR campaigns, we show that the overall extent of the liana-infested forest has remained stable from 2007 to 2012 but about 10% of the forest area changed in forest cover type. Landsat optical imagery confirms the liana-infested forest presence in the landscape for at least 25 years. Synthesis. Because persistently high rates of liana infestation are maintained by the fast dynamics of the liana-infested forest, liana-infested forests here appear to be the result of an arrested tropical forest succession. If the prevalence of such arrested succession forests were to increase in the future, this would have important implications for the carbon sink potential of Amazonian forests. Because persistently high rates of liana infestation are maintained by the fast dynamics of the liana-infested forest, liana-infested forests here appear to be the result of an arrested tropical forest succession. If the prevalence of such arrested succession forests were to increase in the future, this would have important implications for the carbon sink potential of Amazonian forests. Journal of Ecology © 2016 British Ecological Society.
Published: 2016

32. Predicting alpha diversity of African rain forests: models based on climate and satellite-derived data do not perform better than a purely spatial model

Author: Duncan W. Thomas, Gilles Dauby, Edouard K. Kouassi, Ryan J. Harrigan, François N’Guessan Kouamé, Douglas Sheil, Lazare A. Kouka, Wolfgang Buermann, Terry Sunderland, Marc P. E. Parren, Frans Bongers, James A. Comiskey, Jan Reitsma, Jean-François Gillet, Simon L. Lewis, Mbatchou G. P. Tchouto, Mike D. Swaine, Bonaventure Sonké, David Kenfack, George B. Chuyong, Ingrid Parmentier, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Olivier J. Hardy, Sophie Fauset, Cyrille Chatelain, Miguel E. Leal, Adama Bakayoko, Sassan Saatchi, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Jean-Louis Doucet, Laurent Gautier, William D. Hawthorne, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Marc S.M. Sosef, Bruno Senterre, Louis Nusbaumer, Johan van Valkenburg, and Yadvinder Malhi
Subjects: Geography, Ecology, Kriging, Climatology, Biodiversity, Climate change, Alpha diversity, Rainforest, Scale (map), Spatial distribution, Spatial analysis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Our aim was to evaluate the extent to which we can predict and map tree alpha diversity across broad spatial scales either by using climate and remote sensing data or by exploiting spatial autocorrelation patterns in tropical rain forest, West Africa and Atlantic Central Africa.
Published: 2011

33. Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbon cycling

Author: Elodie Allie, José Luís Camargo, Kalle Ruokolainen, Jérôme Chave, Ana Andrade, Luzmila Arroyo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Hans ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Juliana Schietti, Adriana Prieto, Carolina Levis, Miguel Alexiades, Roderick Zagt, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Abel Monteagudo M, René G. A. Boot, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Juan Carlos Licona, Julien Engel, Raquel Thomas, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Eric Arets, Marielos Peña-Claros, Jorcely Barroso, Rafael Herrera, Joey Talbot, Michelle O. Johnson, Ben-Hur Marimon Junior, Carlos Cerón, Timothy J. Killeen, Flávia R. C. Costa, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Priscila Souza, Peter van der Hout, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, William F. Laurance, Yadvinder Malhi, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Damien Bonal, Pascal Petronelli, Sophie Fauset, John Pipoly, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Aurélie Dourdain, Bruno Hérault, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Georgia Pickavance, Victor Chama Moscoso, Adriane Esquivel Muelbert, Zorayda Restrepo, Timothy R. Baker, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Alfredo Alarcón, Paulo S. Morandi, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Marc K. Steininger, Oliver L. Phillips, Clément Stahl, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Carlos A. Quesada, Christopher Baraloto, Robyn J. Burnham, Simon L. Lewis, Manuel Gloor, Marco Bruno Xavier Valadão, Ted R. Feldpausch, Agustín Rudas, Ophelia Wang, Gerardo A. Aymard C, Terry L. Erwin, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Anthony Di Fiore, Lourens Poorter, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Marisol Toledo, Juliana Stropp, Basil Stergios, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, James A. Comiskey, Julie Peacock, Vincent A. Vos, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), University of Exeter, University of Oxford [Oxford], Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Utrecht University [Utrecht], The Field Museum, Duke University [Durham], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), James Cook University (JCU), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Turku, Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Herbario Universitario PORT, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), National Park Service, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Van Hall Larenstein University of Professional Education, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wide Fund (WWF), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Smithsonian Institution, Tropenbos International (TBI), Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Broward Co Extension Education, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidad Central del Ecuador (UCE), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Conservation International, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Jardín Botánico de Medellín, University College of London [London] (UCL), 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, 283093, ROBIN Role Of Biodiversity In climate change mitigatioN, European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), PPBio network, CNPq/PELD network, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABX-0025), ANR (TULIP: ANR-10-LABX-0041), CNPq, Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, European Project: 283080, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Florida International University (FIU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Oxford, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), and Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Production du bois, Amazonian, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Bos- en Landschapsecologie, General Physics and Astronomy, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Carbon Cycling, Amazonegebied, Climax species, espèce dominante, Biomasse, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Forêt tropicale humide, tropical forests, stockage du carbone, Multidisciplinary, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, trees, PE&RC, Wood, Physiologie végétale, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Tree, rain-forest, Écologie, productivity, F40 - Écologie végétale, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, forêt amazonienne, experimental drought, Rainforest, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Amazonia, Tropische bossen, allometry, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Croissance, Densité du peuplement, Vegetatie, Dominance, Vegetation, Forest Ecosystem, biomass, Composition botanique, Analyse de données, species composition, Carbon Storage, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Koolstof, mortality, Longévité, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, economics spectrum, Carbon, abondance spécifique, CICLO DO CARBONO, ta1181, Species richness, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Cycle du carbone, Espacement
Abstract: While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant' species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Here we ask, using a unique data set of 530 forest plots, if the functions of storing and producing woody carbon are concentrated in a small number of tree species, whether the most abundant species also dominate carbon cycling, and whether dominant species are characterized by specific functional traits. We find that dominance of forest function is even more concentrated in a few species than is dominance of tree abundance, with only ≈1% of Amazon tree species responsible for 50% of carbon storage and productivity. Although those species that contribute most to biomass and productivity are often abundant, species maximum size is also influential, while the identity and ranking of dominant species varies by function and by region., The Amazon rainforest is dominated by relatively few tree species, yet the degree to which this hyperdominance influences carbon cycling remains unknown. Here, the authors analyse 530 forest plots and show that ∼1% of species are responsible for 50% of the aboveground carbon storage and productivity.
Published: 2015

34. Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink

Author: Fredy Ramírez, Carlos A. Quesada, L da Costa, Pablo Núñez, J Teran-Aguilar, René G. A. Boot, Jorcely Barroso, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Niro Higuchi, Javier E. Silva-Espejo, Zorayda Restrepo, Euler Melo Nogueira, Carolina V. Castilho, Timothy R. Baker, Marielos Peña-Claros, David W. Galbraith, Christopher Baraloto, Roderick Zagt, Emilio Vilanova, Timothy J. Killeen, Lourens Poorter, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, E. A. de Oliveira, John Terborgh, Simon L. Lewis, Georgia Pickavance, A. Di Fiore, Damien Bonal, Bruno Hérault, Julie Peacock, Kuo-Jung Chao, Casimiro Mendoza, Vincent A. Vos, Alexander Parada, Juliana Stropp, P. van der Hout, Roel J. W. Brienen, V. Chama, James A. Comiskey, Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, Marisol Toledo, Raquel Thomas-Caesar, Ted R. Feldpausch, F. Cornejo Valverde, Olaf Bánki, Yadvinder Malhi, N. C. Pallqui Camacho, R. Vásquez Martínez, Emanuel Gloor, Helen C. Keeling, E S Grahame, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Adriana Prieto, Terry L. Erwin, Agustín Rudas, Joey Talbot, I. C. Guimarães Vieira, Natalino Silva, Ana Andrade, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Anand Roopsind, Oliver L. Phillips, W E Magnussen, William F. Laurance, Mônica Forsthofer, Sophie Fauset, E. Alvarez Dávila, Luzmila Arroyo, H. ter Steege, Nikée Groot, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Jon Lloyd, Jérôme Chave, Michael P. Schwarz, Mireia Torello-Raventos, Juan Carlos Licona, G. M. F. van der Heijden, Miguel Alexiades, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, David A. Neill, Eric Arets, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, G. Pardo-Molina, José Luís Camargo, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, E.N. Honorio Coronado, University of Leeds, Coll Life & Environm Sci, University of Exeter, Sci Technol & Med, Dept Life Sci, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Sch Marine & Trop Biol, James Cook University (JCU), Prolongac Bolognesi Mze, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, University of Oxford [Oxford], University College of London [London] (UCL), Sch Anthropol & Conservat, University of Kent [Canterbury], Serv Ecosistemicosy Cambio Climat, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Ctr Trop Conservat, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Museo Hist Nat Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Biodiversiteit Ecosyst Dynam, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Dept Biol Sci, Int Ctr Trop Bot, Florida International University (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Embrapa Roraima, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Northeast Reg Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, Madre De Dios, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Dept Anthropol, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Smithsonian Institution, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci TESS, Sch Marine & Environm Sci, Cairns, Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Manejo Forestal Tierras Trop Bolivia, Manejo Forestal de los Bosques Tropicales de Bolivia (FOMABO), Escuela Ciencias Forestales ESFOR, Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Universidad Nacioal de Amazonia Peruana, Inst Invest Desarrollo Forestal INDEFOR, Fac Cienclas Forestales & Ambientales, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota], Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Inst Ciencias Nat, Univ Nacl Colombia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Commission of the European Communities, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Ecol & Biodivers Grp, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], University of Wisconsin, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, Univ Estadual, Missouri Botanical Garden, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie] (UMSS), Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado [Bolivie], and University of Wisconsin-Madison
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], forêt tropicale, Carbon sequestration, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tropical climate, Biomasse, Dynamique des populations, Biomass, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plant Stems, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Carbon sink, food and beverages, Wood, séquestration du carbone, protection de la forêt, Carbon dioxide, Écosystème forestier, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Brazil, Carbon Sequestration, Rainforest, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Mortalité, 010603 evolutionary biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, geography, Tropical Climate, Atmosphere, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, Longévité, Carbon, K10 - Production forestière, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone
Abstract: Atmospheric carbon dioxide records indicate that the land surface has acted as a strong global carbon sink over recent decades1, 2, with a substantial fraction of this sink probably located in the tropics3, particularly in the Amazon4. Nevertheless, it is unclear how the terrestrial carbon sink will evolve as climate and atmospheric composition continue to change. Here we analyse the historical evolution of the biomass dynamics of the Amazon rainforest over three decades using a distributed network of 321 plots. While this analysis confirms that Amazon forests have acted as a long-term net biomass sink, we find a long-term decreasing trend of carbon accumulation. Rates of net increase in above-ground biomass declined by one-third during the past decade compared to the 1990s. This is a consequence of growth rate increases levelling off recently, while biomass mortality persistently increased throughout, leading to a shortening of carbon residence times. Potential drivers for the mortality increase include greater climate variability, and feedbacks of faster growth on mortality, resulting in shortened tree longevity5. The observed decline of the Amazon sink diverges markedly from the recent increase in terrestrial carbon uptake at the global scale1, 2, and is contrary to expectations based on models.
Published: 2015

35. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests

Author: Lindsay F. Banin, Georgia Pickavance, Gloria Djagbletey, Hans Beeckman, Timothy R. Baker, David Harris, Lise Zemagho, Benjamin Toirambe, James Taplin, Jon Lloyd, Hannsjorg Woell, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Murielle Simo, Jason Vleminckx, Douglas Sheil, Jean-François Bastin, Kelvin S.-H. Peh, Sophie Fauset, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Connie J. Clark, Yadvinder Malhi, Koen Hufkens, Hans Verbeeck, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Serge K. Begne, Cornielle E N Ewango, Philippe Jeanmart, Jean-Remy Makana, Dries Huygens, Elizabeth Kearsley, Terese B. Hart, Simon Willcock, Jan Reitsma, Ted R. Feldpausch, Pascal Boeckx, Murray Collins, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, Andrew R. Marshall, Jon C. Lovett, David Taylor, Jean-Louis Doucet, Kathryn J. Jeffery, John R. Poulsen, Jean François Gillet, Terry Sunderland, Joey Talbot, Ernest G. Foli, Lucas Ojo, Sean C. Thomas, Oliver L. Phillips, Hermann Taedoumg, Eric Chezeaux, Annette Hladik, Kathy Steppe, Charles De Cannière, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lee J. T. White, Vincent Droissart, Simon L. Lewis, and Thalès de Haulleville
Subjects: Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazonian, Climate, AMAZONIAN FORESTS, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Basal area, Soil, SD Forestry, Tropical climate, Biomass, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, RAIN-FOREST, Articles, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, GROWTH, SENSITIVITY, CARBON STOCKS, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, Wood density, Research Article, GE Environmental Sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Climate Change, Tree allometry, Rainforest, Biology, SPATIAL-PATTERNS, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ecology and Environment, Carbon Cycle, Congo basin, West Africa, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Precipitation, TREE ALLOMETRY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Tropical Climate, Science & Technology, Biology and Life Sciences, Forestry, 06 Biological Sciences, 15. Life on land, East Africa, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, SOILS, Africa, Soil fertility
Abstract: We report above-ground biomass (AGB), basal area, stemdensity and wood mass density estimates from 260 sample plots (mean size: 1.2 ha) in intact closed-canopy tropical forests across 12 African countries. Mean AGB is 395.7 Mg dry mass ha-1 (95% CI: 14.3), substantially higher than Amazonian values, with the Congo Basin and contiguous forest region attaining AGB values (429 Mg ha-1) similar to those of Bornean forests, and significantly greater than East or West African forests. AGB therefore appears generally higher in palaeo- comparedwithneotropical forests.However, mean stem density is low(426±11 stems ha-1 greater than or equal to 100 mm diameter) compared with both Amazonian and Bornean forests (cf. approx. 600) and is the signature structural feature of African tropical forests. While spatial autocorrelation complicates analyses, AGB shows a positive relationship with rainfall in the driest nine months of the year, and an opposite association with the wettest three months of the year; a negative relationship with temperature; positive relationship with clay-rich soils; and negative relationshipswith C:Nratio (suggesting a positive soil phosphorus- AGB relationship), and soil fertility computed as the sum of base cations. The results indicate that AGB is mediated by both climate and soils, and suggest that the AGB of African closed-canopy tropical forests may be particularly sensitive to future precipitation and temperature changes. © 2013 The Authors., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2013

36. Drought-induced shifts in the floristic and functional

Author: Sophie Fauset
Published: 2012

37. Drought-induced shifts in the floristic and functional composition of tropical forests in Ghana

Author: Keith C. Hamer, Timothy R. Baker, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Michael D. Swaine, Ted R. Feldpausch, Sophie Fauset, Simon L. Lewis, and Ernest G. Foli
Subjects: Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, Biomass (ecology), Tropical Climate, Ecology, fungi, Biodiversity, food and beverages, Rainforest, Flowers, Evergreen, Adaptation, Physiological, Ghana, Droughts, Trees, Deciduous, Tropical climate, Environmental science, Secondary forest, Biomass, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The future of tropical forests under global environmental change is uncertain, with biodiversity and carbon stocks at risk if precipitation regimes alter. Here, we assess changes in plant functional composition and biomass in 19 plots from a variety of forest types during two decades of long-term drought in Ghana. We find a consistent increase in dry forest, deciduous, canopy species with intermediate light demand and a concomitant decrease in wet forest, evergreen, sub-canopy and shade-tolerant species. These changes in composition are accompanied by an increase in above-ground biomass. Our results indicate that by altering composition in favour of drought-tolerant species, the biomass stocks of these forests may be more resilient to longer term drought than short-term studies of severe individual droughts suggest.
Published: 2012

38. Variation in stem mortality rates determines patterns of above-ground biomass in Amazonian forests: implications for dynamic global vegetation models

Author: Thomas E. Lovejoy, Hans ter Steege, Casimiro Mendoza, Paul R. Moorcroft, Patrick Meir, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Leandro Valle Ferreira, José Luís Camargo, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Niro Higuchi, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Gabriela Lopez Gonzalez, Bart Kruijt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Timothy J. Killeen, Eric Arets, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Marielos Peña-Claros, Susan G. Laurance, Marcos Silveira, Philippe Ciais, Manuel Gloor, Matthieu Guimberteau, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Damien Bonal, Agustín Rudas, Euridice Honorio, Anja Rammig, Juan Carlos Licona, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Antonio Carlos Lola da Costa, Gerardo Aymard, Oliver L. Phillips, Emilio Vilanova, Bia Marimon, Carlos A. Quesada, Lourens Poorter, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, John Terborgh, Anthony Di Fiore, Hannes De Deurwaerder, Jérôme Chave, Jocely Barroso, Guido Pardo, Vincent A. Vos, Marisol Toledo, Christopher Baraloto, Juliana Stropp, Álvaro Cogollo, Roel J. W. Brienen, Darley C.L. Matos, Michelle O. Johnson, Yadvinder Malhi, Ke Zhang, Kirsten Thonicke, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Abel Monteagudo, Luzmila Arroyo, Adriana Prieto, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Timothy R. Baker, Hans Verbeeck, Gilvan Sampaio, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, William F. Laurance, René G. A. Boot, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Sophie Fauset, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Celso von Randow, Rodolfo Vasquez, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Missouri Botanical Garden, Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], Research School of Biology, Australian National University (ANU), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), Fundación Con-Vida, Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno, Programa Cienclas Agro & Mar, UNELLEZ Guanare, Herbario Universitario PORT, Department of Biological Sciences [Miami], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Tropenbos International (TBI), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Jardín Botánico de Medellín, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program [Madre de Dios], Centro de Geociencias, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Dpt of Anthropology [Austin], University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), World Wide Fund (WWF), Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), James Cook University (JCU), Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Escuela de Ciencias Forestales (ESFOR), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonía, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Center for Tropical Conservation, Duke University [Durham], Doctorado Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, Museu Universitário, Institute of Biological Sciences, Medical and Health, Universidade Paranaense, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Centro de Investigación y Promoción del Campesinado, regional Norte Amazónico, 282664, AMAZALERT Raising the alert about critical feedbacks between climate and long-term land use change in the Amazon, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, ERC, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grant 'AMAZONICA' NE/F005806/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'TROBIT' NE/D005590/1, Consortium and Standard Grant 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' NE/I028122/1, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecologicas de Longa Duracao PELD-403725/2012-7, Helmholtz Alliance 'Remote Sensing and Earth System Dynamics', EU FP7 project 'ROBIN' 283093, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs KB-14-003-030, US DOE (BER) NGEE-Tropics project, ERC Advanced Grant, Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award, ARC FT110100457, NERC NE/J011002/1, Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship, European Project: 283080,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,GEOCARBON(2011), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), University of Oxford, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Florida International University (FIU), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, TREE MORTALITY, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Aboveground Biomass, Trees, Ecosystem model, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Primary Research Article, Biomass, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Vegetation, Net Primary Production, Dynamic global vegetation model, PE&RC, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Tree, tropical forest, productivity, DROUGHT SENSITIVITY, dynamic global vegetation model, Stem, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon Cycle, forest plots, TROPICAL RAIN-FORESTS, Amazonia, allometry, Environmental Chemistry, Tropical Forest, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Forest, Mortality, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Tropical Climate, WIMEK, Forest Ecosystem, EARTH SYSTEM, carbon, Theoretical Model, Primary production, 15. Life on land, South America, Models, Theoretical, Primary Research Articles, CARBON BALANCE, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, WOOD PRODUCTIVITY, Climate Resilience, 13. Climate action, Klimaatbestendigheid, Growth, Development And Aging, Earth and Environmental Sciences, WATER-BALANCE, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, cavelab, Spatial variability, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ECOSYSTEM MODEL
Abstract: Understanding the processes that determine above-ground biomass (AGB) in Amazonian forests is important for predicting the sensitivity of these ecosystems to environmental change and for designing and evaluating dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). AGB is determined by inputs from woody productivity [woody net primary productivity (NPP)] and the rate at which carbon is lost through tree mortality. Here, we test whether two direct metrics of tree mortality (the absolute rate of woody biomass loss and the rate of stem mortality) and/or woody NPP, control variation in AGB among 167 plots in intact forest across Amazonia. We then compare these relationships and the observed variation in AGB and woody NPP with the predictions of four DGVMs. The observations show that stem mortality rates, rather than absolute rates of woody biomass loss, are the most important predictor of AGB, which is consistent with the importance of stand size structure for determining spatial variation in AGB. The relationship between stem mortality rates and AGB varies among different regions of Amazonia, indicating that variation in wood density and height/diameter relationships also influences AGB. In contrast to previous findings, we find that woody NPP is not correlated with stem mortality rates and is weakly positively correlated with AGB. Across the four models, basin-wide average AGB is similar to the mean of the observations. However, the models consistently overestimate woody NPP and poorly represent the spatial patterns of both AGB and woody NPP estimated using plot data. In marked contrast to the observations, DGVMs typically show strong positive relationships between woody NPP and AGB. Resolving these differences will require incorporating forest size structure, mechanistic models of stem mortality and variation in functional composition in DGVMs. © 2016 The Authors. Global Change Biology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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