Author: "Soon-Gul Lee" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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156 results on '"Soon-Gul Lee"'

1. Construction of controlled-NOT gate based on microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate in two transmon system

Author: Taewan Noh, Gwanyeol Park, Soon-Gul Lee, Woon Song, and Yonuk Chong
Subjects: CNOT Gate, Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Hyperbolic Secant Pulse, Transmon Qubit, Process Fidelity, Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract We experimentally constructed an all-microwave scheme for the controlled-NOT (cNOT) gate between two superconducting transmon qubits in a three dimensional cavity. Our cNOT gate is based on the microwave-activated phase (MAP) gate, which requires an additional procedure to compensate the accumulated phases during the operation of the MAP gate. We applied Z-axis phase gates using microwave hyperbolic secant pulse on both qubits with adequate rotation angles systematically calibrated by separate measurements. We evaluated the gate performance of the constructed cNOT gate by performing two-qubit quantum process tomography (QPT). Finally, we present the experimental implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm using the cNOT gate.
Published: 2018
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2. Observation of a Strongly Enhanced Relaxation Time of an In-situ Tunable Transmon on a Silicon Substrate up to the Purcell Limit Approaching 100 μs

Author: Yonuk Chong, Soon-Gul Lee, Gahyun Choi, Kwan-Woo Lee, Gwanyeol Park, Jisoo Choi, Jiman Choi, and Woon Song
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Coherence time, Photon, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Transmon, Purcell effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Quantum state, Qubit, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum computer
Abstract: The remarkable advances of quantum computation technology with superconducting qubits based on circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture have been achieved by improving control, protection and measurement of the quantum states at the same time. At the heart of all these quantum operations, the significant enhancement of the qubit coherence time during the last decades was the key. Even after all these advances, the coherence and relaxation time of superconducting qubits still requires further improvements toward fault-tolerant quantum computation. Here, we report our observation of a strongly enhanced lifetime of an in-situ tunable superconducting transmon qubit on a silicon substrate that is embedded in a three-dimensional copper cavity. We measured a lifetime of the qubit of up to 84 µs, which is the best reported value of an in-situ tunable transmon on a silicon substrate. In our experiment, the in-situ frequency tunability over a broad range enabled the Purcell factor to be controlled continuously by detuning the qubit frequency against the resonator frequency in the strong dispersive regime. The silicon substrate has its own importance because the substrate should be fully compatible with the conventional semiconductor processes so that scalability and multi-chip module capability are guaranteed. In order to control the Purcell factor with another parameter, we displaced the qubit position in the cavity and observed a longer relaxation time with a smaller coupling coefficient. We believe that this systematic study and the control technique of the Purcell effect in the circuit QED design, together with minimizing the microwave photon loss through an improvement of the fabrication, will contribute to the realization of a practical large-scale quantum computer based on superconducting qubit technology.
Published: 2020
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3. A Full-Tensor Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer System Composed of Levitation-Type Accelerometers

Author: Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Superconductivity, Gravity (chemistry), Acoustics, Physics::Medical Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Accelerometer, 01 natural sciences, Gradiometer, law.invention, SQUID, Electromagnetic coil, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Levitation, Tensor, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: In this paper, a superconducting gravity gradiometer system that is designed to measure full-tensor gravity gradients based on levitation-type component accelerometers without using mechanical springs is presented. All components of the gradiometer system are made of a superconducting material, niobium. Working principles are the flux quantization and the perfect diamagnetism of the superconductor. Each component of the gravity gradient tensor is obtained from the differential gravity measured by using two accelerometers, each of which is composed of a cubic test mass, a flat sensing coil, and a flat counter coil to balance the repulsive force of the sensing coil and ambient gravity. The measured signals are amplified by using superconducting quantum interference devices. The full-tensor gradiometer system consists of three perpendicularly aligned sets of gradiometers, each of which measures one diagonal and two off-diagonal components. The details of the structure of the system, the dynamics of the gradiometer, the transfer function, the common mode rejection, and the optimum conditions are discussed.
Published: 2019
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4. Critical properties of submicrometer-patterned Nb thin film

Author: Yun Won Kim, Yung Ho Kahng, Jae-Hyuk Choi, and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Niobium -- Magnetic properties, Niobium -- Electric properties, Niobium -- Mechanical properties, Superconducting magnets -- Mechanical properties, Tin alloys -- Magnetic properties, Tin alloys -- Electric properties, Tin alloys -- Mechanical properties, Neutrons -- Diffraction, Neutrons -- Usage, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published: 2009

5. Control schemes of quantum-based pico-Newton force measurement

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Yun Won Kim, Jae-Hyuk Choi, and Min Young Kim
Subjects: Magnetic fields -- Analysis, Magnetic flux -- Measurement, Superconductive devices -- Design and construction, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published: 2009

6. Measurement of $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$ normalised multi-differential cross sections in $${\text {p}}{\text {p}} $$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,{\text {TeV}} $$, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Author: Gabriella Pugliese, I. Van Parijs, Pieter David, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Kevin Lannon, G. Della Ricca, Maryam Zeinali, Patrick Jarry, Benjamin Charles Radburn-Smith, Livio Fanò, B. Stieger, Sabino Meola, Roberto Covarelli, Sergio Cittolin, Kenyi Hurtado Anampa, Guenakh Mitselmakher, S. Zahid, S. Orfanelli, Kevin Nash, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, Jared Sturdy, Kaya Tatar, A. Bornheim, Peisen Ma, Sandra S. Padula, Yiwen Wen, Paolo Vitulo, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, A. Di Crescenzo, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, W. Da Silva, Jordan Damgov, D. Di Croce, A. Giassi, Y. C. Yang, Peter Hansen, Kisung Lee, Basile Vermassen, K. Wong, Kyungwook Nam, Vukasin Milosevic, Nikkie Deelen, E. M. Da Costa, William J Spalding, Jay Roberts, Stefano Bianco, Brandon Chiarito, H. S. Chen, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, Serdal Damarseckin, Lalit Mohan Pant, Abdollah Mohammadi, Bobak Hashemi, Tom Cornelis, Julie Malcles, D. Spiga, Jay Mathew Lawhorn, Claude Amsler, Laurent Favart, Prakash Thapa, A. Rinkevicius, Olivier Davignon, Dmitri Konstantinov, Javier Martin Blanco, A. P. Singh, Yuri Gershtein, G. G. Da Silveira, Cristina Riccardi, Francois Lagarde, Gobinda Majumder, V. Lemaitre, Cristian Pena, Thomas Reis, Shivali Malhotra, A. Zucchetta, Felicitas Pauss, Tanmay Mudholkar, Ennio Monteil, Aldo Penzo, Nicolas Tonon, Boris Grynyov, Shengquan Tuo, Abhigyan Dasgupta, Zviad Tsamalaidze, Nikolai Skatchkov, Louis Antonelli, N. Zaganidis, Robert Hirosky, Martin Lipinski, Viatcheslav Stolin, Frank Würthwein, Francisco Yumiceva, Ritva Kinnunen, Celso Martinez Rivero, P. C. Tiwari, Gregor Kasieczka, Marco Meschini, A. Whitbeck, John J. Leonard, Jordi Duarte Campderros, Manas Maity, Petar Maksimovic, Thorsten Chwalek, Cecilia Elena Gerber, P. Das, Diego Beghin, Gian Michele Innocenti, I. Babounikau, A. Ranieri, Livia Soffi, R. B. Garg, Christopher Seez, Andrea García Alonso, Ada Solano, Alexi Mestvirishvili, Ulrich Goerlach, Angira Rastogi, Jane Nachtman, Y. Chao, Lesya Shchutska, Andrea Massironi, Matteo Cremonesi, Sergio F Novaes, Samet Lezki, Joze Zobec, Morgan Lethuillier, Yasar Onel, Piotr Traczyk, Steve Nahn, Rishi Patel, Candan Isik, L. Silvestris, M. A. B. Ali, Geng-Yuan Jeng, Austin Baty, Paolo Capiluppi, James Rohlf, Carlos Avila, Sergei Bitioukov, Markéta Jansová, Francesco Navarria, Juozas Vaitkus, Malte Backhaus, Jose F Benitez, Samuel Higginbotham, Nicholas Wardle, Tao Huang, N. Tosi, Isa Dumanoglu, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Alan Campbell, P. G. Verdini, Nitish Dhingra, S. Fiorendi, Ejt Manganote, Samuel Bein, Ricardo Eusebi, Paolo Giacomelli, Stephan Linn, Yu S. S., Marguerite Tonjes, Christopher George Tully, Has Ibarguen, Ignacio Redondo, Yurii Maravin, Alexander Belyaev, Dimitri Bourilkov, A. De Cosa, Hannes Sakulin, Tilman Rohe, Samila Muthumuni, E. Tarkovskii, Maciej Misiura, Hongfang Liu, G. Maggi, L. Viliani, Marius Preuten, John N. Wood, Daniel Spitzbart, David Mark Raymond, Olivier Bondu, E. O. Olaiya, Christophe Delaere, Alex Kamenev, Victor Kim, Willem Verbeke, Armando Lanaro, Sara Nabili, Gilvan Alves, P. M. R. del Arbol, Irene Bachiller, Cristina Biino, Ivan Mikulec, Francesco Micheli, Gul Gokbulut, Wenxing Fang, Geoffrey Hall, William Mcbrayer, G. N. Kim, Indara Suarez, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Claudio Campagnari, Teppo Mäenpää, R. Mankel, Wolfgang Lohmann, Sanjay Padhi, Maciej Górski, Nils Faltermann, Duong Nguyen, Vladimir Gavrilov, H. Sert, Vladyslav Danilov, Hongbo Liao, Aleko Khukhunaishvili, Nabin Poudyal, Sharon Hagopian, Ralf Ulrich, Juliette Alimena, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, J. G. Li, MV Marono, Roberto Rossin, Siew Yan Hoh, Alexander Ershov, Andreas Psallidas, Jian Wang, S. W. Cho, Viktor Veszpremi, Sonaina Undleeb, F. Santanastasio, Filip Moortgat, J. D. T. Takaki, Konstantinos Kousouris, Arne Reimers, Joshua Bendavid, Nicanor Colino, Ketino Kaadze, Christian Contreras-Campana, E. W. Vaandering, André Holzner, Santeri Laurila, Faridah Mohamad Idris, Raúl Iraq Rabadán-Trejo, Alexander Schmidt, Nadir Daci, David Sheffield, Vincenzo Innocente, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Efstathios Paganis, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, K. W. Bell, Nataliia Kovalchuk, Suneel Dutt, Roberto Dell'Orso, Jesus Puerta Pelayo, J. W. Gary, Virgil E Barnes, Andrzej Novak, Sergey Troshin, Shabnam Jabeen, Thomas Reitenspiess, M. Bluj, David D'Enterria, B. R. Yates, Laura Dodd, Andrew Levin, C. Madrid, Daniel Bloch, Vivek Sharma, Anna Teresa Meneguzzo, Salvador Carrillo Moreno, Edgar Carrera Jarrin, Giuseppe Benedetto Cerati, Yen-Jie Lee, Stavros Mallios, Johannes Wittmann, James D. Olsen, Doga Gulhan, Louis Lyons, N. V. Krasnikov, Jaana Kristiina Heikkilä, Hugues Lattaud, Helio Nogima, Dhanush Anil Hangal, W. H. Smith, Alberto Orso Maria Iorio, Felice Pantaleo, Chanwook Hwang, Giovanni Petrucciani, Apichart Hortiangtham, M. G. Albrow, J. S. Lange, David Petyt, W. Van Doninck, Christina Reissel, Ryan Mueller, Hans Rykaczewski, Troy Mulholland, Yu G. B., James Castle, Seungkyu Ha, Daniele Fasanella, D. Green, Zhiming Wang, Torben Dreyer, Nikolay Tyurin, Panagiotis Kokkas, S. K. Pflitsch, Niels Dupont, Roumyana Hadjiiska, Igor Smirnov, C. Neu, Thong Nguyen, David Overton, Sang Il Pak, Roberto Sacchi, Patricia Rebello Teles, Vytautas Dudenas, Kerstin Hoepfner, R. Bhattacharya, Douglas Wright, Giacomo Fedi, Giles Strong, P. Van Hove, Alice Cocoros, Savvas Kyriacou, Denis Rathjens, Clemencia Mora Herrera, Panagiotis Katsoulis, F. T. D. S. De Araujo, R. M. Brown, Hannes Jung, Mark Saunders, O. Zenaiev, Martijn Mulders, Davide Zuolo, Marek Gruchala, Kevin Mcdermott, Dmytro Kovalskyi, V. Kutzner, Ali Harb, Frank Jm Geurts, Smarajit Karmakar, Lieselotte Moreels, Anton Stepennov, Ashley Parker, Mauro Donegà, Igor Bayshev, H. Keller, Stephen Mrenna, Denys Lontkovskyi, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, L. V. Kardapoltsev, Amitabh Lath, Simon Kudella, Cameron Bravo, Y. J. Mao, Chiara Mariotti, Houmani El Mamouni, Marco Monteno, Ohannes Kamer Köseyan, TT de Fatis, Alexander Dierlamm, Alessio Ghezzi, Johannes Haller, Christian Schomakers, A. Rose, S. Kaur, A. Bragagnolo, Weinan Si, Robert M Harris, Elliot Hughes, Jeremy Mans, Andrew Buccilli, Charles C. Richardson, James Bowen, Sergei Gleyzer, Ana Ovcharova, J. K. Lim, W. Ko, D. H. Miller, Mikhail Kirsanov, G. Iaselli, R. Cousins, M. A. Wadud, Giorgio Apollinari, Ulf Behrens, M. A. Shah, Tejinder Virdee, M. Jones, Camilla Galloni, M. Khakzad, Zhengcheng Tao, Gy L. Bencze, J. M. Hernandez, Edward Laird, Aurore Savoy-Navarro, Luca Mastrolorenzo, Vieri Candelise, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, Gage Dezoort, D. E. Pellett, Konstantinos Theofilatos, Seth Conrad Zenz, Andrew Godshalk, Vincenzo Daponte, Daniele Marconi, Ted Kolberg, Muhammad Shoaib, Claude Charlot, Julia Thom, Finn Rebassoo, Juan Manuel Grados Luyando, Filippo Errico, Deepak Kumar Sahoo, F. Simonetto, Jean-Louis Faure, Philipp Millet, Vadim Oreshkin, Afiq Aizuddin Bin Anuar, Alexandre Zabi, Pedro José Fernández Manteca, Song-Ming Wang, Charles Mueller, Benjamin Mesic, Kamal Lamichhane, Mary Hadley, Martino Margoni, Sergio P Ratti, C. Barth, Andrius Juodagalvis, Volker Blobel, S. Choi, Michal Szleper, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, Frank Chlebana, Sandor Czellar, Joshua Hardenbrook, A. Toropin, Kuntal Mondal, Giovanni Organtini, P. Kontaxakis, Manuel Giffels, Morgan Martin, Jian Sun, Kirika Uchida, Brian Francis, P. Van Mechelen, A. Muhammad, Teruki Kamon, Soon Gul Lee, James Buchanan, Maxim Pieters, A. Di Francesco, Alessio Boletti, Jie Zhang, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Ulrich Heintz, M. Kovac, Bjorn Burkle, P. Major, Alessia Saggio, Erhan Gülmez, Kaori Maeshima, Martin Erdmann, Piet Verwilligen, Pavel Bunin, Stefan Spanier, Andreas Hinzmann, Jpf Ramos, Boaz Klima, J. S. Kim, Michael Tytgat, David Lange, Brian Dorney, Robin Erbacher, Cristina Oropeza Barrera, Senta Greene, Artur Kalinowski, Viktor Savrin, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, Tanvi Wamorkar, Marco Zanetti, U. Bhawandeep, Guo-Ming Chen, Menglei Sun, A. Apyan, Arabella Martelli, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso, Mario Galanti, David Jonathan Hofman, Zoltan Szillasi, Paolo Checchia, A. Terkulov, John Almond, Shubham Pandey, Wei Shi, Andrew Beretvas, Otto Hindrichs, S. Mitra, Aashaq Shah, O. Rieger, Thomas Klijnsma, Mikhail Gavrilenko, W. S. Hou, Nadezda Chernyavskaya, Reddy Pratap Gandrajula, S. Bheesette, Andrey Uzunian, Neeti Parashar, Candan Dozen, Muhammad Ahmad, Suman Bala Beri, Helena Bialkowska, Andrew Wisecarver, W. T. Hung, P. Gras, Alexey Baskakov, C. West, W. Ji, Claudio Quaranta, Giuseppe Barbagli, Marcin Konecki, Artur Lobanov, Fabio Ravera, Maren Tabea Meinhard, Michael Wayne Arenton, Kerstin Borras, Simone Pigazzini, Sean Kalafut, Manfred Paulini, Pierluigi Bortignon, J. S. H. Lee, Tae Jeong Kim, Michael Murray, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Kunal Kothekar, Dong-Chul Son, R. Yohay, Nur Zulaiha Jomhari, Klaus Rabbertz, Sebastiano Albergo, Lindsey Gray, Vivian O'Dell, Juska Pekkanen, Stephen Sanders, J. Rander, Joosep Pata, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, Francesca Cavallari, Alberto Belloni, Igor Lokhtin, Myriam Schönenberger, Marco Alexander Harrendorf, Dmitry Philippov, Andrew Hart, Demetrios Loukas, Erik Butz, Jan Kieseler, Georg Auzinger, Antonio Morelos Pineda, Giulia Negro, Harvey B Newman, Jeffrey Berryhill, S. Slabospitskii, James Keaveney, Patricia McBride, Krzysztof Doroba, Dylan Rankin, Andrew Brinkerhoff, Thomas Ferguson, Jose Flix, Sadia Khalil, Stefan Grünendahl, Didier Contardo, E. Voevodina, James John Brooke, Cédric Prieels, Nathaniel Pastika, Christopher Palmer, Melike Akbiyik, Alice Bean, Kyle Tos, Antonio Delgado Peris, Amedeo Staiano, Robert Schöfbeck, Ioannis Evangelou, C. K. Mackay, Ugo Gasparini, Veikko Karimäki, Nikola Godinovic, Hualin Mei, Lisa Borgonovi, Ernesto Migliore, Hans-Jürgen Simonis, Todd Adams, Andrew Wightman, Nazar Bartosik, Enrique Palencia Cortezon, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Gabriel Madigan, Philip Harris, Noemi Beni, K. S. Lee, D. Krücker, Fábio Lúcio Alves, Efe Yazgan, Luciano Orsini, Luca Pacher, Stefano Belforte, Jan Eysermans, A. Venturi, Massimo Casarsa, Manuel Alejandro Segura Delgado, E. A. Yetkin, Ugur Kiminsu, P. Janot, Dario Soldi, Tobias Pook, Liliana Teodorescu, Jay Hauser, Matti J Kortelainen, Shervin Nourbakhsh, Wit Busza, Vyacheslav Valuev, Thomas Bergauer, Cheng-Chieh Peng, Rostyslav Shevchenko, Zachary Lesko, J. Seixas, Merve Ince, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Marvin Johnson, N. Woods, Sertac Ozturk, V. Veckalns, M. Della Negra, Javier Fernandez Menendez, Michael Planer, Maria Isabel Josa, P. Busson, Aaron Bundock, Katerina Lipka, Nicholas Eminizer, Daniele Pedrini, Abideh Jafari, Daniele Ruini, Alice Magnani, Altan Cakir, Paolo Meridiani, Aron Soha, Simon Kurz, A. Bat, Rogelio Reyes-Almanza, Nathan Mirman, Mia Tosi, L. Romero, Prashant Shukla, Martina Ressegotti, P. Schütze, Oleksii Turkot, J. R. G. Fernandez, P. Volkov, André Rosowsky, Andrew Ivanov, Benedikt Maier, Giacomo Bruno, Michele Selvaggi, E. Locci, Allison Reinsvold, Martin Kirakosyan, Tomas Hreus, Martti Raidal, O. Behnke, Gulsen Onengut, Viktor Matveev, Georgios Bakas, Clément Leloup, Konrad Deiters, Damir Lelas, Nabarun Dev, Johan Borg, S. Jain, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Antonis Agapitos, O. Buchmuller, Andrés G Delannoy, Christopher Hill, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Pascal Vanlaer, Luciano Barone, F. Palla, Etiennette Auffray, Richard Breedon, Vasken Hagopian, G. M. Dallavalle, Michail Bachtis, Maurizio Biasini, Sergei Baidali, Bhargav Madhusudan Joshi, Dooyeon Gyun, Thi Hien Doan, Pamela Klabbers, Daniel Denegri, A. B. Meyer, Constantin Heidegger, R. Del Burgo, Vladimir Mossolov, Z. Zhang, Burin Asavapibhop, Giuseppe Fasanella, Sung Keun Park, Burak Bilki, M. Weber, Vladimir Andreev, Aruna Nayak, Nicolò Trevisani, G. B. Mohanty, H. Lee, GH de Monchenault, T. Boccali, Lfc Sierra, Gervasio Gomez, Elizabeth Starling, Nan Lu, Bugra Bilin, René Caspart, Gianluca Cerminara, Elisabetta Manca, Kati Lassila-Perini, Damir Devetak, Michele Bianco, M. Tadel, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, Eva Halkiadakis, A. Nikitenko, Isidro Gonzalez Caballero, M. A. Bhat, C. S. Moon, Silvia Goy Lopez, Zoltan Gecse, Matteo Presilla, Zeynep Demiragli, Marina Kolosova, W. E. Johns, Mariana Shopova, Yalcin Guler, Eric Christian Chabert, Frank Glege, K. Vellidis, Hartmut Stadie, Brian L Winer, L. S. Durkin, Souvik Das, Dajeong Jeon, Jasvinder A. Singh, Lorenzo Russo, Marc Dobson, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, Marta Felcini, Elizabeth Sexton-Kennedy, Clemens Lange, K. Sandeep, Prasant Kumar Rout, Nikitas Loukas, Matthias Wolf, Paolo Ronchese, Badder Marzocchi, Sanjay Kumar Swain, Marc M Baarmand, Daniel Salerno, Javier Duarte, Duncan Carlsmith, Márton Bartók, Y. F. Liu, Sarmad Masood Shaheen, Christoph Grab, Xuejun Wang, Marius Teroerde, Santiago Folgueras, George Alverson, X. Y. Gao, Roman Kogler, Satoshi Hasegawa, Benjamin Kreis, A. Bodek, Y. Skovpen, Oleksii Toldaiev, Mark Pesaresi, Riccardo Paramatti, Andrea Giammanco, Priyanka Kumari, Sean Flowers, Sandeep Bhowmik, Thiago Tomei, M. Rahmani, Natalia Lychkovskaya, Dipanwita Dutta, Meena Meena, Roger Wolf, Alexei Safonov, Heiner Tholen, S. Shmatov, Daniele Trocino, Silvia Maselli, Lev Dudko, Jeremy Andrea, A. Stahl, Sunil Bansal, Kenichi Hatakeyama, Natascha Krammer, Dong Ho Moon, Adam Elwood, Mani Tripathi, Rachel Bartek, A. Scribano, Marco Peruzzi, Usama Hussain, Owen Rosser Long, Timo Peltola, Shirin Chenarani, Joseph Heideman, James Bueghly, Matthew Nguyen, Marta Verweij, Hong Ni, Sebastian Thüer, S. J. Qian, Nicholas Smith, Petra Merkel, M. A. Mahmoud, Jingzhou Zhao, Rohan Bhandari, Vinay Hegde, David Zou, Andrey Korytov, P. Chang, D. Tsitsonis, Jorge Chaves, Si Xie, Pedro G Mercadante, Eduardo De Moraes Gregores, Jozsef Molnar, Valerio Re, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, Ashfaq Ahmad, Michael Krohn, Jeremie Alexandre Merlin, Piotr Zalewski, Xinmei Niu, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Vitaly Smirnov, Jamal Rorie, Robert Stone, Jason Gilmore, Marco Paganoni, Henning Kirschenmann, Th. Müller, Don Lincoln, S. Sarkar, G. Zumerle, P. De CastroManzano, Lu R. S., Stephane Perries, T. A. GomezEspinosa, Carsten Heidemann, Costas Foudas, Jan Krolikowski, Luiz Mundim, C.-E. Wulz, Y. Ban, Michael Schmitt, P. E. Karchin, M. I. Nagy, Carlo Rovelli, Silvio Donato, W. T. Ford, Umberto Dosselli, M. Gola, Giacomo Ortona, J. Taylor, Riccardo Salvatico, Maurizio Pierini, Andrea Perrotta, Jose Monroy, Fuqiang Wang, Diego Matos Figueiredo, F. Gasparini, Justin Pilot, C. De OliveiraMartins, Markus Seidel, Petr Moisenz, David Ja Cockerill, Wolfgang Lange, Gianni Masetti, Erik Gottschalk, Vipin Bhatnagar, T. Liu, Jean-Charles Fontaine, Sami Lehti, Janos Erö, Warren Clarida, Dana Z. Anderson, Cesare Calabria, M. Csanad, Adish Vartak, Nicola Amapane, Georgia Karapostoli, David Cussans, Min-Hye Kim, A. C. Hernandez, Anton Dimitrov, David Bertsche, Raffaella Radogna, Valentina Mariani, Josef Hrubec, E. A. De Wolf, Salim Cerci, Ezio Torassa, Harry Cheung, Andrew Johnson, Ian Laflotte, C. Mills, Andreas Nowack, Vineet Kumar, Li Yuan, Andrea Gozzelino, I. De Bruyn, Reza Goldouzian, Mohd Nizam Yusli, W. De Boer, Jory Sonneveld, Hafeez R Hoorani, Ece Aşılar, K. F. Chen, Ilaria Vai, H. A. Weber, Gabriele Benelli, Peter Schleper, Dragos Velicanu, Qamar Hassan, Nuno Leonardo, A. Messineo, Zhen Hu, Zoltan Laszlo Trocsanyi, J. Conway, D. Del Re, Andrea Delgado, Jean-Baptiste Sauvan, Gigi Rolandi, Ashutosh Bhardwaj, M. C. De La Barca Sanchez, Duncan Leggat, Pedro Silva, I. R. Tomalin, S. Kaplan, Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Devdatta Majumder, Marco Verzocchi, Joscha Knolle, A. Triossi, Regina Demina, Vladimir Cherepanov, T. W. Wang, Dominique Gigi, Reyer Band, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Hasan Ogul, Julia Velkovska, Daniel John Karmgard, Manfred Jeitler, Sudha Ahuja, S. M. A. G. Shirazi, A. Kumar, Guillaume Bourgatte, Pushpalatha C Bhat, Halil Saka, Pietro Govoni, K. Wichmann, P. Kyberd, Renato Potenza, Pierluigi Zotto, Hwi Dong Yoo, Andrey Popov, Koushik Mandal, M. R. Adams, Giuseppe Codispoti, Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi, L. J. Gutay, David Curry, M. Guchait, Robert Bainbridge, Fanbo Meng, Jhovanny Mejia Guisao, Caroline Collard, Ivan Shvetsov, S. Nuzzo, Igor Golutvin, Mircho Rodozov, S. Afanasiev, P. D. Dauncey, A. Castro, Anna Woodard, Petr Levchenko, Marco Costa, Nikolai Golubev, Patrizia Barria, Owen Baron, Vivekanand Jha, Steve Schnetzer, Saranya Ghosh, F. De Guio, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Klaas Padeken, Alessandro Braghieri, Johannes Schulz, G. Tsipolitis, Somnath Choudhury, Juan Garcia-Ferrero, Alexei Raspereza, Pierluigi Paolucci, Thomas Schuh, Renato Campanini, Stefano Argiro, Gregory Rakness, C. Paus, Andrei Sobol, H. Bakhshiansohi, Gabriella Pasztor, D. R. Claes, Marcel Rieger, Anders Ryd, Gavin Davies, James Strait, Satyaki Chowdhury, Paul Baillon, A. P. C. Yzquierdo, Artur Apresyan, A. C. A. De Oliveira, Daniele Bonacorsi, Nicholas Haubrich, Wolfgang Funk, Sergey Vavilov, Aleksandr Iuzhakov, Yuta Takahashi, James Hirschauer, Ulascan Sarica, Christopher Brainerd, N. Raicevic, Lei Feng, L. Malgeri, Kamuran Dilsiz, Seema Bahinipati, Paolo Rumerio, Michael Reichmann, Lorenzo Uplegger, J. De Clercq, Sioni Summers, Mikko Voutilainen, Sumit Keshri, D. Horvath, Christian Autermann, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, Mohsen Naseri, S. Di Guida, Guenter Eckerlin, Marc Besancon, Dinyar Rabady, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Giorgia Rauco, Anton Babaev, Jennifer Ngadiuba, Armen Tumasyan, Nicola Bacchetta, Paula Eerola, Kenneth Bloom, Thomas Perry, M. De Mattia, M. Bharti, Dong Yu, Malgorzata Kazana, Sourabh Dube, Tielige Mengke, Attila Racz, Roberta Arcidiacono, Christian Schnaible, Jonathan Fulcher, Anatoli Pashenkov, Avto Kharchilava, Mikhail Ignatenko, Jelena Luetic, Tapio Lampén, Matthieu Marionneau, Mehmet Zeyrek, R. Loveless, Alessio Magitteri, M. Weinberg, Zhenbin Wu, Korbinian Schweiger, Anna Kropivnitskaya, P. de Barbaro, Bhawna Gomber, Kelly Beernaert, F. Zhang, Carlos Lourenco, Alexander Nehrkorn, Francesco Fienga, Andrzej Pyskir, Manoj Sharan, Igor Katkov, Byung-Sik Hong, Arsen Khvedelidze, R. 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H., Andreas Werner Jung, Chandiprasad Kar, Shuichi Kunori, A. Zhokin, Anadi Canepa, P. Elmer, Dario Menasce, A. Steen, Ferdos Rezaei Hosseinabadi, Günther Dissertori, Yi Chen, Teresa Lenz, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Eric Conte, Debabrata Bhowmik, Adrian Perieanu, A. Meyer, Russell Richard Betts, Laurent Mirabito, Steven Lowette, David Barney, Aleksandra Lelek, Stephanie Beauceron, Joshua Kunkle, Ulrich Husemann, Valentina Sola, Fabio Monti, S. Bhattacharya, Sudhir Malik, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Conor Henderson, Prasenjit Mal, Christina Snyder, Konstantin Matchev, E. Ayala, J. J. Hollar, Jean-Marie Brom, Xavier Coubez, Fabrice Couderc, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, Jasper Lauwers, Marco Trovato, Sébastien Viret, Wajid Ali Khan, Inna Kucher, B. Ujvari, Matej Roguljic, Ping Tan, Egidio Longo, Francesca Ricci-Tam, Ivan Marchesini, Mohsan Waseem Ather, Anna Stakia, Sébastien Wertz, Salvatore Rappoccio, G. Vesztergombi, L. 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Andreev, Markus Klute, Joel Goldstein, Luciano Ristori, Milena Misheva, Luigi Calligaris, Kevin Pedro, Silvano Tosi, Ryan Heller, Maxime Guilbaud, Daniel Treille, Kelvin Mei, S. R. Dugad, German Martinez, T. Susa, Giannis Flouris, Cristina Botta, G. Quast, Dario Bisello, Pascal Paganini, R. Walsh, Jonas Rembser, S. Zhang, Daniel Pitzl, Joaquin Emilo Siado, Maksat Haytmyradov, Paolo Montagna, EmineGurpinar Guler, Thomas Berger, Othmane Bouhali, Carlos Erice, H. Zhang, David Mason, Luigi Moroni, Luca Lista, S. Brandt, L. R. Sulak, Samandeep Sharma, Jesus Marco, David Krofcheck, Anirban Saha, Andrew Evans, Ekaterina Avdeeva, Roberto Leonardi, Alexander Barnyakov, Markus Merschmeyer, Eduardo Coelho, Ozlem Kaya, Sevil Salur, Y. Wang, Kristian Harder, Arseniy Shabanov, D. Cutts, Michael Benjamin Andrews, Simone Paoletti, Suchandra Dutta, Giulio Mandorli, Anne-Marie Magnan, Wagner Carvalho, Terhi Jarvinen, Greg Landsberg, Cécile Caillol, Manjit Kaur, Francesco Fiori, Yildiray Komurcu, J. L. Dulemba, M. Fernandez, S. Somalwar, Pedrame Bargassa, Nikolay Voytishin, K. H. M. Kwok, Kira Burt, Stefano Colafranceschi, C. Scharf, Siarhei Shulha, A. Di Mattia, Paolo Gunnellini, Juliet Ritchie Patterson, Joao Varela, Leander Litov, Jean-Pierre Merlo, L. M. H. Guativa, J. M. V. Garcia, Joanne Cole, A. K. Virdi, Eija Tuominen, Luigi Fiore, Patrick Connor, Daniel Abercrombie, Gabor Istvan Veres, Sarah Catherine Eno, Jan-Frederik Schulte, Till Arndt, A. Kyriakis, Hugues Brun, Pieter Everaerts, J. Y. Han, Titas Roy, Alexx Perloff, Roman Ryutin, Federica Primavera, Roberto Carlin, Pierre Depasse, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, M. Van De Klundert, Sören Erdweg, Luisa Benussi, Richard B. Lipton, Kurt Jung, A. Baden, Dan Quach, I. Yu, Rylan Conway, Matthias Ulrich Mozer, Johannes Brandstetter, Evan Ranken, Alexander Malakhov, Qiao Xu, Danyyl Brzhechko, M. Naimuddin, Tyler Ruggles, A. Tricomi, Robert Clare, Cristina Martin Perez, Patrizia Azzi, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, A. De Roeck, A. David, Ksenia Shchelina, Albert M. Sirunyan, E. Di Marco, Gaël Touquet, J. S. Gonzalez, Chiara Amendola, A. Di Florio, A. De Wit, Frans Meijers, Edward Scott, D. Damiani, and Mikhail Danilov
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Coupling constant, Physics, Top quark, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 01 natural sciences, Gluon, Distribution function, 0103 physical sciences, Invariant mass, Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Lepton
Abstract: Normalised multi-differential cross sections for top quark pair ($$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13$$\,{\text {TeV}}$$TeV using events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The analysed data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$35.9{\,{\text {fb}}^{-1}} $$35.9fb-1. The double-differential $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯ cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the top quark and of the $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯ system at parton level in the full phase space. A triple-differential measurement is performed as a function of the invariant mass and rapidity of the $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯ system and the multiplicity of additional jets at particle level. The data are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators that complement next-to-leading-order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations with parton showers. Together with a fixed-order NLO QCD calculation, the triple-differential measurement is used to extract values of the strong coupling strength $$\alpha _{S}$$αS and the top quark pole mass ($$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole) using several sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The measurement of $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole exploits the sensitivity of the $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯ invariant mass distribution to $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole near the production threshold. Furthermore, a simultaneous fit of the PDFs, $$\alpha _{S}$$αS, and $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole is performed at NLO, demonstrating that the new data have significant impact on the gluon PDF, and at the same time allow an accurate determination of $$\alpha _{S}$$αS and $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole. The values $$\alpha _{S}(m_{{\text {Z}}}) = 0.1135{}^{+0.0021}_{-0.0017}$$αS(mZ)=0.1135-0.0017+0.0021 and $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}} = 170.5 \pm 0.8 \,{\text {GeV}} $$mtpole=170.5±0.8GeV are extracted, which account for experimental and theoretical uncertainties, the latter being estimated from NLO scale variations. Possible effects from Coulomb and soft-gluon resummation near the $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$tt¯ production threshold are neglected in these parameter extractions. A rough estimate of these effects indicates an expected correction of $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole of the order of $$+1 \,{\text {GeV}} $$+1GeV, which can be regarded as additional theoretical uncertainty in the current $$m_{{\text {t}}}^{{\text {pole}}}$$mtpole extraction.
Published: 2020
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7. Square loop coil system for balancing and calibration of second-order SQUID gradiometers

Author: Soon Gul Lee, Chan Seok Kang, and Jung Won Chang
Subjects: Superconducting quantum interference devices -- Electric properties, Superconducting quantum interference devices -- Design and construction, Integrated circuit fabrication -- Analysis, Circuit design -- Analysis, Integrated circuit fabrication, Circuit designer, Integrated circuit design, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: The design and the fabrication of a new uniaxial square-loop coil system for balancing and calibrating the second-order SQUID gradiometers are discussed. The results demonstrate that the second-order gradient mode is very useful for the calibration of the sensitivity of these gradiometers.
Published: 2007

8. Long baseline 2nd-order high-[T.sub.c] SQUID gradiometer made from a single-layer Y[Ba.sub.2][Cu.sub.3][O.sub.7] film

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Soo-Ho Oh, and In-Seon Kim
Subjects: Dielectric films -- Electric properties, Thin films -- Electric properties, Integrated circuit fabrication -- Analysis, Photoresists -- Analysis, Integrated circuit fabrication, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: The design and fabrication of a 30 mm long baseline 2nd-order SQUID gradiometer from a single Y[Ba.sub.2][Cu.sub.3][O.sub.7] (YBCO) layer which was patterned by argon ion milling with photoresist mask is presented.
Published: 2007

9. Fabrication of planar sandwich type Josephson junctions using Mg[B.sub.2] thin film with a Nb counter electrode

Author: Yun Won Kim and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Dielectric films -- Electric properties, Thin films -- Electric properties, Integrated circuit fabrication -- Analysis, Josephson junction -- Analysis, Integrated circuit fabrication, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: The fabrication of sandwich type Mg[B.sub.2] Josephson junctions by using an Nb thin film as the counter electrode which reveal current modulation periodically in response to an applied magnetic filed is reported.
Published: 2007

10. Investigation of the Dependences of the Attenuation Properties of Cryogenic Metal-Powder Filters on the Preparation Method

Author: Soon-Gul Lee and Sung Hoon Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Fabrication, Materials science, Bobbin, Attenuation, Varnish, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Cryogenics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Thermal conductivity, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Metal powder, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Powder mixture
Abstract: We fabricated low-pass metal powder filters for use in low-noise measurements at cryogenic temperatures and investigated their attenuation characteristics for different wire-turn densities, metalpowder shapes, and preparation methods at frequencies up to 20 GHz. We used nominally 30-μmsized stainless-steel 304L powder and mixed it with low-temperature binders. The low-temperature binders used were Stycast 2850FT (Emerson and Cumming) with catalyst 23LV and GE-7031 varnish. A 0.1-mm insulated copper wire was wound on preformed powder-mixture bobbins in the shape of a circular rod and was encapsulated in metal tubes with the powder mixture. All the fabricated powder filters showed a large attenuation at high frequencies with a cut-off frequency near 1 GHz. For filters of the same wire length, a lower wiring density showed a larger attenuation, which implies that the amount of powder in close contact with the wire determines the attenuation. Filters made of a powder/varnish mixture showed significantly larger attenuations than those of a powder/stycast mixture, and the attenuation improved with increasing powder ratio in the mixture. The low-temperature thermal conductivities of a 2 : 1 powder/Stycast mixture and a 5 : 1 powder/varnish mixture showed similar values at temperatures up to 4.2 K.
Published: 2018
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11. Magnetocardiographic performance of single-layer second-order YBCO SQUID gradiometers

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Seung Moon Park, Chan Seok Kang, and In-Seon Kim
Subjects: Superconductors -- Electric properties, Superconducting quantum interference devices -- Design and construction, Yttrium barium copper oxides -- Electric properties, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract: The noise properties and magnetocardiographic performance of single-layer second-order YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) SQUID gradiometers made on StrontiumTitanate substrates are studied. The feasibility of the directly-coupled single-layer 2nd-order high T(sub c) SQUID gradiometer for biomagnetic studies is demonstrated.
Published: 2005

12. Fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7 twin-boundary-junction dc SQUID by using a focused-ion-beam pattern technique

Author: Soon-Gul Lee and Sung Hoon Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, Focused ion beam, law.invention, SQUID, Laser linewidth, Scanning SQUID microscopy, law, Etching (microfabrication), 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Crystal twinning, business
Abstract: We have fabricated YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) dc SQUIDs containing nanobridges across twin boundaries of LaAlO3 (LAO) substrates as Josephson elements by using a focused ion beam (FIB) etching method and measured their transport properties. The beam energy was 30 keV and the current was 1.5 pA for the nanobridge pattern. Each bridge with a nominal width of 200 nm crossed a twin boundary in the (100) direction. The SQUID loop had a 10 μm × 10 μm hole with a 5.7 μm average linewidth. The SQUID voltage showed modulations in response to the external flux with a maximum modulation depth of 350 μV at 77.0 K. HR-XRD spectra showed that the epitaxially grown YBCO film was twinned in commensurate with the twinning of the LAO substrate. Tilting of the c-axis of YBCO across the twin boundary is believed to play a role as a tunnel barrier.
Published: 2017
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13. Search for Low-Mass Quark-Antiquark Resonances Produced in Association with a Photon at s=13 TeV

Author: Davide Cieri, Jim Hanlon, Pascal Vanlaer, Richard Breedon, Erik Butz, Souvik Das, Márton Bartók, Matti J Kortelainen, Jose Chinellato, Richard Cavanaugh, Cheng-Chieh Peng, James Alexander, Lukasz Kreczko, Haneol Lee, David Colling, Natalia Lychkovskaya, Alessio Magitteri, Timo Peltola, Michael Schmitt, Byung-Sik Hong, Dooyeon Gyun, Saikat Karmakar, Carlo Rovelli, Silvio Donato, Ivan Pozdnyakov, Ruchi Chudasama, Marco Rovere, Yanchu Wang, G. Bakas, Michael Hildreth, Guillaume Bourgatte, Alexander Richards, Tanmay Sarkar, Matthew Joyce, Marco Toliman Lucchini, Mauricio Thiel, Edy Ayala, Harry Cheung, Andrew Johnson, Peter Schleper, Zhen Hu, Keith Ulmer, Tariq Aziz, Dave M Newbold, Fanbo Meng, Caroline Collard, Dario Soldi, Ota Kukral, Zoltan Laszlo Trocsanyi, J. Conway, Peter Timothy Cox, Stephen Sanders, Rosamaria Venditti, D. Del Re, Georgios Anagnostou, Melody A. Swartz, Maxwell Chertok, Danek Kotlinski, Jordan Martins, Simone Gelli, Denis Gelé, Chang-Seong Moon, Anastasia Karavdina, Troy Mulholland, Torben Lange, Seungkyu Ha, Michael Mulhearn, Christian Barth, Daniele Fasanella, Marko Dragicevic, Willard Johns, Monika Bharti, Vincent Lemaitre, Catherine Schiber, Mauro Emanuele Dinardo, Carmen Albajar, Sven Dildick, Mia Tosi, Wesley H Smith, Mohit Gola, Jasper Lauwers, Zheng Wang, Wajid Ali Khan, A. Escalante Del Valle, Joosep Pata, Marius Teroerde, Inna Kucher, Paul Baillon, Artur Apresyan, Marc Besancon, Dinyar Rabady, Eric Wayne Vaandering, Yagya Raj Joshi, Ping Tan, Bożena Boimska, F. M. Stober, Harrison Prosper, Tuure Tuuva, Marta Baselga, Nhan Viet Tran, Mohammad Abrar Wadud, M. Medina Jaime, Christof Roland, Mario Deile, Elizabeth Kennedy, Margaret Zientek, Stephen Robert Wagner, Unki Yang, Kak Wong, Young Ho Shin, Andreas Werner Jung, Ozgun Kara, Ramkrishna Sharma, Martin Flechl, Daniel Gastler, K. Hurtado Anampa, Jian Wang, Jian Sun, Alibordi Muhammad, Artur Kalinowski, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Alain Givernaud, Seth Moortgat, Ilya Kravchenko, Jeroen Hegeman, Tatjana Susa, Hong Ni, Muhammad Waqas, Izaak Neutelings, Predrag Milenovic, Peter R Hobson, Georgia Karapostoli, E. Eskandari Tadavani, Sudarshan Paramesvaran, Victor Daniel Elvira, Bilal Kiani, Stephane Cooperstein, George Karathanasis, Brandon Allen, Vladimir Cherepanov, Colin Bernet, Nadia Pastrone, Maria Teresa Grippo, Saša Ceci, Malgorzata Kazana, Alexander Toropin, Virgil E Barnes, Andrzej Novak, Ugur Kiminsu, Prashant Shukla, Alexander Dierlamm, Michal Szleper, Philippe Gras, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, Martti Raidal, Giacomo Cucciati, Pamela Klabbers, André Rosowsky, Andrew Ivanov, Anatoli Zarubin, Ran Bi, Katarzyna Wichmann, D. A. Sanz Becerra, James Wetzel, S. Seif El Nasr-storey, Julie Malcles, Fengwangdong Zhang, Adrian Byszuk, Marek Gruchala, Paul Kyberd, Sema Zahid, Sergei Gleyzer, Amina Zghiche, Emily MacDonald, Danilo Meuser, Andrew Gilbert, Ridhi Chawla, Meenakshi Narain, Mirena Ivova Paneva, Thomas Eichhorn, Alessandro Thea, Isabel Pedraza, Sunil Somalwar, Saswati Nandan, Marco Alexander Harrendorf, Myriam Schönenberger, Frank Hartmann, Luciano Orsini, Luca Pacher, Jack Wright, Candan Dozen, M. Quinto, Alessio Ghezzi, Brent Yates, P. Goldenzweig, Olga Evdokimov, Pavel Bunin, C. Diez Pardos, Michael Wayne Arenton, Johannes Haller, Burin Asavapibhop, Xunwu Zuo, Sean Kalafut, J. S. H. Lee, Shalini Thakur, James John Brooke, Cédric Prieels, Praveen Chandra Tiwari, Martina Ressegotti, Oleksii Turkot, Fabrizio Gasparini, Michele Selvaggi, Fan Xia, Dietrich Liko, Mykhailo Dalchenko, Young-Il Choi, Tamás Álmos Vámi, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, Rizki Syarif, Sabino Meola, Roberto Covarelli, David Yu, Elisabetta Gallo, Vincenzo Ciriolo, Christian Schomakers, Vadim Oreshkin, Nicholas Eminizer, Matthew Nguyen, V. Rodríguez Bouza, Pedro G Mercadante, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Gulsen Onengut, Viktor Matveev, John Strologas, Prabhat Ranjan Pujahari, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, Urs Langenegger, Martino Dall'Osso, Pritam Kalbhor, Sanjeev Kumar, Hasan Ogul, Aram Apyan, Yi-ting Duh, Boris Grynyov, Shengquan Tuo, Abhigyan Dasgupta, Zviad Tsamalaidze, Nikolai Skatchkov, Michael Albrow, Hamed Bakhshiansohi, Sherif Elgammal, Sergio Cittolin, Jared Sturdy, Kaya Tatar, Robin Aggleton, David Petyt, W. Van Doninck, Hans Rykaczewski, Chiara Mariotti, Clemens Lange, Marco Monteno, Alexey Volkov, Alessio Boletti, Jie Zhang, Susan Gascon, Svenja Karen Pflitsch, Gunther Roland, K. El Morabit, Ji Hwan Bhyun, Illia Khvastunov, Lea Caminada, Rong-Shyang Lu, Simon Regnard, Santiago Folgueras, George Alverson, Roman Kogler, M. J. Kim, Anup Kumar Sikdar, Jordan Nash, Konstantin Androsov, Sung Keun Park, Tai Sakuma, Bugra Bilin, Kati Lassila-Perini, Benjamin Kreis, Anterpreet Kaur, Yutaro Iiyama, Mark Pesaresi, Claudia Ciocca, Jingyu Luo, Prafulla Kumar Behera, Riccardo Andrea Manzoni, Christian Veelken, Yu. Andreev, Markus Klute, Sandra S. Padula, F. Mohamad Idris, Malte Backhaus, Paolo Dini, Daniel Arcaro, Nicholas Wardle, Péter Major, Fabio Ravera, Emilien Chapon, Vittorio Raoul Tavolaro, Paolo Vitulo, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, Guido Tonelli, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, Jay Roberts, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Antonis Agapitos, Thi Hien Doan, Daniel Denegri, Magda Diamantopoulou, Hartmut Stadie, Maren Tabea Meinhard, Natascha Krammer, Ferhat Ozok, Andreas Nürnberg, J. Fernandez Menendez, Prasanna Siddireddy, Charles Maguire, Theodoros Geralis, J. R. González Fernández, Andrea Rizzi, G. L. Pinna Angioni, Clemens Wöhrmann, Yeonju Go, Christophe Ochando, F. De Guio, Francesco Santanastasio, Stoyan Stoynev, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Tongguang Cheng, Sergo Jindariani, Stefano Bianco, Brandon Chiarito, Caleb Smith, Florian Michael Pitters, Rino Castaldi, Yury Ivanov, Andre Sznajder, Stephanie Kwan, Alexander Bylinkin, D. Kim, Daniel Teyssier, Leonid Kardapoltsev, Victor Perelygin, Manisha Lohan, Alessandra Fanfani, J. Duarte Campderros, Frixos A Triantis, Andrew Askew, Nicholas Menendez, Styliani Orfanelli, M. Olmedo Negrete, Miao Hu, Karl Gill, Yacine Haddad, Antonio Ranieri, S. Sanchez Cruz, Antonin Kveton, Mauro Menichelli, A. 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Kim, Yasser Assran, Daniel Treille, Kelvin Mei, D. De Jesus Damiao, Robert Stone, T. Esch, James Dolen, Geum Bong Yu, Fotios Ptochos, Shahram Rahatlou, David Stuart, Elizabeth Starling, Akshansh Singh, Nan Lu, René Caspart, Rajarshi Bhattacharya, Elisabetta Manca, Christoph Grab, Freya Blekman, Ilse Krätschmer, David Michael Morse, G. Hamel de Monchenault, Aditee Rane, Kai-Feng Chen, Ettore Focardi, Vallary Bhopatkar, John Rander, Gregor Mittag, Jennifer Chu, Bjoern Penning, Ulascan Sarica, Maria Toms, John Michael Marraffino, E. De La Cruz-Burelo, Kenneth Call, Salvatore Buontempo, Paul Avery, Salavat Abdullin, Lisa Benato, Quentin Python, Randy Ruchti, Joe Incandela, Luca Cadamuro, Gobinda Majumder, M. Ramirez-Garcia, C. Fernandez Bedoya, S. Van Putte, Stefan Grünendahl, Amedeo Staiano, Robert Schöfbeck, Gabriel Madigan, Philip Harris, D. 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Bin Anuar, Thorben Quast, Paul Dauncey, Damir Lelas, Dajeong Jeon, Federico Vazzoler, Anna Benecke, Alexey Vorobyev, Jean-Baptiste Sauvan, Gigi Rolandi, Thomas Schuh, Stefano Argiro, Zhenbin Wu, Bhawna Gomber, Marcello Mannelli, Francesco Brivio, Marco Musich, Andris Skuja, Ivica Puljak, Hans Reithler, Ben Bylsma, Roberto Tenchini, Meng Xiao, Andrew Mehta, Jacobo Konigsberg, Jose M Hernandez, Jeffrey Roskes, Samuel Boren, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, Dylan Hsu, Pierre Piroué, Raman Khurana, Alexandros Attikis, Bradley Cox, Radek Zlebcik, Debabrata Bhowmik, Adrian Perieanu, A. Meyer, Russell Richard Betts, Conor Henderson, Christina Snyder, J. Bueghly, Konstantin Matchev, Jean-Marie Brom, Xavier Coubez, Fabrice Couderc, Egidio Longo, Francesca Ricci-Tam, Ivan Marchesini, Mohsan Waseem Ather, Anna Stakia, Sébastien Wertz, Vishwajeet Jha, Salvatore Rappoccio, Loukas Gouskos, L. M. Huertas Guativa, Maksim Azarkin, J. Alcaraz Maestre, Basil Schneider, Xavier Janssen, Ken W Bell, Shane Breeze, Iban Jose Cabrillo, Gian Piero Siroli, Metin Yalvac, Stephan Lammel, Tagir Aushev, Hugo Delannoy, Daniel Noonan, Olaf Behnke, Aliakbar Ebrahimi, N. De Filippis, Evgueni Vlasov, Karl Ehataht, Enrico Robutti, Kurtis F Johnson, Greg P Heath, R. Granier de Cassagnac, Maxime Gouzevitch, Andrea Beschi, Marek Niedziela, Christoph Schäfer, F. Simonetto, Alexander Grohsjean, Dimitrios Tsitsonis, Peter Thomassen, Lev Uvarov, Rajdeep Mohan Chatterjee, Abhisek Datta, Tiziano Rovelli, Michal Bluj, Andrey Marinov, Francesca Cenna, Alberto Ruiz-Jimeno, Gabriel Ramirez-Sanchez, Giuliana Galati, A-C Le Bihan, Robert Cousins, Didar Dobur, Himal Acharya, S. Goy Lopez, Austin Ball, Vladimir Blinov, Nathaniel Odell, Srinidhi Bheesette, Sa. Jain, Ta-Yung Ling, Benedikt Vormwald, Luc Pape, Vassili Kachanov, Moritz Guthoff, Marc Weber, Vyacheslav Valuev, and Ren-Yuan Zhu
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Photon, Luminosity (scattering theory), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, General Physics and Astronomy, Resonance, Jet (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Invariant mass, 010306 general physics
Abstract: A search for narrow low-mass resonances decaying to quark-antiquark pairs is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events collected at 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb^{-1}, recorded in 2016. The search considers the case where the resonance has high transverse momentum due to initial-state radiation of a hard photon. To study this process, the decay products of the resonance are reconstructed as a single large-radius jet with two-pronged substructure. The signal would be identified as a localized excess in the jet invariant mass spectrum. No evidence for such a resonance is observed in the mass range 10 to 125 GeV. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the coupling strength of resonances decaying to quark pairs. The results obtained with this photon trigger strategy provide the first direct constraints on quark-antiquark resonance masses below 50 GeV obtained at a hadron collider.
Published: 2019
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14. Simulation and Measurement of the Vacuum Rabi Coupling g in a 3D Transmon System

Author: Kwan-Woo Lee, Taewan Noh, Jinsu Son, Woon Song, Gwanyeol Park, Yonuk Chong, Joonyoung Lee, Jisoo Choi, Soon-Gul Lee, Kibog Park, Gahyun Choi, and Byeongwon Kang
Subjects: Physics, Coupling, Computer Science::Emerging Technologies, Coupling strength, Position (vector), Multiphysics, Qubit, Quantum electrodynamics, Transmon, Microwave cavity
Abstract: A transmon qubit in the 3-dimensional microwave cavity is a versatile system for various circuit QED experiments. We have performed numerical calculations of the vacuum Rabi coupling $g$ in 3D transmon circuit QED system, and compared the values with the experimental measurements. We used COMSOL Multiphysics RF package with an appropriate model to efficiently calculate the coupling strength. The calculation agrees with the measurement within a few percents in simple cases. Depending on the position of the qubit in the cavity, we calculated the coupling strengths to different eigenmodes. We compared our result for the fundamental mode (TE101) and a higher mode (TE201) with the experiment by changing the qubit position, as shown in Fig. 2. This simulation and characterization enable efficient design methods for future 3D circuit QED experiments. We confirm that we can design and predict the qubit coupling to the cavity modes with enough accuracy in 3D circuit QED system.
Published: 2019
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15. Detection of the superconducting transition and magnetic flux trapping in a niobium micro-ring by using micro-Hall sensors

Author: Kungwon Rhie, Yung Ho Kahng, Sungjung Joo, Soon-Gul Lee, Woon Song, Jinki Hong, Yun Won Kim, Mun Seog Kim, and Jae-Hyuk Choi
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Niobium, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Superconducting magnetic energy storage, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic flux, Magnetic Phenomena, chemistry, Percolation, 0103 physical sciences, Diamagnetism, Hall effect sensor, 010306 general physics
Abstract: An InAs heterostructure-based micro-Hall sensor was used to study the magnetic properties of a superconducting Nb micro-ring, enabling observation of magnetic phenomena such as diamagnetism onset and magnetic flux trapping in the 20-μm-diameter sample. The superconducting diamagnetism of the micro-ring was observed to develop slowly from T = 7.5 K down to 5 K and showed a notably sharp and substantial drop at 7.0 K, the zero-resistivity temperature obtained from transport measurements on a strip-patterned sample. The observed superconducting transition is discussed in terms of a percolation scenario. In magnetic-field-cooling measurements, the Hall signal from the magnetic flux trapped in the Nb ring at 4.5 K was detected at a sufficiently high level for quantitative comparison with the estimate.
Published: 2016
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16. Effects of electron-beam irradiation on the transition properties of YBa2Cu3O7−d grain boundary junctions

Author: Soon-Gul Lee and Sung Hoon Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Superconductivity, Resistive touchscreen, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Transition temperature, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Grain boundary, Irradiation, Electric current, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: We have studied the effects of high-energy electron-beam irradiation on the transition properties of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−d (YBCO) grain boundary junctions, bicrystal junctions and step-edge junctions, on SrTiO3 substrates. A uniform 1-MeV electron beam irradiated all over the samples. The irradiation doses were 0, 4.7 × 1014, 4.7 × 1015, and 4.7 × 1016 e/cm2. For each junction type, we used at least two samples for each dose level and compared the transition parameters before and after irradiation. For comparison, we also studied the same irradiation effects for YBCO microbridges. We measured the resistive transition temperature, the current-voltage characteristics, the normal-state resistance, and the critical current. The effect of irradiation was the most significant for the bicrystal grain-boundary junction and the least significant for the microbridges. The critical current data for the YBCO bicrystal grain-boundary junction showed a maximum at (0.47 ∼ 0.9) × 1015 e/cm2, and those for the microbridges showed a monotonic decrease with increasing dose. The normal-state resistance increased monotonically with increasing dose for all samples by up to ∼40% for the microbridges and ∼20% for the grain-boundary junctions at 4.7 × 1015 e/cm2. The change in the superconducting temperature (T c) was negligible except for the bicrystal junction at 4.7 × 1016 e/cm2, which was not superconducting at 77 K. These results show that grain-boundary junctions are more susceptive to irradiation, indicating that their critical currents are controllable by using high-energy electron-beam irradiation.
Published: 2016
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17. Search for light pseudoscalar boson pairs produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson in final states with two muons and two nearby tracks in pp collisions at s=13TeV

Author: Y. J. Mao, Chiara Mariotti, Stephen Sanders, Fatma Boran, Elena Voevodina, Marco Monteno, Ohannes Kamer Köseyan, Alexey Volkov, A. Escalante Del Valle, Joosep Pata, Colin Bernet, Ugur Kiminsu, Ioannis Papakrivopoulos, Laurent Thomas, Mark Derdzinski, E. Ayala, Jasper Lauwers, Wajid Ali Khan, Martti Raidal, Pamela Klabbers, Alessio Boletti, Jie Zhang, Victor Murzin, Inna Kucher, Kristian Harder, Francesca Romana Cavallo, Viktor Savrin, Mitchell Wayne, Karol Bunkowski, Burin Asavapibhop, Xunwu Zuo, Q. Li, Miaoyuan Liu, R. Loveless, Alessio Magitteri, James Bueghly, Matthew Nguyen, Katja Klein, Jens Multhaup, R. F. Harr, Ashish Sharma, Arseniy Shabanov, Matej Roguljic, Ping Tan, Tanvi Wamorkar, Byung-Sik Hong, Michael Hildreth, V. Rodríguez Bouza, E. Gurpinar Guler, Pedro G Mercadante, Rachel Yohay, J. K. Lim, Giorgio Maggi, Tuure Tuuva, F. Simonetto, D. Cutts, Michael Benjamin Andrews, M. S. Meyer, Hans-Christian Kaestli, Simone Paoletti, Kenichi Hatakeyama, Tanmay Sarkar, Matthew Joyce, Sadia Khalil, Markus Radziej, Roberto Mulargia, Suchandra Dutta, J. A. Murillo Quijada, Elizabeth Kennedy, Margaret Zientek, Unki Yang, C. Fernandez Bedoya, Stefan Grünendahl, Sergio P Ratti, A. Di Crescenzo, G. L. Pinna Angioni, Ozgun Kara, Anastasia Karavdina, Dylan Gilbert, F. De Guio, Anna Woodard, Petr Levchenko, Nikolai Golubev, Frank Chlebana, Giulio Mandorli, Anne-Marie Magnan, Wagner Carvalho, Natale Demaria, Robert Schöfbeck, Gabriel Madigan, Lalit Mohan Pant, Philip Harris, D. Matos Figueiredo, Noemi Beni, Bożena Boimska, Kerem Cankocak, Terhi Jarvinen, K. Hurtado Anampa, Jian Wang, Aaron Dominguez, Georgios Krintiras, Pieter David, Olga Evdokimov, Junghwan Goh, Livio Fanò, Daniel Gastler, Alain Givernaud, Seth Moortgat, P. Sphicas, Kuntal Mondal, Giovanni Organtini, Alessia Saggio, Paolo Spagnolo, P. Gras, W. Ji, Claudio Quaranta, Harrison Prosper, Marta Baselga, Stephen Robert Wagner, Young Ho Shin, Sourav Dey, P. Priyanka, Pierluigi Paolucci, D. R. Claes, Marcel Rieger, Anders Ryd, Gavin Davies, Sergey Vavilov, G. De Lentdecker, K. S. Lee, M. Della Negra, Maria Isabel Josa, Felicitas Pauss, Angira Rastogi, Sabino Meola, Roberto Covarelli, Sergio Cittolin, Jared Sturdy, Kaya Tatar, A. Bornheim, Peisen Ma, Sandra S. Padula, M. Tadel, Greg Landsberg, Cécile Caillol, Sw. Banerjee, Manjit Kaur, Anna Colaleo, S. Tkaczyk, David Stuart, Alice Mignerey, A. Benecke, Stefanos Leontsinis, Chayanit Asawatangtrakuldee, Yiwen Wen, Paolo Vitulo, Maximilian Knut Kiesel, William J Spalding, M. A. Bhat, Zuhal Seyma Demiroglu, Thomas Strebler, Marc Osherson, J. H. Kim, Alexander Lanev, T. Kress, Susan Dittmer, Kalyanmoy Chatterjee, Georgios Daskalakis, Sergei Gninenko, J. C. Freeman, Petr Mandrik, M. 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Da Silveira, Stephan Lammel, Jay Mathew Lawhorn, Claude Amsler, Brent Yates, Laurent Favart, Cristian Pena, Thomas Reis, Martin Lipinski, Viatcheslav Stolin, Frank Würthwein, Manas Maity, Alexi Mestvirishvili, Ulrich Goerlach, Joze Zobec, Massimo Casarsa, Steve Nahn, Marco Meschini, Paolo Capiluppi, James Rohlf, Carlos Avila, Sergei Bitioukov, Cristina Riccardi, Francois Lagarde, B. Chazin Quero, Ricardo Eusebi, Tai Sakuma, Kevin Deroover, Alexander Dierlamm, Michal Szleper, Roberto Chierici, Chia-Ming Kuo, A. Vorobyev, E. E. Boos, Kadri Ozdemir, Heriberto Castilla-Valdez, Claudia Seitz, S. Petrushanko, Samuel May, Giuseppe Latino, Y. t. Duh, Jorge Chaves, Si Xie, Robert Stone, R. Taus, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Abideh Jafari, Rogelio Reyes-Almanza, Nathan Mirman, A. B. Meyer, Umberto Dosselli, M. Gola, Giacomo Ortona, J. Taylor, Panagiotis Kokkas, E. Eskandari Tadavani, S. K. Pflitsch, Sudarshan Paramesvaran, Victor Daniel Elvira, Zeljko Antunovic, Christoph Paus, T. 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Vidal, Paraskevas Gianneios, Xin Chen, Teresa Rodrigo, Yuta Takahashi, Sertac Ozturk, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Pascal Vanlaer, Luciano Barone, Richard Breedon, Gervasio Gomez, A. Delgado Peris, Hannu Siikonen, Frank Jensen, David Taylor, B. Jayatilaka, Yongbin Feng, Bernard Ille, Nikolay Voytishin, Ali Mohammadi, K. H. M. Kwok, Kira Burt, L. S. Durkin, Souvik Das, J. Seixas, Merve Ince, Etiennette Auffray, Maurizio Biasini, A. Yagil, Sinan Sagir, Marta Felcini, Nikitas Loukas, Gourab Saha, Valentina Dutta, Dinko Ferencek, Maria Elena Pol, Giovanni Franzoni, Evrim Ersin Kangal, Ashok Kumar, Aran Garcia-Bellido, Debarati Roy, Furkan Dolek, Martina Ressegotti, P. Schütze, Oleksii Turkot, Michele Selvaggi, O. Behnke, Gulsen Onengut, Viktor Matveev, H. Lee, Carlo Civinini, Clemens Lange, K. Sandeep, Santiago Folgueras, George Alverson, X. Y. Gao, Roman Kogler, Satoshi Hasegawa, Benjamin Kreis, A. Bodek, Zhaozhong Shi, Nairit Sur, Gregory Iles, D. Stolp, C. F. 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Ramirez-Garcia, Ferenc Sikler, Mauro Verzetti, Stephanie Brandt, R. Mankel, Mario Kadastik, Wolfgang Lohmann, Alexander Dermenev, Seth Cooper, Semra Turkcapar, Kurt Jung, Dominique Gigi, Marco Alexander Harrendorf, Fábio Lúcio Alves, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Filip Moortgat, Konstantinos Kousouris, Efe Yazgan, Luciano Orsini, Luca Pacher, Arne Reimers, Linda Finco, Gabriel Ramirez-Sanchez, Claire Shepherd-Themistocleous, Mingshui Chen, Joshua Bendavid, Nicanor Colino, Matthias Komm, Arnab Purohit, Simona Cometti, Scott Thomas, Antonis Agapitos, Thi Hien Doan, Daniel Denegri, Andrei Sobol, Hartmut Stadie, Stoyan Stoynev, A. Sanchez-Hernandez, Tongguang Cheng, D. Sunar Cerci, Oliver Gutsche, Natascha Krammer, Sergo Jindariani, J. Schwandt, Daniel Arcaro, Marek Walczak, Christian Dorfer, D. M. Strom, Matthew Herndon, Caleb Smith, Andrea Gelmi, S. W. Lee, J. D. Richman, Emanuele Usai, Thomas James, Predrag Cirkovic, Viola Sordini, Erika Garutti, Sevgi Tekten, Sebastian Thüer, S. J. Qian, F. 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Goy Lopez, Aniello Spiezia, Christopher West, Luigi Guiducci, Gregory R Snow, Hao Qiu, R. Sharma, Alessandra Fanfani, M. De Mattia, G. Quast, Rishika Bhardwaj, Gian Michele Innocenti, I. Babounikau, A. Ranieri, Livia Soffi, Zhoudunming Tu, János Karancsi, Isabel Ojalvo, Claudia Pistone, Hannsjoerg Artur Weber, Gordon H. Hanson, Wolfgang Adam, Simone Pigazzini, J. Duarte Campderros, Frixos A Triantis, Andrew Askew, R. L. Lander, Nicholas Menendez, Gurpreet Singh, S. Slabospitskii, James Keaveney, M. Olmedo Negrete, Miao Hu, Austin Ball, S. M. Spanier, James S. Wright, G. Zevi Della Porta, Andreas Kornmayer, Marc Dünser, Federico Ambrogi, Marcos Cerrada, R. B. Garg, Vladimir Blinov, Nathaniel Odell, Christopher Seez, Ada Solano, Youn Roh, Barry Blumenfeld, T. V. Dimova, Hyunyong Kim, Baokai Wang, Christopher Mcginn, Daniel Robert Marlow, Thea Klaeboe Aarrestad, Raffaele Gerosa, Alexander Ledovskoy, Vincent J Smith, Haiyan Wang, Andrei Gritsan, Constantin Heidegger, J. M. Grados Luyando, F. Vazzoler, Natasa Raicevic, Quan Wang, Gianni Zumerle, Sunil Bansal, B. De La Cruz, Jose F Benitez, Samuel Higginbotham, S. Baur, Yves Sirois, Mehmet Oglakci, Stefano Lacaprara, Nicholas Smith, Sa. Jain, Alessandro Montanari, Luc Pape, Jian-Guo Bian, Andrey Pozdnyakov, Igor Volobouev, Özlem Özçelik, Andris Skuja, Ivica Puljak, Hans Reithler, Kirill Skovpen, J. Martin Blanco, Andreas Psallidas, C. Vander Velde, J. Puerta Pelayo, Indara Suarez, R. Bhattacharya, E. Carrera Jarrin, Douglas Wright, R. D. Field, L. Viliani, Jean-Charles Fontaine, Anton Dimitrov, Andrea Gozzelino, Werner Lustermann, Andromachi Tsirou, Li Li, Vassili Kachanov, Moritz Guthoff, Sarah Freed, Alicia Calderon, James Strait, Seyed Mohsen Etesami, Sandra Oliveros, Ajeeta Khatiwada, Alfredo Gurrola, Maciej Górski, Ufuk Guney Tok, Christopher Brew, Troy Mulholland, James Castle, Seungkyu Ha, F. L. Fabbri, Daniele Fasanella, Debabrata Bhowmik, Adrian Perieanu, A. Meyer, Giles Strong, P. Van Hove, Alice Cocoros, Panagiotis Katsoulis, D. Green, Zhiming Wang, Stephen Mrenna, Denys Lontkovskyi, Konstantinos Manolopoulos, Thomas Bergauer, Marek Gruchala, Michael Planer, Ben Bylsma, Roberto Tenchini, Meng Xiao, Jacobo Konigsberg, Russell Richard Betts, Conor Henderson, Prasenjit Mal, Christina Snyder, Lothar At Bauerdick, Leonardo Giannini, Weinan Si, Robert M Harris, Konstantin Matchev, J. J. Hollar, Jean-Marie Brom, Xavier Coubez, G. Correia Silva, Elliot Hughes, Andrew Buccilli, Charles C. Richardson, James Bowen, Arun Kumar, R. Del Burgo, Vladimir Mossolov, Daniele Spiga, Sema Zahid, Sergei Gleyzer, Ana Ovcharova, Marc Weinberg, Andrea Venturi, M. Khakzad, Rino Castaldi, Ta-Wei Wang, Brian Dorney, Fabrice Couderc, Y. Musienko, Sarmad Masood Shaheen, Egidio Longo, Francesca Ricci-Tam, Ivan Marchesini, J. Alexander, G. M. Bilei, David Jonathan Hofman, Marco Zanetti, Xuejun Wang, U. Bhawandeep, Shubham Pandey, Wei Shi, Tae Jeong Kim, O. Rieger, Michael Murray, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Kunal Kothekar, Mohsan Waseem Ather, Anna Stakia, Sébastien Wertz, Salvatore Rappoccio, L. Kreczko, Mariarosaria D'Alfonso, Mario Galanti, Zoltan Szillasi, F. Rezaei Hosseinabadi, M. C. Fouz, Samuel Boren, Andrey Uzunian, Thomas Klijnsma, W. S. Hou, Nadezda Chernyavskaya, Loukas Gouskos, L. M. Huertas Guativa, Maksim Azarkin, Juska Pekkanen, M. Franco Sevilla, J. Alcaraz Maestre, Basil Schneider, Siddhesh Sawant, Nazar Bartosik, Christopher Palmer, Alice Bean, Balazs Ujvari, Sridhara Dasu, Emilio Meschi, W. T. Lin, Dylan Hsu, Marvin Johnson, N. Woods, Xavier Janssen, Nicolo Cartiglia, J. D. Ruiz Alvarez, Giacomo Bruno, Tomas Hreus, Shane Breeze, Iban Jose Cabrillo, Damir Devetak, Michele Bianco, Raman Khurana, Alexandros Attikis, Atanu Modak, Shervin Nourbakhsh, S. Belforte, Nabarun Dev, Johan Borg, L. F. Chaparro Sierra, A. Bermúdez Martínez, W. E. Johns, C. A. Carrillo Montoya, Zoltan Gecse, Mariana Shopova, Eric Christian Chabert, Luigi Fiore, Sean Flowers, Sandeep Bhowmik, Bradley Cox, Andreas Hinzmann, Marcin Konecki, Artur Lobanov, Nathaniel Pastika, Kyle Tos, Ioannis Evangelou, Geonhee Oh, C. K. Mackay, Marco Cipriani, Peter Elmer, Stephan Albert Wiederkehr, F. M. Stober, Marcella Diemoz, M. Flechl, Mikhail Dubinin, G. Cucciati, Lisa Borgonovi, Matthias Schröder, A. Rossi, A. A. Bin Anuar, Damir Lelas, Dajeong Jeon, Kyungwook Nam, Bobak Hashemi, Giacomo Sguazzoni, Tom Cornelis, Shivali Malhotra, Ádám Hunyadi, Wei Li, Tanmay Mudholkar, Suat Ozkorucuklu, Wei Xie, Rainer Wallny, Jean-Baptiste Sauvan, Gigi Rolandi, Ennio Monteil, Aldo Penzo, Nicolas Tonon, Thomas Schuh, John J. Leonard, Stefano Argiro, Piero Giorgio Verdini, Ivan Amos Cali, A. Carvalho Antunes De Oliveira, Norbert Neumeister, Matteo Cremonesi, Nitish Dhingra, S. Fiorendi, R. Vilar Cortabitarte, J. Suarez Gonzalez, Samuel Bein, Daniel Spitzbart, Zhenbin Wu, Bhawna Gomber, Marcello Mannelli, Christian Schwanenberger, Francesco Brivio, Philip Baringer, Enrico Robutti, George Stephans, Dominik Nowatschin, S. Nandan, A. De Iorio, Pietro Vischia, J. G. Li, Roberto Rossin, Siew Yan Hoh, Fionn Ball, Francisco Matorras, John A Coughlan, J. M. Vizan Garcia, E. Palencia Cortezon, Vladimir Rusinov, David J. Smith, Tariq Aziz, Dave M Newbold, Marko Dragicevic, George Karathanasis, Y. Choi, Brandon Allen, Dustin Burns, L. J. Sanchez Rosas, Urs Langenegger, Martino Dall'Osso, Adrian Byszuk, Crisostomo Sciacca, Maxim Goncharov, K. Ehataht, Marco Pieri, David Fehling, Ian R Tomalin, David Saltzberg, Vladimir Palichik, Caroline Elisabeth Niniane Niemeyer, Daniele Pedrini, Benedikt Maier, Konrad Deiters, G. B. Mohanty, Shirin Chenarani, Jozsef Molnar, Y. Ban, M. I. Nagy, Johannes Schulz, Gregory Rakness, J. De Clercq, Roger Rusack, Marc Dejardin, Tielige Mengke, Garrett Funk, M. L. Vesterbacka Olsson, Daniel Gonzalez, P. A. Piroué, B. McMaster, Fan Xia, Dietrich Liko, Mykhailo Dalchenko, Jingyu Luo, Ayman Al-bataineh, Prafulla Kumar Behera, Riccardo Andrea Manzoni, Christian Veelken, Yu. Andreev, Markus Klute, Joel Goldstein, Luciano Ristori, Milena Misheva, Luigi Calligaris, Kevin Pedro, Silvano Tosi, Ryan Heller, Maxime Guilbaud, Daniel Treille, Kelvin Mei, S. R. Dugad, D. De Jesus Damiao, German Martinez, T. Susa, Giannis Flouris, Cristina Botta, Viesturs Veckalns, Dario Bisello, Pascal Paganini, R. Walsh, Jonas Rembser, S. Zhang, Jim Hanlon, D. Soldi, S. Sánchez Navas, Jose Chinellato, Richard Cavanaugh, Ivan Pozdnyakov, Ruchi Chudasama, P. Van Mulders, Marco Rovere, Marco Toliman Lucchini, Mauricio Thiel, Ilya Gorbunov, Peter Timothy Cox, Michael Mulhearn, Ilya Kravchenko, Jeroen Hegeman, Maria Teresa Grippo, Anatoli Zarubin, Ran Bi, O. Zenaiev, James Wetzel, Daniel Pitzl, Joaquin Emilo Siado, Maksat Haytmyradov, Paolo Montagna, Thomas Berger, Othmane Bouhali, Carlos Erice, H. Zhang, David Mason, Luigi Moroni, Luca Lista, L. R. Sulak, M. A. Segura Delgado, Samandeep Sharma, Jesus Marco, David Krofcheck, J. P. Fernández Ramos, Anirban Saha, Andrew Evans, Ekaterina Avdeeva, Roberto Leonardi, Alexander Barnyakov, Markus Merschmeyer, Eduardo Coelho, Ozlem Kaya, Sevil Salur, Y. Wang, Mia Tosi, L. Romero, Prashant Shukla, André Rosowsky, Andrew Ivanov, S. Sarkar, P. E. Karchin, David Yu, P. D. Dauncey, A. Castro, Andrzej Pyskir, Fabio Cossutti, Igor Katkov, Arsen Khvedelidze, Joachim Mnich, Fotios Ptochos, Riccardo Bellan, Suresh C Tonwar, Sylvie Braibant-Giacomelli, Jeffrey Roskes, Kalliopi Manitara, Claudio Grandi, Sébastien Gadrat, Mayda Velasco, M. Melo De Almeida, G. P. Van Onsem, Zaixing Mao, O. Gonzalez Lopez, Olivér Surányi, Olena Karacheban, A. Khan, Gouranga Kole, Bruno Galinhas, A. Starodumov, Ravi Janjam, Siddharth Narayanan, Anton Karneyeu, Leonard Apanasevich, M. Vander Donckt, Jochen Schieck, R. Wilkinson, Charalambos Nicolaou, Niki Saoulidou, Sercan Sen, D. P. Stickland, Zhenyu Chen, Geoffrey Smith, Alexander Spiridonov, I. A. Melzer-Pellmann, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, Andreas Werner Jung, Chandiprasad Kar, A. García Alonso, Anadi Canepa, Dario Menasce, Simranjit Singh Chhibra, Eric Conte, David Barney, Aleksandra Lelek, Stephanie Beauceron, Joshua Kunkle, Ulrich Husemann, Fabio Monti, S. Bhattacharya, Vadim Alexakhin, Rizki Syarif, Ia Iashvili, Jean-Roch Vlimant, Brajesh C Choudhary, Paul David Luckey, Marco Trovato, Sébastien Viret, Ketino Kaadze, Christian Contreras-Campana, E. W. Vaandering, Alexander Titterton, V. Re, André Holzner, Santeri Laurila, Raúl Iraq Rabadán-Trejo, Alexander Schmidt, Nadir Daci, David Sheffield, Suneel Dutt, Roberto Dell'Orso, J. W. Gary, Sergey Troshin, David D'Enterria, G. Bagliesi, C. Madrid, Helio Nogima, W. H. Smith, Elif Asli Yetkin, Alberto Orso Maria Iorio, Felice Pantaleo, Chanwook Hwang, Mário Costa, Niladribihari Sahoo, Apichart Hortiangtham, Christina Reissel, Ryan Mueller, Torben Dreyer, Alessia Tricomi, Nikolay Tyurin, Roumyana Hadjiiska, Igor Smirnov, Vytautas Dudenas, Kerstin Hoepfner, F. Mohamad Idris, Malte Backhaus, Nicholas Wardle, Tao Huang, Isa Dumanoglu, Davide Zuolo, H. El Mamouni, Yasser Assran, Marius Preuten, John N. Wood, Nils Faltermann, Duong Nguyen, Vladyslav Danilov, Nabin Poudyal, Sharon Hagopian, Ralf Ulrich, Juliette Alimena, E. J. Tonelli Manganote, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Ekaterina Kuznetsova, Vincenzo Innocente, Silvia Maselli, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Efstathios Paganis, R. Frühwirth, Erica Brondolin, K. W. Bell, Nataliia Kovalchuk, Dhanush Anil Hangal, Giovanni Petrucciani, S. Choi, David Petyt, W. Van Doninck, and Hans Rykaczewski
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Pseudoscalar, 0103 physical sciences, Higgs boson, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Boson, Lepton
Abstract: A search is presented for pairs of light pseudoscalar bosons, in the mass range from 4 to 15 GeV, produced from decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson. The decay modes considered are final states that arise when one of the pseudoscalars decays to a pair of tau leptons, and the other one either into a pair of tau leptons or muons. The search is based on proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV that correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The 2μ2τ and 4τ channels are used in combination to constrain the product of the Higgs boson production cross section and the branching fraction into 4τ final state, σB, exploiting the linear dependence of the fermionic coupling strength of pseudoscalar bosons on the fermion mass. No significant excess is observed beyond the expectation from the standard model. The observed and expected upper limits at 95% confidence level on σB, relative to the standard model Higgs boson production cross section, are set respectively between 0.022 and 0.23 and between 0.027 and 0.19 in the mass range probed by the analysis.
Published: 2020
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18. Observation of abnormal switching-back phenomena in spin-orbit torque devices due to domain wall reflection

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Xuepeng Qiu, Jae Hyun Kwon, Kwanhoon Lee, Jungbum Yoon, Jun-Seok Lee, Jaesung Son, and Hyunsoo Yang
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Magnetization, Domain wall (magnetism), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Reflection (physics), Torque, 0210 nano-technology, business, Spin orbit torque
Published: 2017
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19. Precise determination of magnetic moment of a fluxoid quantum in a superconducting microring

Author: Soon Gul Lee, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Yun Won Kim, Heonhwa Choi, Mahn Soo Choi, and Min Seok Kim
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, Cantilever, Condensed matter physics, Magnetic moment, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Magnetometer, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Normal mode, law, Spring (device), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Diamagnetism, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum
Abstract: Using dynamic cantilever magnetometry and experimentally determining the cantilever's vibrational mode shape, we precisely measured the magnetic moment of a lithographically defined micron-sized superconducting Nb ring, a key element for the previously proposed subpiconewton force standard. The magnetic moments due to individual magnetic fluxoids and a diamagnetic response were independently determined at $T=4.3$ K, with a subfemtoampere-square-meter resolution. The results show good agreement with the theoretical estimation yielded by the Brandt and Clem model within the spring constant determination accuracy.
Published: 2017
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20. Critical properties of the high-energy electron-beam-irradiated superconductor weak links

Author: Sung Hoon Lee and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Superconductivity, Resistive touchscreen, High energy electron beam, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Transition temperature, Cathode ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Critical current, Irradiation, Kinetic energy
Abstract: We have studied the effects of high-energy electron-beam irradiation on the superconducting transition properties of an YBCO bicrystal junction, a focused ion-beam (FIB)-patterned YBCO nanobridge, a MgB2 intergrain nanobridge, and a BaKFeAs multigrain microbridge. We used one sample for each junction type and repeated the irradiation-and-measurement process at 6 accumulated-dose steps: 0, 3 × 1014, 1015, 3 × 1015, 1016, and 1017 e/cm2. A uniform electron beam with a 1-MeV kinetic energy was irradiated indiscrimately over the samples. We measured the resistive transition temperature, the normal-state resistance, and the critical current. The irradiation effect was significant for all the samples except the BaKFeAs microbridge. The critical current data for the YBCO bicrystal junction and the MgB2 intergrain nanobridge had a maximum at 3 × 1015 e/cm2, and the YBCO nanobridge showed a monotonic decrease. For all the samples, the normal state resistance increased monotonically with increasing dose by up to ~20% at 1016 e/cm2, and the change in T c was negligible. The results showed that the YBCO and MgB2 weak links were susceptive to irradiation, indicating the possibility of controlling the critical current of those junctions by using high-energy electron-beam irradiation.
Published: 2014
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21. Fabrication and characterization of nanopatterned LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures

Author: Sang Keun Seung, Joon Sung Lee, Jung-Won Chang, Lkhagvasuren Baasandorj, Jinhee Kim, Hyunho Noh, Soon Gul Lee, Jong Hyun Song, and Yong-Joo Doh
Subjects: Fabrication, Materials science, Spintronics, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Heterojunction, Electron, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Etching (microfabrication), Optoelectronics, business, Fermi gas, Electron-beam lithography, Universal conductance fluctuations
Abstract: We report the fabrication of nanopatterned conduction channels and electrical transport of a two-dimensional electron gas formed at a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface. The nanoscale channels are formed by electron beam lithography and Ar-ion etching. The negative magnetoconductance data observed at low temperature are attributed to the weak antilocalization effect due to the strong spin-orbit interaction inherent in the electron gas at the heterointerface whereas the conductance fluctuations are caused by quantum interference between the electron wavefunctions. The gatedependent characteristic parameters, obtained using the Maekawa-Fukuyama model, reveal that the spin-orbit interaction in the nanopatterned metal-oxide heterostructure is gate-tunable, which will be useful for building spintronic devices.
Published: 2013
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22. High-quality nanomechanical resonator based on a defect-free gold nanowire

Author: Jung Won Chang, Sang Goon Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Minkyung Jung, Youngdong Yoo, Soon Gul Lee, Jinhee Kim, and Seung-Bo Shim
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Dynamic range, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Dissipation, Amorphous solid, Resonator, Quality (physics), Optoelectronics, business, Softening, Hardening (computing)
Abstract: Nanomechanical resonators were fabricated using defect-free single-crystalline Au nanowires (NWs), and their mechanical properties were investigated by using the magneto-motive detection method. The fabricated Au NW resonators exhibited a resonance frequency of 33–119 MHz and a quality factor of 1800 ∼ 11000, depending on the resonator’s dimensions. Compared to its amorphous film counterpart, the Au NW resonator showed noticeable increases in both the resonance frequency and the quality factor. Also observed was a significant increase in the dynamic range for the NW resonator. These improvements could be attributed to low and uniform energy dissipation by the defect-free single-crystalline Au NW resonator. In addition, the length dependence of the nonlinear characteristics was observed. Mechanical softening was observed in the case of short (l = 2 µm and 3 µm) resonators while mechanical hardening was observed in the case of long (l = 4 µm) resonators.
Published: 2013
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23. Comparison of the superconducting transition properties of YBa2Cu3O7 nanobridges with and without a twin boundary

Author: Jae-Hyuk Choi, Sung Hoon Lee, and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Superconductivity, Josephson effect, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Stress–strain curve, General Physics and Astronomy, Critical current, Crystal twinning, Focused ion beam, Symmetry (physics), Quantum tunnelling
Abstract: We have fabricated nanobridges from YBa2Cu3O7 films deposited on LaAlO3 substrates by using a focused ion beam technique and studied their superconducting transition properties with and without a twin boundary (TB) crossing the bridge. The nanobridge dimensions were 200–500 nm in width and length, and 100 nm in thickness. All the nanobridges studied with or without a TB had a superconducting transition temperature Tc of 90 K with a zero-resistance transition at 86.5 K and high critical current density of ∼1 × 107 A/cm2 at 77 K. However, the current-voltage curves for the nanobridges with a TB showed Josephson tunneling characteristics near the transition, which is in clear contrast to the flux-flow-type transition behavior of those without a TB. According to a crystallographic analysis with d-wave symmetry of YBCO, the small mismatch angle of the TB itself was not sufficient to cause the Josephson effect. Secondary effects, such as stress and strain, are believed to be the origin.
Published: 2013
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24. Study on the fabrication of low-pass metal powder filters for use at cryogenic temperatures

Author: Soon-Gul Lee and Sung Hoon Lee
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Toroid, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Low-pass filter, Attenuation, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Electromagnetic coil, 0103 physical sciences, Metal powder, Cylinder, Composite material, Powder mixture
Abstract: We fabricated compact low-pass stainless-steel powder filters for use in low-noise measurements at cryogenic temperatures and investigated their attenuation characteristics for different wire lengths, filter shapes, and preparation methods at frequencies up to 20 GHz. We used nominally 30-μm-sized SUS 304L powder and mixed it with Stycast 2850FT (Emerson and Cumming) with catalyst 23LV. A 0.1-mm insulated copper wire was wound on preformed powder-mixture spools in the shape of a right-circular cylinder, a flattened elliptic cylinder and a toroid, and the coils were encapsulated in metal tubes or boxes filled with the powder mixture. All the fabricated powder filters showed a large attenuation at high frequencies with a cut-off frequency near 1 GHz. However, the toroidal filter showed prominent ripples corresponding to resonance modes in the 0.5-m-long coil wire. A filter with a 2:1 powder/epoxy mixture mass ratio and a wire length of 1.53 m showed an attenuation of −93 dB at 4 GHz, and the attenuation was linearly proportional to the wire’s length. As the powder-to-epoxy ratio was increased, the high-frequency attenuation increased. An equally-spaced single-layer coil structure was found to be more efficient in attenuation than a double-layer coil. The geometry of the metal filter’s case affected the noise ripples, with the least noise being found for a circular tube.
Published: 2016
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25. Mg[B.sub.2] grain boundary nanobridges prepared by focused ion beam

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Sung-Huk Hong, Won Nam Kang, and Dong Ho Kim
Subjects: Boron -- Thermal properties, Boron -- Electric properties, Grain boundaries -- Analysis, Ion bombardment -- Usage, Magnesium -- Thermal properties, Magnesium -- Electric properties, Physics
Abstract: The fabrication and the analysis of the transport properties of Mg[B.sub.2] grain boundary nanobridges by focused-ion-beam etch are described. The grain boundary nanobridge is patterned on a microbridge and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, the temperature-dependent critical current and the normal state resistance are analyzed.
Published: 2009

26. Fabrication of BaKFeAs intergrain nanobridges by using a focused ion beam

Author: Won Nam Kang, Soon-Gil Jung, Sung Hoon Lee, Nam Hoon Lee, Soon-Gul Lee, and S. J. Hong
Subjects: Josephson effect, Superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Photoresist, Focused ion beam, Etching (microfabrication), Optoelectronics, Grain boundary, Ion milling machine, Electric current, business
Abstract: We have studied the fabrication and the transport properties of Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 intergrain nanobridges patterned by using a focused ion beam (FIB). Prior to FIB etching, 8-µm-wide bridges were prepatterned from Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 films by using argon ion milling with a photoresist mask. The lowest-possible beam current of 1.5 pA was used for the FIB nanobridge pattern to minimize the etching damage to the bridge. The nanobridge contained a single grain boundary, and the nominal dimensions were 200 nm in width and 100 nm in length. We have also studied current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, the temperature-dependent critical current (Ic), and the normal-state resistance (RN). The transport measurements of the nanobridge showed a strong-coupling nature with a high critical current density of 1.25 × 106 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, which is comparable to the intragrain value. The nanobridge showed the onset of a resistive transition at 37 K and zero resistance at 27 K. Measured I-V curves were dominated mainly by Josephson coupling, showing resistivelyshunted-junction (RSJ) behaviors with multiple transitions at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of the critical current was Ic ∼ (1 − T/Tc)1.0.
Published: 2012
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27. Properties of FeSe nanobridges prepared by using a focused ion beam

Author: Soon-Gil Jung, S. J. Hong, Won Nam Kang, and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, law, Etching, General Physics and Astronomy, Substrate (electronics), Photolithography, Focused ion beam, Beam (structure), Pulsed laser deposition, Coherence length, law.invention
Abstract: We have fabricated FeSe nanobridges by using a focused ion beam (FIB) etching technique and studied their transport properties. FeSe films were prepatterned into microbridges by using a standard photolithography and argon-ion-milling technique and was subsequently patterned into nanobridges by using a focused Ga+ beam with a beam current of 9 pA to minimize damage to the film. The nominal width and length of the bridges were 300 nm and 100 nm, respectively, and the film thickness was about 1,000 nm. Our film was deposited on an Al2O3(0001) substrate by using a pulsed laser deposition technique and had a (101)-oriented tetragonal phase according to its X-ray diffraction spectrum. We have studied the current-voltage (I–V) characteristics, the temperature-dependent critical current and the normal state resistance. The as-made film exhibited an onset transition temperature (Tc) of 11.0 K and zero resistivity at 6.7 K. Argon-ion milling decreased Tc, Tc,onset = 10.0 K, and Tc0 = 6.0 K, but subsequent FIB nanobridge patterning did not affect Tc. The measured transport properties of the nanobridges showed a flux-flow behavior with thermal fluctuations with negligible pinning effect. The results are compared with those of the MgB2 counterpart with a coherence length of similar size. The details of the fabrication procedure and the measured properties are discussed.
Published: 2012
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28. Exchange Coupling in Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers and Superlattices

Author: Margaret Dobrowolska, Jonathan C. Leiner, Xiaofeng Liu, Jacek K. Furdyna, Brian J. Kirby, Jae Ho Chung, and Soon Gul Lee
Subjects: Coupling, Materials science, Spintronics, Condensed matter physics, Superlattice, General Physics and Astronomy, Giant magnetoresistance, Magnetic semiconductor, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Magnetization, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ferromagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract: The study of ferromagnetic semiconductors continues to be of great interest because of their potential for spintronic devices. While there has been much progress in our understanding of ferromagnetic semiconductor materials particularly of the canonical III V system Ga1−xMnxAs many issues still remain unresolved. One of these is the nature of interlayer exchange coupling in GaMnAs-based multilayers, an issue that is important from the point of view of possible spintronic applications. In this connection, it is important to establish under what conditions the interlayer exchange coupling between successive GaMnAs layers is antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic, since manipulation of such interlayer exchange coupling can then be directly applied to achieve giant magnetoresistance and other devices based on this material. In this review we will describe magneto-transport, magnetization, and neutron re ectometry experiments applied to two types of GaMnAs-based multilayer structures superlattices and tri-layers consisting of GaMnAs layers separated by non-magnetic GaAs spacers. These measurements serve to identify conditions under which AFM coupling will occur in such GaMnAs/GaAs multilayer systems, thus providing us the information which can be used for manipulating magnetization (and thus also giant magnetoresistance) in structures based on the ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs.
Published: 2012
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29. Fabrication and characterization of an attonewton-sensitivity Si cantilever with an Nb micro-ring

Author: Jae-Hyuk Choi, Yun Won Kim, Heon Hwa Choi, and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Superconductivity, Cantilever, Materials science, Silicon, chemistry, Condensed matter physics, Magnetic flux quantum, Transition temperature, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Wafer, Sensitivity (control systems), Sputter deposition
Abstract: We have fabricated ultrasensitive silicon cantilevers integrated with a superconducting Nb microring as a key part of a flux quantum-based force measurement system and have characterized both their mechanical and superconducting properties by using mechanical methods. A 50-nm-thick Nb ring with inner and outer radii of 5 µm and 10 µm was mounted by DC magnetron sputtering and lift-off on the end of a 410-µm-long, 4-µm-wide and 340-nm-thick single-crystalline silicon cantilever. The cantilever showed a force sensitivity as good as ${{4.2 aN} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{4.2 aN} {\sqrt {Hz} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\sqrt {Hz} }}$ at 3 K, which was estimated from its spring constant of 2.6 × 10−5 N/m and a quality factor of 31000. The superconducting property of the Nb micro-ring was observed from the variation of the cantilever’s vibration amplitude while the vibration was driven by an excitation coil, showing a transition temperature of 7 K. The superconducting transition was also confirmed through an electrical transport measurement for a separately-prepared Nb strip film on a silicon wafer.
Published: 2012
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30. Measurement of Ion Kinetic-energy Distributions in Electron-impact Ion Sources of a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer

Author: Jong Rok Ahn, Soon Gul Lee, and Chang Joon Park
Subjects: Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Materials science, Ion beam deposition, Physics::Plasma Physics, Selected reaction monitoring, General Physics and Astronomy, Selected ion monitoring, Atomic physics, Mass spectrometry, Electron ionization, Ion source, Ion
Abstract: An ideal ion source should create stable ion beams of sufficient intensity with an ion energy spread as low as possible. Most electron-impact ion sources used in mass spectrometers have been based on the design by Nier. Calculation of the potential distribution in the ion source revealed that the ion extraction efficiency could be improved by applying a positive repeller potential to the ionization chamber, which is normally at ground potential in a Nier-type ion source. Ion kinetic-energy distributions were measured in a Nier-type ion source and in a modified ion source by applying a retarding pole bias potential to the quadrupole at various emission currents and chamber pressures. As the emission current or the chamber pressure was increased, the most probable energy was shifted to a higher energy in both ion sources. However, the ion kinetic-energy spread was smaller and varied less in the modified ion source while it was larger in the conventional Nier-type ion source.
Published: 2011
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31. TNF-α-induced ROS production triggering apoptosis is directly linked to Romo1 and Bcl-XL

Author: J.J. Kim, Yongju Yoo, Soon-Gul Lee, and Jungyun Park
Subjects: Mitochondrial ROS, Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein, bcl-X Protein, Apoptosis, Mitochondrion, Biology, Transfection, Models, Biological, Cell Line, Mitochondrial Proteins, Humans, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, RNA, Small Interfering, Molecular Biology, Sequence Deletion, Death domain, Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial, chemistry.chemical_classification, Caspase 8, Reactive oxygen species, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Kinase, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, NF-kappa B, Membrane Proteins, Cell Biology, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2, Caspase Inhibitors, Molecular biology, TNF Receptor-Associated Death Domain Protein, Mitochondria, Cell biology, chemistry, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Reactive Oxygen Species, HeLa Cells, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have an important function in cell death by activating c-Jun N-terminal kinase. However, the exact mechanism of mitochondrial ROS production, after TNF-alpha stimulation, is not clearly understood. In this study, we determined that ROS modulator 1 (Romo1) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-X(L)) are directly associated with TNF-alpha-induced ROS production. In response to TNF-alpha, TNF complex II, which consists of receptor-interacting protein 1, TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain, TNF receptor-associated factor 2, Fas-associated death domain protein, and pro-caspase-8, binds to the C-terminus of Romo1 located in the mitochondria. Concurrently, Romo1 recruits Bcl-X(L) to reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, resulting in ROS production and apoptotic cell death. On the basis of these results, we suggest that Romo1 is a molecular bridge between TNF-alpha signaling and the mitochondria for ROS production that triggers TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, as well as a novel target in the development of anti-inflammatory agents that block the origin of ROS production.
Published: 2010
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32. Control Schemes of Quantum-Based Pico-Newton Force Measurement

Author: Yun Won Kim, Jae-Hyuk Choi, Soon-Gul Lee, and Min Young Kim
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, Flux pinning, Condensed matter physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Force gauge, Biasing, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic flux, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Quantization (physics), Magnetic flux quantum, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: We propose control-measurement schemes for flux-quantum-based pico-newton force metrology. A micron-sized superconducting ring placed in magnetic field gradients can serve as a pico-newton force gauge. Constant-force steps can be realized by controlling the flux quanta in the superconductor ring. Two different schemes are proposed to control and measure the number of flux quanta in the ring. They are the fixed bias-flux mode and the fixed bias-current mode. In the fixed bias-flux (bias-current) mode, external bias-flux (transport bias-current) is fixed just below the resistive transition and entry of the flux quanta is monitored by counting the voltage bumps with increasing the bias current (the external flux). At the targeted number of flux quanta, bias current and flux are reset to zero. The number of flux quanta trapped in the ring can be confirmed by counting the voltage bumps with increasing the bias current up to the maximum critical current of the ring. Simultaneous flux control and force measurement is made by measuring force steps in field gradient with counting the number of flux quanta exciting the ring with increasing the bias current.
Published: 2009
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33. Measurement of MCG in Unshielded Environment Using a Second-Order SQUID Gradiometer

Author: K.K. Yu, Yong-Ki Park, C.S. Kang, Yong-Ho Lee, Kyung-Seok Kim, J.M. Kim, Hyu-Sang Kwon, Hyun Kyoon Lim, and Soon Gul Lee
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Inductor, Noise (electronics), Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, law, Electromagnetic coil, Shielded cable, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Resistor, business
Abstract: In this paper, we fabricated a low-TC second-order superconducting quantum interference device gradiometer (SQUID) to measure magnetocardiography (MCG) in unshielded environment. The second-order gradiometer consists of the pickup coil and the SQUID. The pickup coil is formed with two single-turn coils and one double-turn coil. The three coils are connected in order of single-, double-, and single-turn coil. The coupling polarity of two single coils is opposite to the double-turn coil. The SQUID is based on double relaxation oscillation SQUID (DROS), which consists of a hysteretic signal SQUID, a reference junction, and shunted a relaxation circuit with a resistor and an inductor. The DROS has ten times larger flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient (~ 1 mV/Phi0) than that of the conventional SQUID. Therefore, DROS could be operated with a simple flux-locked loop circuit. The pickup coil and the SQUID were fabricated on the independent wafers and connected superconductively using an Nb wire. The overall size of the second-order gradiometer is 94 times 12 mm2 with a baseline of 35 mm. The average field noise was about 8 fT /radicHz at 100 Hz with the second-order gradiometer in shielded or unshielded environment. The noise level is low enough to measure MCG signals in the unshielded environment. Finally, we measure the MCG in shielded and unshielded environments by using the second-order gradiometer and compared the signal characteristics measured in both environments.
Published: 2009
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34. Critical Properties of Submicrometer-Patterned Nb Thin Film

Author: Yung Ho Kahng, Soon-Gul Lee, Jae-Hyuk Choi, and Yun Won Kim
Subjects: Superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Transition temperature, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Sputter deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Sputtering, Proximity effect (superconductivity), Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, business, Electron-beam lithography
Abstract: We have studied transport properties of submicrometer-patterned Nb thin films. Critical parameters, such as transition temperature and critical current density, were measured as functions of the film width, ranging from 50 nm to 5000 nm, and thickness, from 10 nm to 150 nm. Nb films were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on Si substrates and patterned by lift-off with e-beam lithography. For a given film thickness, superconducting transition temperature, T c, decreased with decreasing film width below 200 nm. In the thickness (d ) dependence, T c dropped drastically for d les 20 nm due to proximity effect of surface layers, which are formed by strain or oxidation. The critical current density J c for a given film thickness increased gradually with decreasing width and decreased sharply below 200 nm. The gradual J c increase for wide strips is analyzed to be due to edge barrier effect for flux entry near the transition. The sharp drop below 200 nm is ascribed to the width variation of the size of about 20 nm along the strip and contamination of the film edge. These results are useful for designing and analyzing submicron-line-based superconducting electronic devices.
Published: 2009
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35. Local-Gating Carbon-Nanotube Transistor with Poly-Si Bottom Gates

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, Sunkyung Moon, Woon Song, and Jinhee Kim
Subjects: Carbon nanotube quantum dot, Materials science, law, Transistor, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Gating, Carbon nanotube, law.invention, Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor
Published: 2009
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36. Polarization and excitation power-dependent photoluminescence of magnetic/non-magnetic coupled quantum dots

Author: Jacek K. Furdyna, Soon Gul Lee, and Margaret Dobrowolska
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Chemistry, Magnetic semiconductor, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Molecular physics, Magnetic field, Inorganic Chemistry, Quantum dot, Materials Chemistry, Circular polarization, Excitation
Abstract: The magneto-photoluminescence experiments have been performed on a coupled quantum dots (QDs) system composed of CdSe and CdMnSe QD double layers. The photoluminescence peaks from two QD layers forms a wide PL band due to the inhomogeneous broadening of QD ensemble in the coupled QD system. The intensity of the PL band undergoes significant change when a magnetic field is applied. Specifically, the QD system shows large difference in intensity between σ − and σ + circular polarizations, which results from the spin polarization of carriers in the presence of magnetic field. Interestingly, while the lower energy side of the PL band was dominated by the σ + circular polarization, the higher energy side of the band was dominated by the σ − circular polarization. Furthermore, the relative PL intensity at the low energy side of the band remarkably increases with decrease in excitation power for the σ + circular polarization, while it showed no significant change for σ − circular polarization. Such polarization and excitation power-dependent behaviors of PL intensity enable us to identify the relative potential profile of the magnetic/non-magnetic coupled QD systems.
Published: 2009
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37. Performance Investigation of a Three-Dimensional SQUID MCG System by Using a Computer Simulation

Author: Kiwoong Kim, Hyun Kyoon Lim, Soon-Gul Lee, Yong Ho Lee, Hyukchan Kwon, Yong-Ki Park, Chan Seok Kang, and Kwon Kyu Yu
Subjects: Physics, Squid, Condensed matter physics, biology, biology.animal, General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetocardiography
Published: 2008
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38. Characteristics of magnetocardiograms measured using various pickup coil structures

Author: Chan Seok Kang, In-Seon Kim, Ki-Bok Kim, Jin Mok Kim, Hyun Kyoon Lim, Y. H. Lee, Yong-Ki Park, Kwon-Kyu Yu, Soon Gul Lee, and Hyu-Sang Kwon
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, Oscillation, Magnetometer, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Condensed Matter Physics, Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Planar, law, Waveform, Pickup, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Magnetocardiography
Abstract: Magnetocardiograms (MCG) measured using multichannel SQUID sensors of different pickup coil configuration have different magnetic signal waveforms and field distributions. In order to compare MCG data measured using different multichannel systems and to make standard format of data, we fabricated and characterized three different MCG systems each having different structure of pickup coils. Pickup coils are integrated magnetometer, planar first-order gradiometer with baseline 4 cm, planar second-order gradiometer with baseline 5 cm. The magnetometer system measures normal component of MCG fields with 61 channels, and the two planar gradiometer systems measure tangential components of MCG fields each with 64 channels. The SQUIDs are double relaxation oscillation SQUID type fabricated using Nb/Al-oxide/Nb thin film process on Si wafers. From the measured tangential field maps, normal component waveforms and field maps were reconstructed using minimum norm estimation method. The average correlation values over one cardiac cycle between the measured B z waveforms and reconstructed B z waveforms were higher than 90% both for the first-order and second-order gradiometers, meaning that we can transform reliably the tangential measurement results to the conventional normal measurement scheme.
Published: 2007
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39. Long Baseline 2nd-Order High-$T_{\rm c}$ SQUID Gradiometer Made From a Single-Layer ${\rm YBa}_{2}{\rm Cu}_{3}{\rm O}_{7}$ Film

Author: Soon-Gul Lee, In-Seon Kim, and Soo-Ho Oh
Subjects: Superconductivity, Josephson effect, High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Focused ion beam, Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Sapphire, Grain boundary, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ion milling machine
Abstract: We have fabricated a 30 mm long baseline 2nd-order SQUID gradiometer from a single-layer YBa2Cu3O7 film. The gradiometer was patterned from a YBa2Cu3O7 film on a sapphire substrate by argon ion milling with a photoresist mask. The device had an overall size of 70.2 mm times 10.6 mm and a baseline of 30 mm with three parallel-aligned 10.2 mm times 10.2 mm pickup loops coupled directly to a dc SQUID to measure part2Bz/partx2. Josephson elements of the device were YBa2Cu3O7 nanobridges which were made by a focused ion beam technique. Design of the gradiometer was based on the same rules as those of 2.9 mm short baseline gradiometers. Gradient sensitivity of the gradiometer was estimated to be ~ 1.8 times 10-10 T/m2 /Hz1/2, which was equivalent to a field noise of 160 fT/Hz1/2, for an intrinsic SQUID flux noise of 10-5Phi0/Hz1/2. We also studied the transition properties of the YBa2Cu3O7 nanobridge. The bridge showed an superconductor- normal metal-superconductor (SNS) behavior with the top Au layer intact and an superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) behavior with Au removed. We believe that the Josephson nature of the bridge is ascribed to naturally formed grain boundaries in the bridge.
Published: 2007
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40. Comparison of Magnetocardiograms Measured Using Different SQUID Pickup Coil Configuration

Author: K.K. Yu, Jeong-Man Kim, Hyukchan Kwon, In-Seon Kim, Soon Gul Lee, Chan-Seok Kang, Y.K. Park, Young-Joong Lee, Kyungryun Kim, and H.K. Lim
Subjects: Materials science, Magnetometer, business.industry, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, Planar, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, law, Electromagnetic shielding, Waveform, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Magnetocardiography
Abstract: We fabricated multichannel magnetocardiogram (MCG) systems of 1 magnetometer type and 2 planar gradiometer types, and compared the MCG data measured using different pickup coil systems. The magnetometer type is a 61-channel magnetometer system measuring vertical component of MCG fields. The magnetometers were integrated magnetometer structure with the pickup coil and SQUID fabricated on the same wafer. The two planar gradiometer systems are 64-channel planar gradiometer systems of first-order with a baseline of 4 cm, and of second-order with a baseline of 5 cm. The planar gradiometer systems are measuring field components tangential to the chest surface. The MCG waveforms and field distributions were measured on the same subject using the 3 MCG systems of different pickup coil types. The measured field distributions and waveforms were transformed into data of other pickup coil types, and the comparison between the measured and transformed results were done.
Published: 2007
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41. Development of a 6-Channel High-$T_{\rm C}$ SQUID Magnetocardiograph System

Author: Young-Joong Lee, Y.K. Park, Soon Gul Lee, Kiwoong Kim, S.H. Oh, and In-Seon Kim
Subjects: Squid, Materials science, High-temperature superconductivity, biology, business.industry, Magnetometer, Superconducting magnet, Yttrium barium copper oxide, Condensed Matter Physics, Signal, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, law, biology.animal, Electromagnetic shielding, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Magnetocardiography
Abstract: We have developed a new type of magnetocardiograph (MCG) system employing 6 high-TC SQUID magnetometers. We have fabricated high performance YBCO SQUID devices for the system. The lightweight MCG system, requiring liquid nitrogen as a coolant, consists of 6-channel SQUID sensors and an adjustable patient bed with sliding motion. The MCG system showed stable operation in a room with moderate magnetic shielding. In normal operation with a moving subject, we could obtain 36-point and 48-point MCG mappings with high enough signal qualities for clinical trials.
Published: 2007
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42. Fabrication of Planar Sandwich Type Josephson Junctions Using ${\rm MgB}_{2}$ Thin Film With a Nb Counter Electrode

Author: Soon-Gul Lee and Yun Won Kim
Subjects: Josephson effect, Superconductivity, Auxiliary electrode, Materials science, Ion beam, business.industry, Diamond, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Barrier layer, Electrode, engineering, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, business
Abstract: We have fabricated sandwich type MgB2 Josephson junctions by using a Nb thin film as the counter electrode. The junction either contained a normal Au barrier layer or not. Superconducting MgB2 films were prepared on sapphire substrates by either in-situ annealing of cosputtered Mg and B mixture films or ex-situ diffusion annealing of B precursor films in Mg vapor. Surface of the MgB2 base film was mechanically dry-polished with 1/4 mum diamond powder to remove nonsuperconducting residues and subsequently cleaned by using argon ion beam. Junction was defined on an area of 4 mumtimes4 mum through a 150 nm thick SiOx insulating layer by lift-off and completed by depositing a normal thin Au layer (0~10 nm) and finally a 150 nm thick Nb counter electrode. Tc0 was at least 30 K for the MgB2 base electrode and 9 K for the Nb counter electrode. Current-voltage curves showed typical Josephson transition characteristics at critical currents. The junction critical current was modulated periodically in response to an applied magnetic field, in qualitative agreement with the theory of the Fraunhoffer diffraction.
Published: 2007
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43. Gate-tunable superconducting quantum interference devices of PbS nanowires

Author: Bum-Kyu Kim, Yong-Joo Doh, Yiming Yang, Soon-Gul Lee, Hong-Seok Kim, Xingyue Peng, and Dong Yu
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, Physics::Medical Physics, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 010306 general physics, Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetic field, SQUID, Electrode, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, AND gate, Voltage
Abstract: We report on the fabrication and electrical transport properties of gate-tunable superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), made of semiconducting PbS nanowire contacted with PbIn superconducting electrodes. Applied with a magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the nano-hybrid SQUID, periodic oscillations of the critical current due to the flux quantization in SQUID are observed up to T = 4.0 K. Nonsinusoidal current-phase relationship is obtained as a function of temperature and gate voltage, which is consistent with a short and diffusive junction model., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2015
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44. Single-layer 2nd-order SQUID gradiometer and fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7nanobridges as the Josephson elements

Author: Chan Seok Kang, Soon-Gul Lee, Sang-Jae Kim, Hye-Rim Kim, and In-Seon Kim
Subjects: Superconductivity, History, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Analytical chemistry, Focused ion beam, Gradiometer, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, SQUID, law, Optoelectronics, Grain boundary, Electric current, business, Type-II superconductor
Abstract: We have studied fabrication of second-order SQUID gradiometers from single-layer of high-Tc. film. The gradiometer contains three parallel-connected pickup coils which are directly coupled to a step-edge junction SQUID. In the study of short-baseline devices, we achieved an unshielded noise of 0.84 pT/cm2/Hz½ at 1 Hz for a well-balanced gradiometer. As Josephson elements of lone-baseline devices we made submicron YBCO bridges by using a focused ion beam method. In temperature-dependent critical currents, Ic(T), and normal state resistances, RN(T), the bridge showed an SIS-type behavior, which is believed to be due to naturally formed grain boundaries crossing the bridges.
Published: 2006
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45. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of vertically stacked self-assembled CdSe quantum dots in ZnSe

Author: Xinyu Liu, Jacek K. Furdyna, Margaret Dobrowolska, and Soon Gul Lee
Subjects: Materials science, Photoluminescence, business.industry, Activation energy, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Blueshift, Barrier layer, Optics, Quantum dot, Monolayer, Optoelectronics, Emission spectrum, business, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract: We studied the optical properties of multiple layers of self-assembled CdSe quantum dots (QDs) embedded in ZnSe, grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The ZnSe barrier thicknesses separating the QD layers ranged from 30 to 60 monolayers (ML). For stacks with thinnest ZnSe barriers photoluminescence (PL) measurements reveal blue shifts as large as 180 meV relative to PL observed for single QD layers. The amount of blue shift decreases with increasing barrier thickness, and for the 60 ML spacer the PL energy returns to that emitted by a single layer of QDs. Temperature dependence of the integrated intensity of the emission spectra reveals that the activation energy for PL quenching is largest for barrier thicknesses of 30 and 45 ML. We tentatively attribute these effects to a decrease in the size of the vertically stacked QDs when the thickness of the barrier layers is small.
Published: 2006
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46. Inter-dot spin exchange interaction in coupled II–VI semiconductor quantum dots

Author: Margaret Dobrowolska, Soon Gul Lee, and Jacek K. Furdyna
Subjects: Photoluminescence, Condensed matter physics, Spin polarization, Chemistry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Magnetic semiconductor, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Spin-exchange interaction, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Quantum dot, Circular polarization
Abstract: We have performed polarization selective photoluminescence (PL) experiment on a series of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) in the form of single- and double-QD layer systems. The double layers were formed from diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) (either CdMnSe or CdZnMnSe) and non-DMS (either CdSe or CdZnSe) layers, separated by non-DMS ZnSe barriers. The peaks from DMS and non-DMS QD layers are clearly resolved in the PL spectra taken at zero magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied to the double layer QD (DLQD) system, the intensities of the circularly polarized PL peaks corresponding to the non-DMS (i.e., CdSe and CdZnSe) layers exhibit significant changes, reflecting correspondingly large changes in the degrees of spin polarization of the non-DMS QDs. This enhancement of spin polarization observed in the double-layer QD structures is interpreted in terms of anti-parallel spin interaction between carriers localized in the coupled QD pairs.
Published: 2006
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47. Magnetocardiographic Performance of Single-Layer Second-Order YBCO SQUID Gradiometers

Author: Seung Moon Park, In-Seon Kim, Chan Seok Kang, and Soon-Gul Lee
Subjects: Coupling, High-temperature superconductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Yttrium barium copper oxide, Superconducting magnet, Condensed Matter Physics, Noise (electronics), Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, SQUID, Gradient noise, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract: We have studied noise properties and magnetocardiographic performance of single-layer second-order YBCO SQUID gradiometers made on STO substrates. A three-loop pickup coil is directly coupled to a step-edge junction SQUID with the coupling polarity of the center loop opposite to that of two side loops. Optimized device parameters for balancing were obtained from 8.8 mm /spl times/ 3.0 mm devices on 10 mm /spl times/ 10 mm substrates and scaled up to the larger devices for use in cardiomagnetic measurements. A 17.6 mm /spl times/ 6 mm gradiometer with a 5.8 mm baseline showed an unshielded gradient noise of 0.84 pT/cm/sup 2//Hz/sup 1/2/ at 1 Hz, which corresponds to an equivalent field noise of 280 fT/Hz/sup 1/2/. A large balancing factor of 10/sup 3/ allowed us to record magnetocardiogram of a human subject.
Published: 2005
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48. Effect of Low Temperature Annealing on the Magnetic Properties of Ga1?xMnxAs/GaAs Superlattices

Author: I. W. Park, Xiaofeng Liu, Jacek K. Furdyna, S. J. Chung, and Soon Gul Lee
Subjects: Electron mobility, Magnetization, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Condensed matter physics, Remanence, Annealing (metallurgy), Superlattice, Doping, Magnetic semiconductor, Coercivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: We have studied the effect of low-temperature (LT) annealing on the properties of Ga1−xMn x As/GaAs superlattices (SLs). One SL contained GaAs layers doped by Be (which acts as a p-type dopant), while the GaAs layers of the other SL were undoped. The Be-doped SL exhibited a coercive field (HC) three times larger than the undoped SL, and showed a much more robust remanent magnetization (Mr). While the effect of LT annealing on the undoped SL was relatively minor, magnetic properties of the Be-doped SL changed significantly after annealing. The coercive field of the Be-doped SL was reduced about three times, becoming comparable to that of the undoped SL. After annealing the temperature dependence of Mr in the Be-doped SL also became similar to the undoped SL. We discuss the effect of LT annealing on the magnetic properties of the two SL systems in terms of inter-diffusion of carriers, and of the reduced sensitivity to annealing characteristic of capped structures.
Published: 2005
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49. Transition behavior from uncoupled to coupled multiple stacked CdSe/ZnSe self-assembled quantum-dot arrays

Author: Jacek K. Furdyna, Taikon Kim, Soon Gul Lee, Margaret Dobrowolska, Gil-Ho Kim, and Keon-Ho Yoo
Subjects: Nanostructure, Materials science, Photoluminescence, business.industry, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Activation energy, Electron, Condensed Matter Physics, Coupling (electronics), Transmission electron microscopy, Quantum dot, Materials Chemistry, Optoelectronics, business, Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract: Transition behavior from uncoupled to coupled multiple stacked CdSe/ZnSe quantum-dot (QD) arrays grown by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy showed that vertically stacked self-assembled CdSe QD arrays were embedded in the ZnSe barriers. The results for the photoluminescence (PL) data at 18 K demonstrated clearly that the transition behavior from uncoupled to coupled peaks depended on the ZnSe barrier thickness. The temperature-dependent PL measurements showed that the activation energy of the electrons confined in the CdSe QDs increased dramatically with decreasing ZnSe spacer layer thickness due to the strong coupling between CdSe/ZnSe QD arrays. The present observations can help improve understanding of the dependence of the coupling behavior and activation energy in CdSe/ZnSe QDs on the spacer layer thickness.
Published: 2005
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50. A multichannel double relaxation oscillation SQUID magnetometer system for magnetoencephalogram

Author: Yong-Ho Lee, Chan Seok Kang, Yong-Ki Park, Jin-Mok Kim, Hyukchan Kwon, Kiwoong Kim, and Soon Gul Lee
Subjects: Physics, Squid, biology, Magnetometer, business.industry, Oscillation, Condensed Matter Physics, Inductor, Noise (electronics), Signal, Gradiometer, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, law, biology.animal, Resistor, business
Abstract: We developed multichannel SQUID magnetometer and gradiometer systems based on double relaxation oscillation SQUIDs (DROS) for use in biomagnetic studies, such as magnetoencephalogram (MEG). DROS consists of two SQUIDs (signal SQUID and reference SQUID) in series, and a relaxation circuit of an inductor and a resistor. Specially, we used single reference junction instead of the reference SQUID. Since DROS magnetometer has about 10 times lager flux-to-voltage transfer coefficient than dc SQUID, we can use simple flux-locked loop electronics for SQUID operation. The measured noise at 100 Hz was 3 fT/ √Hz for the magnetometer and 4 fT/ √Hz for the planar gradiometer, which are low enough for neuromagnetic measurements. We also constructed two kinds of multichannel SQUID systems, 40-channel and 37-channel system. Using this system, we measured several MEG signals.
Published: 2004
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