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118 results on '"Sommers R"'

1. Ex situ calibration of the scattered-light time-history diagnostic on the National Ignition Facility.

Author

Kostick, S., Filkins, T., Rosenberg, M. J., Katz, J., Theobald, W., Lemos, N., Tubman, E., Sommers, R., Hernandez, J. E., Swadling, G., Ross, J. S., Radha, P. B., Grullon, F., Heinmiller, J. M., Fornes, J., Hillyard, P., McCumber, J., Ceurvorst, L., and Regan, S. P.

Subjects
LIGHT transmission, OPTICAL instruments, OPTICAL elements, LIGHT scattering, MEASURING instruments, BRILLOUIN scattering, RAMAN scattering, INERTIAL confinement fusion
Abstract

The scattered-light time-history diagnostic (SLTD) suite measures time-resolved scattered light in three wavelength bands: stimulated Brillouin scattering (350–352 nm), stimulated Raman scattering (430–760 nm), and plasma emission at half the laser frequency (695–735 nm), at 15 locations around the National Ignition Facility (NIF) target chamber. The SLTD, along with the full-aperture backscatter station (FABS), collects scattered light from direct- and indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments. The SLTD calibration was revisited after a discrepancy between FABS and SLTD measurements was observed on NIF polar direct-drive [Skupsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2763 (2004)] experiments. An integrated calibration of the SLTD was performed for the first time, and individual components were also calibrated for the wavelengths of 351, 527, and 532 nm. The optical transmission of the instrument was measured to be (1.12 ± 0.04) × 10−7 and (1.96 ± 0.11) × 10−7 for the wavelengths of 351 and 532 nm, respectively. The revised calibration at 351 nm brings the SLTD measured scattered energy in agreement with the FABS measured scattered energy after additionally accounting for the degradation of an optical element in FABS. This decreased the inferred absorption by 7% for a representative experiment. However, discrepancies remain between FABS and SLTD measurements in the SRS band (532 nm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Race in health research: Considerations for researchers and research ethics committees

Author

Van Staden, W, primary, Nienaber, A, additional, Rossouw, T, additional, Turner, A, additional, Filmalter, C, additional, Mercier, A E, additional, Nel, J G, additional, Bapela, B, additional, Beetge, M M, additional, Blumenthal, R, additional, Castelyn, C D V, additional, De Witt, T W, additional, Dlagnekova, A G, additional, Kotze, C, additional, Mangwane, J S, additional, Napoles, L, additional, Sommers, R, additional, Sykes, L, additional, Van Zyl, W B, additional, Venter, M, additional, Uys, A, additional, and Warren, N, additional

Published
2023
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3. The Scattered Light Time-history Diagnostic suite at the National Ignition Facility

Author

Rosenberg, M. J., primary, Hernandez, J. E., additional, Butler, N., additional, Filkins, T., additional, Bahr, R. E., additional, Jungquist, R. K., additional, Bedzyk, M., additional, Swadling, G., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Michel, P., additional, Lemos, N., additional, Eichmiller, J., additional, Sommers, R., additional, Nyholm, P., additional, Boni, R., additional, Marozas, J. A., additional, Craxton, R. S., additional, McKenty, P. W., additional, Sharma, A., additional, Radha, P. B., additional, Froula, D. H., additional, Datte, P., additional, Gorman, M., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Heinmiller, J. M., additional, Fornes, J., additional, Hillyard, P., additional, and Regan, S. P., additional

Published
2021
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6. Cause of death and predictors of all-cause mortality in anticoagulated patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Data from ROCKET AF

Author

Pokorney, Sean D, Piccini, Jonathan P., Stevens, Susanna R., Patel, Manesh R., Pieper, Karen S., Halperin, Jonathan L., Breithardt, Günter, Singer, Daniel E., Hankey, Graeme J., Hacke, Werner, Becker, Richard C., Berkowitz, Scott D., Nessel, Christopher C., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Fox, Keith A. A., Califf, Robert M., Anderson, J., Bedwell, N., Bilsker, M., Bruce, G., Agah, R., Desantis, M., Eisenberg, S., Flores, A., Herzog, W., Klein, S., Snyder, H., Krueger, S., Almaguer, E., Lavie, E., Lee, C., Mallis, G., Modi, M., Woodworth, G., Niazi, I., Peart, B., Sundaram, S., Snoddy, B., Sotolongo, R., Moloney, J., Vijayaraghavan, K., Whittier, F., Yellen, L., Banerjee, S., Lustgarten, D., Suresh, D., Gelernt, M., Levinson, L., Ghanekar, R., Kneller, G., Hall, C., Fadl, Y., Pirwitz, M., French, W., Mayer, N., Pugeda, J., Steel, K., Mody, F., Malik, A., Chandna, H., Go, A., Emlein, G., Bowden, W., Moscoso, R., Hodson, R., Berk, M., Pan, D., Pappas, J., Orchard, R., Lynchard, G., Vijay, N., Khan, W., El Khadra, M., Antonishen, M., Cucher, F., Staab, M., Zebrack, J., Borromeo, S., Heilman, J., Chaturvedi, S., Makam, S., Turk, S., Hyers, T., Williams, G., Labroo, A., Gill, S., Myears, D., Weinstein, J., Shanes, J., Chandrashekhar, Y., Shah, S., Reiter, W., Logemann, T., Almquist, A., Bhagwat, R., Tak, T., Shen Ling, J., Patel, P., Artis, A., Arouni, A., Lauer, M., Kinney, K., Elsen, J., Roan, P., Villafria, R., Sumpter, M., Ip, J., Welka, S., Schifferdecker, B., Sandoval, R., Speirs, S., Jones, A., Haldis, T., Kazmierski, J., Sutherland, J., Dietrich, D., Telfer, E., Berry, J., Mcelveen, A., Russell, J., Sackett, M., Antonios, N., Smith, D., Vora, K., Kirby, A., Lui, H., Mego, D., Ziada, K., Navas, J., Taussig, A., Koren, M., Vogel, C., Saba, F., Parrott, C., Schneider, R., Shirwany, A., Rubin, M., Treasure, C., Bertolet, B., Chang, M., Langberg, J., Becker, R., Cohen, Y., Mcgrew, F., White, J., Arzola, F., Zelenka, J., Tannenbaum, A., Fernandes, V., Jamnadas, P., Agamasu, J., Collins, B., Jauch, W., Sasseen, B., Hotchkiss, D., Abadier, R., Osunkoya, A., Schlau, A., Chappel, C., Foster, M., Braun, E., Mostel, E., Capo, J., Ashchi, M., Howard, V., Albirini, A., Burger, A., Rolston, D., Staniloae, C., Bacon, J., Wiseman, A., Mcgarvey, J., Sonel, A., Hamroff, G., Chang, D., Daboul, N., Broderick, G., Meholick, A., Corbelli, J., Silverman, R., Raffetto, J., Fishberg, R., Georgeson, S., Held, J., Seidner, M., Saint Jacques, H., Heitner, J., Kutalek, S., Friedlander, I., Hutchinson, B., Walia, J., Kondo, N., Smiley, N., Blitz, L., Dale, H., Sulman, S., Szulawski, I., Modares, F., Martin, R., Nahhas, A., Renzi, M., Akyea Djamson, A., Alfieri, A., Sandhu, J., Voyce, S., Amaram, S., Meyerrose, G., Shoukfeh, M., Lee, F., Villegas, B., Idowu, O., Khera, A., Sam, C., Vo, A., Lieber, I., Smith, T., Awan, N., Tsai, C., Ganim, R., Alzaghrini, G., Pitt, W., Shepherd, A., Tang, S., Stoltz, S., Nelson, W., Cox, S., Meymandi, S., Melucci, M., Thomas, G., Gogia, H., Machell, C., Chandrasekaran, S., Brown, C., Jetty, P., Miller, G., Dykstra, G., Jaffrani, N., Zakhary, B., Caruso, A., Zolty, R., Fox, D., Jacobs, G., Lebenthal, M., Mukherjee, S., Zimetbaum, P., Kingsley, J., Jones, R., Robinson, V., Kenton, D., Usedom, J., Williams, S., Snipes, C., Wilson, V., Hasty, R., Shoemaker, J., Donahue, M., Al Saghir, Y., Thomsen, E., Yarows, S., Chastain, S., Mclaughlin, P., Wakham, M., Shrestha, D., Simmons, J., Fisher, D., Seymour, Z., Frandsen, B., First, B., Sharpe, C., Popeil, L., Guthrie, R., Hunter, J., Alvarado, O., Sandberg, J., Gutman, N., Belber, A., Arkhipov, M., Ballyzek, M., Baranov, A., Barbarash, O., Barbarich, V., Belenky, D., Berkovich, O., Bokarev, I., Boyarkin, M., Vaniev, S., Volkova, E., Gratsiansky, N., Demin, A., Zadionchenko, V., Zateyshchikov, D., Zrazhevsky, K., Mazaev, V., Martynov, A., Mikhailov, S., Mkrtchian, V., Novozhenov, V., Raskina, T., Rebrov, A., Sanina, N., Simanekov, V., Sitnikova, M., Smolenskaya, O., Stryuk, R., Storozhakov, G., Tankhilevich, B., Tereschenko, S., Khokhlov, A., Khrustalev, O., Chernov, S., Shvarts, Y., Shubik, Y., Shulman, V., Yakushin, S., Bugrova, O., Ivleva, A., Libis, R., Khozyainova, N., Maslov, S., Baranova, E., Sherenkov, A., Libov, I., Lusov, V., Chumakova, G., Kuznetsov, V., Ryamzina, I., Reshetko, O., Boldueva, S., Alekseeva, N., Novikova, T., Dvornikov, V., Idrisova, E., Shostak, N., Yarokhno, N., Tebloev, K., Treshkur, T., Mazurov, V., Loktin, E., Sedavnyh, I., Alexeeva, O., Yakhontova, P., Repin, A., Izmozherova, N., Kostenko, V., Fokin, A., Ketova, G., Kouz, S., Leader, R., Ayala Paredes, F., Luton, R., Ma, P., Pandey, S., Pesant, Y., Senior, R., Vertes, G., Bell, A., Crowley, D., Vizel, S., Lasko, B., Landry, D., Berger, L., Heath, J., Bessoudo, R., Ling, M., Tellier, G., Berlingieri, J., Kafka, H., Hill, L., Mazza, G., O'Mahony, W., Chilvers, M., O'Mahony, M., Newman, D., Silagy, S., Heffernan, M., Bennett, M., Bhesania, T., Rockman, G., Ng, K., Kalra, B., Meneses, G., Liang, W., Cheung, M., Kozak, J., Pugen, G., Vavougios, J., Kates, M., Nunes Vaz, C., Jaffer, S., Orfi, J., Faiers, A., Chung, C., Felsen, S., Bergman, S., Bernstein, I., Brownscombe, L., Stockdill, J., Silver, E., Ezekiel, D., Jagan, N., Khurana, M., Reisler, H., Goldman, H., Maung, T., Wong, F., Gillis, G., Vexler, R., Goldberg, B., Luterman, M., Gould, D., Coutu, B., Ouellet, A., Macdonald, P., Jones, M., Collette, R., Chong, P., Fargher, T., St Maurice, F., Fortin, C., Chehayeb, R., Proulx, G., Roy, R., Liutkus, J., Syan, G., Rupka, D., Lichtenstein, T., Kooy, J., Papastergiou, D., Lubelsky, B., Doyle, W., Rajakumar, A., Cha, J., Choudhry, A., Bhamjee, H., Mawji, A., Durfresne, M., Constance, C., Mutrie, J., Najarali, A., Warren, R., Mucha, M., Borts, D., Nord, P., Carrier, S., Dawood, M., Sabe Affaki, G., Archibald, J., Abram, N., Teitelbaum, E., Ebrahim, I., Siebert, R., van Zyl, L., Theron, H., Lloyd, E., Sommers, R., Podgorski, G., Steingo, L., Dalby, A., Bayat, J., Herbst, L., Bester, F., Corbett, C., Bennett, J., Roodt, A., Roux, J., Abelson, M., Mohamed, Z., Nortje, H., Da Silva, A., Nikolaides, K., Liagkas, K., Papasteriadis, E., Achimastos, A., Koliopoulos, N., Trikas, A., Manolis, A., Ruiter, J., Basart, D., Crijns, H., Withagen, A., Janssen, M., Van Langeveld, R., van Gelder, I., Hamer, B., Van Der Heijden, R., Hertzeberger, D., Van Hessen, M., Pieterse, M., Groutars, R., Kuijper, A., De Ruiter, G., van Boven, A., Hoogslag, P., Kragten, H., Thijssen, H., Veldkamp, R., Scavee, C., Heidbuchel, H., Debruyne, P., Deruyter, B., El Ali, H., Goethals, M., Cytryn, R., Striekwold, H., De Wolf, L., Goethals, P., Provenier, F., Hellemans, S., Galinier, M., Coisne, D., Koenig, A., Galley, D., Destrac, S., Leduc, J., Rifai, A., Citron, B., Ellie, E., Fournier, P., Steg, G., Landel, R., Robinson, A., Ziegler, F., Boulliat, J., Zuber, M., Vida, M., Galve Basilio, E., Lopez, M., Íñiguez, C., Iglesias Alonso, L., Cavero Gibanel, M., Olivan Martinez, J., Calvo Iglesias, F., Marco Vera, P., Bruguera Cortada, J., Jaber Houbani, A., Merino, J., Olaz Preciado, F., Balaguer, J., de la Hera Galarza, J., Martinez Rubio, A., Fontcuberta, J., Sotillo Marti, J., Gonzalez Juanatey, J., Del Campo, R., Vivanco, G., Alvarez Garcia, P., Pelayo, M., Lippai, J., Zamolyi, K., Károly, T., Vertes, A., Nagy, A., Kosa, I., Janosi, A., Lupkovics, G., Kalo, E., Forster, T., Kis, E., Tenczer, J., Bereczki, D., Komoly, S., Csanyi, A., Kiss, R., Valikovics, A., Dioszeghy, P., Masini, F., Terrosu, P., Cirrincione, V., Marabotti, C., Cosmi, F., Salvioni, A., Binetti, G., Piovaccari, G., Nassiacos, D., Boriani, Giuseppe, Calvi, V., De Caterina, R., Pengo, V., Parati, G., Carolei, A., D'Angelo, A., Di Biase, M., Fattore, L., Agnelli, G., Merlini, P., Furlan, M., Rasura, M., Gandolfo, C., Ageno, W., Piovella, F., Micieli, G., Cinteza, M., Fierbinteanu, C., Natase Melicovici, D., Ionescu, D., Macarie, C., Nanea, I., Radoi, M., Tatu Chitoiu, G., Dragulescu, S., Tudose, A., Militaru, C., Bengus, C., Ungureanu, G., Tau, A., Popa, V., Pirvu, O., Bojinca, M., Sipciu, D., Popescu, M., Chiru, M., Vinereanu, D., Tudoran, M., Cojocaru, T., Vintila, M., Aron, G., Petrascu, O., Bolohan, F., Baumgartner, R., Sekoranja, L., Vojacek, J., Lacnak, B., Kellnerova, I., Dunaj, M., Cihalik, C., Janota, T., Janousek, J., Bouchal, P., Spacek, R., Choi Siruckova, J., Heinc, P., Vojtisek, P., Pirchala, M., Malecha, J., Padour, F., Linhart, A., Mandysova, E., Jandik, J., Zidkova, E., Sipula, D., Ostadal, P., Polasek, R., Stransky, V., Marcinek, G., Rysava, D., Osmancik, P., Huber, K., Drexel, H., Brainin, M., Eichinger Hasenauer, S., Lang, W., Pilger, E., Moriarty, A., Hudson, I., Tang, K., Cleland, J., Macwalter, R., Cooke, J., Mcinnes, G., Durairaj, R., Macleod, M., Murdoch, D., Kadr, H., Lip, G., Andrews, R., Hunt, B., Jackson, P., Roffe, C., Syed, H., Bath, P., Coyle, J., Kelly, D., Stender, S., Torppedersen, C., Tuxen, C., Jensen, G., Melchior, T., Klarlund, K., Dahlstrom, C., Nielsen, T., Nielsen, E., Bronnum Schou, J., Sykulski, R., Blomstrom, P., Lindholm, C., Wallen, T., Nilsson, C., Bertholds, E., Carlsater, J., Sirnes, P., Elle, S., Risberg, K., Furuseth, K., Skag, A., Hoivik, H., Landmark, N., Kjaernli, T., Berg Johansen, J., Gradek, G., Drzewiecki, A., Pluta, W., Szwed, H., Trusz Gluza, M., Ogorek, M., Loboz Grudzien, K., Ruszkowski, P., Sciborski, R., Kopaczewski, J., Jaworska, K., Kubica, J., Opolski, G., Hoffman, A., Krzciuk, M., Sinkiewicz, W., Piotrowski, W., Kolodziej, P., Goszczynska, M., Rynkiewicz, A., Chojnowska, L., Lewczuk, J., Biedrzycka, M., Piepiorka, M., Kowal, J., Karczmarczyk, A., Pruszczyk, P., Tendera, M., Gaciong, Z., Krzeminska Pakula, M., Kornacewicz Jach, Z., Kania, G., Brachmann, J., Lawall, H., Guelker, H., Spitzer, S., Moebiuswinkler, S., Dempfle, C., Bode, C., Darius, H., Genth Zotz, S., Sommer, S., Roehnisch, J., Strasser, R., Daenschel, W., Schwencke, C., vom Dahl, J., Meuser, M., Behrens Spandau, S., Behrens Humbold, S., Muegge, A., Schoen, N., Grooterhorst, P., Ebert, H., Kraemer, A., Kohler, B., Taggeselle, J., Claus, G., Sarnighausen, H., Al Zoebi, A., Schroeder, T., Weissbrodt, M., Lange, R., Gabelmann, M., Kaeaeb, S., Doerr, M., Boscher, D., Bosch, R., Sonntag, F., Bauknecht, C., Omran, H., Leicht, M., Veltkamp, R., Hohensee, H., Dieckmann, H., Winkelmann, B., Bernhardt, P., Schnabel, A., Kadel, C., Proskynitopoulos, N., Seidl, K., Schellong, S., Rios, C., Guevara, C., Coloma, R., Torrejon, H., Parra Galvan, J., Drago Silva, J., Gallegos, J., Mendoza, A., Negron, S., Watanabe, L., Medina, F., Virgen Carrilo, L., Alvarez Lopez, H., Rodriguez, I., Leiva Pons, J., Baños Velasco, A., Villarreal Careaga, J., De los Rios, M., Alcocer Gamba, M., Llamas Esperon, G., Villeda, E., Ahuad Guerrero, A., Alvariqueta, A., Amuchastegui, M., Bluguermann, J., Caime, G., Cuneo, C., Gabito, A., Garcia Brasca, D., Hominal, M., Jure, H., Luquez, H., Montana, O., Piskorz, D., Listorti, S., Serra, J., Sessa, H., Varini, S., Vita, N., Aiub, J., Mackinnon, I., Chekherdemian, S., Castagnino, J., Cimbaro Canella, J., Sgammini, H., Escudero, A., Albina, G., Rapallo, C., Balparda, C., Chahin, M., Fuentealba, V., Riccitelli, M., Casabe, J., Lobo Marquez, L., Kevorkian, R., Cuadrado, J., Dran, R., Muntaner, J., Gonzalez, M., Cartasegna, L., Hasbani, E., Hrabar, A., Sanchez, A., Vogel, D., Hershson, A., Avezum, A., Jaber, J., Ernesto Leaes, P., Bozza, A., Lorga Filho, A., Pimentel Filho, P., Moura Jorge, J., Maia, L., Manenti, E., D'Aurea Mora, R., de Souza Neto, J., Precoma, D., Rabelo, A., Rocha, J., Rossi, P., Kerr Saraiva, J., Zimerman, L., Bodanese, L., Figueiredo, E., de Souza, W. Sebba Barroso, Braga, J., Alessi, S., Gomes, M., Silva, R., Teixeira, M., Costa, F., Motta, M., Sobral Filho, D., Reis, G., Garbelini, B., Zimmermann, S., Pereira Barretto, A., Dohmann, H., Barreto Filho, J., Ghorayeb, N., Borelli, F., Rossi dos Santos, F., Lopes Prudente, M., Vejar, M., Lanas, F., Del Pino, R., Potthoff, S., Charme, G., Aguirre, A., Saldana, A., Garces, E., Bunster, L., Figueroa, H., Olivares, C., Raffo, C., Vergara, E., Sepulveda, P., Jano, G., Morales Alvarado, J., Suarez, R., Urina, M., Perez, G., Quintero, A., Pava, L., Botero Lopez, R., Luengas, C., Hernandez, E., Sanchez, D., Poveda, C., Coronel, J., Beltran, R., Jaramillo, C., Pardo, J., Ponte Negretti, C., Isea, J., Vergara, G., Morr, I., Sim, K., Wan Ahmad, W., Yusof, Z., Rosman, A., Basri, H., Thompson, P., Jeffery, P., Purnell, I., Roberts Thomson, P., Heddle, W., Waites, J., Walters, D., Amerena, J., Challa, P., Karrasch, J., Lowy, A., Fitzpatrick, D., Parsons, M., Phan, T., Bladin, C., Donnan, G., Aroney, G., Gerraty, R., Anderson, C., Blombery, P., Martin, P., Tissa Wijeratne, K., Cross, D., Crimmins, D., Packham, D., Jackson, D., Chua, W., Merino, R., Magno, M., Tirador, L., Batalla, E., Manalo, C., Uy, N., Ebo, G., Reyes, E., Bernan, A., Richards, M., Hart, H., Mann, S., Fisher, R., Stewart, R., Wilkins, G., Barber, A., Tan, R., Ong, H., Singh, R., Sukonthasarn, A., Tanomsup, S., Krittayaphong, R., Piamsomboon, C., Piyayotai, D., Sunsaneewitayakul, B., Baek, S., Seo, H., Rim, S., Kim, C., Kim, K., Ryu, K., Jo, S., Tahk, S., Lee, H., Kim, Y., Shin, D., Choi, Y., Chung, N., Namgung, J., Hong, T., Shin, W., Jin, S., Yan, X., Fu, G., Lu, G., Yang, K., Xu, D., Chen, J., Liu, J., Wu, S., Song, J., Liao, Y., Xu, B., Li, Z., Ma, S., Yin, Y., Zhao, Y., Hu, D., Ma, C., Ma, J., Sun, J., Li, H., Hong, X., Yu, B., Lu, Q., Yang, J., Wu, Z., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, M., Cheng, Y., Yang, T., Chen, K., Wang, H., Yuan, Z., Wang, J., Zeng, Z., Chen, Y., Yavuzgil, O., Kozan, O., Etemoglu, M., Diker, E., Belgi, A., Ceyhan, C., Cin, V., Yilmaz, O., Ata, N., Altunkeser, B., Agacdiken Agir, A., Karadede, A., Topsakal, R., Gulati, R., Madhavan, A., Jain, S., Oomman, A., Janorkar, S., Kumar, P., Madhukar Naik, A., Thacker, H., Rajasekhar, V., Reddy, R., Keshavamurthy, C., Jain, P., Gowdappa, B., Gadkari, M., Abhyankar, A., Ramesh Babu, B., Vydianathan, P., Sinha, S., Garg, N., Rao, S., Gautam, P., Chockalingam, K., Kumbla, M., Panwar, R., Banker, D., Kaste, M., Jäkälä, P., Roine, R., Mihov, A., Raev, D., Yordanova, V., Dimitrova, S., Benov, H., Tsanova, V., Kyolean, M., Marchev, S., Stoikov, A., Zdravkov, N., Ramshev, K., Krastev, A., Stamenova, P., Angelova, I., Pencheva, G., Grigorova, V., Petrauskiene, B., Skripkauskiene, I., Raugaliene, R., Norkiene, S., Mazutavicius, R., Kavoliuniene, A., Aidietiene, S., Aganauskiene, J., Dailydkiene, A., Marcinkeviciene, J., Grigoniene, L., Anusauskiene, J., Kavaliauskiene, R., Lizogub, V., Rudenko, L., Tseluyko, V., Voronkov, L., Sychov, O., Svyshchenko, Y., Sirenko, Y., Serkova, V., Seredyuk, N., Pertseva, T., Netyazhenko, V., Lishnevska, V., Kupchynska, O., Koval, O., Koshukova, G., Karpenko, O., Grishyna, O., Faynyk, A., Dzyak, G., Dyadyk, O., Yena, L., Volkov, V., Rudyk, I., Kopytsya, M., Kononenko, L., Amosova, K., Zhurba, S., Kazimirko, V., Iuzkiv, I., Shershnyova, O., Khomazyuk, T., Batushkin, V., Vykhovanyuk, I., Popik, G., Skrebkov, V., Skurtov, A., Mishchenko, T., Lytvynenko, N., Sokolova, L., Vatutin, M., Shved, M., Rebrov, B., Kadina, L., Vajda, M., Ursol, G., Zheleznyy, V., Vysochanska, T., Gozhenko, A., Fan, K., Ho, D., Tse, H., Yu, C., Wong, L., Yeh, H., Pai, P., Hsieh, I., Huang, C., Hsieh, Y., Yin, W., Tsai, L., Huang, T., Chen, C., Chiang, F., Ueng, K., Charng, M., Marmor, A., Katz, A., Butnaru, A., Lewis, B., Eldar, M., Rosenhack, S., Elias, N., Koifman, B., Shochat, M., Swissa, M., Zimlichman, R., Bental, T., Weiss, A., Ganam, R., Elias, M., Nseir, W., Oliven, A., Brenner, B., Dayan, M., Pokorney, S, Piccini, J, Stevens, S, Patel, M, Pieper, K, Halperin, J, Breithardt, G, Singer, D, Hankey, G, Hacke, W, Becker, R, Berkowitz, S, Nessel, C, Mahaffey, K, Fox, K, Califf, R, Parati, G, Neurologian yksikkö, and Clinicum

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Administration, Oral, Comorbidity, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, THERAPY, Sudden Cardiac Death, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, Sudden cardiac death, 0302 clinical medicine, Rivaroxaban, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Atrial Fibrillation, 80 and over, Medicine, Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, atrial fibrillation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stroke, Cause of death, Original Research, CATHETER ABLATION, Aged, 80 and over, DABIGATRAN, Age Factors, Atrial fibrillation, 3. Good health, Intention to Treat Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Mortality, Warfarin, Aged, Anticoagulants, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Factor Xa Inhibitors, Female, Humans, Multivariate Analysis, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Administration, medicine.drug, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Catheter ablation, Dabigatran, 03 medical and health sciences, RISK-FACTOR, Intensive care medicine, METAANALYSIS, Ischemic Stroke, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Heart Failure, CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE, business.industry, EFFICACY, medicine.disease, warfarin, Emergency medicine, FOLLOW-UP, business
Abstract

Background Atrial fibrillation is associated with higher mortality. Identification of causes of death and contemporary risk factors for all‐cause mortality may guide interventions. Methods and Results In the Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation (ROCKET AF) study, patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose‐adjusted warfarin. Cox proportional hazards regression with backward elimination identified factors at randomization that were independently associated with all‐cause mortality in the 14 171 participants in the intention‐to‐treat population. The median age was 73 years, and the mean CHADS 2 score was 3.5. Over 1.9 years of median follow‐up, 1214 (8.6%) patients died. Kaplan–Meier mortality rates were 4.2% at 1 year and 8.9% at 2 years. The majority of classified deaths (1081) were cardiovascular (72%), whereas only 6% were nonhemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism. No significant difference in all‐cause mortality was observed between the rivaroxaban and warfarin arms ( P =0.15). Heart failure (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% CI 1.33–1.70, P CI 1.51–1.90, P Conclusions In a large population of patients anticoagulated for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, ≈7 in 10 deaths were cardiovascular, whereas Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ . Unique identifier: NCT 00403767.

Published
2016

9. Cause of Death and Predictors of All‐Cause Mortality in Anticoagulated Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Data From ROCKET AF

Author

Pokorney, Sean D., primary, Piccini, Jonathan P., additional, Stevens, Susanna R., additional, Patel, Manesh R., additional, Pieper, Karen S., additional, Halperin, Jonathan L., additional, Breithardt, Günter, additional, Singer, Daniel E., additional, Hankey, Graeme J., additional, Hacke, Werner, additional, Becker, Richard C., additional, Berkowitz, Scott D., additional, Nessel, Christopher C., additional, Mahaffey, Kenneth W., additional, Fox, Keith A. A., additional, Califf, Robert M., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Bedwell, N., additional, Bilsker, M., additional, Bruce, G., additional, Agah, R., additional, DeSantis, M., additional, Eisenberg, S., additional, Flores, A., additional, Herzog, W., additional, Klein, S., additional, Snyder, H., additional, Krueger, S., additional, Almaguer, E., additional, Lavie, E., additional, Lee, C., additional, Mallis, G., additional, Modi, M., additional, Woodworth, G., additional, Niazi, I., additional, Peart, B., additional, Sundaram, S., additional, Snoddy, B., additional, Sotolongo, R., additional, Moloney, J., additional, Vijayaraghavan, K., additional, Whittier, F., additional, Yellen, L., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Lustgarten, D., additional, Suresh, D., additional, Gelernt, M., additional, Levinson, L., additional, Ghanekar, R., additional, Kneller, G., additional, Hall, C., additional, Fadl, Y., additional, Pirwitz, M., additional, French, W., additional, Mayer, N., additional, Pugeda, J., additional, Steel, K., additional, Mody, F., additional, Malik, A., additional, Chandna, H., additional, Go, A., additional, Emlein, G., additional, Bowden, W., additional, Moscoso, R., additional, Hodson, R., additional, Berk, M., additional, Pan, D., additional, Pappas, J., additional, Orchard, R., additional, Lynchard, G., additional, Vijay, N., additional, Khan, W., additional, El Khadra, M, additional, Antonishen, M., additional, Cucher, F., additional, Staab, M., additional, Zebrack, J., additional, Borromeo, S, additional, Heilman, J., additional, Chaturvedi, S., additional, Makam, S., additional, Turk, S., additional, Hyers, T., additional, Williams, G., additional, Labroo, A., additional, Gill, S., additional, Myears, D., additional, Weinstein, J., additional, Shanes, J., additional, Chandrashekhar, Y., additional, Shah, S., additional, Reiter, W., additional, Logemann, T., additional, Almquist, A., additional, Bhagwat, R., additional, Tak, T., additional, Shen‐Ling, J., additional, Patel, P., additional, Artis, A., additional, Arouni, A., additional, Lauer, M., additional, Kinney, K., additional, Elsen, J., additional, Roan, P., additional, Villafria, R., additional, Sumpter, M., additional, Ip, J., additional, Welka, S., additional, Schifferdecker, B., additional, Sandoval, R., additional, Speirs, S., additional, Jones, A., additional, Haldis, T., additional, Kazmierski, J., additional, Sutherland, J., additional, Dietrich, D., additional, Telfer, E., additional, Berry, J., additional, McElveen, A., additional, Russell, J., additional, Sackett, M., additional, Antonios, N., additional, Smith, D., additional, Vora, K., additional, Kirby, A., additional, Lui, H., additional, Mego, D., additional, Ziada, K., additional, Navas, J., additional, Taussig, A., additional, Koren, M., additional, Vogel, C., additional, Saba, F., additional, Parrott, C., additional, Schneider, R., additional, Shirwany, A., additional, Rubin, M., additional, Treasure, C, additional, Bertolet, B., additional, Chang, M., additional, Langberg, J., additional, Becker, R., additional, Cohen, Y., additional, McGrew, F., additional, White, J., additional, Arzola, F., additional, Zelenka, J., additional, Tannenbaum, A., additional, Fernandes, V., additional, Jamnadas, P., additional, Agamasu, J., additional, Collins, B., additional, Jauch, W., additional, Sasseen, B., additional, Hotchkiss, D., additional, Abadier, R., additional, Osunkoya, A., additional, Schlau, A., additional, Chappel, C., additional, Foster, M., additional, Braun, E., additional, Mostel, E., additional, Capo, J., additional, Ashchi, M., additional, Howard, V., additional, Albirini, A., additional, Burger, A., additional, Rolston, D., additional, Staniloae, C., additional, Bacon, J., additional, Wiseman, A., additional, McGarvey, J, additional, Sonel, A., additional, Hamroff, G., additional, Chang, D., additional, Daboul, N., additional, Broderick, G., additional, Meholick, A., additional, Corbelli, J., additional, Silverman, R., additional, Raffetto, J., additional, Fishberg, R., additional, Georgeson, S., additional, Held, J., additional, Seidner, M., additional, Saint‐Jacques, H., additional, Heitner, J., additional, Kutalek, S., additional, Friedlander, I., additional, Hutchinson, B., additional, Walia, J., additional, Kondo, N., additional, Smiley, N., additional, Blitz, L., additional, Dale, H., additional, Sulman, S., additional, Szulawski, I., additional, Modares, F., additional, Martin, R., additional, Nahhas, A., additional, Renzi, M., additional, Akyea‐Djamson, A., additional, Alfieri, A., additional, Sandhu, J., additional, Voyce, S., additional, Amaram, S., additional, Meyerrose, G., additional, Shoukfeh, M., additional, Lee, F., additional, Villegas, B., additional, Idowu, O., additional, Khera, A., additional, Sam, C., additional, Vo, A., additional, Lieber, I., additional, Smith, T., additional, Awan, N., additional, Tsai, C., additional, Ganim, R., additional, Alzaghrini, G., additional, Pitt, W., additional, Shepherd, A., additional, Tang, S., additional, Stoltz, S., additional, Nelson, W., additional, Cox, S., additional, Meymandi, S., additional, Melucci, M., additional, Thomas, G., additional, Gogia, H., additional, Machell, C., additional, Chandrasekaran, S., additional, Brown, C., additional, Jetty, P., additional, Miller, G., additional, Dykstra, G., additional, Jaffrani, N., additional, Zakhary, B., additional, Caruso, A., additional, Zolty, R., additional, Fox, D., additional, Jacobs, G., additional, Lebenthal, M., additional, Mukherjee, S., additional, Zimetbaum, P., additional, Kingsley, J., additional, Jones, R., additional, Robinson, V., additional, Kenton, D., additional, Usedom, J., additional, Williams, S., additional, Snipes, C., additional, Wilson, V., additional, Hasty, R., additional, Shoemaker, J., additional, Donahue, M., additional, Al‐Saghir, Y., additional, Thomsen, E., additional, Yarows, S., additional, Chastain, S., additional, McLaughlin, P., additional, Wakham, M., additional, Shrestha, D., additional, Simmons, J., additional, Fisher, D., additional, Seymour, Z., additional, Frandsen, B., additional, First, B., additional, Sharpe, C., additional, Popeil, L., additional, Guthrie, R., additional, Hunter, J., additional, Alvarado, O., additional, Sandberg, J., additional, Gutman, N., additional, Belber, A., additional, Arkhipov, M., additional, Ballyzek, M., additional, Baranov, A., additional, Barbarash, O., additional, Barbarich, V., additional, Belenky, D., additional, Berkovich, O., additional, Bokarev, I., additional, Boyarkin, M., additional, Vaniev, S., additional, Volkova, E., additional, Gratsiansky, N., additional, Demin, A., additional, Zadionchenko, V., additional, Zateyshchikov, D., additional, Zrazhevsky, K., additional, Mazaev, V., additional, Martynov, A., additional, Mikhailov, S., additional, Mkrtchian, V., additional, Novozhenov, V., additional, Raskina, T., additional, Rebrov, A., additional, Sanina, N., additional, Simanekov, V., additional, Sitnikova, M., additional, Smolenskaya, O., additional, Stryuk, R., additional, Storozhakov, G., additional, Tankhilevich, B., additional, Tereschenko, S., additional, Khokhlov, A., additional, Khrustalev, O., additional, Chernov, S., additional, Shvarts, Y., additional, Shubik, Y., additional, Shulman, V., additional, Yakushin, S., additional, Bugrova, O., additional, Ivleva, A., additional, Libis, R., additional, Khozyainova, N., additional, Maslov, S., additional, Baranova, E., additional, Sherenkov, A., additional, Libov, I., additional, Lusov, V., additional, Chumakova, G., additional, Kuznetsov, V., additional, Ryamzina, I., additional, Reshetko, O., additional, Boldueva, S., additional, Alekseeva, N., additional, Novikova, T., additional, Dvornikov, V., additional, Idrisova, E., additional, Shostak, N., additional, Yarokhno, N., additional, Tebloev, K., additional, 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additional, Bhesania, T., additional, Rockman, G., additional, Ng, K., additional, Kalra, B., additional, Meneses, G., additional, Liang, W., additional, Cheung, M., additional, Kozak, J., additional, Pugen, G., additional, Vavougios, J., additional, Kates, M., additional, Nunes‐Vaz, C., additional, Jaffer, S., additional, Orfi, J., additional, Faiers, A., additional, Chung, C., additional, Felsen, S., additional, Bergman, S., additional, Bernstein, I., additional, Brownscombe, L., additional, Stockdill, J., additional, Silver, E., additional, Ezekiel, D., additional, Jagan, N., additional, Khurana, M., additional, Reisler, H., additional, Goldman, H., additional, Maung, T., additional, Wong, F., additional, Gillis, G., additional, Vexler, R., additional, Goldberg, B., additional, Luterman, M., additional, Gould, D., additional, Coutu, B., additional, Ouellet, A., additional, MacDonald, P., additional, Jones, M., additional, Collette, R., additional, Chong, P., additional, Fargher, T., additional, St‐Maurice, F., additional, Fortin, C., additional, Chehayeb, R., additional, Proulx, G., additional, Roy, R., additional, Liutkus, J., additional, Syan, G., additional, Rupka, D., additional, Lichtenstein, T., additional, Kooy, J., additional, Papastergiou, D., additional, Lubelsky, B., additional, Doyle, W., additional, Rajakumar, A., additional, Cha, J., additional, Choudhry, A., additional, Bhamjee, H., additional, Mawji, A., additional, Durfresne, M., additional, Constance, C., additional, Mutrie, J., additional, Najarali, A., additional, Warren, R., additional, Mucha, M., additional, Borts, D., additional, Nord, P., additional, Carrier, S., additional, Dawood, M., additional, Sabe‐Affaki, G., additional, Archibald, J., additional, Abram, N., additional, Teitelbaum, E., additional, Ebrahim, I., additional, Siebert, R., additional, van Zyl, L., additional, Theron, H., additional, Lloyd, E., additional, Sommers, R., additional, Podgorski, G., additional, Steingo, L., additional, Dalby, A., additional, Bayat, J., additional, Herbst, L., additional, Bester, F., additional, Corbett, C., additional, Bennett, J., additional, Roodt, A., additional, Roux, J., additional, Abelson, M., additional, Mohamed, Z., additional, Nortje, H., additional, Da Silva, A., additional, Nikolaides, K., additional, Liagkas, K., additional, Papasteriadis, E., additional, Achimastos, A., additional, Koliopoulos, N., additional, Trikas, A., additional, Manolis, A., additional, Ruiter, J., additional, Basart, D., additional, Crijns, H., additional, Withagen, A., additional, Janssen, M., additional, Van Langeveld, R, additional, van Gelder, I., additional, Hamer, B., additional, Van Der Heijden, R, additional, Hertzeberger, D., additional, Van Hessen, M, additional, Pieterse, M., additional, Groutars, R., additional, Kuijper, A., additional, De Ruiter, G, additional, van Boven, A., additional, Hoogslag, P., additional, Kragten, H., additional, Thijssen, H., additional, Veldkamp, R., additional, Scavee, C., additional, Heidbuchel, H., additional, Debruyne, P., additional, Deruyter, B., additional, El Ali, H, additional, Goethals, M., additional, Cytryn, R., additional, Striekwold, H., additional, De Wolf, L, additional, Goethals, P., additional, Provenier, F., additional, Hellemans, S., additional, Galinier, M., additional, Coisne, D., additional, Koenig, A., additional, Galley, D., additional, Destrac, S., additional, Leduc, J., additional, Rifai, A., additional, Citron, B., additional, Ellie, E., additional, Fournier, P., additional, Steg, G., additional, Landel, R., additional, Robinson, A., additional, Ziegler, F., additional, Boulliat, J., additional, Zuber, M., additional, Vida, M., additional, Galve Basilio, E., additional, Lopez, M., additional, Íñiguez, C., additional, Iglesias Alonso, L., additional, Cavero Gibanel, M., additional, Olivan Martinez, J., additional, Calvo Iglesias, F., additional, Marco Vera, P., additional, Bruguera Cortada, J., additional, Jaber Houbani, A., additional, Merino, J., additional, Olaz Preciado, F., additional, Balaguer, J., additional, de la Hera Galarza, J, additional, Martinez Rubio, A., additional, Fontcuberta, J., additional, Sotillo Marti, J., additional, Gonzalez Juanatey, J., additional, Del Campo, R., additional, Vivanco, G., additional, Alvarez Garcia, P., additional, Pelayo, M., additional, Lippai, J., additional, Zamolyi, K., additional, Károly, T., additional, Vertes, A., additional, Nagy, A., additional, Kosa, I., additional, Janosi, A., additional, Lupkovics, G., additional, Kalo, E., additional, Forster, T., additional, Kis, E., additional, Tenczer, J., additional, Bereczki, D., additional, Komoly, S., additional, Csanyi, A., additional, Kiss, R., additional, Valikovics, A., additional, Dioszeghy, P., additional, Masini, F., additional, Terrosu, P., additional, Cirrincione, V., additional, Marabotti, C., additional, Cosmi, F., additional, Salvioni, A., additional, Binetti, G., 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Vinereanu, D., additional, Tudoran, M., additional, Cojocaru, T., additional, Vintila, M., additional, Aron, G., additional, Petrascu, O., additional, Bolohan, F., additional, Baumgartner, R., additional, Sekoranja, L., additional, Vojacek, J., additional, Lacnak, B., additional, Kellnerova, I., additional, Dunaj, M., additional, Cihalik, C., additional, Janota, T., additional, Janousek, J., additional, Bouchal, P., additional, Spacek, R., additional, Choi Siruckova, J., additional, Heinc, P., additional, Vojtisek, P., additional, Pirchala, M., additional, Malecha, J., additional, Padour, F., additional, Linhart, A., additional, Mandysova, E., additional, Jandik, J., additional, Zidkova, E., additional, Sipula, D., additional, Ostadal, P., additional, Polasek, R., additional, Stransky, V., additional, Marcinek, G., additional, Rysava, D., additional, Osmancik, P., additional, Huber, K., additional, Drexel, H., additional, Brainin, M., additional, Eichinger‐Hasenauer, S., additional, Lang, W., additional, Pilger, E., additional, Moriarty, A., additional, Hudson, I., additional, Tang, K., additional, Cleland, J., additional, MacWalter, R., additional, Cooke, J., additional, McInnes, G., additional, Durairaj, R., additional, MacLeod, M., additional, Murdoch, D., additional, Kadr, H., additional, Lip, G., additional, Andrews, R., additional, Hunt, B., additional, Jackson, P., additional, Roffe, C., additional, Syed, H., additional, Bath, P., additional, Coyle, J., additional, Kelly, D., additional, Stender, S., additional, TorpPedersen, C., additional, Tuxen, C., additional, Jensen, G., additional, Melchior, T., additional, Klarlund, K., additional, Dahlstrom, C., additional, Nielsen, T., additional, Nielsen, E., additional, Bronnum‐Schou, J., additional, Sykulski, R., additional, Blomstrom, P., additional, Lindholm, C., additional, Wallen, T., additional, Nilsson, C., additional, Bertholds, E., additional, Carlsater, J., additional, Sirnes, P., additional, Elle, S., additional, Risberg, K., additional, Furuseth, K., additional, Skag, A., additional, Hoivik, H., additional, Landmark, N., additional, Kjaernli, T., additional, Berg‐Johansen, J., additional, Gradek, G., additional, Drzewiecki, A., additional, Pluta, W., additional, Szwed, H., additional, Trusz‐Gluza, M., additional, Ogorek, M., additional, Loboz‐Grudzien, K., additional, Ruszkowski, P., additional, Sciborski, R., additional, Kopaczewski, J., additional, Jaworska, K., additional, Kubica, J., additional, Opolski, G., additional, Hoffman, A., additional, Krzciuk, M., additional, Sinkiewicz, W., additional, Piotrowski, W., additional, Kolodziej, P., additional, Goszczynska, M., additional, Rynkiewicz, A., additional, Chojnowska, L., additional, Lewczuk, J., additional, Biedrzycka, M., additional, Piepiorka, M., additional, Kowal, J., additional, Karczmarczyk, A., additional, Pruszczyk, P., additional, Tendera, M., additional, Gaciong, Z., additional, Krzeminska‐Pakula, M., additional, Kornacewicz‐Jach, Z., additional, Kania, G., additional, Brachmann, J., additional, Lawall, H., additional, Guelker, H., additional, Spitzer, S., additional, MoebiusWinkler, S., additional, Dempfle, C., additional, Bode, C., additional, Darius, H., additional, Genth‐Zotz, S., additional, Sommer, S., additional, Roehnisch, J., additional, Strasser, R., additional, Daenschel, W., additional, Schwencke, C., additional, vom Dahl, J, additional, Meuser, M., additional, Behrens‐Spandau, S., additional, Behrens‐Humbold, S., additional, Muegge, A., additional, Schoen, N., additional, Grooterhorst, P., additional, Ebert, H., additional, Kraemer, A., additional, Kohler, B., additional, Taggeselle, J., additional, Claus, G., additional, Sarnighausen, H., additional, Al‐Zoebi, A., additional, Schroeder, T., additional, Weissbrodt, M., additional, Lange, R., additional, Gabelmann, M., additional, Kaeaeb, S., additional, Doerr, M., additional, Boscher, D., additional, Bosch, R., additional, Sonntag, F., additional, Bauknecht, C., additional, Omran, H., additional, Leicht, M., additional, Veltkamp, R., additional, Hohensee, H., additional, Dieckmann, H., additional, Winkelmann, B., additional, Bernhardt, P., additional, Schnabel, A., additional, Kadel, C., additional, Proskynitopoulos, N., additional, Seidl, K., additional, Schellong, S., additional, Rios, C., additional, Guevara, C., additional, Coloma, R., additional, Torrejon, H., additional, Parra Galvan, J., additional, Drago Silva, J., additional, Gallegos, J., additional, Mendoza, A., additional, Negron, S., additional, Watanabe, L., additional, Medina, F., additional, Virgen Carrilo, L., additional, Alvarez Lopez, H., additional, Rodriguez, I., additional, Leiva‐Pons, J., additional, Baños Velasco, A., additional, Villarreal‐Careaga, J., additional, De los Rios, M, additional, Gamba, M., additional, Llamas Esperon, G., additional, Villeda, E., additional, Ahuad Guerrero, A., additional, Alvariqueta, A., additional, Amuchastegui, M., additional, Bluguermann, J., additional, Caime, G., additional, Cuneo, C., additional, Gabito, A., additional, Garcia Brasca, D., additional, Hominal, M., additional, Jure, H., additional, Luquez, H., additional, Montana, O., additional, Piskorz, D., additional, Listorti, S., additional, Serra, J., additional, Sessa, H., additional, Varini, S., additional, Vita, N., additional, Aiub, J., additional, MacKinnon, I., additional, Chekherdemian, S., additional, Castagnino, J., additional, Cimbaro Canella, J., additional, Sgammini, H., additional, Escudero, A., additional, Albina, G., additional, Rapallo, C., additional, Balparda, C., additional, Chahin, M., additional, Fuentealba, V., additional, Riccitelli, M., additional, Casabe, J., additional, Lobo Marquez, L., additional, Kevorkian, R., additional, Cuadrado, J., additional, Dran, R., additional, Muntaner, J., additional, Gonzalez, M., additional, Cartasegna, L., additional, Hasbani, E., additional, Hrabar, A., additional, Sanchez, A., additional, Vogel, D., additional, Hershson, A., additional, Avezum, A., additional, Jaber, J., additional, Ernesto Leaes, P., additional, Bozza, A., additional, Lorga Filho, A., additional, Pimentel Filho, P., additional, Moura Jorge, J., additional, Maia, L., additional, Manenti, E., additional, D'Aurea Mora, R, additional, de Souza Neto, J, additional, Precoma, D., additional, Rabelo, A., additional, Rocha, J., additional, Rossi, P., additional, Kerr Saraiva, J., additional, Zimerman, L., additional, Bodanese, L., additional, Figueiredo, E., additional, de Souza, W. Sebba Barroso, additional, Braga, J., additional, Alessi, S., additional, Gomes, M., additional, Silva, R., additional, Teixeira, M., additional, Costa, F., additional, Motta, M., additional, Sobral Filho, D., additional, Reis, G., additional, Garbelini, B, additional, Zimmermann, S., additional, Pereira Barretto, A., additional, Dohmann, H., additional, Barreto Filho, J., additional, Ghorayeb, N., additional, Borelli, F., additional, Rossi dos Santos, F., additional, Lopes Prudente, M., additional, Vejar, M., additional, Lanas, F., additional, Del Pino, R., additional, Potthoff, S., additional, Charme, G., additional, Aguirre, A., additional, Saldana, A., additional, Garces, E., additional, Bunster, L., additional, Figueroa, H., additional, Olivares, C., additional, Raffo, C., additional, Vergara, E., additional, Sepulveda, P., additional, Jano, G., additional, Morales Alvarado, J., additional, Suarez, R., additional, Urina, M., additional, Perez, G., additional, Quintero, A., additional, Pava, L., additional, Botero Lopez, R., additional, Luengas, C., additional, Hernandez, E., additional, Sanchez, D., additional, Poveda, C., additional, Coronel, J., additional, Beltran, R., additional, Jaramillo, C., additional, Pardo, J., additional, Ponte Negretti, C., additional, Isea, J., additional, Vergara, G., additional, Morr, I., additional, Sim, K., additional, Wan Ahmad, W., additional, Yusof, Z., additional, Rosman, A., additional, Basri, H, additional, Thompson, P., additional, Jeffery, I., additional, Purnell, P., additional, Roberts‐Thomson, P., additional, Heddle, W., additional, Waites, J., additional, Walters, D., additional, Amerena, J., additional, Challa, P., additional, Karrasch, J., additional, Lowy, A., additional, Fitzpatrick, D., additional, Parsons, M., additional, Phan, T., additional, Bladin, C., additional, Donnan, G., additional, Aroney, G., additional, Gerraty, R., additional, Anderson, C., additional, Blombery, P., additional, Martin, P., additional, Tissa Wijeratne, K., additional, Cross, D., additional, Crimmins, D., additional, Packham, D., additional, Jackson, D., additional, Chua, W., additional, Merino, R., additional, Magno, M., additional, Tirador, L., additional, Batalla, E., additional, Manalo, C., additional, Uy, N., additional, Ebo, G., additional, Reyes, E., additional, Bernan, A., additional, Richards, M., additional, Hart, H., additional, Mann, S., additional, Fisher, R., additional, Stewart, R., additional, Wilkins, G., additional, Barber, A., additional, Tan, R., additional, Ong, H., additional, Singh, R., additional, Sukonthasarn, A., additional, Tanomsup, S., additional, Krittayaphong, R., additional, Piamsomboon, C., additional, Piyayotai, D., additional, Sunsaneewitayakul, B., additional, Baek, S., additional, Seo, H., additional, Rim, S., additional, Kim, C., additional, Kim, K., additional, Ryu, K., additional, Jo, S., additional, Tahk, S., additional, Lee, H., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Shin, D., additional, Choi, Y., additional, Chung, N., additional, Namgung, J., additional, Hong, T., additional, Shin, W., additional, Jin, S., additional, Yan, X., additional, Fu, G., additional, Lu, G., additional, Yang, K., additional, Xu, D., additional, Chen, J., additional, Liu, J., additional, Wu, S., additional, Song, J., additional, Liao, Y., additional, Xu, B., additional, Li, Z., additional, Ma, S., additional, Yin, Y., additional, Zhao, Y., additional, Hu, D., additional, Ma, C., additional, Ma, J., additional, Sun, J., additional, Li, H., additional, Hong, X., additional, Yu, B., additional, Lu, Q., additional, Yang, J., additional, Wu, Z., additional, Li, Y., additional, Huang, Y., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Liu, M., additional, Cheng, Y., additional, Yang, T., additional, Chen, K., additional, Wang, H., additional, Yuan, Z., additional, Wang, J., additional, Zeng, Z., additional, Chen, Y., additional, Yavuzgil, O., additional, Kozan, O., additional, Etemoglu, M., additional, Diker, E., additional, Belgi, A., additional, Ceyhan, C., additional, Cin, V., additional, Yilmaz, O., additional, Ata, N., additional, Altunkeser, B., additional, Agacdiken Agir, A., additional, Karadede, A., additional, Topsakal, R., additional, Gulati, R., additional, Madhavan, A., additional, Jain, S., additional, Oomman, A., additional, Janorkar, S., additional, Kumar, P., additional, Madhukar Naik, A., additional, Thacker, H., additional, Rajasekhar, V., additional, Reddy, R., additional, Keshavamurthy, C., additional, Jain, P., additional, Gowdappa, B., additional, Gadkari, M., additional, Abhyankar, A., additional, Ramesh Babu, B., additional, Vydianathan, P., additional, Sinha, S., additional, Garg, N., additional, Rao, S., additional, Gautam, P., additional, Chockalingam, K., additional, Kumbla, M., additional, Panwar, R., additional, Banker, D., additional, Kaste, M., additional, Jäkälä, P., additional, Roine, R., additional, Mihov, A., additional, Raev, D., additional, Yordanova, V., additional, Dimitrova, S., additional, Benov, H., additional, Tsanova, V., additional, Kyolean, M., additional, Marchev, S., additional, Stoikov, A., additional, Zdravkov, N., additional, Ramshev, K., additional, Krastev, A., additional, Stamenova, P., additional, Angelova, I., additional, Pencheva, G., additional, Grigorova, V., additional, Petrauskiene, B., additional, Skripkauskiene, I., additional, Raugaliene, R., additional, Norkiene, S., additional, Mazutavicius, R., additional, Kavoliuniene, A., additional, Aidietiene, S., additional, Aganauskiene, J., additional, Dailydkiene, A., additional, Marcinkeviciene, J., additional, Grigoniene, L., additional, Anusauskiene, J., additional, Kavaliauskiene, R., additional, Lizogub, V., additional, Rudenko, L., additional, Tseluyko, V., additional, Voronkov, L., additional, Sychov, O., additional, Svyshchenko, Y., additional, Sirenko, Y., additional, Serkova, V., additional, Seredyuk, N., additional, Pertseva, T., additional, Netyazhenko, V., additional, Lishnevska, V., additional, Kupchynska, O., additional, Koval, O., additional, Koshukova, G., additional, Karpenko, O., additional, Grishyna, O., additional, Faynyk, A., additional, Dzyak, G., additional, Dyadyk, O., additional, Yena, L., additional, Volkov, V., additional, Rudyk, I., additional, Kopytsya, M., additional, Kononenko, L., additional, Amosova, K., additional, Zhurba, S., additional, Kazimirko, V., additional, Iuzkiv, I., additional, Shershnyova, O., additional, Khomazyuk, T., additional, Batushkin, V., additional, Vykhovanyuk, I., additional, Popik, G., additional, Skrebkov, V., additional, Skurtov, A., additional, Mishchenko, T., additional, Lytvynenko, N., additional, Sokolova, L., additional, Vatutin, M., additional, Shved, M., additional, Rebrov, B., additional, Kadina, L., additional, Vajda, M., additional, Ursol, G., additional, Zheleznyy, V., additional, Vysochanska, T., additional, Gozhenko, A., additional, Fan, K., additional, Ho, D., additional, Tse, H., additional, Yu, C., additional, Wong, L., additional, Yeh, H., additional, Pai, P., additional, Hsieh, I., additional, Huang, C., additional, Hsieh, Y., additional, Yin, W., additional, Tsai, L., additional, Huang, T., additional, Chen, C., additional, Chiang, F., additional, Ueng, K., additional, Charng, M., additional, Marmor, A., additional, Katz, A., additional, Butnaru, A., additional, Lewis, B., additional, Eldar, M., additional, Rosenhack, S., additional, Elias, N., additional, Koifman, B., additional, Shochat, M., additional, Swissa, M., additional, Zimlichman, R., additional, Bental, T., additional, Weiss, A., additional, Ganam, R., additional, Elias, M., additional, Nseir, W., additional, Oliven, A., additional, Brenner, B., additional, and Dayan, M., additional

Published
2016
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10. Optical properties of thermal control coating contaminated by MMH/N2O4 5-pound thruster in a vacuum environment with solar simulation

Author

Sommers, R. D, Raquet, C. A, and Cassidy, J. F

Subjects
Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract

Cat-a-lac Black, and S13G thermal control coatings were exposed to the exhaust of a thruster in a simulated space environment. Vacuum was maintained at less than 10 to the minus 5th power torr during thruster firing in the liquid helium cooled facility. The thruster was fired in a 50-millisecond pulse mode and the accumulated firing time was 224 seconds. Solar absorptance (alpha sub s) and thermal emittance (sigma) of the coatings were measured in-situ at intervals of 300 pulses. A calorimetric technique was used to measure alpha sub s and sigma. The tests, technique, and test results are presented. The Cat-a-lac Black coatings showed no change in alpha sub s or sigma. The S13G showed up to 25 percent increase in alpha sub s but no change in sigma.

Published
1972

12. View factors for toroids and their parts

Author

Grier, N. T and Sommers, R. D

Subjects
Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract

Radiation view factors for toroid calculated by digital computer

Published
1969

18. Effect of thruster pulse length on thruster-exhaust damage of S13G white thermal control coatings

Author

Sommers, R. D and Raquet, C. A

Subjects
Thermodynamics And Combustion
Abstract

Rocket exhaust products which strike thermal control surfaces cause changes in solar absorptance (Alpha Sub s) and thermal emittance (Epsilon) of these surfaces. A study was made of the effect of rocket pulse duration on exhaust damage to S13G white coatings. Two pulse lengths were used - 14 msec and 50 msec. An MMH/N204 bipropellant 5-lb thrust rocket was fired into a simulated space environment with a vacuum of 0.00001 torr, a liquid helium temperature enclosure, and solar radiation. The changes in solar absorptance and thermal emittance of S13G white coatings due to rocket exhaust were made in-situ for total firing times of 58 seconds with 14 msec pulses and 223.7 sec with 50 msec pulses. The solar absorptance of S13G increased 25 percent due to 223.7 sec of exposure to 50 msec pulses and the thermal emittance was unaffected. The ratio of Alpha Sub s/Epsilon therefore increased by 25 percent. The short 14 msec pulse exhaust exposure caused between 40 and 70 percent increase in solar absorptance and a decrease of between 13 and 18 percent in thermal emittance. The corresponding increase in Alpha Sub s/Epsilon ratio was between 80 and 100 percent. Ultraviolet radiation was present in the short pulse test and may have contributed to the large damage of that test.

Published
1973

22. Effectiveness of an HbA1c tracking tool on primary care management of diabetes mellitus: glycaemic control, clinical practice and usability.

Author

Howard JA, Sommers R, Gould ON, and Mancuso M

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a laboratory data report (the HbA1c Tracking Tool) could be used as an effective intervention to improve diabetes management. DESIGN: A longitudinal quasi-experimental cohort design was used to test the effectiveness of an HbA1c summary report sent to primary care physicians for all patients having HbA1c levels greater than 7%. SETTING: Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. SAMPLE SELECTION: Administrative data from all adult patients with diabetes who had had at least two HbA1c measurements within the year prior to the initiation of the HbA1c Tracking Tool, and who had had five years of HbA1c measurements (2002-2007) overall was included. INTERVENTIONS: In March 2006 all primary care physicians began receiving HbA1c summary reports (through the HbA1c Tracking Tool) as a means to improving the management of diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (a) patient glycaemic control as indicated by HbA1c levels, (b) physician adherence to practice guidelines as indicated by measuring the mean number of HbA1c tests ordered per patient per year, and (c) physician usage rates of the HbA1c Tracking Tool in clinical practice. RESULTS: The sample (n=955) was divided into three subgroups based on flagged HbA1c level (7-<8%, 8-9%, >9%). The strongest effect of the intervention was found in the two groups with the poorest glycaemic control. The effect was stronger in the >9% group (from 10.1 to 9.3%), than in the 8-9% group (a drop of 8.5 to 8.3%). Longitudinal analyses over a five-year period indicated the same findings. Patients were also found to receive more tests across time (from 2.45 tests per year to 3.0 across five years). In terms of usage, 92.1% of the physicians surveyed used the tool in their practice. CONCLUSION: Routinely collected hospital laboratory data can be used both as the basis for an information-based intervention and as a tool to monitor quality of diabetes care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

28. LETTERS.

Author

Schoen, Carl P., Goss, Steven Gregg, Sommers, R. D., Lunn, Arnold, Lowry, E. D., and Wood, Mabel

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, CAUSATION (Philosophy), MATERIALISM
Abstract

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topic published in previous issues. Refutation of Sir Arnold Lunn's argument against materialism and causation; Clarification made by Lunn to his critics who fail to grasp the basic arguments of his article; Literary competition between novelists Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Published
1969

29. LETTERS.

Author

Warner, Midge, Franke, David, Pater, Richard, Mitilineos, Peter, Sommers, R. D., Opitz, Edmund A., Freeman, N. B., Croce, A., Leininger, Kurt V., Pixon, Robert M., Lowrey, Joseph F., and Harrisont, Elizabeth C.

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, AFRICAN Americans, PRACTICAL politics, MARIJUANA
Abstract

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Commendation for Antoni Gollan's article on the great marijuana controversy; Disapproval of Frank S. Meyer's article on respect and employment for African Americans; Clarification of German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche's most difficult book "The Will to Power"; Comments on Anthony Lejeune's article "Left, Right, and Center."

Published
1968

30. Letters.

Author

Sebilia AJ, Girardin B, Burgess KE, Stewart ME, Lassan RG, Sommers R, Dawson KH, and Jewell DA

Published
1985

31. Tips & timesavers.

Author

Guilfoyle M, Jacob KA, Lebel M, Guarnery S, Engram B, Kerrigan K, Kraft M, Contine D, Sommers R, Svedjan A, and Suraci EM

Published
1985

32. Notes & Asides.

Author

Bradford, Pete, Townsend, Alva, Dooling, John A., Rogerson, Kurt D., Sommers, R. D., Schlesinger Jr., Arthur, and Buckley Jr., Wm. F.

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, POETRY (Literary form), PERIODICALS, JOURNALISM
Abstract

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Response to the poem "W. C. Problems," by W. H. von Dreele; Policy of the "National Review" on the use of obscene words in print; Comparison between the "National Review" and the "National Enquirer."

Published
1970

36. What do consumers understand about predispute arbitration agreements? an empirical investigation.

Author

Sommers R

Subjects
United States, Dissent and Disputes, Negotiating, Contracts
Abstract

The results of a survey of 1,071 adults in the United States reveal that most consumers do not pay attention to, let alone understand, arbitration clauses in their everyday lives. The vast majority of survey respondents (over 97%) report having opened an account with a company that requires disputes to be submitted to binding arbitration (e.g., Netflix, Hulu, Cash App, a phone or cable company), yet most are unaware that they have, in fact, agreed to mandatory arbitration (also known as "forced arbitration"). Indeed, over 99% of respondents who think they have never entered into an arbitration agreement likely have done so. Over 92% of respondents report that they have never based a decision to use a product or service on whether the terms and conditions contain an arbitration agreement. When prompted, they largely endorse the following reasons: they were unaware of the arbitration clause, they did not read the terms and conditions, and they thought they had no choice but to agree to mandatory arbitration. Moreover, many respondents presume that if a dispute arises, they will still be able to access the public courts, notwithstanding that they agreed to the terms and conditions. Consumers are largely unaware of opportunities to opt out of mandatory arbitration. They generally do not pay attention to or retain information about the steps required to opt out successfully (e.g., contacting the company within a specified time period). Generally, consumers are unaware that companies like Cash App and Venmo (mobile payment systems utilized by nearly 60% of respondents) allow customers to opt out of mandatory arbitration if they act within a limited time period. Among the minority of respondents (21%) who stated that they had been given an opportunity to opt out, vanishingly few could name any of the steps required to opt out successfully. When presented with a run-of-the-mill contract, of the type consumers routinely encounter, most respondents did not take notice of the arbitration clause. Less than 5% of respondents could recall that the contract they were shown had said anything at all about arbitration. Furthermore, most consumers misperceive the consequences of signing a predispute arbitration agreement. Most mistakenly believe that, after agreeing to terms and conditions mandating binding arbitration, they can still choose to settle their dispute in court, have a jury decide their case, join a class action, and appeal a decision made based on a legal error. For instance, less than 5% of respondents correctly reported that they could neither appeal an erroneous decision to another arbitrator (or set of arbitrators) nor start all over again in court. Less than 1% of respondents correctly understood the full significance of the arbitration agreement, as indicated by their responses to questions about whether they retained the rights to sue, have a jury decide their case, access the public courts, and appeal a decision based on a legal error. In summary, consumers are generally unaware of arbitration clauses, and they tend to hold mistaken beliefs about how arbitration agreements affect consumers' procedural rights., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Roseanna Sommers. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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37. Giving people the words to say no leads them to feel freer to say yes.

Author

Schlund R, Sommers R, and Bohns VK

Subjects
Humans, Emotions, Garbage
Abstract

We examine how to structure requests to help people feel they can say no (or yes) more voluntarily. Specifically, we examine the effect of having the requester provide the request-target with an explicit phrase they can use to decline requests. Part of the difficulty of saying no is finding the words to do so when put on the spot. Providing individuals with an explicit script they can use to decline a request may help override implicit scripts and norms of politeness that generally dictate compliance. This should make individuals feel more comfortable refusing requests and make agreement feel more voluntary. Hence, we hypothesized that telling people how to say no (by providing them with an explicit script) would make compliance decisions feel more voluntary above and beyond merely telling them they can say no. Across two experimental lab studies (N = 535), we find support for this prediction., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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38. Predicting Clinical Deterioration and Mortality at Differing Stages During Hospitalization: A Systematic Review of Risk Prediction Models in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Author

van den Brink DA, de Vries ISA, Datema M, Perot L, Sommers R, Daams J, Calis JCJ, Brals D, and Voskuijl W

Subjects
Child, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, Developing Countries, Hospitalization, Hospital Mortality, Clinical Deterioration
Abstract

Objective: To determine which risk prediction model best predicts clinical deterioration in children at different stages of hospital admission in low- and middle-income countries., Methods: For this systematic review, Embase and MEDLINE databases were searched, and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The key search terms were "development or validation study with risk-prediction model" AND "deterioration or mortality" AND "age 0-18 years" AND "hospital-setting: emergency department (ED), pediatric ward (PW), or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)" AND "low- and middle-income countries." The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was used by two independent authors. Forest plots were used to plot area under the curve according to hospital setting. Risk prediction models used in two or more studies were included in a meta-analysis., Results: We screened 9486 articles and selected 78 publications, including 67 unique predictive models comprising 1.5 million children. The best performing models individually were signs of inflammation in children that can kill (SICK) (ED), pediatric early warning signs resource limited settings (PEWS-RL) (PW), and Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 3 as well as pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (pSOFA) (PICU). Best performing models after meta-analysis were SICK (ED), pSOFA and Pediatric Early Death Index for Africa (PEDIA)-immediate score (PW), and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) (PICU). There was a high risk of bias in all studies., Conclusions: We identified risk prediction models that best estimate deterioration, although these risk prediction models are not routinely used in low- and middle-income countries. Future studies should focus on large scale external validation with strict methodological criteria of multiple risk prediction models as well as study the barriers in the way of implementation., Trial Registration: PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: Prospero ID: CRD42021210489., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest, (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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39. The effects of betamethasone on the amplitude integrated EEG of infants born at 34- or 35-weeks gestation.

Author

Laptook AR, Chalak L, Pappas A, Davis A, Sanchez PJ, Van Meurs KP, Oh W, Sommers R, Shankaran S, Hensman AM, Rouse DJ, McDonald S, Das A, Goldberg RN, Ambalavanan N, Gyamfi-Bannerman C, Thom EA, and Higgins RD

Subjects
Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Cohort Studies, Electroencephalography, Gestational Age, Betamethasone therapeutic use, Premature Birth prevention & control
Abstract

Objective: Assess if maternal betamethasone administration at 34-35 weeks accelerated neonatal amplitude integrated EEG (aEEG) maturation., Study Design: Nested, observational cohort in 7 centers participating in the Antenatal Late Preterm Steroid randomized trial. Up to 2 aEEGs were obtained in neonates born from 34 0 -35 6 weeks gestation before 72 h (aEEG 1) and at 5-7 days (aEEG 2) if hospitalized. Personnel and aEEG central readers were masked to the intervention. The primary outcome was maturation reflected by cycle frequency; secondary outcomes were border voltage, span, and discontinuity., Results: 58 neonates were enrolled (betamethasone, 28, placebo, 30). On aEEG 1, cycle frequency did not differ, but betamethasone exposed infants had a greater lower border voltage and a broader span. On aEEG 2, both groups displayed increases in lower border voltage., Conclusions: Betamethasone associated changes in lower border voltage support accelerated electrical activity. Further investigation is needed to understand the broader span., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Published
2022
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40. When does moral engagement risk triggering a hypocrite penalty?

Author

Jordan J and Sommers R

Subjects
Humans, Risk, Morals, Social Behavior
Abstract

Society suffers when people stay silent on moral issues. Yet people who engage morally may appear hypocritical if they behave imperfectly themselves. Research reveals that hypocrites can-but do not always-trigger a "hypocrisy penalty," whereby they are evaluated as more immoral than ordinary (non-hypocritical) wrongdoers. This pattern reflects that moral engagement can confer reputational benefits, but can also carry reputational costs when paired with inconsistent moral conduct. We discuss mechanisms underlying these costs and benefits, illuminating when hypocrisy is (and is not) evaluated negatively. Our review highlights the role that dishonesty and other factors play in engendering disdain for hypocrites, and offers suggestions for how, in a world where nobody is perfect, people can engage morally without generating backlash., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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41. Autonomy and the folk concept of valid consent.

Author

Demaree-Cotton J and Sommers R

Subjects
Humans, Judgment, Morals, Informed Consent, Personal Autonomy
Abstract

Consent governs innumerable everyday social interactions, including sex, medical exams, the use of property, and economic transactions. Yet little is known about how ordinary people reason about the validity of consent. Across the domains of sex, medicine, and police entry, Study 1 showed that when agents lack autonomous decision-making capacities, participants are less likely to view their consent as valid; however, failing to exercise this capacity and deciding in a nonautonomous way did not reduce consent judgments. Study 2 found that specific and concrete incapacities reduced judgments of valid consent, but failing to exercise these specific capacities did not, even when the consenter makes an irrational and inauthentic decision. Finally, Study 3 showed that the effect of autonomy on judgments of valid consent carries important downstream consequences for moral reasoning about the rights and obligations of third parties, even when the consented-to action is morally wrong. Overall, these findings suggest that laypeople embrace a normative, domain-general concept of valid consent that depends consistently on the possession of autonomous capacities, but not on the exercise of these capacities. Autonomous decisions and autonomous capacities thus play divergent roles in moral reasoning about consent interactions: while the former appears relevant for assessing the wrongfulness of consented-to acts, the latter plays a role in whether consent is regarded as authoritative and therefore as transforming moral rights., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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43. Using random assignment to measure court accessibility for low-income divorce seekers.

Author

Greiner DJ, Degnan EL, Ferriss T, and Sommers R

Abstract

We conducted a field experiment in which 311 low-income individuals seeking a divorce were randomly assigned to receive access to a pro bono lawyer (versus minimal help) to assist with filing for divorce. Examining court records, we found that assignment to an attorney made a large difference in whether participants filed for and obtained a divorce. Three years after randomization, 46% of the treated group had terminated their marriages in the proper legal venue, compared to 9% of the control group. Among "compliers"-participants who obtained representation only if assigned to receive it-those with lawyers were far more likely to file for and obtain a divorce than those not assigned lawyers. Because divorce implicates fundamental constitutional interests and can be effectuated only by resort to the courts, the US Constitution requires that dissolution of marriage be made achievable regardless of ability to pay. Yet, we observed few low-income individuals who were able to initiate divorce suits on their own. Through interviews and archival research, we identified barriers that low-income litigants faced in navigating the divorce system, including mandatory wait times, limited hours at important facilities, and burdensome paperwork sometimes requiring access to photocopiers and typewriters. This study therefore documents a salient instance in which a civil legal process was inaccessible to those without lawyers, even though their legal issues were straightforward, involving few if any matters for courts to adjudicate., Competing Interests: Competing interest statement: Portions of the Access to Justice Lab’s work are supported by the following: Arnold Ventures, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, the Charles Koch Foundation, the NOMIS Foundation, and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Published
2021
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44. Targeted Therapy: New Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs to Treat Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Author

Boucher JE and Sommers R

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal therapeutic use, Intestinal Neoplasms drug therapy, Lutetium therapeutic use, Neuroendocrine Tumors drug therapy, Octreotide therapeutic use, Pancreatic Neoplasms drug therapy, Radiopharmaceuticals therapeutic use, Somatostatin therapeutic use, Stomach Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including gastroenteropancreatic NETs, or GEP-NETs, are heterogenous tumors that arise from diffuse neuroendocrine cells and other organs, such as the lung, ovary, and thyroid. Lutetium Lu 177 dotatate (Lutathera®) is a newly approved targeted therapy for patients with advanced GEP-NETs. Patients treated with octreotide long-acting release may be candidates for this second-line therapy. This article discusses lutetium Lu 177 dotatate therapy administration and patient care considerations.

Published
2018
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45. Practice guideline recommendations summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Author

Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, Rabinstein A, Cree BAC, Gronseth GS, Haboubi M, Halper J, Hosey JP, Jones DE, Lisak R, Pelletier D, Potrebic S, Sitcov C, Sommers R, Stachowiak J, Getchius TSD, Merillat SA, and Pringsheim T

Subjects
Adult, Humans, United States, Antirheumatic Agents therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Neurology organization & administration, Neurology standards, Practice Guidelines as Topic standards
Abstract

Objective: To develop recommendations for disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS)., Methods: A multidisciplinary panel developed DMT recommendations, integrating findings from a systematic review; followed an Institute of Medicine-compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement; and developed modified Delphi consensus-based recommendations concerning starting, switching, and stopping DMTs pertinent to people with relapsing-remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, primary progressive MS, and clinically isolated syndromes of demyelination. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from one or more sources: systematic review, related evidence (evidence not from the systematic review), principles of care, and inference from evidence., Results: Thirty recommendations were developed: 17 on starting DMTs, including recommendations on who should start them; 10 on switching DMTs if breakthrough disease develops; and 3 on stopping DMTs. Recommendations encompassed patient engagement strategies and individualization of treatment, including adherence monitoring and disease comorbidity assessment. The panel also discussed DMT risks, including counseling about progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk in people with MS using natalizumab, fingolimod, rituximab, ocrelizumab, and dimethyl fumarate; and made suggestions for future research to evaluate relative merits of early treatment with higher potency DMTs vs standard stepped-care protocols, DMT comparative effectiveness, optimal switching strategies, long-term effects of DMT use, definitions of highly active MS, and effects of treatment on patient-specified priority outcomes. This guideline reflects the complexity of decision-making for starting, switching, or stopping MS DMTs. The field of MS treatment is rapidly changing; the Academy of Neurology development process includes planning for future updates., (© 2018 American Academy of Neurology.)

Published
2018
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46. Comprehensive systematic review summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Author

Rae-Grant A, Day GS, Marrie RA, Rabinstein A, Cree BAC, Gronseth GS, Haboubi M, Halper J, Hosey JP, Jones DE, Lisak R, Pelletier D, Potrebic S, Sitcov C, Sommers R, Stachowiak J, Getchius TSD, Merillat SA, and Pringsheim T

Subjects
Humans, Multiple Sclerosis drug therapy, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Guidelines as Topic standards, Multiple Sclerosis therapy, Neurology organization & administration, Neurology standards
Abstract

Objective: To review evidence on starting, switching, and stopping disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), and progressive MS forms., Methods: Relevant, peer-reviewed research articles, systematic reviews, and abstracts were identified (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE searched from inception to November 2016). Studies were rated using the therapeutic classification scheme. Prior published Cochrane reviews were also used., Results: Twenty Cochrane reviews and an additional 73 full-text articles were selected for data extraction through an updated systematic review (completed November 2016). For people with RRMS, many DMTs are superior to placebo (annualized relapses rates [ARRs], new disease activity [new MRI T2 lesion burden], and in-study disease progression) (see summary and full text publications). For people with RRMS who experienced a relapse on interferon-β (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate, alemtuzumab is more effective than IFN-β-1a 44 μg subcutaneous 3 times per week in reducing the ARR. For people with primary progressive MS, ocrelizumab is probably more effective than placebo (in-study disease progression). DMTs for MS have varying adverse effects. In people with CIS, glatiramer acetate and IFN-β-1a subcutaneous 3 times per week are more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Cladribine, immunoglobulins, IFN-β-1a 30 μg intramuscular weekly, IFN-β-1b subcutaneous alternate day, and teriflunomide are probably more effective than placebo in decreasing risk of conversion to MS. Suggestions for future research include studies considering comparative effectiveness, usefulness of high-efficacy treatment vs stepped-care protocols, and research into predictive biomarkers., (© 2018 American Academy of Neurology.)

Published
2018
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47. Why Do We Hate Hypocrites? Evidence for a Theory of False Signaling.

Author

Jordan JJ, Sommers R, Bloom P, and Rand DG

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Deception, Morals, Social Behavior, Social Perception
Abstract

Why do people judge hypocrites, who condemn immoral behaviors that they in fact engage in, so negatively? We propose that hypocrites are disliked because their condemnation sends a false signal about their personal conduct, deceptively suggesting that they behave morally. We show that verbal condemnation signals moral goodness (Study 1) and does so even more convincingly than directly stating that one behaves morally (Study 2). We then demonstrate that people judge hypocrites negatively-even more negatively than people who directly make false statements about their morality (Study 3). Finally, we show that "honest" hypocrites-who avoid false signaling by admitting to committing the condemned transgression-are not perceived negatively even though their actions contradict their stated values (Study 4). Critically, the same is not true of hypocrites who engage in false signaling but admit to unrelated transgressions (Study 5). Together, our results support a false-signaling theory of hypocrisy.

Published
2017
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50. Exploring public attitudes towards approaches to discussing costs in the clinical encounter.

Author

Danis M, Sommers R, Logan J, Weidmer B, Chen S, Goold S, Pearson S, Donley G, and McGlynn E

Subjects
Adult, Communication Barriers, Fees and Charges, Female, Financing, Personal, Focus Groups, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Attitude to Health, Communication, Health Expenditures, Physician-Patient Relations, Public Opinion
Abstract

Background: Patients' willingness to discuss costs of treatment alternatives with their physicians is uncertain., Objective: To explore public attitudes toward doctor-patient discussions of insurer and out-of-pocket costs and to examine whether several possible communication strategies might enhance patient receptivity to discussing costs with their physicians., Design: Focus group discussions and pre-discussion and post-discussion questionnaires., Participants: Two hundred and eleven insured individuals with mean age of 48 years, 51 % female, 34 % African American, 27 % Latino, and 50 % with incomes below 300 % of the federal poverty threshold, participated in 22 focus groups in Santa Monica, CA and in the Washington, DC metro area., Main Measurements: Attitudes toward discussing out-of-pocket and insurer costs with physicians, and towards physicians' role in controlling costs; receptivity toward recommended communication strategies regarding costs., Key Results: Participants expressed more willingness to talk to doctors about personal costs than insurer costs. Older participants and sicker participants were more willing to talk to the doctor about all costs than younger and healthier participants (OR = 1.8, p = 0.004; OR = 1.6, p = 0.027 respectively). Participants who face cost-related barriers to accessing health care were in greater agreement than others that doctors should play a role in reducing out-of-pocket costs (OR = 2.4, p = 0.011). Participants did not endorse recommended communication strategies for discussing costs in the clinical encounter. In contrast, participants stated that trust in one's physician would enhance their willingness to discuss costs. Perceived impediments to discussing costs included rushed, impersonal visits, and clinicians who are insufficiently informed about costs., Conclusions: This study suggests that trusting relationships may be more conducive than any particular discussion strategy to facilitating doctor-patient discussions of health care costs. Better public understanding of how medical decisions affect insurer costs and how such costs ultimately affect patients personally will be necessary if discussions about insurer costs are to occur in the clinical encounter.

Published
2014
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