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Carbon fibrous aerogels, distinguished by low density, outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability, hold great promise for applications in aerospace, military, and environmental protection. However, large-scale production and precise structure control of carbon fibrous aerogels present significant challenges. Herein, solution blow spinning combined with rotating receiving apparatus was employed to fabricate elastic lamellar carbon/silica nanofibrous aerogels (CSNFAs). The utilization of receiving apparatus for traction enabled efficient assembly of PAN nanofiber networks into layered and stacked structure. Interlayer spacing of CSNFAs could be finely tuned within range of 30–250 μm by adjusting speed with range of 500–1000 RPM. The mesoporous architecture of CSNFAs, along with their intrinsic properties, significantly enhanced adsorption capabilities. Integration of lamellar structure enabled precise control over thermal stability. Capitalizing on laminated structure, CSNFAs exhibited excellent compressive elasticity while maintaining exceptional super elasticity across extreme temperatures ranging from 600 °C to −196 °C. CSNFAs guaranteed reliable performance across a wide temperature range and supported repeated use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a versatile and cost-effective technique for producing nanofibrous materials. It is based on the principles of other spinning methods as electrospinning (ES), which creates very thin and fine fibers with controlled morphologies. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer derived from renewable resources, is widely used in biomedical fields, environmental protection, and packaging. This review provides a theoretical background for PLA, focusing on its properties that are associated with structural characteristics, such as crystallinity and thermal behavior. It also discusses various methods for producing fibrous materials, with particular emphasis on ES and SBS and on describing in more detail the main properties of the SBS method, along with its processing conditions and potential applications. Additionally, this review examines the properties of nanofibrous materials, particularly PLA-based nanofibers, and the new applications for which it is thought that they may be more useful, such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and food packaging. Ultimately, this review highlights the potential of the SBS method and PLA-based nanofibers in various new applications and suggests future research directions to address existing challenges and further enhance the SBS method and the quality of fibrous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the successful production of highly porous 3D nanofibrous hybrid scaffolds of polylactic acid (PLA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blends with the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics by a facile two-step process using the solution blow spinning (SBS) technique. CaP nanofibers were obtained at two calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratios, 1.67 and 1.1, by SBS and calcination at 1000 °C. They were incorporated in PLA/PEG blends by SBS at 10 and 20 wt% to form 3D hybrid cotton-wool-like scaffolds. Morphological analysis showed that the fibrous scaffolds obtained had a randomly interconnected and highly porous structure. Also, the mean fiber diameter ranged from 408 ± 141 nm to 893 ± 496 nm. Apatite deposited considerably within 14 days in a simulated body fluid (SBF) test for hybrid scaffolds containing a mix of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and tri-calcium phosphate-β (β-TCP) phases. The scaffolds with 20 wt% CaP and a Ca/P ration of 1.1 showed better in vitro bioactivity to induce calcium mineralization for bone regeneration. Cellular tests evidenced that the developed scaffolds can support the osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells into mature osteoblasts. The results showed that the developed 3D scaffolds have potential applications for bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D fibrous membranes of undoped and Cu-doped 70S glass were developed, by solution blow spinning. The concentration of copper ions ranged from 1 to 4 % in mol. As-spun fibers were calcined/stabilized at 700 °C. The produced membranes' morphological and biological properties and the release of Ca and Cu ions were evaluated. Amorphous materials were obtained in pure and doped with 1 % Cu2+ 70S glass, while metallic copper was observed in 4 % Cu2+ doped glass. All samples have fibers with average diameter at the submicron scale, ranging from 700 to 850 nm. The amount of Cu ions influenced the degradation of the samples and the release of Cu and Ca ions in the Tris solution, the greater the amount of copper the more these ions were degraded and released in the solution. In vitro biological results, showed that adding copper favored the biomineralization process. No toxicity was observed in the MMT test for all samples. Alamar Blue method showed cell viability for fibroblasts greater than 90 % for all samples and for osteoblasts greater than 70 % for the BG-70S.2Cu sample. The developed fibrous membranes presented antimicrobial characteristics against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active packaging is a novel strategy for maintaining the shelf life of products and ensuring their safety, freshness, and integrity that has emerged with the consumer demand for safer, healthier, and higher quality food. Nanofibers have received a lot of attention for the application in active food packaging due to their high specific surface area, high porosity, and high loading capacity of active substances. Three common methods (electrospinning, solution blow spinning, and centrifugal spinning) for the preparation of nanofibers in active food packaging and their influencing parameters are presented, and advantages and disadvantages between these methods are compared. The main natural and synthetic polymeric substrate materials for the nanofiber preparation are discussed; and the application of nanofibers in active packaging is elaborated. The current limitations and future trends are also discussed. There have been many studies on the preparation of nanofibers using substrate materials from different sources for active food packaging. However, most of these studies are still in the laboratory research stage. Solving the issues of preparation efficiency and cost of nanofibers is the key to their application in commercial food packaging. HIGHLIGHTS: Electrospinning is the most used method to produce nanofibers for food packaging Solution blow and centrifugal spinning are novel for large-scale nanofiber production A variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been used for nanofiber production Progress has been made in the development of antimicrobial and antioxidant nanofibers Ethylene removal and moisture removal nanofibers have been successfully produced [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanocomposites combining biopolymer fibers incorporated with nanoparticles (NPs) have received increasing attention due to their remarkable characteristics. Inorganic NPs are typically chosen for their properties, such as magnetism and thermal or electrical conductivity, for example. Meanwhile, the biopolymer fiber component is a backbone, and could act as a support structure for the NPs. This shift towards biopolymers over traditional synthetic polymers is motivated by their sustainability, compatibility with biological systems, non-toxic nature, and natural decomposition. This study employed the solution blow spinning (SBS) method to obtain a nanocomposite comprising poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), PVA, and gelatin biodegradable polymer fibers incorporated with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with poly(acrylic acid), PAA2k, coded as γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. The fiber production process entailed a preliminary investigation to determine suitable solvents, polymer concentrations, and spinning parameters. γ-Fe2O3-NPs were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation as maghemite and coated with PAA2k through the precipitation–redispersion protocol in order to prepare γ-Fe2O3-NPs-PAA2k. Biopolymeric fibers containing coated NPs with sub-micrometer diameters were obtained, with NP concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 1.7% wt. The synthesized NPs underwent characterization via dynamic light scattering, zeta potential analysis, and infrared spectroscopy, while the biopolymer fibers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful implementation of SBS for producing biopolymeric fibers incorporating iron oxide NPs, where the amalgamation of materials demonstrated superior thermal behavior to the plain polymers. The thorough characterization of the NPs and fibers provided valuable insights into their properties, paving the way for their potential applications in various fields such as biomedical engineering, environmental remediation, and functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last years, the potential of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) as fillers in polymers for mechanical reinforcement and extending the operation lifespan of materials is highlighted. Here, we investigate the inclusion of CNCs and CNFs with two distinct functional groups (TEMPO-oxidized, or solely having hydroxyl groups) as nanofillers into cellulose acetate films. Solution blow spinning has been utilized as a novel approach to fabricate composite materials from renewable carbon feedstocks, and the resulting structural, morphological and mechanical properties were evaluated. A maximum concentration of 5 wt% was found for CNCs while this was lower for CNFs, 2.5 wt%, to achieve uninterrupted processing of composite materials via SBS. All-cellulose composites showed differences in morphological features depending on the nanofiller type. Interestingly, a low loading of CNCs (1.5 wt%) increases the strength at break by 30%, while the inclusion of CNFs in a same amount deteriorates the mechanical properties. However, further increase to 2.5 wt% CNFs provides enhanced tensile strength and elastic modulus values. The largest improvements in elongation at break and strength at break is achieved with the inclusion of 2.5 wt% TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils. Microscopic analysis after fracture reveals coral-like structured films, providing a unique mechanical behavior. Overall, the results point out that TEMPO-oxidized CNFs are efficient reinforcements to fabricate renewable carbon-containing composite materials with improved mechanical performance. The proposed SBS processing offers a unique advantage in the fabrication of highly flexible cellulose-based films, eliminating the need for plasticizers or additional additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the resistance of polylactide-based non-wovens produced by solution blow spinning to environmental factors was investigated. An average contact angle of up to 136° was achieved with an average fiber diameter of 340 nm at the optimal material density and nozzle–substrate distance. When exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the polylactide non-wovens rapidly lose their hydrophobic properties due to changes in surface morphology resulting from fiber melting. It was demonstrated that the influence of surface structural features on hydrophobicity is greater than that of the material itself. The stability of the wetting properties under UV irradiation was assessed using the derivative parameters of the Owens–Wendt technique, which can serve as an additional method for estimating surface polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale spinning of high-performance SiO2 porous nanofibers remains a pivotal challenge in facilitating their utilization for flexible thermal insulation purposes. Herein, massive spinning of SiO2 porous nanofibers was achieved through the solution blow spinning (SBS) process utilizing microemulsion polysiloxane solutions. Using MK siloxane polymer as the Si source, a solution characterized by high purity and excellent uniformity was obtained. Multicomponent spinnable microemulsion precursor was prepared by incorporating paraffin as the sacrificial phase, Span 80 and Tween 80 as surfactants, and polyvinylpyrrolidone as the spinning aid. Through optimization of the spinnable solution composition and SBS process parameters, high-speed spinning of paraffin/MK precursor nanofibers was accomplished with a rate of 20 mL·h–1. Subsequent high-temperature pyrolysis facilitated the conversion of organic paraffin/MK nanofibers into SiO2 nanofibers with controllable pores structure. Porous SiO2 nanofiber sponges fabricated using the microemulsion SBS technique exhibit distinctive lightweight and thermal insulation properties [0.037 W·(m·K)−1]. These properties promise to facilitate massive spinning of high-performance inorganic fiber sponges for applications in high-temperature thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient production of porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) is indispensable for applications in adsorption, thermal insulation, catalysis, batteries, etc. Herein, rapid fabrication of PCNFs with flexible and efficient adsorption properties was achieved through polymer blend blow spinning at a rate of 10–30 mL·h–1. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as the organic precursor to prepare PCNFs, with varying mass fractions of poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres employed as pore-forming agents. Following high-temperature carbonization, the diameter of PCNFs was adjusted within a range of 0.2–1.2 μm, resulting in a high specific surface area of 34.63 m2 g–1 and a pore distribution of 3–20 nm. PCNFs demonstrated exceptional mechanical resilience, withstanding cyclic compression strains of up to 60% and achieving a peak compression stress of 12.2 kPa. Additionally, PCNFs exhibited a significant adsorption capacity for oils and benzene, coupled with superior thermal insulation performance and an ultralow thermal conductivity of 0.022 W·(m·K)−1. PCNFs can also be used as sensors and demonstrated unmatched sensitivity to minute pressure variations ranging from 0 to 1 N. The polymer blend blow spinning technique showcased operational simplicity and remarkable versatility across various materials. This excellent functional expandability demonstrated that the strategy held significant potential for the large-scale production of multifunctional PCNFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Co 3 O 4 nanofibers were produced using the solution blow spinning (SBS) method. The investigation focused on studying their structure, morphology, and electrocatalytic properties in relation to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solution (KOH). Calcination at 600 °C resulted in Co 3 O 4 fibers without the presence of secondary phases (NF600), while calcined fibers at 400 °C showed a Co 3 O 4 –CoO composite phase (NF400), confirmed by XRD. The size of the crystallites, determined through Rietveld refinement analysis of XRD patterns, ranged from 42.6 nm to 56.2 nm for the calcined fibers at 400 °C and 600 °C, respectively, confirming the nanometric scale of the cobalt oxide fibers. Morphological analyses confirmed the production of rough nanofibers with monomodal distribution, with mean diameter of 385 nm for NF600 and 485 nm for NF400. The EDS confirms the presence of the chemical elements of cobalt and oxygen, estimating their abundance in the sample. The XPS analysis showed that the concentration of oxygen vacancies and the presence of species with higher oxidation states (Co3+) were beneficial to improve OER. Nanofibers calcined at 600 °C showed an overpotential of 330 mV at 10 mA cm−2, more efficient Tafel kinetics and low resistance to charge transfer (0.37 Ω) when compared to nanofibers calcined at 400 °C (338 mV). This result demonstrates the competitive catalytic activity of cobalt oxide nanofibers produced by SBS compared to other systems mentioned in the literature. Therefore, this work offers a new perspective on the development of electrocatalysts based on the structure and properties of cobalt oxide electrodes by the SBS method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofiber materials are not only gained extensive utilization in fields such as medicine, energy, and electronics but also demonstrated significant potential for diverse applications in the realm of food-related domains. Among the various methods for nanofiber material preparation, solution blow spinning technology is gradually emerged as a research hotspot due to its inherent advantages in terms of safety, cost-effectiveness, and high production rates. This paper aims to delve into the working principles and classifications of solution blow spinning technology, as well as the selection of spinning process parameters that wield substantial influence over fiber structure. With a particular emphasis on summarizing the research progress and application advantages of solution blow spinning in multiple food-related fields, including food packaging, controlled-release systems, filtration materials, and enzyme immobilization, the objective is to provide a reference for optimizing, expanding application domains, and commercializing solution blow spinning technology.

Abstract Heart diseases are caused mainly by chronic oxygen insufficiency (hypoxia), leading to damage and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Research into the regeneration of a damaged human heart is limited due to the lack of cellular models that mimic damaged cardiac tissue. Based on the literature, nanofibrous mats affect the cardiomyocyte morphology and stimulate the growth and differentiation of cells cultured on them; therefore, nanofibrous materials can support the production of in vitro models that faithfully mimic the 3D structure of human cardiac tissue. Nanofibrous mats were used as scaffolds for adult primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM) and immature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). This work focuses on understanding the effects of hypoxia and re-oxygenation on human cardiac cells cultured on polymer nanofibrous mats made of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and polyurethane (PU). The expression of selected genes and proteins in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia and re-oxygenation were evaluated. In addition, the type of cell death was analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies on the effects of hypoxia on cardiomyocyte cells cultured on nanofibrous mats. The present study aimed to use nanofiber mats as scaffolds that structurally could mimic cardiac extracellular matrix. Understanding the impact of 3D structural properties in vitro cardiac models on different human cardiomyocytes is crucial for advancing cardiac tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Observing how 3D scaffolds affect cardiomyocyte function under hypoxic conditions is necessary to understand the functioning of the entire human heart.

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of a seed coating with micronutrient release system is of extreme research importance for sustainable agriculture. In this work, a zinc release system was developed, using zinc-loaded PVA/Zein nanofibers. Solution blow spinning was used to produce nanofibers (average diameter of approximately 160 nm), as demonstrated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with some bead presence, which served as main zinc reservoir, as evidenced by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Biodegradation assay showed the biodegradability of the PVA/Zein nanofibers with over 30% mass loss after 31 days, an important and desired ability for the proposed application. Encapsulation efficiency of the nanofibers was measured at more than 90%. The release profile of zinc-loaded nanofibers was observed to be a two-step release, with an initial burst release (approximately 52% in 3 h) followed by a slow release (approximately 6% in 189 h), which is related to the zinc reservoir in the nanofibers that was observed by EDX and is a profile that is advantageous for the proposed application. Germination assay shows that the seed coating applied to the soybean seeds was effective, with the zinc released from the nanofibers being absorbed by the seeds and, acting as fertilizer, improved some of the analyzed parameters (approximately 24, 59 and 127% increase in shoot length, α-chlorophyll and zinc content, respectively). Results demonstrated that zinc-loaded PVA/Zein nanofibers are a promising material for to be used as seed coating, being able to improve crop performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer templates are critical in the preparation of ceramic fibers from precursor solutions, but the available options are limited. Here, ZrO 2 nanofiber films and aerogels are developed by solution blow spinning method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as templates. The effects of HPMC ratio, polymer concentration, and calcination temperature on the morphology and structure of the ZrO 2 nanofibers are investigated. The nanofiber films with an areal density of 20 mg cm−2 exhibit excellent filtration property, achieving a filtration efficiency of 94.94% and a pressure drop of 136 Pa at an airflow velocity of 32 L min−1. The nanofiber aerogels display low density of 50 mg cm−3, low thermal conductivity of 0.039 W m−1 K−1, as well as superior compressibility, demonstrating significant potential for thermal protection applications. This work expands the formation template option of ceramic fibers, offering significant guidance in the development of flexible, high-temperature-resistant ceramic fiber materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution blow spinning is a technology that uses high-pressure gas to prepare spinning solution into nanofibers. It has the advantages of high production efficiency and easy operation, and the prepared nanofibers have a large specific surface area, high porosity, and flexible surface functionalization. Therefore, solution blow spinning has received more and more attention in the food field. This paper first introduces the principle of solution blow spinning, the influence of spinning liquid properties, process parameters, and environmental factors on the spinning process. Secondly, it introduces the materials and ways of applying solution blow-spun nanofibers in the food field, such as bacteriostatic food packaging, slow-release food packaging, and intelligent sensors. Finally, the application of solution blow spinning technology in food is summarized and prospected. This paper provides a reference for further research and application of solution blow spinning in the food field at a later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we report copper oxide nanofibers (CuO – N) synthesized by Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and their comparison with a control sample based on a commercial powder (CuO – C). Both materials were characterized by various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman and X-ray photoelectron (XPS)) to determine the purity, microstructural and surface chemical properties. Subsequently, the performance of copper oxide catalysts in a 1.0 M KOH solution was investigated. Copper oxide with nanofiber morphology (CuO – N) exhibited a small overpotential of 385 mV @ 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel coefficient of only 76 mV dec−1, i.e., fast kinetics for water splitting, a result that is modulated by oxygen vacancies (O 2 /O 1 = 0.83). The oxygen vacancies are due to the presence of Cu1+ in the lattice. The analyses of the magnetization measurements at 5 K suggest a larger amount of Cu1+ in sample CuO – N. Therefore, this work sheds light on how to design low-cost nanofibrous catalysts based on abundant transition metals in the earth's crust by SBS, an economical and scalable technique, which is promising for energy applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEO/TiP fibers were obtained using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) apparatus and heat treated to produce TiO2 fibers. The morphological and structural characteristics were assessed using SEM and X-ray diffraction. The fibers, with a thickness of 12 μm, showed a change in crystalline structure with heat treatment. At temperatures as low as 800 °C, only the anatase phase was identified, while at 900 °C, both anatase and rutile phases coexisted. The addition of TiP to the polymer matrix reduced the initial breakdown temperature, and the DSC curves showed exothermic peaks due to the amorphous phase transition to TiO2/anatase. The fibers' photocatalytic capacity was tested, revealing that TiO2-fibers in the anatase phase achieved 97% degradation of Rhodamine-B dye in 40 minutes. The study found that the biocide efficacy of TiO2-fibers depends on their heat treatment. Fibers with anatase/rutile or pure rutile phases did not show significant efficiency. However, fibers treated at 600°C with pure anatase phase were more effective in eliminating E. coli and total coliforms. Finally, we can state that the TiO2 fibers obtained in this work using the SBS technique can be used to produce filters to purify water contaminated by pathogens dangerous to human health or even to purify the air.

An ideal insulation material has long been envisioned as one that not only minimizes heat loss but also provides additional heat. This study presents a non‐woven fabric, comprising ultra‐fine fibers embedded with zirconium carbide nanoparticles (ZrC NPs), prepared via solution blow spinning (SBS) and thermal crosslinking technology. Our results suggest that the fluffily‐structured elastomer, fabricated using rigid polystyrene and flexible polyurethane, exhibits high porosity (96.96%), ultra‐light characteristics (volume density of 47.12 mg cm−3), and effective heat retention (thermal conductivity of 23.1 mW mK−1 at −40°C). Moreover, the fabric demonstrates remarkable fracture strength (206.38 kPa), high elongation at break (34.5%), and superior elasticity even after 100 compression cycles at 40% strain. Despite the fact that introducing 12% ZrC increases the thermal conductivity of the base fabric by 6%, the NPs endow the material with an excellent photothermal conversion function. Following 10 min of exposure to visible light, the surface temperature increases to 71.5°C. Given its impressive performance, this novel non‐woven fabric demonstrates significant potential for applications in the field of cold protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the preparation and characterization of composites from cellulose acetate (CA)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanofibers (NFs) with incorporated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using solution blow spinning (SBS) is reported. CA–PEO nanofibers were produced by spinning solution that contained a higher CA-to-PEO ratio and lower (equal) CA-to-PEO ratio. Nanoparticles were added to comprise 2.5% and 5% of the solution, calculated on the weight of the polymers. To have better control of the SBS processing conditions, characterization of the spinning suspensions is carried out, which reveals a decrease in viscosity (two- to eightfold) upon the addition of NPs. It is observed that this variation of viscosity does not significantly affect the mean diameters of nanofibers, but does affect the mode of the nanofibers' size distribution, whereby lower viscosity provides thinner fibers. FESEM–EDS confirms ZnO NP encapsulation into nanofibers, specifically into the CA component based on UV-vis studies, since the release of ZnO is not detected for up to 5 days in deionized water, despite the significant swelling of the material and accompanied dissolution of water-soluble PEO. Upon the dissolution of CA nanofibers into acetone, immediate release of ZnO is detected, both visually and by spectrometer. ATR–FTIR studies reveal interaction of ZnO with the CA component of composite nanofibers. As ZnO nanoparticles are known for their bioactivity, it can be concluded that these CA–PEO–ZnO composites are good candidates to be used in filtration membranes, with no loss of incorporated ZnO NPs or their release into an environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved mechanical strength and stability are key to expanding the use of biopolymers in a range of applications such as food packaging, tissue engineering, and wound healing. This can be achieved through crosslinking, a process that introduces chemical bonds between polymer chains in a nanofiber structure. In this particular investigation, gelatin nanofibers were produced using electrically assisted solution blow spinning. The study aimed to introduce and compare the effectiveness of the innovative neutralization-triggered Maillard crosslinking method with thermal crosslinking and classical Maillard crosslinking techniques. Several aspects, including mechanical properties, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, antibacterial and antioxidant activities, amino acid profile, as well as physical properties like FTIR spectra, SEM, TGA, water contact angle, and air permeability of the nanofiber webs, were examined. The outcomes revealed that the samples crosslinked via the novel method exhibited the highest hydrophobicity (with a water contact angle of 103.38°), a more rigid network structure with a tensile strength of 0.887 MPa, and 8.4 mm inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus. Overall, this research introduces a promising technique for modifying gelatin for food packaging, bioactive delivery, and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to conduct a physicochemical characterization and in vivo assessment of the bioactivity of amorphous 3D-nanofibrous alumina scaffolds, manufactured using the Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) technique, for the purpose of bone regeneration. The nanofibers utilized in this research were derived from a solution containing aluminum nitrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ethanol, and distilled water, and were subsequently spun using SBS. The resulting scaffolds underwent calcination at 500 °C. Physicochemical analysis of the scaffolds was carried out, and their biological effects were evaluated in the femurs of Wistar rats. The scaffolds exhibited an amorphous structure consisting of nanofibers with an average diameter of 290 nm. They presented a cotton-wool-like 3D configuration after calcination process. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a significantly higher degree of bone neoformation within the alumina groups compared to the control group during both experimental periods (p < 0.05). Additionally, the percentage of remaining alumina graft particles was consistent at 14 and 28 days. In conclusion, the assessed 3D nanofibrous alumina scaffolds facilitated bone deposition and supported the filling of bone defects with new bone tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polimery is the property of Industrial Chemistry Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Natural rubber (NR) microfibers were obtained from NR/chloroform solutions with or without vulcanization agents, by a solution blow spinning (SBS) technique. The microfibers showed a ribbon‐like morphology with average widths ranging from 15 to 45 μm, depending on the processing conditions. Concentrations of 3%, 4%, and 5% (wt/vol) of NR/chloroform were compared; at 4% wt/vol the spinning process was most stable, and fiber width was the most homogeneous. Microfibrous NR membranes incorporating vulcanizing agents were treated at temperatures of 70, 80, and 90°C for 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Membrane tensile strength and elongation at break varied with temperature and treatment time. The best result was found with the sample treated at 90°C for 3 h. In this case, the tensile strength and elongation at break was (4.9 ± 0.8) MPa and (867 ± 18) % which is about 310% and 330% higher than the values found for the same sample without the incorporation of vulcanizing agents. This expressive increase was attributed to the vulcanization of the rubber, which also provided a shift to a higher value of the glass transition temperature. Overall properties of the blow‐spun films, especially the high elasticity‐contraction, suggest they are attractive candidates for use in robotics, and biobased electronics including wearable sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, millions of people are wearing face masks (including disposable surgical face masks), and many used masks, particularly disposable masks, are entering the environment and increasing pollution. The applicability of nanofibers in the field of filtration is considerable, and it has replaced environmentally friendly materials in research in this area. Solution-blown spinning (SBS) is an efficient and straightforward method for creating micro and nanofibers that allow quick fiber deposition on any substrate. Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) is an environmentally safe biopolymer with unique properties, such as processability and flexibility, that has piqued the interest of industry and researchers. Hence, an eco-friendly air filter based on PBS nanofibers was fabricated using SBS. This solution-blown spun PBS filter was demonstrated as an air filter for the first time. The findings demonstrated that a weight of around 19.3 g/m2 PBS webs with a mean diameter of 199 nm was adequate to produce a filtering performance of 95.26% with a pressure drop of 251 Pa at a flow rate of 85 L/min. The fast and economic features of the SBS process, as well as the environmentally friendly nature of the PBS polymer, may be a considerable contribution to the development of green filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible wearable humidity sensors have seen significant development in healthcare fields. However, most sensors have only one electrical response mode with low visualization, thus limiting applications. Here, a wearable color-electric dual-mode linked-response humidity sensor was provided for intimate humidity monitoring. Specifically, nickel (II) iodide (NiI2) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were chemically treated and sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-modified, respectively. Subsequently, the modified NiI2 and PAN were configured into a spinning solution to fabricate humidity-sensitive NiI2/PAN membranes utilizing the solution blow-spinning method. Polyimide-based fork-finger electrodes were then laminated onto the humidity-sensitive NiI2/PAN membrane to assemble a wearable color-electric bimodal NiI2/PAN humidity sensor. The sensor was characterized by a fast response time (6.19 s) and recovery time (9.58 s), wide humidity-monitoring range (11–98% RH), relatively small hysteresis (1.9% RH), and excellent stability (> 30 d). As the relative humidity (RH) increased from 11 to 98%, the color of the Ni2/PAN membrane changed drastically from black to light yellow, demonstrating significant potential in enhancing the visualization of humidity sensors and optimizing their monitoring effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution blow spinning technique was used to fabricate a new biocomposite fibrous mat consisting of natural rubber (NR) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bioblend, with various loads of 45S5 bioglass (BG) particles. According to SEM analysis, NR fibers exhibited ribbon‐like morphologies, whereas the addition of PHB resulted in improved fiber formation and a reduction in their diameter. In NR‐PHB/BG biocomposites with varying BG loadings, typical thermal degradation events of PHB (stage i) and NR (stage ii) were observed. In comparison with pure PHB, the TG/DTG curves of NR‐PHB/BG specimens revealed a lower stage i degradation peak. Such an outcome is possibly due to the fact that PHB in the NR‐PHB fibers is located predominantly at the surface, that is, PHB is more susceptible to thermal degradation. The NR‐PHB/BG biocomposite possessed an increased stiffness due to the addition of PHB and BG, resulting in an increased stress and a decreased strain at rupture compared to the pure NR and NR‐PHB mats. DMA analysis revealed two well‐defined regions, above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg), for the storage modulus (E') of the NR‐PHB/BG specimens. The values of E' were in both regions for NR‐PHB/BG specimens increased at higher BG content. The measured tanδ = E″/E' was used to determine the Tg value for all specimens, with Tg found to be in the −49 to −46°C range. Finally, NR‐PHB/BG biocomposite fibrous were proven noncytotoxic by in‐vitro testing on fibroblasts. These biocomposites enhanced cell growth, holding great promise for tissue engineering applications. Highlights: Solution blow spinning technique was used to produce three‐phase biocomposite specimens.NR‐PHB/BG fibrous mat specimens with a diameter of 9–10 μm were obtained.Although high BG loads are applied to the NR‐PHB/BG specimens, they remain elastic and flexible.Fibrous biocomposite mats enhance cell growth and possess great potential for tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in tissue engineering and other biomedical applications. PLA can be modified with appropriate biocompatible ceramic materials since this would allow tailoring the mechanical properties of the tissues to be engineered. In this study, PLA-based non-woven fibrillar nanocomposites containing nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HA), a bioceramic commonly used in bone tissue engineering, were prepared via solution blow spinning (SBS). The compositions of the final materials were selected to study the influence of HA concentration on the structure, morphology, and thermal and mechanical properties. The resulting materials were highly porous and mainly constituted fibers. FTIR analysis did not reveal any specific interactions. The diameters of the fibers varied very little with the composition. For example, slightly thinner fibers were obtained for pure PLA and PLA + 10% HA, with fiber diameters of less than 400 nm, while the thicker fibers were found for PLA + 1% HA, with average diameters of 427 ± 170 nm. The crystallinity and stiffness of the PLA/HA composite increased with the HA content. Further, composites containing PLA fibers with slightly larger diameters were more ductile. Thus, with an appropriate balance between factors, such as the diameter of the solution-blow-spun PLA fibers, HA particle content, and degree of crystallinity, PLA/HA composites may be effectively used in tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apart from structure and composition, morphology plays a significant role in influencing the performance of materials in terms of both bulk and surface behavior. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) constituted by submicrometric fibers is prepared. Using a modified electrospinning (ES) device to carry out solution blow spinning (SBS), the fibrillar morphology is modified, with the aim to induce variations in the properties of the material. The modification of the ES device consists of the incorporation of a source of pressurized gas (air) and a 3D-printed nozzle of our own design. For this work, the morphology of the PLA submicrometric fibers is modified by varying the rotational speed of the collector in order to understand its influence on different properties and, consequently, on the performance of the material. The rotational speed of a cylindrical collector (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 rpm) is considered as variable for changing the morphology. Morphological study of the materials was performed using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis carried out with ImageJ 1.54f software. Besides a morphology study, structural characterization by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy using attenuated total reflectance of prepared materials is carried out. Finally, the morphology and structure of produced PLA fibrous mats were correlated with the analysis of mechanical properties, wettability behavior and adhesion of DH5-α E. coli bacteria. It is of interest to highlight how small morphological and chemical structure variations can lead to important changes in materials' performance. These changes include, for example, those above 30% in some mechanical parameters and clear variations in bacterial adhesion capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solution blow spinning (SBS) process was utilized to create nanofibers of TiO2/C and TiO2/C/N with potential applications in photocatalysis and dye adsorption. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a carbon and nitrogen source. Their content in the TiO2 structure decreased as the temperature increased from 350 to 550 °C. Physical-chemical, morphological, and structural features were investigated. Adsorption and photodegradation experiments revealed that the material calcined at 400 °C had higher dye removal (98%) under dark settings, whereas the greater photodegradation efficiency under visible and UV light was 56% and 98%, respectively, for the sample calcined at 550 °C. The results suggest that the SBS has the potential to develop an efficient adsorbent and photocatalyst for use in treatments of contaminated water.

Aiming at biomedical applications, the present work developed a new bio‐nanocomposite fibrous mat based on natural rubber (NR) reinforced with 45S5 bioglass particles (BG) and cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW), which reveals excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility and bioactivity properties. Analyses of the specimens were conducted by means of morphological observations (SEM) and thermal analysis (TG/DTG), as well as mechanical tests used to verify the effect of the incorporation of BG particles and CNW on the ultimate properties of these flexible NR‐CWN/BG fibrous membranes. An SEM analysis revealed that all filaments possessed a ribbon‐like morphology, with increasing diameters as the BG concentration increased. This likely results from an increased viscosity of the solution used for fiber blowing. In comparison with neat NR fibrous mats, the ultimate mechanical properties of bio‐nanocomposites were significantly improved due to the presence of CNW and BG particles dispersed in the NR matrix. According to the TG/DTG analysis, the specimens' thermal stability was unaffected by the high BG content, and the thermal profiles were similar, with isoprene chains decomposition of the NR occurring between 350 and 450°C. In‐vitro analysis on fibroblasts confirmed that the bio‐nanocomposite fibrous mats are noncytotoxic. It was found that fibrous mats enhanced cellular growth and hold great promise for tissue engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their outstanding properties, commercial massive production of polymer-derived ceramic nanofibers with high performances still faces challenging issues related to material synthesis and spinning processes. Herein, solution blow spinning technology was employed to improve the spinning ratio of nanofibers. Spinnable solutions were prepared with different precursors, polysiloxane, and polycarbosilane. Notably, these organic precursor solutions can be blow-spun into nanofibers with elevated rates, ranging from 10 to 50 mL·h–1. After being pyrolyzed, the organic precursor nanofibers can be pyrolyzed to form SiOC or SiC nanofibers. Simultaneously, employing a needle-punching technique for structural rearrangement allowed organic precursor sponges to be converted into blankets with customized thicknesses and shapes. The above strategy enabled the production of SiOC and SiC nanofiber products characterized by exceptional thermal insulation [0.028/0.026 (W·(m·K)−1)], high-temperature resistance (1300 °C), and compression resistance properties (ε = 60%). It can be widely used in aerospace, energy, and electronic technology and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes utilising the solution blow-spinning process (SBS) for manufacturing a biodegradable filtration structure that ensures high efficiency of particle filtration with an acceptable pressure drop. The concept of multi-layer filters was applied during the design of filters. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used to produce various layers, which may be mixed in different sequences, building structures with varying filtration properties. Changing the process parameters, one can create layers with diverse average fibre diameters and thicknesses. It enables the design and creation of optimal filtration materials prepared for aerosol particle filtration. The structures were numerically modelled using the lattice Boltzmann approach to obtain detailed production guidelines using the blow-spinning technique. The advantage of this method is the ability to blow fibres with diameters in the nanoscale, applying relatively simple and cost-effective equipment. For tested PLA solutions, i.e., 6% and 10%, the mean fibre diameter decreases as the concentration decreases. Therefore, the overall filtering efficiency decreases as the concentration of the used solution increases. The produced multi-layer filters have 96% overall filtration efficiency for particles ranging from 0.26 to 16.60 micrometres with a pressure drop of less than 160 Pa. Obtained results are auspicious and are a step in producing efficient, biodegradable air filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving large-scale production of high-performance mullite ceramic nanofibers posed a formidable challenge. Herein, an air heating-solution blow spinning technique was designed for the mass fabrication of mullite nanofibers at high speeds, ranging from 6 to 60 ​ml/h. Spinnable aqueous Al–Si solution systems, employing various aluminum sources, were systematically investigated. The optimization of the solution blow spinning apparatus involved the incorporation of a hot air blow device capable of dispensing streams of hot, dry air. Comprehensive investigations were conducted to examine the impact of variables such as spinning solution viscosity, spinning rate, and spinning distance on the resulting mullite fiber diameter and morphology. Following sintering at 1200 ​°C, mullite fiber cotton was successfully synthesized, exhibiting diameters spanning from 500 ​nm to 5 ​μm. These mullite nanofiber cotton demonstrated exceptional attributes, including robust temperature stability (up to 1300 ​°C), remarkable thermal insulation properties and superior filtration efficiency. • Various aqueous Al–Si precursors were designed for the solution blow spinning process. • An air heating device was introduced to improve the efficiency (6–60 ​ml/h) of aqueous mullite fiber. • Mullite fibers with diameters ranged from 500 ​nm to 5 ​μm were prepared. • SBS spined Mullite fiber exhibits commendable thermal insulating attributes and temperature stability up to 1300 ​°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Solution Blow Spinning (SBS) has emerged as a new technology for the production of polymeric, nanocomposite, and ceramic materials in the form of nano and microfibers, with similar features to those achieved by other procedures. The advantages of SBS over other spinning methods are the fast generation of fibers and the simplicity of the experimental setup that opens up the possibility of their on-site production. While producing a large number of nanofibers in a short time is a crucial factor in large-scale manufacturing, in situ generation, for example, in the form of sprayable, multifunctional dressings, capable of releasing embedded active agents on wounded tissue, or their use in operating rooms to prevent hemostasis during surgical interventions, open a wide range of possibilities. The interest in this spinning technology is evident from the growing number of patents issued and articles published over the last few years. Our focus in this review is on the biomedicine-oriented applications of SBS for the production of nanofibers based on the collection of the most relevant scientific papers published to date. Drug delivery, 3D culturing, regenerative medicine, and fabrication of biosensors are some of the areas in which SBS has been explored, most frequently at the proof-of-concept level. The promising results obtained demonstrate the potential of this technology in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers have been applied in producing piezoelectric membranes for energy harvesting in wearable devices under strenuous service conditions due to its outstanding properties such as piezoelectricity, flexibility, stability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, a processing technique with mass production capability and generating the highest possible piezoelectric properties of PVDF nanofibers is required. To achieve such requirements, this study presented a novel flexible piezoelectric membrane based on PVDF/TPU nanofibers using solution blow spinning (SBS). The addition of TPU into PVDF has been proven to increase the flexibility of the polymeric membranes. The produced membranes showed high piezoelectric response and sensitivity compared to other PVDF-based membranes in the literature especially at 5wt.% TPU concentration, owing to its small nanofiber diameter, high β fraction, and inducing reorientation of electric dipoles. The addition of TPU also significantly enhanced tensile strength and elasticity of the produced membranes. Based on those, this work has shown a promising method to produce high elastic-piezoelectric nanofibrous membrane using SBS.

A factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of processing variables on the morphology and microstructural characteristics of titanium dioxide (TiO2) fibers produced by solution blow spinning (SBS). For this, tests were carried out varying TiO2 precursor content, feed rate, air pressure, polymer, and solvent. The TTIP concentration and feed rate statistically influenced the average diameters of the PVC/TiO2 system. The proper combination between polymer and solvent enables the obtaining of TiO2 nanofibers with similar morphologies either using hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymer, however, fiber diameter is influenced by type of system (polymer/solvent) used. Only the anatase crystalline phase was found in the fibers with the PVC polymer and THF solvent, while two crystalline phases were obtained in the fibers with PVP and alcohol, anatase and rutile, indicating that the variation of the polymer and solvent influences the crystalline phases of the TiO2 fibers studied.

In this work, materials with potential biomedical applications constituted by fibrous poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, are prepared by solution blow spinning (SBS). The SBS setup has a cylindrical collector for which the rotational speed and size are varied to study its effect on the final morphology of the materials. The morphology is inspected using field emission scanning electron microscopy and studied using image analysis. As a result, many doubts were generated because of the use of different methods of image analysis, therefore a simpler and more conventional method using Image J open-source software was used to ensure the accuracy of the final interpretation. It is shown that fiber size and orientation depend on the linear speed associated with the surface of the collector more than on its rotational speed; therefore, it can be said that the morphology of materials prepared by SBS will depend on the size, shape, and rotational speed of the collector. When the linear speed of the cylindrical collector increases, fibers get thinner, less entangled, and more oriented. It is clear, therefore, that the linear speed of material collection by solution blow spinning is a very important parameter of processing to control the final morphology of materials manufactured by that method. Since morphology can affect the final properties of the materials the simple variation of the linear speed might have important implications on their final performance for different biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution blow spinning was used to prepare nonwoven bicomponent fibers constituted by poly (ethylene oxide)-Polysulfone (PEO-PSF). As a new material, deep characterization was carried out to have a database to understand final performance regarding its multiple functions as a potential material for biomedical applications. The morphology was studied by field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and optical profilometry. Structural characterization was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal degradation by thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, wettability and mechanical behavior were studied by contact angle measurements and tensile tests, respectively. The bicomponent material was constituted of fibers with a structure mainly described by a core-shell structure, where the PSF phase is located at the center of the fibers, and the PEO phase is mainly located at the outer parts of the fibers, leading to a kind of shell wall. The study of possible interactions between different phases revealed them to be lacking, pointing to the presence of an interface core/shell more than an interphase. The morphology and roughness of the bicomponent material improved its wettability when glycerol was tested. Indeed, its mechanical properties were enhanced due to the PSF core provided as reinforcement material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose acetate (CA), a very promising derivative of cellulose, has come into the focus of research due to its highly desired good film-forming ability for food packaging applications. Frequently, this derivative is used in combination with other compounds (polymers, nanoparticles) in order to obtain active materials. Here, we report the preparation of thin films made of cellulose acetate loaded with chitosan (CS) using the solution blow spinning (SBS) method. Films are prepared by SBS processing of the polymers mixture solution, considering the following variables: (i) the concentration of cellulose acetate and chitosan in the solution and (ii) the solvent system consisting of acetic or formic acid. The prepared materials are characterized in terms of physical properties, roughness (optical profilometer), porosity, wettability (contact angle measurements), chemical structure (Fourier transform infrared spectrometry), and electrokinetic properties (zeta potential). SBS enables the preparation of CA/CS films with high water vapor permeability, high porosity, and also higher water contact angle compared with pure CA films. The electrokinetic properties of composites are influenced by the inclusion of chitosan, which causes a shift of the isoelectric point (IEP) towards higher pH values, but the magnitude of the shift is not in correlation with chitosan concentration. Adsorption kinetic studies using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein reveal that chitosan modified cellulose acetate films manifest low affinity towards proteins that suggests prevention of biofilm formation on its surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important inorganic material, alumina ceramic nanofibers have attracted more and more attention because of their excellent thermal stability, high melting point, low thermal conductivity, and good chemical stability. In this paper, the preparation conditions for alumina spinning gel, such as the experimental raw materials, spin finish aid, aging time, and so on, are briefly introduced. Then, various methods for preparing the alumina ceramic nanofibers are described, such as electrospinning, solution blow spinning, centrifugal spinning, and some other preparation processes. In addition, the application of alumina ceramic nanofibers in thermal insulation, high-temperature filtration, catalysis, energy storage, water restoration, sound absorption, bioengineering, and other fields are described. The wide application prospect of alumina ceramic nanofibers highlights its potential as an advanced functional material with various applications. This paper aims to provide readers with valuable insights into the design of alumina ceramic nanofibers and to explore their potential applications, contributing to the advancement of various technologies in the fields of energy, environment, and materials science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate crisis, growing pollution of the environment with waste, and ubiquitous microplastics have encouraged the search for new methods and new opportunities to use natural materials in the least harmful processes. Replacing synthetic materials with raw materials is not only a matter of "fashion", but also a necessity. Therefore, this study aimed to produce fibers from an aqueous solution containing the highest possible concentration of soy protein isolate (SPI) through solution-blowing. As the aqueous solution of SPI has no fiber-forming potential, polyethylene oxide (PEO) was used as the carrier/matrix. The rheology of the aqueous PEO solution and PEO/SPI blends (flow curves, loss modulus, and storage modulus) was then analyzed. The proportions of the PEO/SPI mixtures and the process parameters were determined on this basis. As a result of the conducted research, nanofibers were produced from water solutions of PEO/SPI with a soy protein content of up to 7.88%, with a PEO share of 1.25%. The average diameter of the obtained fibers was 225–495 nm, depending on the process parameters and SPI content—as the SPI content in the PEO/SPI mixture increased, the average fiber diameter decreased. The production of nanofibers with a high soy protein content increases their application possibilities. Firstly, due to a much larger surface area, and secondly, due to the presence of numerous functional groups in the protein structure, which can be a place of attachment for additional compounds that give the obtained nanofibers the desired properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution is currently a huge threat to human health, which leads to heavy demand for efficient air filters. Herein, this work reports a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate a multilevel structure PA66@BN air filter to remove fine particles by combination solution blow spinning (SBS) and spraying. In this study, the composite membrane contains three structural features at multiscale: 1D polyamide 66 (PA66), 2D large surface area boron nitride nanosheets (BN), and 3D interconnecting network structure fiber membranes. The filtration efficiency of the composite membrane for PM2.5 and PM10 is >95%, the pressure drop is only 53 Pa, and the removal rate of 0.3 μm ultrafine particles also can reach 90%, which realizes the characteristics of high efficiency and low resistance of high‐quality filter. The presence of large transverse size BN increases the specific surface area and roughness of the nanofibers, reduces the probability of particle reflection and escape, and enhances the mechanical interception effect of the nanofibers on PM, while preserving the complex porous structure of 3D interconnection. Therefore, this study provides an economical and low‐energy consumption new strategy for fabricating air filters with special forms to cope with the increasingly serious air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green polymers have gained popularity in recent decades because of increasing pollution throughout the world. Poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is an aliphatic polyester and a relatively new polymer. The application fields of its products when combined with the solution blow spinning (SBS), method may be expanded to textiles, food, packaging, filters, batteries, and biomedical products due to its outstanding biodegradability, processability, and thermal and chemical resistance. Therefore, this study focused on the SBS process as a PBS polymer solution to scale up the nanofibers manufacturing process to the commercial level. PBS nonwovens were produced using a SBS apparatus. The PBS solution-blown nonwovens were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. A full factorial design was used to test the data for statistical analysis to investigate how solution concentration, air pressure, and flow rate influenced average fiber diameter. The impact of the process control factors was examined using analysis of variance. The thickness, air permeability and contact angle values of the material obtained under optimum conditions were also measured. The results have shown that the solution concentration significantly influences the mean diameter. The optimum SBS production parameters factors were determined to be as follows: 9 % wt. PBS concentration, 4 bar air pressure and 80 mL/h feed rate. The smallest average fiber diameter was 156 nm and the greatest average fiber diameter was 315 nm on nonwovens obtained at different production parameters. The water contact angle of PBS nonwoven was 119°. The fast and economical SBS process, coupled with the environmentally friendly nature of the PBS polymer, may contribute significantly to the industrialscale manufacture of nanofibrous nonwoven made from this polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]